Applicability of Malaysian Standards

and Universal Design in Public

Buildings in Putrajaya
Syazwani Abdul Kadir1 and Mariam Jamaludin2
1
Postgraduate Student, FAPS, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia
2
Associate Professor, FAPS, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia
syazwani@uwalumni.com

ABSTRACT

This paper discusses an on-going research on universal design

implementation in public buildings in Putrajaya with the applicability to
Malaysian Standards of accessibility. The areas of study include disability
and accessibility issues, current accessibility system in Malaysia, Malaysian
Standards and universal design implementation in built environment, and
the importance of public buildings in Putrajaya. Site observation involving
facilities measurement and photographic documentation was conducted in
ſve signiſcant public buildings in this city. The ſndings of this study may
be used as reference to designers and building managements in providing
adequate accessible facilities for the buildings’ visitors.

© 2012 cE-Bs, FSPU, UiTM. All rights reserved.

Keywords: persons with disabilities, Malaysian Standards of accessibility,

barrier-free/universal design

INTRODUCTION

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20

Abdul Kadir, S. & Jamaludin, M.

 APPLICABILITY OF MALAYSIAN STANDARDS AND UNIVERSAL DESIGN IN PUBLIC BUILDINGS IN PUTRAJAYA

LITERATURE REVIEW

Disability and Accessibility Issues

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Table 1: Overview of the ICF Components

Body
Function
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Level of Body (body Society (life
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structural
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integrity
Negative
Activity Participation
Aspects Impairment Barriers / hindrances
limitation restriction
(Disability)
(Source: WHO, 1999)

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Abdul Kadir, S. & Jamaludin, M.

 ASIAN JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENT-BEHAVIOUR STUDIES, VOLUME 3, NUMBER 9, JULY 2012

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Current Accessibility System in Malaysia

Malaysian current disability and accessibility system has shown many

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Abdul Kadir, S. & Jamaludin, M.

 APPLICABILITY OF MALAYSIAN STANDARDS AND UNIVERSAL DESIGN IN PUBLIC BUILDINGS IN PUTRAJAYA

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Malaysian Standards and Universal Design

Implementation in Built Environment

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to their impairments and minimize public tendency to ‘social ostracism’

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in Malaysian accessibility system so that this nation is in line with other
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23

Abdul Kadir, S. & Jamaludin, M.

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Table 2: The Key Principles of Universal Design

Principle Description
The design is useful and marketable to people with diverse
Equitable Use
abilities.
The design accommodates a wide range of individual preferences
Flexibility in Use
and abilities.

Use of the design is easy to understand, regardless of the user’s

Simple and Intuitive
experience, knowledge, language skills, or current concentration
Use
level.

The design communicates necessary information effectively to

Perceptible
the user, regardless of ambient conditions or the user’s sensory
Information
abilities.

The design minimizes hazards and the adverse consequences of

Tolerance for Error
accident or unintended actions.

The design can be used efſciently and comfortably and with a

Low Physical Effort
minimum of fatigue.

Appropriate size and space is provided for approach, reach,

Size and Space for
manipulation, and use regardless of user’s body size, posture, or
Approach and Use
mobility.
(Source: College of Design, North Carolina University)

The Importance of Public Buildings in Putrajaya

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Abdul Kadir, S. & Jamaludin, M.

 APPLICABILITY OF MALAYSIAN STANDARDS AND UNIVERSAL DESIGN IN PUBLIC BUILDINGS IN PUTRAJAYA

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METHODOLOGY

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25

Abdul Kadir, S. & Jamaludin, M.

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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Table 3: The Buildings’ Evaluation Based on Design Requirements

from Ms and Universal Design Principles

Score
Buildings (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j) (k) (l) (m) (n) (o)
(out of 75)
Department of
57
Immigration
Perdana Leadership
60
Foundation
Putrajaya Hospital 51

PICC 61
Tuanku Mizan
60
Mosque

Legend:

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Pedestrian Walkways

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Guiding Blocks

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Ramps/ Foot Ramps

(i) Stairways
(n) Public Restroom

Main Entrance
26
L'NGXCVQTU.KHVU  
(o) Accessible Restroom

Abdul Kadir, S. & Jamaludin, M.

 APPLICABILITY OF MALAYSIAN STANDARDS AND UNIVERSAL DESIGN IN PUBLIC BUILDINGS IN PUTRAJAYA

Score Description
5 All requirements met/ Facility is not provided but it is not necessary
4 Most of the requirements met
3 Equal proportion of requirements met and not met
2 Most of the requirements are not met
All requirements are not met/ Facility is not provided even though it is
1
necessary

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VJGQVJGTVJTGGDWKNFKPIUFQPQVOGGVCNNVJGFGUKIPTGSWKTGOGPVUHQTQPN[
QPGQWVQHVJGſHVGGPHCEKNKVKGUDGKPIGXCNWCVGFKPVJGUGDWKNFKPIU(TQO
VJGTGUWNVKVKUCNUQUJQYPVJCVOCKPGPVTCPEGRTQXKFGUVJGOQUVGZEGNNGPV
CEEGUUKDKNKV[KPCNNſXGDWKNFKPIUYJKNGVJGRQQTGUVCEEGUUKDKNKV[KUTGEQTFGF
HQTKPHQTOCVKQPEQWPVGT

+PIGPGTCNOCLQTƀCYUKPVGTOUQHVJGCEEGUUKDKNKV[HQWPFHTQOVJKU
UVWF[CTGUJQYPKPVJGFGUKIPQHIWKFKPIDNQEMUKPHQTOCVKQPEQWPVGTCPF
CDNWVKQPCTGC)WKFKPIDNQEMUCTGGKVJGTPQVRTQXKFGFQTKPEQTTGEVN[KPUVCNNGF
KPVJGGZVGTKQTCTGCQHVJGUGſXGDWKNFKPIU(QTKPUVCPEGUIWKFKPIDNQEMUYKVJ
NKPGCPFFQVDGCTKPIUYGTGKPEQTTGEVN[KPUVCNNGFCV6WCPMW/K\CP/QUSWG
CPF&GRCTVOGPVQH+OOKITCVKQPDWKNFKPI)WKFKPIDNQEMUYKVJNKPGDGCTKPIU
CTGUWRRQUGFVQUJQYVJGFKTGEVKQPQHRCVJYC[UJQYGXGTCV6WCPMW/K\CP
/QUSWGVJGNKPGUFKTGEVVQVJGYTQPIYC[U5KOKNCTN[KPCRRTQRTKCVGVJG
FQVDGCTKPIUYJKEJHWPEVKQPCUYCTPKPIUKIPCNYGTGKPUVCNNGFCUCNNIWKFKPI
DNQEMU CV VJG &GRCTVOGPV QH +OOKITCVKQP DWKNFKPIU KPENWFKPI IWKFKPI
DNQEMUVJCVCTGUWRRQUGFVQUJQYFKTGEVKQPUVQVJGWUGTU6JGUGKPEQTTGEV
KPUVCNNCVKQPUOC[TKUMWUGTŏUUCHGV[CPFEQPHWUGVJQUGYJQCTGKPPGGFQH
VCEVKNGKPFKECVKQPVQOQXGCTQWPF+P2WVTCLC[C*QURKVCNECUGPQIWKFKPI 27

Abdul Kadir, S. & Jamaludin, M.

 ASIAN JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENT-BEHAVIOUR STUDIES, VOLUME 3, NUMBER 9, JULY 2012

DNQEMUCTGRTQXKFGFGXGPVJQWIJVJGRCTMKPIURCEGCPFRGFGUVTKCPRCVJYC[U
CTGNQECVGFSWKVGCFKUVCPEGHTQOVJGOCKPGPVTCPEGQHVJGDWKNFKPI

#PQVJGT HCEKNKV[ VJCV KU NCEM QH CEEGUUKDKNKV[ KP VJKU UVWF[ KU VJG
KPHQTOCVKQPEQWPVGT#NNKPHQTOCVKQPEQWPVGTUGZEGRVVJGQPGUKP2+%%CPF
2WVTCLC[C*QURKVCNCTGVQQJKIJHQTEJKNFTGPQTRGQRNGQPYJGGNEJCKTVQTGCEJ
CPFFQPQVRTQXKFGURCEGHQTYJGGNEJCKTVQTQNNWPFGT6JKUFQGUPQVOGGV
VJGFGUKIPIWKFGNKPGUQH/5CPFWPKXGTUCNFGUKIPYJKEJTGSWKTGCRRTQRTKCVG
JGKIJV QH EQWPVGT CPF URCEG WPFGTPGCVJ VJG YQTM UWTHCEG +PHQTOCVKQP
EQWPVGTKUCPKORQTVCPVHCEKNKV[DGECWUGKVKUVJGſTUVRNCEGXKUKVQTUOC[
CRRTQCEJVQIGVJGNRQTIGVKPHQTOCVKQPCDQWVVJGDWKNFKPIYC[ſPFKPIU
+HVJGEQWPVGTKUPQVTGCEJCDNGD[UQOGXKUKVQTUKVOC[KPVKOKFCVGVJGOCPF
IKXGPGICVKXGſTUVKORTGUUKQPQHVJGCEEGUUKDKNKV[QHQXGTCNNDWKNFKPIKPVGTKQT

1VJGTVJCPIWKFKPIDNQEMUCPFKPHQTOCVKQPEQWPVGTCDNWVKQPCTGCKU
CPQVJGTHCEKNKV[YKVJNQYCEEGUUKDKNKV[HQWPFKPVJKUUVWF[#DNWVKQPCTGCU
KP CNN ſXG DWKNFKPIU GZEGRV 6WCPMW /K\CP /QUSWG CTG DWKNV YKVJ NGXGN
EJCPIGUKPHTQPVQHVJGYCVGTHCWEGVU6JKUJKPFGTUNGUUCDNGRGQRNGUWEJCU
YJGGNEJCKTWUGTVJGGNFGTN[CPFETWVEJGUWUGTVQCRRTQCEJVJQUGHCWEGVUKP
QTFGTVQENGCPVJGOUGNXGUDGHQTGRGTHQTOKPIRTC[6WCPMW/K\CP/QUSWG
UJQYUVJGDGUVUQNWVKQPHQTVJGFGUKIPQHCEEGUUKDNGCDNWVKQPCTGC9KVJPQ
NGXGNEJCPIGUVJGFGUKIPOCPCIGUVQRTQXKFGCEEGUUKDKNKV[[GVGPUWTGUCHGV[
D[WUKPIPQPUNKRRGT[OCVGTKCNUHQTVJGƀQQTſPKUJGU6JGCDNWVKQPCTGCU
KP6WCPMW/K\CP/QUSWGCTGCNUQRTQXKFGFYKVJIQQFNKIJVKPIHQTWUGTUŏ
GCUGQHXKUWCNCEEGUUYJKNGWUKPIVJGHCEKNKV[

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

$CUGFQPVJGQXGTCNNſPFKPIUOQTGVJCPJCNHQHVJGOCKPHCEKNKVKGURTQXKFGF
KPGCEJCUUGUUGFDWKNFKPIUQHVJKUUVWF[OGGVOQUVQHVJGFGUKIPTGSWKTGOGPVU
HTQO/5CPFWPKXGTUCNFGUKIPRTKPEKRNGU0QVOWEJJWIGOQFKſECVKQPU
PGGFVQDGFQPGVQVJGHCEKNKVKGUJQYGXGTCUOCNNOQFKſECVKQPECPEQPVTKDWVG
VQNCTIGKORTQXGOGPVVQVJGDWKNFKPIUŏQXGTCNNCEEGUUKDKNKV[+P6WCPMW
/K\CP/QUSWGHQTGZCORNGVJGDWKNFKPIUFQQTUCPFFQQTYC[UECPDGEQOG
RGTHGEVN[CEEGUUKDNGKHCNNƀQQTNGXGNEJCPIGUQTVJTGUJQNFUCTGOCFGNQYGT
28
VJCPOO6JKUOC[IKXGCJWIGKORCEVVQVJGQXGTCNNCEEGUUKDKNKV[QHVJG
DWKNFKPIDGECWUGVJGTGCTGOCP[WPPGEGUUCT[NGXGNEJCPIGUOQTGVJCPOO

Abdul Kadir, S. & Jamaludin, M.

 APPLICABILITY OF MALAYSIAN STANDARDS AND UNIVERSAL DESIGN IN PUBLIC BUILDINGS IN PUTRAJAYA

HQWPFKPKVUKPVGTKQT+PCFFKVKQPOQFKH[KPIVJKUƀCYYKNNPQVKORCEVVJG
CGUVJGVKEXCNWGQHVJGDWKNFKPIŏUFGUKIPUQOWEJ1VJGTOQFKſECVKQPUHQTCNN
DWKNFKPIUECPDGGCUKN[OCFGVQOQUVQHVJGHCEKNKVKGUYKVJNQYCEEGUUKDKNKV[
UWEJCUVJGIWKFKPIDNQEMUTCORUKPHQTOCVKQPEQWPVGTCPFCDNWVKQPCTGC
DGECWUGVJGUGHCEKNKVKGUCTGPQVUVTWEVWTCNEQORCTGFVQQVJGTHCEKNKVKGUNKMG
UVCKTYC[UGNGXCVQTUCPFKPVGTKQTEQTTKFQTU

'XGPVJQWIJVJGQXGTCNNCEEGUUKDKNKV[HQTOQUVDWKNFKPIUKPVJKUUVWF[
UJQYU UCVKUHCEVQT[ CRRNKECDKNKV[ QH /CNC[UKCP 5VCPFCTFU CPF WPKXGTUCN
FGUKIPKORNGOGPVCVKQPHWTVJGTCPCN[UKUWUKPIFKHHGTGPVCRRTQCEJGUUWEJCU
HCEKNKVKGUUKOWNCVKQPSWGUVKQPPCKTGUWTXG[VQHCEKNKVKGUŏWUGTUCPFKPVGTXKGYU
YKVJDWKNFKPIOCPCIGTUCTGPGGFGFVQUVTGPIVJGPCPFXCNKFCVGVJGTGUGCTEJŏU
OGVJQFQNQI[GXGPOQTG#UUGUUKPIVJGCEEGUUKDKNKV[QHRWDNKEDWKNFKPIUKP
2WVTCLC[CHTQOFKHHGTGPVRGTURGEVKXGUUWEJCUWUGTŏURGTEGRVKQPDWKNFKPI
OCPCIGTŏU XKGY CPF WUGTŏU GZRGTKGPEG OC[ JGNR ſPFKPI QVJGT PGY CPF
UKIPKſECPVTGEQOOGPFCVKQPUKPGPUWTKPICOQTGDCTTKGTHTGGGPXKTQPOGPV
KPVJGEKV[

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 ASIAN JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENT-BEHAVIOUR STUDIES, VOLUME 3, NUMBER 9, JULY 2012

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