DISEÑO DE UN MURO DE CONTENCION

S/C
h1
e

h2
H

t
hp O hf
b1 b2

DATOS DEL SUELO: ϕ := 35 DATOS ADICIONALES:

kg kg π kg kg
σt := 2.0 γ := 1800 ϕs := ϕ ⋅ fy := 4200 fc := 210
2 3 180 2 2
cm m cm cm

0.611
⎡ ( 1 − sin( ϕs) ) ⎤
ϕs =
Ka := ⎢ ⎥
⎣ ( 1 + sin( ϕs) ) ⎦ ϕf := 0.50 ϕv := 0.80 coeficiente por cor

Recubrimiento muro = 4 cm Rm := 0.03m

Ka = 0.271
Recubrimiento zapata = 8 cm
Rz := 0.08m

ϕ es el angulo de fricción interna del material seleccionado para la

μ= construcción del muro
⎛2 ⎞
μ := tan⎜ ϕs⎟
⎝3 ⎠ μ = tan ϕ interacción fricción zapata con el suelo

DATOS DEL DIMENSIONAMIENTO

e := 0.150 m t := 0.150 m h1 := 0.0m h2 := 1.5m hf := 0.40m b1 := 0.150 m b2 := 0.6m
He := h2 + hf B := b1 + b2 + t
kg
SC := 0
2 He = 1.9 m B= 0.9 m
m
A := 100 cm
 CALCULO DE EMPUJE POR S/C
CALCULO DEL EMPUJE ACTIVO Si hay mas de 1m
SC 2 hp y se hace bue
ho := Eact := 0.5 ⋅ γ ⋅ Ka ⋅ A ⋅ He
γ compactacion
Eact = 880.447 kg teoricamente se
ho = 0
considera empuje
Esc := γ ⋅ Ka ⋅ ho ⋅ He ⋅ A pasivo
Esc = 0

2/3

He
Empuje

P 1/3
u Talon
n
t
a

1.- VERIFICACION DE LA ESTABILIDAD DEL MURO

1.1) Por Deslizamiento

kg
γcon := 2400
3
m
He ⋅ Eact
M := M= 557.616 m ⋅ kg
3

Fuerzas verticales

FV := [ ( h1 + h2) ⋅ e ⋅ A ⋅ γcon] + ⎡⎣( h1 + h2) ⋅ 0.5 ⋅ A ⋅ ( t − e) ⋅ γcon⎤⎦ + ( hf ⋅ B ⋅ A ⋅ γcon) + ( b2 ⋅ h2 ⋅ A ⋅ γ) + ( b2 ⋅ ho ⋅ A ⋅ γ)

3
FV = 3.024 × 10 kg
 W(s+t) = peso de la pantalla en caso de ser inclinada se conside

Ws+t Ws= peso del suelo que soporta el muro de contencion

Ws Wz= peso de la zapata

Wz

Fr

Fuerzas horizontales
FH := Eact + Esc

FH = 880.447 kg

He FH FH

P
u Talon
n
t
a
Fr

Fr := μ ⋅ FV

Fr
FSd :=
FH

FSd = 1.48
 Como FSd es mayor que 1.5 entonces es conforme si no cumple aumentar la longitud del talon

1.2) Por Volteo

red := ⎡⎢( hf ⋅ B ⋅ A ⋅ γcon) ⋅

B⎤
+ ⎡⎢[ ( b2 ⋅ h2 ⋅ γ ⋅ A) + ( b2 ⋅ ho ⋅ γ ⋅ A) ] ⋅ ⎛⎜B −
b2 ⎞⎤
⎥ ⎟⎥
⎣ 2⎦ ⎣ ⎝ 2 ⎠⎦

⎡ ⎡ ⎡2 ⎤⎤⎤
Mo := ⎡⎢[ ( h1 + h2) ⋅ e ⋅ A ⋅ γcon] ⋅ ⎡⎢b1 + ( t − e) +
e ⎤⎤
⎥⎥ + ⎢⎡⎣( h1 + h2) ⋅ 0.5 ⋅ ( t − e) ⋅ γcon ⋅ A⎤⎦ ⋅ ⎢b1 + ⎢ ⋅ ( t − e)⎥⎥⎥ + red
⎣ ⎣ 2 ⎦⎦ ⎣ ⎣ ⎣3 ⎦⎦⎦
3
Mo = 1.482 × 10 m ⋅ kg
He He
Mr := Eact ⋅ + Esc ⋅
3 2
Mo
Mr = 557.616 m ⋅ kg FSv :=
Mr

FSv = 2.66
si no cumple aumentar la longitud punta pa
Como FSv es mayor que 2 entonces es conforme
aumentar el brazo de palanca

2/3
H2
M
Empuje

P 1/3
u Talon
n
t
a
FH
x

2.- DISEÑO DE LA ARMADURA DE LA PANTALLA VERTICAL

2.1 ) LA FLEXION EN LA BASE DE LA PANTALLA ES:

La altura de la pantalla es: h2 = 1.5 m

El empuje debido al empuje activo del suelo y la sobrecarga es:
2
H1 := 0.5 ⋅ γ ⋅ A ⋅ Ka ⋅ h2 H2 := γ ⋅ Ka ⋅ ho ⋅ h2 ⋅ A

H1 = 548.755 kg H2 = 0
 El Momento en la base de la pantalla es Mu:

1.8 ⋅ ⎛⎜H1 ⋅
h2 h2 ⎞
Mu := + H2 ⋅ ⎟
⎝ 3 2⎠

Mu = 493.879 m ⋅ kg

2/3
H2

Empuje

P 1/3
u Talon
n
t d
a
FH

Como el recubrimiento es Rm entonces el peralte efectivo de la pantalla sera:

d := e − Rm

d= 0.12 m
fy
M :=
Ku :=
Mu 0.85 ⋅ fc
2
0.9A ⋅ ( d)
M= 23.529
4 −2
Ku = 3.811 × 10 m ⋅ kg

1⎛ Ku ⎞
ρ := ⎜1 − 1 − 2 M ⋅ ⎟
M⎝ fy ⎠

ρ= 0.00092 Es mayor que ρmin = 0.0018 ρmin := 0.0018

Para refuerzo vertical para la cara interior:

Asv := ρmin ⋅ A ⋅ d 1
−4 2
Asv = 2.16 × 10 m
 Para refuerzo de 3/8"
As = 0.71 cm2 2
0.71cm ⋅A
Svi :=
Asv

Svi = 0.329 m

* Usar acero interior de 3/8" @ 20cm

Para el corte de acero de refuerzo: dx := 3/4" dx := 0.254 m

sd d sd := 12 ⋅ dx
12 dAs sd = 3.048 m

⎡( 2⎤
0.5 ⋅ γ ⋅ A ⋅ Ka) ⋅ ( h2 − sd) ⎦
1.8 ⎣
( h2 − sd)
Mux := ⋅
2 3
Mux = − 271.413 m ⋅ kg

⎡( 2⎤
0.5 ⋅ γ ⋅ A ⋅ Ka) ⋅ ( h2 − I) ⎦
Mux
6⋅
1.8 ⎣
I := ( h2 − I)
⎡( 2⎤ Mux := ⋅
⎣ 0.5 ⋅ γ ⋅ A ⋅ Ka) ⋅ ( h2 − I) ⎦ ⋅ ( h2 − I) 2 3

I = − 1.978

Para calcular el acero horizontal As SUPERIOR = As INFERIOR cuando t = e

ρhmin := 0.0024
1 ( t + e)
Ashmin2i := ρhmin ⋅ A ⋅
2 2
−4 2
Ashmin2i = 1.8 × 10 m

2
0.71cm ⋅A
Sh2i :=
Ashmin2i

Sh2i = 0.394 m

Usar As interior de3 /8" @ 30cm

 h2/3

h2/3

Ø estribo
(1/3)As
h2/3

2.2 ) EL CORTE EN LA BASE DE LA PANTALLA ES:

⎛⎜ 2 ⎞⎟
Ka ⋅ γ ⋅ A ⋅ h2
Vu := 1.8⎜ + Ka ⋅ γ ⋅ A ⋅ ho ⋅ h2⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠

Vu = 987.759 kg
1
2
kg ⋅ cm
Kv := 10000 ⋅ 0.53 ⋅
2
m

ϕVc := ϕv ⋅ Kv ⋅ fc ⋅ A ⋅ d

3
ϕVc = 7.373 × 10 kg

COMPARANDO φVc > Vu Entonces es conforme

Al efectuar el predimencionamiento se diseño la pantalla si bien es cierto el espesor es
adecuado tanto para flexion como para corte, se debe tener en cuenta a deflexion del muro
para no chequer deflexiones se recomienda :

ρ = (0.18)(fc)/fy caso que sea mayor aumentar el espesor de la pantalla

<
 fc
ρd := 0.18 ⋅
fy

−3
ρd = 9 × 10

3.0 .- PRESIONES

CALCULO DE PRESION EN EL SUELO

Pp :=
( Mo − Mr) σ2 σ1
FV σ3

Pp = 0.31 m
B B
ε1 ≤ ε1 ≥
ε1 :=
B
− Pp
6 6
2 chequear visualmente en que caso esta
B
ε1 = 0.144 m = 0.15 m
6

FV ⎛ 6 ⋅ ε1 ⎞ FV ⎛ 6 ⋅ ε1 ⎞
σ3 := ⋅ ⎜1 + ⎟ σ2 := ⋅ ⎜1 − ⎟ 2 FV
A⋅ B ⎝ B ⎠ A⋅ B ⎝ B ⎠ σ1 := ⋅
3 ⋅ A ⎛ε1 + B ⎞
⎜ ⎟
3 −2 ⎝ 2⎠
−2
σ3 = 6.59 × 10 m ⋅ kg σ2 = 129.509 m ⋅ kg
−2
σt = 20000 m ⋅ kg

En los dos casos σ3, σ2 tiene que ser En este caso σ1, tiene que ser menor
menor que la capacidad portante σt del que la capacidad portante σt del suelo
suelo
si no cumple
aumentar la longitud
de la zapata B

4.0 .- FUERZAS DE ROTURA

3
MU := 1.8 ⋅ M MU = 1.004 × 10 m ⋅ kg

3
WR := 1.5 ⋅ FV WR = 4.536 × 10 kg

3
MR := 1.5 ⋅ Mo MR = 2.223 × 10 m ⋅ kg

Diagrama de presiones amplificado

 ( MR − MU)
X := X= 0.27 m σ2 σ1
WR
σ3
B
ε2 := −X ε2 = 0.181 m
2
B B
ε2 ≤ ε2 ≥
B
= 0.15 m ε2 ≥
B 6 6
6 6 chequear visualmente en que caso esta

2⎡ WR ⎤ 4 −2
σ1 := σ1 = 1.125 × 10 ⋅ kg
3 ⎢ A ⋅ ⎛ B − ε2⎞ ⎥
m
⎢ ⎜ ⎟⎥
⎣ ⎝2 ⎠⎦

B= 0.9 m

AREA := FUERZA
B
Y Z Z ⋅ σ1
= ⋅ WR
2
WR 2
Z := ⋅
m σ1

Z= 0.81 m
Y := B − Z

Y= 0.093 m

Y= 0.09 m

5.0 .- DISEÑO DE LA ARMADURA DE LA PUNTA

Sobre el actuan hacia abajo la caerga repartida debido a el peso de la zapata

Ppz := hf ⋅ γcon ⋅ 1m
−1
Ppz = 960 m ⋅ kg

Wup := 1.5 ⋅ Ppz

3 −1
Wup = 1.44 × 10 m ⋅ kg
r := recubrimiento
r := 0.1m
r= 0.1 m
 wutp := 1.5( γ ⋅ h2 ⋅ A + hf ⋅ γcon ⋅ A) + 1.8( SC ⋅ A)

3 −1
wutp = 5.49 × 10 m ⋅ kg triangulo centroide
punto de referencia
σ1 ⋅ ( Z − r)
σf1 := calculo de momentos
Z 2/3
3 −2
σf1 = 9.852 × 10 m ⋅ kg
seccion critica para flexion sec
este punto r=
σ1 ⋅ ( Z − b1)
σf2 :=
Z

3 −2
σf2 = 9.155 × 10 m ⋅ kg
2
5.1. − FLEXION 1

Para refuerzo pincipal punta: d r

D := hf − r

B1
D= 0.3 m

⎡⎛ b1 b1 ⎞ 1 2 ⎤
Mup := ⎢⎜− b1 ⋅ Wup ⋅ + σf2 ⋅ b1 ⋅ 1m ⋅ ⎟ + ( σ1 − σf2) ⋅ 1 m ⋅ b1 ⋅ ⋅ b1⎥
⎣⎝ 2 2⎠ 2 3 ⎦

Mup = 102.473 m ⋅ kg
Mup
Kup :=
2
( D) ⋅ A

3 −2
Kup = 1.139 × 10 m ⋅ kg

1⎛ Kup ⎞
ρp := ⎜1 − 1 − 2 ⋅ M ⋅ ⎟
M⎝ fy ⎠

ρp = 0.00003 es > que ρmin := 0.0018

Es < ρmin = 0.0018 USAR ρmin

Asp := ρmin ⋅ A ⋅ D

2
Asp = 0.00054 m

Para refuerzo de 1/" 2

1.29cm ⋅A
Stp :=
As = 1.29 cm2 Asp

Stp = 0.239 m

Usar acero de 1/2" @ 20cm

Para refuerzo transversal punta:

Asminp := ρmin ⋅ A ⋅ ( D)

−4 2
Asminp = 5.4 × 10 m

2
1.29cm ⋅A
Para refuerzo de 1/2" Sminp :=
Asminp
As = 1.29 cm2

Sminp = 0.239 m

Usar acero min. direc. muro de 1/2" @ 20cm

La fuerza cortante en la cara de la punta :(se evalua a 0.1m)

r ⋅
Vup := − Wup ⋅ r + ⋅ ( σ1 + σf1) ⋅ A
2
-
Vup = 910.871 kg

ϕVcp := 0.85 ⋅ Kv ⋅ fc ⋅ A ⋅ D

4
ϕVcp = 1.959 × 10 kg
+
Si cumple la condicion φVcp>Vup
 Ø estribo
(1/3)As

As transversal punta (Amin)

6.0.- DISEÑO DE LA ARMADURA DEL TALON

Sobre el actuan hacia abajo el peso del suelo y el peso de la zapata

 Seccion Seccion
critica para critica
flexion para corte

Wut

σ1 ⋅ [ B − Y − ( b1 +
σft :=
Z

3 −2
1 σft σft = 7.064 × 10 m

tt

Dt D

Y Zt
Y= 0.09 m Zt := b2 − Y
Zt = 0.51 m
σft ⋅ ( Zt − D)
σt1 :=
D= 0.3 m tt := Zt − D Zt
Dt := b2 − D
3 −2
Dt = 0.3 m tt = 0.21 m σt1 = 2.882 × 10 m ⋅ kg

Ppzt := hf ⋅ γcon ⋅ 1m Ppst := h2 ⋅ γ ⋅ 1m

−1 3 −1
Ppzt = 960 m ⋅ kg Ppst = 2.7 × 10 m ⋅ kg

Wut := 1.5 ⋅ ( Ppzt + Ppst)

3 −1
Wut = 5.49 × 10 m ⋅ kg

6.1. − FLEXION
Para refuerzo principal talon:

2 2
b2 Zt
Mut := Wut ⋅ − σft ⋅ A ⋅ b2 = 0.6 m
2 6
Mut = 685.933 m ⋅ kg

Mut
Kut :=
2
( D) ⋅ A

3 −2
Kut = 7.621 × 10 m ⋅ kg
 1⎛ Kut ⎞
ρt := ⎜1 − 1 − 2 ⋅ M ⋅ ⎟
M⎝ fy ⎠

−3
ρt = 0.0002 es > que ρmin = 1.8 × 10
ρt < ρmin USAR = ρmin

Ast := ρmin ⋅ A ⋅ D

2
Ast = 0.00054 m

Para refuerzo de 1/2"

As =1.29 cm2 2
1.29cm ⋅A
Sta :=
Ast

Sta = 0.239 m

Usar acero principal de 1/2" @ 20 cm

Para refuerzo transversal talon:

Asmint := ρmin ⋅ A ⋅ ( D)

−4 2
Asmint = 5.4 × 10 m

Para refuerzo de 1/2" 2

1.29cm ⋅A
As =1.29 cm2 Smint :=
Asmint

Smint = 0.239 m

Usar acero min. direc. muro de 1/2" @ 20 cm

6.2.- La fuerza cortante en la cara del talon anterior :

tt
Vut := Wut ⋅ Dt − ⋅ ( σt1) ⋅ A
2
tt = 0.207 m -
3
Vut = 1.349 × 10 kg

ϕVct := 0.85 ⋅ Kv ⋅ fc ⋅ A ⋅ D

4
ϕVct = 1.959 × 10 kg
+
Si cumple la condicion φVct>Vut
Ø estribo

(1/3)As

As transversal punta (Amin)