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SYLLABUS – CRIMINAL LAW II

(1st Semester, School Year 2020-2021)
HON. BENJAMIN T. POZON
(Professor)

BOOK TWO – CRIMES AND PENALTIES

I. TITLE ONE – CRIMES AGAINST NATIONAL SECURITY AND THE LAW OF NATIONS

A. Chapter One – Crimes Against National Security

1. Section One – Treason and Espionage
a. Treason (Article 114, RPC)
 Crisologo vs. People of the Philippines, et al., G.R. No. L-6277, February 26, 1954;
 People vs. Bernardino, G.R. L-3607, August 27, 1953;
 Republic Act No. 7659, An Act To Impose The Death Penalty On Certain Heinous
Crimes, Amending For That Purpose The Revised Penal Laws, As Amended, Other Special
Penal Laws, And For Other Purposes - December 20, 1993;
b. Conspiracy and Proposal to Commit Treason (Article 115, RPC)
 Non-Applicability of Section 1 of Act No. 4103 (The Indeterminate Sentence Law) to
Treason
 Conspiracy and Proposal to Commit Treason
 Misprision of Treason and Espionage, among others.
 Asked under Question No. 14 of the 2012 Bar Examinations in Criminal Law.
 Asked under Question No. V of the 2013 Bar Examinations in Criminal Law.
c. Misprision of Treason (Article 116, RPC)
 Asked under Question No. 52 of the 2011 Bar Examinations in Criminal Law.
d. Espionage (Article 117, RPC)
 Executive Order No. 350 dated March 13, 1989 (Providing Guidelines in the Processing of
Amnesty Manifestation Forms of Rebel Returnees) includes treason, conspiracy and proposal to
commit treason, misprision of treason and espionage, among other crimes, in the Amnesty
Program under Proclamation No. 80 dated February 28, 1987, as amended by Proclamation
No. 138 dated August 11, 1987 and Executive Order No. 103 dated December 24, 1986
(National Reconciliation and Development Program).
 People vs. Echegaray, G.R. No. 117472, February 7, 1997 stated that the list of capital
offenses where death penalty is provided by law, which include treason, conspiracy and
proposal to commit treason, espionage, lengthened.
 Under Republic Act No. 9 dated September 2, 1946 (The Republic of the Philippines Military
Assistance Act) violation of Section 3 thereof constitutes Espionage under
Commonwealth Act No. 616 (the Espionage Law).
 Under Section 3, Republic Act No. 4200 (The Anti-Wire Tapping Act), those who conducted
wire-tapping authorized under the Order of a Court is not criminally liable for violation of
C.A. No. 616.
 Under Section 1, Republic Act No. 304 dated June 18, 1948 persons who were found guilty
of treason, espionage, among others, are not entitled to their salaries, emoluments, fees, per
diems, compensations or wages as have not been received by them by reason of the war.
2. Section Two - Provoking War and Disloyalty in Case of War
a. Inciting to War or Giving Motives for Reprisal (Article 118, RPC)
b. Violation of Neutrality (Article 119, RPC)
c. Correspondence with Hostile Country (Article 120, RPC)
d. Flight to Enemy’s Country (Article 121, RPC)

B. Chapter Two – Crimes Against the Law of Nations

3. Section Three – Piracy and Mutiny on the High Seas and Philippine Waters
a. Piracy in General and Mutiny on the High Seas or in Philippine Waters (Article 122, RPC)
b. Qualified Piracy (Article 123, RPC)

II. TITLE TWO - CRIMES AGAINST THE FUNDAMENTAL LAWS OF THE STATE

A. Chapter One – Arbitrary Detention or Expulsion, Violation of Dwelling, Prohibition, Interruption, and Dissolution of
Peaceful Meetings and Crimes Against Religious Worship
1. Section One – Arbitrary Detention and Expulsion
a. Arbitrary Detention (Article 124, RPC)
b. Delay in the Delivery of Detained Persons to the Proper
Judicial Authorities (Article 125, RPC)
c. Delaying Release (Article 126, RPC)
d. Expulsion (Article 127, RPC)
2. Section Two – Violation of Domicile (and Search Warrants)
a. Violation of Domicile (Article 128, RPC)
b. Search Warrants Maliciously Obtained, and Abuse in the Service of Those Legally Obtained (Article
129, RPC)
c. Searching Domicile Without Witnesses (Article 130, RPC)
3. Section Three – Prohibition, Interruption and Dissolution of Peaceful Meetings
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a. Prohibition, Interruption and Dissolution of Peaceful Meetings (Article 131, RPC)

4. Section Four – Crimes Against Religious Worship
a. Interruption of Religious Worship (Article 132, RPC)
b. Offending the Religious Feelings (Article 133, RPC)

III. TITLE THREE – CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC ORDER

A. Chapter One – Rebellion, Coup D’etat, Sedition and Disloyalty

a. Rebellion or Insurrection (How Committed) (Article 134, RPC)
b. Coup D’etat (How Committed) (Article 134-A, RPC)
c. Penalty for Rebellion, Insurrection or Coup D-etat (Article 135, RPC)
d. Conspiracy to Commit Rebellion, Insurrection or Coup D’etat (Article 136)
e. Disloyalty of Public Officers or Employees (Article 137, RPC)
f. Inciting to Rebellion or Insurrection (Article 138, RPC)
g. Sedition (How Committed) (Article 139, RPC)
h. Penalty for Sedition (Article 140, RPC)
i. Conspiracy to Commit Sedition (Article 141, RPC)
j. Inciting to Sedition (Article 142, RPC)
B. Chapter Two - Crimes Against Popular Representation
1. Section One – Crimes Against Legislative Bodies and Similar Bodies
a. Acts Tending to Prevent the Meeting of the Assembly and Similar Bodies (Article 143, RPC)
b. Disturbance of Proceedings (Article 144, RPC)
2. Section Two – Violation of Parliamentary Immunity
a. Violation of Parliamentary Immunity (Article 145, RPC)
C. Chapter Three – Illegal Assemblies and Associations
a. Illegal Assemblies (Article 146, RPC)
b. Illegal Associations (Article 147, RPC)
D. Chapter Four –Assault Upon, and Resistance and Disobedience to Person in Authority or Their Agents
a. Direct Assaults (Article 148, RPC)
b. Indirect Assaults (Article 149, RPC)
c. Disobedience to Summons (Issued by the National Assembly, its Committees, Sub-Committees, by the
Constitutional Commissions, its Committees, Sub-Committees or Divisions) (Article 150, RPC)
d. Resistance and Disobedience to a Person in Authority or the Agents of Such Person (Article 151, RPC)
e. Persons in Authority and Agents of Such Persons in Authority – Who Shall Be Deemed As Such (Article 152,
RPC)
E. Chapter Five – Public Disorders
a. Tumults and Other Disturbances of Public Order – Tumultuous Disturbance or Interruption Liable to
Cause Disturbance (Article 153, RPC)
b. Unlawful Use of Means of Publication and Unlawful Utterances (Article 154, RPC)
c. Alarms and Scandals (Article 155, RPC)
d. Delivering Prisoners from Jail (Article 156, RPC)
F. Chapter Six – Evasion of Service of Sentence
a. Evasion of Service of Sentence (Article 157, RPC)
b. Evasion of Service of Sentence on the Occasion of Disorders, Conflagrations, Earthquakes and Other
Calamities (Article 158, RPC)
c. Other Cases of Evasion of Service of Sentence (Article 159, RPC)
G. Chapter Seven – Commission of Another Crime During the Service of the Penalty Imposed for Another Previous
Offense
a. Commission of Another Crime During the Service of the Penalty Imposed for Another Previous
Offense (Penalty) (Article160, RPC)

IV. TITLE FOUR – CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC INTEREST

A. Chapter One - Forgeries

1. Section One – Forging the Seal of the Government of the Philippines, the signature or stamp of the Chief
Executive
a. Counterfeiting the Great Seal of the Government of the Philippines, forging the signature or stamp of
the Chief Executive (Article 161, RPC)
b. Using Forged Signature or Counterfeit Seal or Stamp (Article 162, RPC)
2. Section Two – Counterfeiting Coins
a. Making and Importing and Uttering False Coins (Article 163)
b. Mutilation of Coins – Importation and Utterance of Mutilated Coins (Article 164)
c. Selling of False or Mutilated Coin, Without Connivance (Article 165)
3. Section Three – Forging Treasury or Bank Notes, Obligations and Securities, Importing and Uttering False or
Forged Coins, Obligations and Securities
a. Forging Treasury or Bank Notes or Other Documents Payable to Bearer, Importing, and Uttering
Such False or Forged Notes and Documents (Article 166)
b. Counterfeiting, importing and Uttering Instruments Not Payable to Bearer (Article 167)
c. Illegal Possession and Use of False Treasury or Bank Notes and Other Instruments of Credit (Article
168)
d. How Forgery is Committed (Article 169)
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4.Section Four – Falsification of Legislative, Public, Commercial, and Private Documents, and Wireless, Telegraph,
and Telephone Messages
a. Falsification of Legislative Documents (Article 170)
b. Falsification by Public Officer, Employee or Notary or Ecclesiastical Minister (Article 171)
(i) Office of the Ombudsman vs. Santidad, G.R. No. 207154;
(ii) Santidad vs. People, G.R. No. 222046, Dec. 5, 2019 – Violation of Article 171 and R.A. No. 3019 (Petition
partly granted - Violation of Article171 reversed and set aside, but accused found guilty of Gross
Neglect of Duty);
(iii) Co, et al. vs. People, G.R. No. 233015, Oct. 16, 2019 – Estafa (No complex crime of Falsification of
Private Documents and Estafa; conviction reversed and set aside; accused acquitted for failure of the
prosecution to prove guilt beyond doubt);
(iv) BDO Life Assurance, Inc. vs. Palad, G.R. No. 237845, Oct. 16, 2019 – Attempted Estafa thru
Falsification of Public Documents (finding of probable cause by the Court of Appeals affirmed)
c. Falsification by Private Individuals and Use of Falsified Documents (Article 172)
d. Falsification of Wireless, Telegraph and Telephone Messages and Use of Said Falsified Messages
(Article 173)
5. Section Five – Falsification of Medical Certificates, Certificates of Merit or Service, and the Like
a. False Medical Certificates, False Certification of Merits or Service, etc. (Article 174)
b. Using False Certificates (Article 175)
6. Section Six – Manufacturing, Importing and Possession of Instruments or Implements Intended for the
Commission of Falsification
a. Manufacturing and Possession of Instruments or Implements for Falsification (Article 176)
B. Chapter Two – Other Falsities
1. Section One – Usurpation of Authority, Rank, Title and Improper Use of Names, Uniforms, and Insignia
a. Usurpation of Authority or Official Function (Article 177)
b. Using Fictitious Name and Concealing True Name (Article 178)
c. Illegal Use of Uniforms and Insignias (Article 179)
2. Section Two – False Testimony
a. False Testimony Against a Defendant (Article 180)
b. False Testimony Favorable to the Defendant (Article 181)
c. False Testimony in Civil Cases (Article 182)
d. False Testimony in Other Cases and Perjury in Solemn Affirmation (Article 183)
e. Offering False Testimony in Evidence (Article 184)
C. Chapter Three – Frauds
1. Section One – Machinations, Monopolies and Combinations
a. Machinations in Public Auction (Article 185)
b. Monopolies and Combinations in Restraint of Trade (Article 186)
2. Section Two – Frauds in Commerce and Industry
a. Importation and Disposition of Falsely Marked Articles of Merchandise Made of Gold, Silver or Other
Precious Metals or Their Alloys (Article 187)
b. Substituting and Altering Trademarks, Trade Names, or Service Marks (Article 188)
c. Unfair Competition, Fraudulent Registration of Trade Names, Trademark, or Service Mark,
Fraudulent Designation of Origin, and False Description (Article 189)

V. TITLE FIVE – CRIMES RELATIVE TO OPIUM AND OTHER PROHIBITED DRUGS

Articles 190, 191, 192 and 193 of the Revised Penal Code are repealed by Republic Act No. 6425, known as
“The Dangerous Drugs Act of 1972”, which took effect on March 30, 1972 (Sec. 42), as amended by P.D. No.
1683 and further amended by R.A. No. 7659, An Act To Impose The Death Penalty On Certain Heinous Crimes
and Republic Act No. 9165, the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002,
 People vs. Sali, G.R. No. 236596, Jan. 29, 2020 – Violation
 of Secs. 5 and 11, Article II, R.A. No. 9165 (Conviction reversed for failure to prove guilt beyond
reasonable doubt);
 Edangalino vs. People, G.R. No. 235110, Jan. 8, 2020 –Violation of Sec. 11, Art. II, R.A. No. 9165
(Conviction reversed);
 People vs. Divinagracia, Jr., et al., G.R. No. 240230, Nov. 28, 2019 – Violation Sec. 5, Art. II, R.A. 9165
Conviction reversed);
 People vs. De Motor, et al., G.R. No. 245486, Nov. 27, 2019 – Violation of Secs. 5 and 11, Art. II, R.A.
No. 9165 (Conviction reversed);
 People vs. Santos, etc., G.R. No. 243627, Nov. 27, 2019 – Violation of Secs. 5 and 11, Art. II, R.A. No.
9165 (Conviction reversed);
 People vs. Sta. Cruz, G.R. No. 244256, Nov. 25, 2019 – Violation of Secs. 5 and 11, Art. II, R.A. No.
9165 (Conviction reversed);
 People vs. Sendad, G.R. No. 242025, Nov. 20, 2019 – Violation of Secs. 5 and 11, Art. II, R.A. No. 9165
(Conviction reversed);
 People vs. Luminda, G.R. No. 229661, Nov. 20, 2019 – Violation of Sec. 5, Art. II, R.A. No. 9165
(Conviction reversed);
 People vs. Angeles, G.R. No. 224223, Nov. 20, 2019 – Violation of Sec. 5, Art. II, R.A. No. 9165
(Conviction reversed);
 People vs. Grefaldo, G.R. No. 246362, Nov. 11, 2019 – Violation of Sec. 11, Art. II, R.A. No. 9165
(Conviction reversed);
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 People vs. Vertudes, et al., G.R. No. 220725, Oct. 15, 2019 – Violation of Secs. 5 and 11, Art. II, R.A. No.
9165 (Conviction reversed);
 People vs. Mesa, G.R. No. 241135, Oct. 14, 2019 – Violation of Sec. 11, Art. II, R.A. No. 9165
(Conviction reversed);
 People vs. Padas, G.R. No. 244327, Oct. 14, 2019 – Violation of Sec. 11, Art. II, R.A. No. 9165
(Conviction reversed);
 People vs. Lacdan, et al., G.R. No. 208472, Oct. 14, 2019 – Violation of
 Sec. 5, R.A. No. 9165 (Conviction reversed);
 People vs. Telen, G.R. No. 228107, Oct. 9, 2019 – Violation of Sec. 11, R.A No. 9165 (Conviction
reversed);
 People vs. Addin, G.R. No. 223682, Oct. 9, 2019 – Violation of Sec. 5, Art. II, R.A. No. 9165 (Conviction
reversed);
 People vs. Doria, G.R. No. 227854, Oct. 9, 2019 – Violation of Secs. 5 and 11, Art. II, R.A. No. 9165
(Conviction reversed)
 People vs. Esguerra, G.R. No. 243986, Jan. 22, 2020 – Violation of Sec. 5, Art. II, R.A. No. 9165
(Conviction affirmed);
 People vs. De Dios, G.R. No. 243664, Jan. 22, 2020 – Violation Secs. 5 and 11, Art. II, R.A. No. 9165
(Conviction affirmed);
 People vs. Amago, et al., G.R. No. 227739, Jan. 15, 2020 – Violation of Sec. 5, Art. II, R.A No. 9165
(Conviction affirmed);
 People vs. Macaspac, et al., G.R. No. 246165 – Violation of Sec. 5, R.A. No. 9165 (Conviction affirmed);
 People vs. Tecson, G.R. No. 243786, Oct. 9, 2019 – Violation of Sec. 5, Art. II, R.A. No. 9165 (Conviction
affirmed);
Article 194?

VI. TITLE SIX – CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC MORALS

A. Chapter One – Gambling and Betting

a. What Acts Are Punishable As Gambling (Article 195)
b. Importation, Sale and Possession of Lottery Tickets or
Advertisements (Article 196)
c. Betting in Sports Contests (Article 197)
d. Illegal Betting on Horse Races (Article 198)
e. Illegal Cockfighting (Article 199)
B. Chapter Two – Offenses Against Decency and Good Customs
a. Grave Scandal (Article 200)
b. Immoral Doctrines, Obscene Publications and Exhibitions and Indecent Shows (Article 201)
c. Vagrants and Prostitutes – Penalty (Article 202)

VII. TITLE SEVEN – CRIMES COMMITTED BY PUBLIC OFFICERS

A. Chapter One – Preliminary Provisions

a. Who Are Public Officers (Article 203)
(i) People vs. Sandiganbayan, et al., G.R. No. 240776, Nov. 20, 2019 – Violation of Sec. 3(e) and (g) of R.A.
No. 3019; Violation of Sec. 46, Rule 10 of the Revised Rules on Administrative Cases in the Civil
Service (gross neglect of duty, inefficiency, incompetence in the performance of official duty and
conduct prejudicial to the best interest of the service) (Petition for certiorari granted; Resolution of
Sandiganbayan dismissing the case annulled and set aside for grave abuse of discretion; case
remanded to Sandigan-bayan to resolve with due and deliberate dispatch);
(ii) Rivera, et al. vs. People, G.R. No. 228154, Oct. 16, 2019 – Violation of Section 3(e), R.A. No. 3019,
otherwise known as the Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act, (Petition for review on certiorari
granted; conviction reversed; accused acquitted);
(iii) Daquioag vs. Ombudsman, G.R. No. 228509, Oct. 14, 2019 – R.A. No. 6770; Grave Misconduct (Decision
and Resolution of the Court of Appeals reversed and set aside; complaint against Daquioag for grave
misconduct dismissed);
(iv) San Felix vs. Civil Service Commission, G.R. No. 198404, Oct. 14, 2019 – Dishonesty (Petition denied;
decision and resolution of the CA affirmed with modification);
(v) Farres, et al. vs. De Rivera, etc., A.M. No. RTJ-16-2462, Oct. 14, 2019 – Violation of R.A. No. 3019 and
Code of Judicial Conduct; undue delay in rendering judgment (respondent found guilty)
(vi) Cruz vs. People; Dela Cruz, et al. vs. People, G.R. No. 197142 & 19753, Oct. 9, 2019 – Violation of R.A.
No. 3019 (Conviction reversed; case dismissed due to death of accused);
(vii) Saycon vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 238822, Oct. 9, 2019 – Grave Misconduct (Resolution of CA
nullified and set aside);
(viii) Martinez III, et al. vs. People, et al., G.R. No. 232574, Oct. 1, 2019 – Violation of Sec. 3(e), R.A. No. 3019
(Criminal case dismissed due to inordinate delay and violation of the right to speedy disposition of
cases)

B. Chapter Two – Malfeasance and Misfeasance in Office

1. Section One – Dereliction of Duty
a. Knowingly Rendering Unjust Judgment (Article 204)
b. Judgment Rendered Through Negligence (Article 205)
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c. Unjust Interlocutory Order (Article 206)

d. Malicious Delay in the Administration of Justice (Article 207)
(i) Farres, et al. vs. De Rivera, etc., A.M. No. RTJ-16-2462, Oct. 14, 2019 – Violation of R.A. No. 3019 and
Code of Judicial Conduct; undue delay in rendering judgment (respondent found guilty)
e. Prosecution of Offenses, Negligence and Tolerance (Article 208)
f. Betrayal of Trust by an Attorney or Solicitor – Revelation of Secrets (Article 209)
2. Section Two – Bribery
a. Direct Bribery (Article 210)
(i) Catubao vs. Sandiganbayan, et al., G.R. No. 227371, Oct. 2, 2019 – Direct Bribery (Conviction reversed
and set aside; accused acquitted)
b. Indirect Bribery (Article 211)
c. Qualified Bribery (Article 211-A)
d. Corruption of Public Official (Article 212)
C. Chapter Three – Frauds and Illegal Exactions and Transactions
a. Frauds Against the Public Treasury and Similar Offenses (Article 213)
b. Other Frauds (Article 214)
c. Prohibited Transactions (Article 215)
d. Possession of Prohibited Interest by a Public Officer (Article 216)
D. Chapter Four – Malversation of Public Funds or Property
a. Malversation of Public Funds or Property – Presumption
of Malversation (Article 217)
(i) Maligalig vs. Sandiganbayan, et al., G.R. No. 236293, Dec. 10, 2019 – Violation of Sec. 3, R.A. No. 3019
and Malversation of Public Funds through Falsification of Public Document (Article 217 in relation to
par. 4 of Article 48) – Petition for certiorari denied; Motion to Quash or to Suspend Proceedings and
Motion for Reconsideration denied)
b. Failure of Accountable Officer to Render Accounts (Article 218)
c. Failure of a Responsible Public Officer to Render Accounts Before Leaving the Country (Article 219)
d. Illegal Use of Public Funds or Property (Article 220)
 Fernandez vs. Commission on Audit, G.R. No. 205389, November 19, 2019 – Illegal
Disbursements (for filing
 of administrative and criminal charges against the officials responsible for illegal
disbursements);
 Alejandrino, et al. vs. Commission on Audit, et al., G.R. No. 245400, Nov. 12, 2019 – Illegal
Disbursements (Resolution of COA affirmed with modification; petitioners not personally
liable to refund disallowed amount);
 Catu-Lopez, etc. vs. Commission on Audit, G.R. No. 217997, Nov. 12, 2019 – Illegal
Disbursements (Petition granted; liability of accused reversed and set aside)
e. Failure to Make Delivery of Public Funds or Property (Article 221)
f. Officers Included in the Preceding Provisions (Article 222)
E. Chapter Five – Infidelity of Public Officers
1. Section One – Infidelity in the Custody of Prisoners
a. Conniving With or Consenting to Evasion (Article 223)
b. Evasion Through Negligence (Article 224)
c. Escape of Prisoner Under the Custody of a Person Not a Public Officer (Article 225)
2. Section Two – Infidelity in the Custody of Documents
a. Removal, Concealment or Destruction of Documents (Article 226)
b. Officer Breaking Seal (Article 227)
c. Opening of Closed Documents (Article 228)
3. Section Three - Revelation of Secrets
a. Revelation of Secrets by an Officer (Article 229)
b. Public Officer Revealing Secrets of Private Individuals (Article 230)
F. Chapter Six – Other Offenses or Irregularities of Public Officers
1. Section One – Disobedience, Refusal of Assistance, and Maltreatment of Prisoners
a. Open Disobedience (Article 231)
b. Disobedience to Order of Superior Officer, When Said Order was Suspended by Inferior Officer
(Article 232)
c. Refusal of Assistance (Article 233)
d. Refusal to Discharge Elective Office (Article 234)
e. Maltreatment of Prisoners (Article 235)
2. Section Two – Anticipation, Prolongation, and Abandonment of the Duties and Powers of Public Office
a. Anticipation of Duties of a Public Officer (Article 236)
b. Prolonging Performance of Duties and Powers (Article 237)
c. Abandonment of Office or Position (Article 238)
3. Section Three – Usurpation of Power and Unlawful Appointments
a. Usurpation of Legislative Powers (Article 239)
b. Usurpation of Executive Functions (Article 240)
c. Usurpation of Judicial Functions (Article 241)
d. Disobeying Request for Disqualification (Article 242)
e. Orders or Requests by Executive Officers to any Judicial Authority (Article 243)
f. Unlawful Appointments (Article 244)
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(i) Saldivar-Perez vs. Sandiganbayan, et al., G.R. No. 204739, Nov. 13, 2019 – Unlawful Appointment
(Resolution of the Sandiganbayan reversed and set aside criminal case against accused dismissed for
violation of the right to speedy trial)
4. Section Four – Abuses Against Chastity
a. Abuses Against Chastity - Penalties (Article 245)

VIII. TITLE EIGHT – CRIMES AGAINST PERSONS

A. Chapter One – Destruction of Life

1. Section One – Parricide, Murder, Homicide
a. Parricide (Article 246)
b. Death or Physical Injuries Inflicted Under Exceptional Circumstances (Article 247)
c. Murder (Article 248)
 People vs. Maron, et al., G.R. No. 232339, Nov. 20, 2019 – Murder (Conviction affirmed with
modification on the amount of damages);
 People vs. Dela Cruz, G.R. No. 227997, Oct. 16, 2019 – Murder (Appeal granted; qualifying
circumstance of treachery or alevosia not proven beyond reasonable doubt; conviction for
Murder reduced to Homicide);
 People vs. Padal, Jr., et al., G.R. No. 232070, Oct. 2, 2019 – Murder (Appeal denied; conviction
affirmed);
d. Homicide (Article 249)
(i) Patungan, Jr. vs. People, G.R. No. 231827, Jan. 20, 2020 – Homicide (Conviction affirmed with
modification)
e. Penalty for Frustrated Parricide, Murder, or Homicide (Article 250)
(i) Patungan, Jr. vs. People, G.R. No. 231827, Jan. 20, 2020 – Homicide (Prision Mayor to Reclusion
Temporal)
f. Death Caused in a Tumultuous Affray (Article 251)
g. Physical Injuries Caused in a Tumultuous Affray (Article 252)
h. Giving Assistance to Suicide (Article 253)
i. Discharge of Firearms (Article 254)
2. Section Two – Infanticide and Abortion
a. Infanticide (Article 255)
b. Intentional Abortion (Article 256)
c. Unintentional Abortion (Article 257)
d. Abortion Practiced by the Woman Herself or Her Parents (Article 258)
e. Abortion Practiced by a Physician or Midwife and Dispensing of Abortives (Article 259)
3. Section Three – Duel
a. Responsibilities of Participants in a Duel (Article 260)
b. Challenging to a Duel (Article 261)
B. Chapter Two – Physical Injuries
a. Mutilation (Article 262)
b. Serious Physical Injuries (Article 263)
c. Administering Injurious Substances (Article 264)
d. Less Serious Physical Injuries (Article 265)
e. Slight Physical Injuries and Maltreatment (Article 266)
C. Chapter Three – Rape
a. Rape, When and How Committed (Article 266-A)
 People vs. XXX, G.R. No. 240441, Dec. 4, 2019 – Rape [Art. 266-A, pars. 1(a) and 1(d)] and
Lascivious Conduct (Violation of Sec. 5(b), Art. III, R.A. No. 7610);
 People vs. De Guzman, G.R. No. 224212, Nov. 27, 2019 – Qualified Rape, Simple Statutory
Rape, Simple Rape (Art. 266-A in rel. to Art. 266-B, RPC) (Conviction affirmed with
modification);
 People vs. Eulalio, G.R. No. 214882, Oct. 16, 2019 – Art. 266-A, as amended by Republic Act
No. 8353, otherwise known as the Law on Rape, (Statutory Rape) and Art. 336 in rel. to
Section 5(b) of Republic Act No. 7610 (Acts of Lasciviousness) (Conviction affirmed with
modification);
 People vs. Villegas, G.R. No. 218210, Oct. 9, 2019 – Rape with Homicide (Appeal dismissed;
conviction affirmed);
 People vs. XXX, G.R. No. 229677,Oct. 2, 2019 – Rape (Conviction reversed and set aside);
 People vs. Oropesa, G. R. No. 229084, Oct. 2, 2019 – Rape (Conviction reversed and set aside;
accused acquitted);
b. Penalties (Article 266-B)
c. Effect of Pardon (Article 266-C)
d. Presumptions (Article 266-D)

IX. TITLE NINE – CRIMES AGAINST PERSONAL LIBERTY AND SECURITY

 People vs. Dela Rosa, G.R. No. 227880, Nov. 6, 2019 – Violation of Secs. 4(a) in rel. to Sec. 6(a) and
Sec. 10(c), Republic Act No. 9208 (Qualified Human Trafficking) (Conviction affirmed with
modification)
A. Chapter One – Crimes Against Liberty
1. Section one – Illegal Detention
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a. Kidnapping and Serious Illegal Detention (Article 267)

b. Slight Illegal Detention (Article 268)
c. Unlawful Arrest (Article 269)
2. Section Two – Kidnapping of Minors
a. Kidnapping and Failure to Return a Minor (Article 270)
b. Inducing a Minor to Abandon His Home (Article 271)
3. Section Three – Slavery and Servitude
a. Slavery (Article 272)
b. Exploitation of Child Labor (Article 273)
c. Services Rendered Under Compulsion in Payment of Debt (Article 274)
B. Chapter Two – Crimes Against Security
1. Section One – Abandonment of Helpless Persons and Exploitation of Minors
a. Abandonment of Persons in Danger and Abandoning One’s Own Victim (Article 275)
b. Abandoning a Minor (Article 276)
c. Abandonment of Minor by Person Entrusted with His Custody; Indifference of Parents (Article 277)
d. Exploitation of Minors (Article 278)
e. Additional Penalties for Other Offenses (Article 279)
2. Section Two - Trespass to Dwelling
a. Qualified Trespass to Dwelling (Article 280)
b. Other Forms of Trespass (Article 281)
(i) Grana vs. People, G.R. No. 202111, Nov. 25, 2019 – Malicious Mischief and Other Forms of Trespass to
Dwelling (Petition partly granted; conviction for other forms of trespass reversed; conviction for
malicious mischief affirmed with modification)
3. Section Three – Threats and Coercion
a. Grave Threats (Article 282)
b. Light Threats (Article 283)
c. Bond for Good Behavior (Article 284)
d. Other Light Threats (Article 285)
e. Grave Coercions (Article 286)
f. Light Coercions (Article 287)
g. Other Similar Coercions (Compulsory Purchase of Merchandise and Payment of Wages by Means of
Tokens) (Article 288)
h. Formation, Maintenance, and Prohibition of Combination of Capital or Labor Through Violence of
Threats (Article 289)
C. Chapter Three – Discovery and Revelation of Secrets
a. Discovering Secrets Through Seizure of Correspondence (Article 290)
b. Revealing Secrets with Abuse of Office (Article 291)
c. Revelation of Industrial Secrets (Article 292)

X. TITLE TEN – CRIMES AGAINST PROPERTY

A. Chapter One – Robbery in General

a. Who are Guilty of Robbery (Article 293)
1. Section One – Robbery with Violence Against or Intimidation of Persons
a. Robbery with Violence Against or Intimidation of
Persons – Penalties (Article 294)
 People vs. Sanota, et al., G.R. No. 233659, Dec. 10, 2019 – Robbery with Homicide (Conviction
affirmed with modification)
b. Robbery with Physical Injuries Committed in an Uninhabited Place and by a Band, or with the Use of
Firearm on a Street, Road or Alley (Article 295)
c. Definition of a Band and Penalty Incurred by the Members Thereof (Article 296)
d. Attempted and Frustrated Robbery Committed Under Certain Circumstances (Article 297)
e. Execution of Dees by Means of Violence or Intimidation (Article 298)
2. Section Two – Robbery by the Use of Force Upon Things
a. Robbery in an Inhabited House or Public Building or Edifice Devoted to Worship (Article 299)
b. Robbery in an Uninhabited Place and By a Band (Article 300)
c. What is an Inhabited House, Public Building, or Building Dedicated to Religious Worship and Their
Dependencies (Article 301)
d. Robbery in an Uninhabited Place or in a Private Building (Article 302)
e. Robbery of Cereals, Fruits or Firewood in an Uninhabited Place or Private Building (Article 303)
f. Possession of Picklocks or Similar Tools (Article 304)
g. False Keys (Article 305)
B. Chapter Two – Brigandage
a. Who are Brigands – Penalty (Article 306)
b. Aiding and Abetting a Band of Brigands (Article 307)
C. Chapter Three – Theft
a. Who are Liable for Theft (Article 308)
b. Penalties (Article 309)
c. Qualified Theft (Article 310)
d. Theft of the Property of the National Library and National Museum (Article 311)
D. Chapter Four – Usurpation
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a. Occupation of Real Property or Usurpation of Real Rights in Property (Article 312)

b. Altering Boundaries or Landmarks (Article 313)
E. Chapter Five – Culpable Insolvency
a. Fraudulent Insolvency (Article 314)
F. Chapter Six – Swindling and Other Deceits
a. Swindling (Estafa) (Article 315)
(v) Co, et al. vs. People, G.R. No. 233015, Oct. 16, 2019 – Estafa (No complex crime of Falsification of
Private Documents and Estafa; conviction reversed and set aside; accused acquitted for failure of the
prosecution to prove guilt beyond doubt);
(vi) Ibanez vs. People, G.R. No. 198932, Oct. 9, 2019 – Estafa (Conviction reversed)
b. Other Forms of Swindling (Article 316)
c. Swindling a Minor (Article 317)
d. Other Deceits (Article 318)
G. Chapter Seven – Chattel Mortgage
a. Removal, Sale or Pledge of Mortgaged Property
(Article 319)
H. Chapter Eight – Arson and Other Crimes Involving Destruction
a. Destructive Arson (Article 320)
b. Other Forms of Arson (Article 321)
c. Cases of Arson not Included in the Preceding Articles (Article 322)
d. Arson of Property of Small Value (Article 323)
e. Crimes Involving Destruction (Article 324)
f. Burning One’s Own Property as Means to Commit Arson (Article 325)
g. Setting Fire to Property Exclusively Owned by the Offender (Article 326)
h. In Cases Where Death Resulted as a Consequence of Arson (Article 326-A)
I. Chapter Nine – Malicious Mischief
Section 88, Republic Act No. 10951 amended Art. 327 reducing the penalty for Malicious Mischief on account of
change of amount of damages.
a. Who are Liable for Malicious Mischief (Article 327)
(i) Grana vs. People, G.R. No. 202111, Nov. 25, 2019 – Malicious Mischief and Other Forms of Trespass
to Dwelling (Conviction affirmed with modification)
b. Special Cases of Malicious Mischief (Article 328)
c. Other Mischiefs (Article 329)
d. Damages and Obstruction to Means of Communication (Article 330)
e. Destroying or Damaging Statutes, Public Monuments, or Paintings (Article 331)
J. Chapter Ten – Exemption from Criminal Liability in Crimes Against Property
a. Persons Exempt from Criminal Liability (Article 332)

XI. CRIMES AGAINST CHASTITY

A. Chapter One – Adultery and Concubinage

a. Who are Guilty of Adultery (Article 333)
b. Concubinage (Article 334)
B. Chapter Two - [Rape and] of Lasciviousness
a. When and How Rape is Committed (Article 335)
b. Acts of Lasciviousness (Article 336)
C. Chapter Three – Seduction, Corruption of Minors, and White Slave Trade
a. Qualified Seduction (Article 337)
b. Simple Seduction (Article338)
c. Acts of Lasciviousness with the Consent of the Offended Party (Article 339)
d. Corruption of Minors (Article 340)
e. White Slave Trade (Article 341)
D. Chapter Four – Abduction
a. Forcible Abduction (Article 342)
b. Consented Abduction (Article 343)
E. Chapter Five – Provisions Relative to the Preceding Chapters of Title Eleven
a. Prosecution of Crimes of the Crimes of Adultery, Concubinage, Seduction, Abduction, Rape and Acts of
Lasciviousness (Article 344)
b. Civil Liability of Persons Guilty of Crimes Against Chastity (Article 345)
c. Liability of Ascendants, Guardians, Teachers, or Other Persons Entrusted with the Custody of the
Offended Party (Article 346)

XII. TITLE TWELVE - CRIMES AGAINST CIVIL STATUS OF PERSONS

A. Chapter One – Simulation of Birth and Usurpation of Civil Status

a. Simulation of Births, Substitution of One Child for Another, and Concealment or Abandonment of a
Legitimate Child (Article 347)
b. Usurpation of Civil Status (Article 348)
B. Chapter Two – Illegal Marriages
a. Bigamy (Article 349)
b. Marriage Contracted Against Provisions of Law
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(Article 350)
c. Premature Marriages (Article 351)
d. Performance of Illegal Marriage Ceremony (Article 352)

XIII. TITLE THIRTEEN – CRIMES AGAINST HONOR

A. Chapter One – Libel

1. Section One – Definition, Forms, and Punishment of Crime
a. Definition of Libel (Article 353)
b. Requirement of Publicity (Article 354)
c. Libel by Means of Writings and Similar Means
(Article 355)
d. Threatening to Publish and Offer to Prevent Such Publication for a Compensation (Article 356)
e. Prohibited Publication of Acts Referred to in the
Course of Official Proceedings (Article 357)
f. Slander (Article 358)
g. Slander by Deed (Article 359)
2. Section Two – General Provisions
a. Persons Responsible (Article 360)
b. Proof of Truth (Article 361)
c. Libelous Remarks (Article 362)
B. Chapter Two – Incriminatory Machination
a. Incriminating Innocent Person (Article 363)
b. Intriguing Against Honor (Article 364)

XIV. QUASI – OFFENSES

A. Sole Chapter – Criminal Negligence

a. Imprudence and Negligence (Article 365)

XV. FINAL PROVISIONS

a. Application of Laws Enacted Prior to this Code

(Article 366)
b. Repealing Clause (Article 367)