TITLES & COURSE OUTLINES FOR

M.PHIL. CHEMISTRY

SEMESTER-I

CHEM 7105 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Credit Hour 3

CHEM 7106 Separation Techniques Credit Hour 3

CHEM 7107 Solid State Chemistry Credit Hour 3

CHEM 7108 Radiation Chemistry Credit Hour 3

TOTAL CREDIT HOURS 12

SEMESTER-II

CHEM 7206 Organic Polymer Chemistry Credit Hour 3

CHEM 7210 Instrumental Analysis (A Practical Course) Credit Hour 3

CHEM 7102 Principles of Biochemical Processes Credit Hour 3

CHEM 7212 Advanced Chemical Kinetics Credit Hour 3

TOTAL CREDIT HOURS 12

SEMESTER III AND IV

CHEM 7499 Research and Seminars Credit Hour 12

THESIS
TOTAL CREDIT HOURS 36

OPTIONAL COURSES

1. Environmental Chemistry CHEM 7204

2. Biosynthesis of Natural Products CHEM 7207
3. Gene Technology CHEM 7211
4. Nano Chemistry CHEM 7209

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Course Code: CHEM-7105
Course Title: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Credit hours: 03
COURSE CONTENTS:

Basic principles of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, interpretation of 1H- and 13C-NMR

spectra, factors affecting the chemical shifts and coupling constants. Recent advances in
1D and 2D-NMR spectroscopy including J-resolved, shift correlated multiple quantum
spectra and inverse measurements. Identification of carbon-multiplicity with
Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT) technique. Applications of
Heterocuclear Multiple-Quantum Coherence (HMQC), Heteronuclear Multiple-Bond
Connectivity (HMBC) and Homonuclear Shift-Correlation Spectroscopy (COSY) in
structure elucidation of organic molecules. Nuclear Overhauser Enhancment (NOE) and
its applications in stereochemical dispositions. Introduction, principle and therapeutic
applications of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).

RECOMMENDED BOOKS:

1. Berger S., Sicker D., Classics in NMR: Understanding Spectra of Natural

Products, Wiley-VCH (2009).
2. Abraham R., Mobli M., Modelling 1H NMR Spectra of Organic Compounds:
Theory Applications and NMR Prediction Software. Wiley, 2008).
3. Bible R.H., A Guide for Selecting NMR Techniques VCH, (2008).
4. De Graaf R., In Vivo NMR Spectroscopy: Principles and Techniques Wiley-
Interscience, (2008).
5. Simpson J.H, Organic Structure Determination Using 2-D NMR Spectroscopy: A
Problem-Based Approach, Academic Press (2008).
6. Jag Mohan., Organic Analytical Chemistry; Theory and Practice; Narosa
Publishing House, New Delhi. (2003).
7. Whittaker.D, “Interpreting Organic Spectra”, The Royal Society of Chemistry
(2000).
8. Atta-ur-Rahman & M. Iqbal Choudhary., Solving Problems with NMR
Spectroscopy.; Academic Press Inc. USA. (1996).
9. Donald L. Pavia, Gary M. Lampman, George S. Kriz., “Inroduction to
Spectroscopy; A Guide for students of Organic Chemistry., 2nd edition, Harcourt
Brace College publishers, Florida. (1996).
10. Kemp.W, “Organic Spectroscopy”, Macmillan Education Ltd; Third Edition
(1991).
11. Bender.G.T, “Principles of Chemical Instrumentation”, W.B.Saunders Company
(1987).
12. Macomber.R.S, “NMR Spectroscopy Basic Principles and Applications”, Books
for Professionals, Inc (1988).

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 13. Atta-ur-Rahman., Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; Basic Principles., Springer-
Verlag New York Inc. (1986).

Course Code: CHEM-7106

Course Title: Separation Techniques
Credit hours: 03
COURSE CONTENTS:

Chromatography: Classification, Classic and Kinetic Theory, Solvent Extraction

and Solid Phase Extraction, Gas Chromatography: separation process, sample
injection, detectors, sample preparation, method development. High Performance
Liquid Chromatography: Chromatographic process, columns and stationary
phase, injection and detectors, method development for reversed phase separation,
gradient separations. Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography (FPLC): Principle and
work flow, Cation/ Anion exchange chromatography, hydrophobic interaction
Chromatography. Optimization of conditions and calibration of Instrumentation.
Ion Exchange Chromatography, gel filtration chromatography. CAPILLARY
ELECTROPHORESIS: Basic principle, Zeta potential and the phenomenon of
Electro-osmosis, General instrumentation and applications. CENTRIFUGATION:
Principle of Centrifugation, Working with Normal and Ultracentrifuges. Use of
Density Gradient Differential Centrifugation for Separation of Cellular
Components.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS:

i- Analytical Chemistry
R. Kellner, J-M. Mermet, M. Otto, H.M. Widmer
ii- Quantitative Chemical Analysis
Daniel.C.Harris
iii- Practical Biochemistry
Principles and Techniques
Editors: Keith Wilson and John Walker
4th edition 1997
Cambridge University Press
iv- Fundamental Laboratory Approaches for Biochemistry and Biotechnology
Alaxander J Ninfa & David P Ballou
Fitzgerald Science Press Inc. 1998
Bthesda, Maryland

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 v- Methods in Molecular Biology
Book series Vol. 59
Protein Purification Protocols
David Sheelan
Humana Press 2004

vi- Separation Methods in Biochemistry

CJOR Morris & P Morris
2nd edition 1976
Pitman Publishing

Course Code: CHEM-7107

Course Title: Solid State Chemistry
Credit hours: 03

COURSE CONTENTS:

Brief description to symmetry and the concept of lattice, Data collection techniques,
Determination of unit cell constants by single crystal techniques. Symmetry
determination, indexing, reflection intensity determination and its relationship with
structure factor, data reduction and calculations of structure factors, Electron density,
Patterson factor and solving structure examples and refinement of structure by least
square method. Direct methods.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS:

i- Solid State Chemistry (An Introduction) 2nd Edition

Lasley Smart & Elaine Moore
ii- Reaction And Characterization Of Solids
Sandra E. Dann
iii- Solid State Chemistry 1982
R. M.etselaar, H.J.M. Heijligers, J. Schoonman

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Course Code: CHEM-7108

Course Title: Radiation Chemistry

Credit Hours: 03

COURSE CONTENTS:

Constitution of nucleus: Nuclear Characteristics, Types of radiations, Physical properties

of radiations, Nuclear stability, Nuclides chart, Decay schemes, Kinetics of radioactive
decay. Measurement of radioactivity: Detectors used for the measurement of Activity,
Geiger Muller Counter, Scintillation counter. Development of Radiation Chemistry.
Introduction, radiation sources. Interaction of radiation with matter: Energy loss by
gamma rays, energy loss by electrons, energy loss of other charged particles, Effect of
LET, Dosimetry. Ions and electrons: Excited states. Radiolysis of gas, liquid and gas.
Production and decay of excited state. Application of Radiation Chemistry: Application
of radiation chemistry in sterilization, polymerization, nitrogen fixation, food
preservation, analytical methods, medicines etc.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS:

i- Hughes G. “Radiation Chemistry” Oxford Series, UK (1973).

ii- Spinks J.W.T. and Woods R.J. “An introduction to Radiation Chemistry” Wiley
Inter Sci. Pub, USA (1976).
iii- Aziz F. and Rodgers M.A.J., “Radiation Chemistry Principles and Application”
Ed., VCH Publishers, Inc. (1987)
iv- Friedlander G. and Kennedy J.W. “Nuclear and Radiochemistry” 3rd ed., Wiley,
New York (1981).
v- Naqvi, I. I., “Radiochemistry”, University Grants Commission,1990.
vi- Harvey, B.G. “Nuclear Physics and Chemistry”, Prentice-Hall Inc., 1990.

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SEMESTER II
Course Code: CHEM-7206
Course Title: Organic Polymer Chemistry
Credit hours: 03
COURSE CONTENTS:

Introduction to Polymer Chemistry, Polymerization. Step growth and Addition

polymerisation, Zielger-Natta Coordination polymerization, Co-polymerization.
Molecular forces and Chemical bonding in polymers. Stereochemistry of polymers.
Characterization of polymers. Polymer degradation and stability, types of degradation.
Theories of polymer solutions. Polymer structure and mechanical properties.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS:

i- Introduction to Polymer Chemistry

Charles E. Carraher Jr.
ii- Text Book Of Polymer Sciences
Fred W. Billmeyer. Jr.
iii- Introductory Polymer Chemistry
G. S. Mishra
iv- Text Book of Polymer
S. Chand, M. S. Bhat Nagar
v- Principles of Polymer Chemistry
Paul J. Flory

Course Code: CHEM-7102

Course Title: Principles Of Biochemical Processes
Credit hours: 03
COURSE CONTENTS:

A. Up Stream Processing
a) Microorganisms of Industrial importance

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 b) Asceptic Techniques
c) Isolation and Purification Maintenance of Microorganisms
d) Fermentation and Fermentors
e) Fermentation MediaFormulation and optimization
f) Fermentation Kinetics
g) Biotechnological productions
i. Solvents e.g. Ethanol, Acetone and Butanol etc.
ii. Industrial Enzymes
iii. Pharmaceutics e.g. Antibiotics and Harmones etc.
iv. Organic acids and Amino acids
v. Electricity
vi. Biofuels

B. Down Stream Processing

a) General Introduction to Protein Biochemistry
Protein structure, charge, size, specific binding, solubility, membrane-bound
proteins, cytoplasmic (soluble) proteins
b) Purification Strategies
Introduction to protein purification, General Guidelines for down stream
processing, three-phase purification strategies
c) Techniques in Bimolecular purification: Column Chromatographies &
electrophoresis
d) Protocol for cellular proteins
Membrane preparation, solubilization techniques, dialysis, fractionation,
chromatographic separations, purity check, characterization techniques
e) Advanced techniques
FPLC-systems, Biosensors, Protein chip, Introduction of proteomics
Microfiltration, ultrafiltration, diafiltration.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS:

1. Principles of Fermentation Technology

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 by Stanbury
2. Fermentation Microbiology and Biotechnology
by El-Mansi
3. Biochemistry (Mosby International Edition)
by James M Orten and Otto W. Neuhah
4. Fundamentals of Biochemistry
By Donald Voet and Judith G. Voet
5. Modern Protein Chemistry: Practical Aspect
By Gary C Howard and William E.
6. Biochemistry
by Albert L. Lehninger
7. Advances In Protein Chemistry
By Christian Anfinsen, John Edsall, Frederic Richards and David Eisenberg,

Course Code: CHEM-7209

Course Title: Nano Chemistry
Credit hours: 03
COURSE CONTENTS:

Nanotechnology, nanomaterials, mesoporous, microporous and macroporous materials.

Nanoscale, Nanometer, Nanoparticles, Nanotubes, Thin films, Nanocomposites,
Nanostructured bulk materials.
Synthesis of nanoparticles, mesoporous materials and composites (Bottom Up and Top
Down Production). Synthesis by anodization, hydrothermal, convention heating,
deposition-precipiation methods.
Characterization of nanomaterials by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron
Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Brunauer, Emmett and
Teller (BET) adsorption method, Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Atomic
Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and Fourier
Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy etc.

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Importance of nanotechnology with special reference to environmental pollution, gas
sensors, solar cells, catalysis.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS:

i- G.B. Sergeev, “Nanochemistry” Elsevier, The Netherlands (2006)

ii- Augus I Kirkland and John L Hutchison “Nanocharacterisation” The Royal
Society of Chemistry, UK (2007).
iii- R.E. Hester and R.M. Harrison,“Nanotechnology: Consequences for Human
Health and the Environment” The Royal Society of Chemistry, UK (2007)
iv- Hideo Hosono, Kenneth MacKenzie, Yoshinao Mishima, Hideo Takezoe, “
Nanomaterials” Elsevier Science Ltd, (2006

Course Code: CHEM-7204

Course Title: Environmental Chemistry
Credit hours: 03
COURSE CONTENTS:

(A). COMMONALITEIS IN ENVIRONMENT

The nature and composition of human environment, Relationship between
environment, development and population. Elements of Environmental Management and
Regulatory System in Pakistan (NEQS. Institutional Pollution Charge). Introduction to
Agenda-21, ISO 14000 Sustainable Development. Cleaner Production, 5Rs Concept,
Environmental Impact Assessment, Climate change, Ozone depletion, Acid rain and Acid
precipitation.
(B). WATER POLLUTION
Sources of water pollution (industrial, sewage and agriculture), point and non-
point source pollution, , Important parameters of water pollution monitoring, Wastewater
treatment practices in Pakistan.
(C). ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY:
The nature and composition of the atmosphere. The oxides of carbon, sulphur and
nitrogen in the atmosphere. Particulate matter and minor inorganic pollutants in the
atmosphere, atmospheric monitoring and chemical toxicology.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS:

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1-Environmental Chemistry by Anil Kumar Volume-VI
2-Textbook of environmental chemistry by M., Mehra, O.D Tyagi
3-Principles of environmental chemistry by Geetha, Swanminathan, H Kothandaraman
4-Environmental chemistry by Ian Williams
5-An introduction to environmental chemistry by J.E. Andrews, P Brimblecombe, T.D.
Jickells
6-Environmental chemistry by Stanley E. Manahan
7-Introduction to Atmospheric Chemistry by Daniel J Jacob
8- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, From Air Pollution to Climate Change Second
Edition

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Course Code: CHEM-7210
Course Title: Instrumental Analysis (A practical Course)
Credit hours: 03
COURSE CONTENTS:

1. Crystal structure determination of Organic and Inorganic

compounds by Single Crystal Diffraction Technique
2. Quantitative determination of C,H,N and S in a given
sample by using Elemental Analyzer
3. Estimation of metals by using Atomic absorption
spectrophotometry
4. Extraction of oil from the pericarp of some citrus
fruits/Fennel and their GC-MS analysis
5. Assay of drugs by using High Performance Liquid
Chromatography
6. Purifications of serum proteins by Fast Protein Liquid
Chromatography
7. Purity determination of active pharmaceuticals drugs by
spectrophotometry

RECOMMENDED BOOKS:

1) Crystal Structure determination By Werner Massa

2) An introduction to X-Ray Crystallography By Michael M Woolfson
3) Analytical Chemistry By Gary D. Christan
4) Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry By Douglas A Skoog

Course Title: Gene Technology

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Course Code: Chem 7211
Crédit Horus : 03
COURSE CONTENTS:

DNA finger printing: DNA profiling process, RFLP Analysis, PCR Analysis, DNA
family relationship analysis, Y-chromosome analysis, mitochondrial analysis, DNA
database, evidences of genetic relationship. Gene mapping: physical mapping, disease
association, genome mapping, quantitative trait locus. DNA sequencing: Maxam–
Gilbert sequencing, chain termination methods, dye terminator sequencing,
challenges, automotion and sample preparation, Large-scale sequencing strategies,
new sequencing methods, in vitro clonal amplification, parallelized sequencing,
sequencing by ligation, microfluidic sanger sequencing, major landmarks in DNA
sequencing. Molecular cloning: recombinase-based cloning, restriction/ligation
cloning, isolation of insert, transformation, transfection, genetic engineering, gene
therapy, cloning cells and animals.Gene chip technology: principle, uses and types,
fabrication, spotted vs. in situ synthesized arrays, two-channel vs. one-channel
detection, microarrays and bioinformatics, experimental design, standardization,
statistical analysis, relation between probe and gene mutagenesis.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS:

Principles Of Fermentation Technology

by Stanbury
Fermentation Microbiology and Biotechnology
by El-Mansi
Biochemistry (Mosby International Edition)
by James M Orten and Otto W. Neuhah
Fundamentals of Biochemistry
By Donald Voet and Judith G. Voet
Modern Protein Chemistry: Practical Aspect
By Gary C Howard and William E.
Biochemistry
by Albert L. Lehninger
Advances In Protein Chemistry
By Christian Anfinsen, John Edsall, Frederic Richards and David Eisenberg,

Course Code: CHEM-7207

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Course Title: Biosynthesis of Natural Products
Credit hours: 03
COURSE CONTENTS:

General Classification of Natural Products. Polyketide, Mevalonate and Shikimate metabolic pathways.
Biosynthesis of fatty acids, prostaglandins, polyacetylenes, polyketide aromatic
compounds, biosynthesis of terpenes and steroids, compounds derived from shikimic
acid, biosynthesis of alkaloids from amino acids; biosynthesis of other amino-acid
derived compounds (e.g. penicillin), biosynthesis of commercially important natural
products (antibiotics, perfumery products, alkaloids, etc).

RECOMMENDED BOOKS:

1. Sujata V. Bhat, Bhimson A. Nagasampagi, Meenakshi Sivakumar; Chemistry of

Natural Products, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi, (2005).
2. I. L. Finar; Organic Chemistry, Vol. 2: Stereochemistry and the Chemistry of Natural
Products, Fifth Edition, Dorling Kindersley, Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, (2008).
3. Charles R. Craig, Robert E. Stitzel, Modern Pharmacology with Clinical Application,
5th Edition, Morgantown, (2005).
4. J. Mann, Secondary Metabolism, 2nd Edition, Oxford University Press, New Yark,
(1987).
5. Andrew Pengelly, The Constituents of Medicinal Plants, An Introdction to the
Chemistry and Therapeutics of Herbal Medicine, 2nd Edition, CABI Publishing, USA,
(2004).
6. James R Hanson, Chemistry and Medicines, An Introductory Text, RSC Publishing,
UK, (2006).

Course Code: CHEM-7212

Course Title: Advanced Chemical Kinetics
Credit hours: 03
Course Outlines:

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Theories of electron transfer reactions. Enzyme Kinetics, Rate Order, Mechanistic
aspects of Kinetics. Advanced application of Kinetics, Electron transfer processes,
Kinetics of electron transfer reactions. Marcus theory of Electron transfer, Derivation of
Marcus theory, Frontier Molecular Orbital Theory in electron transfer reactions,
Temperature effect, pressure effects and the volume of activation on the rate of reaction.
Transition state theory and its applications, solvent effects, salt effects, kinetic isotope
effects. Composite rate constants mechanism, Enzymatic processes involving electron
transfer and their kinetics
Reference Books for Chemical Kinetics

i- Kenneth Sauer, James Z. Wang,

Physical Chemistry: Principles and Applications in Biological Sciences.
4th Edition. 2001. Prentice Hall. New York.
ii- Ira N. Levine.
Physical Chemistry. 5th Edition. McGraw Hill. 2001. New York.
iii- Atkins, Peter W.
Physical Chemistry. Vol 1 & 2. 9th Edition. 2010. W. H. Freeman. New York
iv- Horia Metiu.
Physical Chemistry – Kinetics. 2006. Taylor & Francis. UK
v- Paul F. Cook and W.W. Cleland.
Enzyme Kinetics and Mechanism. 2007. Garland Science. New
York
vi- James House
Principles of Chemical Kinetics. 2nd Edition. 2007. Elsevir. The Netherlands

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