Endothermic, Exothermic and Isothermic

Reactions
In this lab, we are going to investigate three Types of chemical reactions, they are;
exothermic, endothermic and isothermic. The exothermic reactions absorb energy,
they have as their main feature to produce heat, this happens because they reléase
more energy that what they consume. In some exothermic processes, heating the
substance may be required so that the reaction starts. All the combustion processes
enter in this category. On the other hand, we find the endothermic reactions, which
are totally the opposite, they release less energy that what they consume, creating a
reaction of decrease in the temperature. Finally, we find the isothermic reactions,
which are the ones that reléase the same amount of energy than the one they
consumed, without generating any change in the temperature.

Objetivos:

With this lab we seek to understand how the endothermic, exothermic and isothermic
reactions develop. Noticing the changes that produce the principal product specially
the ones of their temperatura.

Materiales

Thermometre Measuring Cylinder Cup of Styrene

Spatula Lid Watch Glass

Chemicals
● Sodium Hydroxide – NaOH
● Hydrochloric acid – HCl
● Ethanoic acid – C2H4O2
● Ammonium Carbonate – (NH4)2CO3
● Hydrochloric Acid – HCl
● Magnesium – Mg
● Sodium Carbonate – Na2CO3
● Sulphate – SO2−
4

Procedure
We began this lab by taking the measuring cylinder and pouring 25 cm³ of sodium,
after doing the measurement, we pour the sodium already measured to the cup of
styrene, once in the glass we measure the temperature covering the glass with a lid so
that there is no alteration in the temperature, later the cylinder is washed with
abundant water. We spill in the cylinder 25cm ³ of hydrochloric acid, this compound is
poured into the glass of cop styrene where before we have added the sodium; we mix
both liquids and we take the final temperature. We repeated this process with the
Sodium Carbonate - Zinc Sulphate reaction.
For the Ethanoic Acid - Ammonium Carbonate reaction we first poured 25cm ³ of
Ethanoic Acid into the measuring cylinder, then we poured it into the styrene cup. We
measured the temperature, then we measured two spatulas of Ammonium Carbonate
and placed them in the watch glass. After we do this, we pour the Ammonium
Carbonate into the Ethanoic Acid, mix them and measure its temperature.
For the Hydrochloric Acid - Magnesium Reaction, we poured 25cm ³ of Hydrochloric
Acid into the measuring cylinder, and then into the styrene cup and measure it’s
temperature. Then we cutted 5cm of Magnesium and poured them into the
Hydrochloric Acid. We mixed it and measured it’s temperature.
Results:

Reaction Temperature Temperature Change in

before after temperature

Sodium Hydroxide / 27°C 37.5°C     -10.5°C

Hydrochloric acid

Ethanol acid / 26° 16° 10°

Ammonium carbonate

Hydrochloric acid / 27° 36° -11°

magnesium

sodium carbonate / Zinc 25° 25° no change

sulphate

Analysis
When the experiment was done, we analyse some of the important characteristics that
it presented. To begin with we can notice we obtained different results; the
exothermic reactions where Sodium Hydroxide with Hydrochloric acid and
Magnesium with Hydrochloric acid, we can notice that both of them are exothermic
this occurs since there is a mix of an acid and an alkali, in the case of sodium
hydroxide and magnesium they both act as alkaline solutions, meanwhile
hydrochloric acid is the acid , which causes the release of energy in form of heat or in
other words the exothermic reaction. On the other hand we got an endothermic
reaction that absorbs the heat that is dispersed in the air and uses it as energy to
complete the reaction, this causes that the temperature decreases, and it is the case
for ethanol acid and ammonium carbonate. Lastly we got a reaction that doesn't
change, neither temperature nor any other element at the reaction, this occurs since
the amount of energy released is the same that the one consumed, that is why the
temperature keeps constant at all times, the result was 25°C.

Questionnaire:
1. Why were reactions performed in a plastic cup?

They were performed in plastic cup because it gives an exact temperature, due to the
way it is made, as well it is resistant.

    2. Which reactions were exothermic and which were endothermic?

Sodium Hydroxide / Hydrochloric acid - Exothermic
Hydrochloric acid / magnesium - Exothermic
Ethanol acid / Ammonium carbonate - Endothermic
Sodium Carbonate / Zinc Sulphate

    3. How could you change the experiment to get greater temperature changes?

To show greater temperature changes we do it by applying higher amounts of one of

the two liquids used at the reaction.

    4. Why is there a temperature change when reactions take place?

when reactions take place, the temperature defines how is the reaccion going, this is
because of the movements of the particles inside the liuqid, when particles move
faster the temperature rises, meanwhile when it is backguards when the particles
move slower.

Conclusion:

In the experiment that we did, we can conclude that the most important feature for us
to know what type of reaction it is, is the temperature. During the experiment we
could observe the three types of reactions, exothermic, endothermic and isothermic,
and we could compare them and see their differences.  If there is a hot sensation, we
know it is an exothermic reaction, if it feels cold, it is endothermic, and if it stays
neutral it is isothermic. There are different processes in which each reaction is used.
For example in electrolysis endothermic reactions are used, in the mixture of acids
and alkalis, as shown in the results, is exothermic. We realized these things while
analyzing the results.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/add_aqa_pre_2011/chemreac/energyc
hangesrev1.shtml