if8\jSq >Lkz'kltgfy Pj+ if8fDgfoljBf

8f= dfwjk|;fb nfld5fg]

pkk|fWofks, k"j{dLdf+;f tyf tGqljefu,
jfNdLls ljBfkL7, k|bz{gLdfu{, sf7df8f}F .

!= ljifok|j]z

eujfg\ lzjsf cg]sf}F gfddWo] >Lkz'kltgfy Pp6f k|d'v gfd xf] . j]b;+lxtf
/ a|fXd0fdf ?b|nfO{ kz' / dg'iosf /Ifs, cg]sf}F cf}ifwLsf 1ftf, ntf Pj+ jg:kltsf
b]jtf cflb eg]/ :t'lt ul/Psf]n] logL cfˆgf ls|ofsnfkåf/f kz'k jf kz'kltsf
¿kdf ;Ddflgt /x]sf] b]lvG5 . kz'kltgfynfO{ kfly{j hut\sf cwLZj/, pu| /
sNof0fdo ¿ksf ;fy} ;d:t e'jgsf dflns tyf ljZjJofkL ;Qfsf ¿kdf j]b,
pklgift\, tGq, k'/f0f cflbdf dlxdfufg ul/Psf] 5 . o;sf ;fy} k[YjL, hn, t]h,
jfo' / cfsfz¿k k~rtŒjsf] clwi7fgsf ¿kdf klg logsf] dfGotf b]lvG5 .
>Lkz'kltgfysf 5j6f d'v / ltgsf cleGg zlQmsf] sNkgf ub}{ tGq tyf cfud
u|Gyx¿df >Lkz'kltgfysf ltg} d'vx¿af6 cfˆgf cleGg zlQmx¿nfO{ lbPsf] pkb]z
g} if8fDgfoljBfsf ¿kdf k|l;4 ePsf] ljj/0f kfOG5 . o;} k|;ª\udf k|:t't n]vdf
>Lkz'kltgfysf 5j6f d'v / tGqzf:qdf plNnlvt if8fDgfoljBfsf ljifodf
;ª\If]kdf rrf{ ul/G5 .
@= >Lkz'kltgfysf] :j¿k
k~ra|Xdf]klgifb\df eujfg\ sf] x'g\ eGg] k|Zgsf] pQ/df eujfg\ ;Bf]hft,
jfdb]j, c3f]/, tTk'?if, / O{zfg x'g\ eGg] pQ/ k|fKt ePsf] 51 . log} k~ra|Xd x'g\
/ k~ra|Xdsf] ;dlGjt :j¿k g} k/dtŒj kz'kltgfy x'g\ . dfly plNnlvt ;Bf]hft
cflb k~ra|XdnfO{ :jR5GbtGqn] a|Xdf cflb k~r dxfk|]tsf ¿kdf pNn]v u/]sf] 5
. h;cg';f/ klZrdd'v ;Bf]hft a|Xdf, pQ/d'v jfdb]j lji0f', blIf0fd'v c3f]/ ?b|,
k"j{d'v tTk'?if O{Zj/ / pmWj{d'v O{zfg ;bflzj x'g\2 . ;f]xL tGqdf ;Bf]hftnfO{
CUj]b, jfdb]jnfO{ oh'j]{b, c3f]/nfO{ ;fdj]b / tTk'?ifnfO{ cyj{j]b tyf O{zfgnfO{
;j{ljBf:j¿k dflgPsf] 53 . >Lkz'kltgfysf oL kfFr d'vsf cltl/Qm ;jf{wf/:j¿k
5}7f}F d'vsf] klg sNkgf ul/Psf] 5 h;nfO{ lkr'jSq, kftfnjSq, /x:ojSq cflb
gfd lbOPsf] 5 . pQm jSq -d'v_ sfnflUg?b|sf gfdn] hflgG5 . eujfg\sf ;[li6,
l:ylt, ;+xf/, lgu|x / cg'u|x:j¿k kfFr} s[To k|nosfndf ltg} sfnflUg?b|df no
x'G5g\ . n3'kfz'ktljBfdf eujfg\ >Lkz'kltgfysf rf/j6f d'vsf] Wofg ul/G5 eg]
dWodkfz'ktljBfdf kfFrj6f d'vsf] / dxfkfz'ktljBfdf 5j6f d'vsf] Wofg ul/G5
. sfnflUg?b|:j¿k 5}7f}F d'vsf] Wofg oxL dxfkfz'ktljBfdf ul/G5 .
dxfkfz'ktljBfdf ul/g] >Lkz'kltgfysf] Wofg o; k|sf/ /x]sf] 5—
;"o{sf]l6k|tLsfz+ rGb|sf]l6;'zLtnd\ .
pQKtx]d;+sfz+ lqsf]0ff]kl/;+l:ytd\ ..

1 ))eujg\ ef] lsdfbf} ls+ hftldlt . ;Bf]hftldlt . ls+ euj Olt . c3f]/ Olt . ls+ euj Olt . jfdb]j
Olt . ls+ jf k'gl/d] euj Olt . tTk'?if Olt . ls+ jf k'gl/d] euj Olt . ;j]{iff+ lbJofgf+ k|]/lotf O{zfg Olt
.
—k~ra|Xdf]klgift\, ! .
2 ;Bf]hft:t' j} a|Xdf jfdf] lji0f'M k|sLlt{tM .
c3f]/f] ?b| OTo'Qm:tyf k'?if O{Zj/M ..
O{zfg:t' j/f/f]x] :jo+ b]jM ;bflzjM .
—:jR5GbtGq, !!.$)—$!
3 ;Bf]hft:t' CUj]bf] jfdb]jf] oh'M:d[tM .
c3f]/M ;fdj]b:t' k'?iff]˜yj{ pRot] ..
O{zfgZr ;'/>]i7M ;j{ljBfTdsM :d[tM .
—:jR5GbtGq, !!.$@—$#.!—@
 k"j]{ tKt;'j0ff{e+ zfGt+ lji0jfTdsf:osd\ .
blIf0f] e}/jf:o~r Zofd+ b|+i6«f+s'/flGjtd\ ..
IfL/s'Gb]Gb'wjn+ sfTds+ klZrdfggd\ .
pQ/] jbg+ uf}/+ uf}/Lz+s/¿ksd\ ..
h6fh"6+ rGb|r"8+ k|ltjSqlqnf]rgd\ .
pmWj]{ Hof]ltd{o+ jSq+ lzvfsf/+ tbGt/] ..
>Lrqm/fhlrXgGt' k/a|XdfTds+ lje'd\ .
gfef} sfnflUg?b|fVojbg+ k|f]HHjnfggd\ ..
kGgufe/0ff]k]t+ ?b|fIf}M ;dn+s[td\ .
gfgf/Tgf]HHjnf+u~r d'08dfnflje"if0fd\ ..
laNjkqdoLdfnf of kfbfGtfjnlDatd\ .
blIf0f}j]{bbf]b{08}/eLltbfgd'Qdd\ ..
j/b+ jfdx:t}Zr rt'le{b{wt+ lzjd\ .
Pjdi6e'h+ b]j+ ;bf iff]8zjflif{sd\ ..
vufGt/] z"GodWo] z"Gokßf]kl/l:ytd\ .
>LdTkz'klt+ Wofo]t\ ;lRrbfgGbnIf0fd\ ..4
cyf{t\ s/f]8f}F ;"o{sf] em}F k|sfz ePsf, s/f]8f}F rGb|dfsf] em}F zLtntf ePsf, cfuf]df
ttfPsf] ;'gsf] em}F j0f{ ePsf, lqsf]0f -of]lg¿k hnx/L_ dfly a;]sf, k"j{df cfuf]df
ttfPsf] ;'gsf] em}F j0f{ ePsf tyf zfGt lji0f':j¿k d'vn] o'Qm ePsf, blIf0fdf
bfx|f lgl:sPsf] sfnf] j0f{sf] e}/j¿kL d'v ePsf, klZrddf b"w, rd]nLsf] km"n /
rGb|dfem}F ;]tf] j0f{ ePsf a|Xdf:j¿k d'v ePsf, pQ/df uf}/ j0f{sf] uf}/L / zª\s/sf]
;+o'Qm :j¿k ePsf, h6fsf] h"/f] afFw]sf, lz/df rGb|df wf/0f u/]sf, x/]s d'vdf
tLg tLgj6f cfFvf ePsf, dflylt/ clUglzvf:j¿k Hof]ltd{o d'v ePsf, To;df

4 wgzdz]/ h=a=/f=, sfdsnf/x:o, k[= !!) df pb\w[t .

Jofks k/a|Xd:j¿k oGq/fh >Lrqmsf] lrXg ePsf, gfledf aln/x]sf] cfuf]h:tf]
sfnflUg?b| gfds d'v ePsf, gfu¿kL uxgf nufPsf, ?b|fIfn] cnª\s[t ePsf,
gfgf k|sf/sf uxgfn] l;Fufl/Psf] z/L/ ePsf, d'08dfnfsf] uxgf ePsf, v'6\6f;Dd
cfpg] nfdf] a]nkqsf] dfnf nufPsf, bflxg]lt/sf rf/j6f xftn] ceod'b|f wf/0f
u/]sf, afofFk6\l6sf rf/j6f xftn] j/d'b|f wf/0f u/]sf— o;k|sf/ cf7j6f xft ePsf,
;w}F ;f]x| jif]{ hjfg b]]lvg], z"Gofsfzdf z"Go:j¿k sdndfly a;]sf
;lRrbfgGb:j¿k >Lkz'kltgfysf] Wofg ug"{ .
dfly plNnlvt if8\jSq eujfg\ >Lkz'kltgfysf] Wofg g]kfnsf
>Lkz'kltgfysf] d'vlnª\usf] :j¿k;Fu x'ax' ldNb5 . Tof] s;/L eg] rf/ lbzfsf
rf/j6f d'v t dflysf] Wofg;Fu ldNg] s'/f >Lkz'kltgfysf] bz{g ug]{ hf];'s}n] klg
b]Vg ;S5 . pmWj{jSq O{zfg h;nfO{ Hof]ltd{o / >LoGq cª\lst d'v elgPsf] 5
Tof] rflxF lgTo dWofXgsfndf >Lkz'kltgfysf] pmWj{jSqdf >LoGq agfO{ pQm oGqdf
uf]Ko ¿kdf sfd]Zj/¿k >Lkz'kltgfy / pgsf] cleGg zlQm sfd]Zj/Lsf] k"hf ul/g]
k|rngn] To;nfO{ rl/tfy{ agfPsf] 5 . o;af6 g]kfnsf >Lkz'kltgfysf] d'vlnª\u
dxfkfz'ktljBfdf jl0f{t Wofg cg'¿k agfOPsf] :ki6 x'G5 To;}n] ca oxfF
dxfkfz'ktljBfsf ljifodf 5f]6f] rrf{ ug'{ k|f;ª\lus x'g cfpF5 .
>LljBf pkf;gfsf d'Vo gf}j6f qmddWo] dxfqmddf k'u]kl5 dfq} tLgj6f
kfz'ktljBf— n3' kfz'kt, dWod kfz'kt / dxf kfz'ktljBfsf] pkb]z x'G5 . o;
dxfqmddf qmd};Fu cfBfsfnL, ZofdfsfnL, blIf0fsfnL, Psh6f, gLn;/:jtL,
dxf]u|tf/f, zf/bf, afnflqk'/f, afnflqk'/;'Gb/L, l;l4nIdL, l;l4s/fnL -u'XosfnL_,
sfdsnfsfnL, pGdgL, cGgk"0ff{, e'jg]Zj/L, s'lAhsf, jL/s'lAhsf, jh|s'lAhsf,
k~rbzL, iff]8zL / dxfiff]8zLsf] dGq u|x0f u/]kl5 if8GjozfDej eP/ u'?af6
k"0ff{leif]s lnOG55 . To;kl5 dfq} dfly plNnlvt tLgj6f kfz'ktljBf u|x0f ug]{
clwsf/ k|fKt x'G5 . o;af6 s] s'/f l;4 x'G5 dxfkfz'ktljBf k|fKt ug{sf nflu
;fws >LljBfsf] dxfqmddf bLlIft x'g' clgjfo{ 5 . o;f] ePsf]n] g} >LljBfk/Dk/fdf
lgi0fft bflIf0ffTo e6\6x¿nfO{ >Lkz'kltgfysf] k|wfg cr{ssf ¿kdf lgo'Qm ug]{
k/Dk/f oxfF a;]sf] xf] .

5 wgzdz]/ h=a=/f=, qmdbLIff/x:o, k~rd k6n, k[= #&% .

 dfly jl0f{t :j¿ksf cltl/Qm cGoq klg >Lkz'kltgfysf 5j6f d'vsf] j0f{g
kfOG5 . ;f]xL ljifodf ca s]xL rrf{ ul/G5 .
@=!= ;Bf]hft
>Lkz'kltgfysf] klZrd d'v ;Bf]hftsf] :j¿k o:tf] atfOPsf] 5—
k|fn]ofdnrGb|s'Gbwjn+ uf]IfL/km]gk|e+
e:dfEoª\udgª\ub]xbxgHjfnfjnLnf]rgd\ .
a|Xd]Gb|flbd?b\u0f:t'ltk/+ CUj]bzfvfdo+ .
;Bf]hftldb+ snª\s/lxt+ :yf0ff]d'{v+ klZrdd\ ..6
lxpFh:tf] :jR5 / lgd{n j0f{ ePsf], rGb|df / rd]nLkm"nh:tf] ;]tf] ¿k ePsf],
ufO{sf] b"wsf] lkmFhh:tf] ;]tf] k|ef ePsf], e:dn]kg u/]sf] z/L/ ePsf], sfdb]jnfO{
e:d ug]{ clUgsf] Hjfnf cfFvfdf ePsf], a|Xdf, OGb| tyf d?t\ u0f cflbn] :t'lt
ul/g] ePsf], :jzfvfo'Qm C[Uj]bdo :j¿k ePsf], cToGt :jR5 ¿k ePsf]] klZrd
d'v >Lkz'kltgfysf] ;Bf]hft:j¿k xf] .
@=@= jfdb]j
>Lkz'kltgfysf] pQ/ d'v jfdb]jsf] :j¿k o:tf] atfOPsf] 5—
uf}/+ s'ª\s'dlkª\un+ ;'ltns+ Jofkf08'u08:yn+
e|"ljIf]ks6fIfjLIf0fn;t\ s0ff{]Tkn+ ;'Gb/d\ .
ofh'j]{bldb+ ;'wfk|xl;t+ gLnfnsfnª\s[t+
jfd] l;4;'/f;'/]Gb|gldt+ jSq+ /x:of]Q/d\ ..7
cyf{t\ afofF efudf cyf{t\ pQ/ lbzfdf ;]tf] j0f{ ePsf], s'ª\s'd -s];/_sf] v}/f]
rGbgsf] ltns nufPsf], ;]tf] unf ePsf], cfFvLef}F v'lDrg] u/L ss]{ gh/n] x]bf{
rlDsnf] ag]sf] ;'Gb/ s0ff]{Tkn -sfgsf] uxgf_ ePsf], cd[t¿kL xfF;f] ePsf], 3'd]sf]

6 ljBfgfy pkfWofo e6\6, tGqljBfnf]sdf pb\w[t, k[= !&& .

7 k"j{jt\ .
sfnf] skfnn] l;+ufl/Psf], l;4, ;'/, c;'/, OGb| cflbn] gd:sf/ ul/Psf] oh'j]{b:j¿k
/x:odo pQ/jSq /x]sf] 5 .
@=#= c3f]/
>Lkz'kltgfysf] blIf0f d'v c3f]/sf] :j¿k o:tf] atfOPsf] 5—
sfnfe|e|d/f~hgB'ltlge+ Jofj[Qlkª\u]If0fd\ .
s0ff{]b\efl;tef]lud:tsdl0fk|f]Gg4b+i6«fª\s'/d\ ..
;k{k|f]tskfnz'lQmzsnJofsL0f{jIff]/ud\
jGb] blIf0fdLZj/:o jbg~rfyj{0ffbf]bod\ ..8
cyf{t\ sfnf] afbn, eFd/f / ufhnh:tf] sflGt ePsf], dbn] ubf{ 3'dfp/f] b[li6n]
o'Qm v}/f] cfFvf ePsf], sfgdf rlDsPsf kmF0ffbf/ gfux¿sf] lz/sf] dl0fn] ;'zf]let
ag]sf], yf]/} bfx|f lgl:sPsf], l;lksf] vf]nh:tf] skfn ePsf] tyf To:tf] skfndf
;k{ a]l/Psf], 5ftLdf gfu /x]sf], cyj{j]b:j¿k, eujfg\ >Lkz'kltgfysf] blIf0f
d'vnfO{ gd:sf/ ub{5' .
@=$= tTk'?if
>Lkz'kltgfysf] k"j{ d'v tTk'?ifsf] :j¿k o:tf] atfOPsf] 5—
;+jtf{lUgtl8Tk|bLKtsgs+ k|:kl4{t]hf]˜?0f+
uDeL/Wjlg;fdj]bhgs+ tfd|fw/+ ;'Gb/d\ .
c4{]Gb'B'ltnf]slkËnh6fef/M k|a4f]/u+
jGb] l;4;'/f;'/]Gb|gldt+ k"j{+ d'v+ z"lngM ..9
cyf{t\ k|noflUg Pj+ lah'nLsf] h:tf] t]h ePsf], cfuf]df ttfPsf] ;'gh:tf] cfef
ePsf], cToGt t]hn] ubf{ /ftf] j0f{ ePsf], ;fdj]bsf] uDeL/ WjlgnfO{ hGdfpg],
tfdfh:tf] /ftf] ;'Gb/ cw/ ePsf]], cw{rGb|sf] h:tf] sflGt ePsf], s}nf] h6fsf]

8 k"j{jt\, !&* k[i7 .

9 k"jj{ t\ .
ef/nfO{ ;k{n] afFw]sf], l;4, b]jtf tyf c;'/x¿n] gd:sf/ ul/Psf] lqz"nwf/L eujfg\
kz'kltsf] k"j{d'vnfO{ d jGbgf ub{5' .
@=%= O{zfg
>Lkz'kltgfysf] pmWj{ d'v O{zfgsf] :j¿k o:tf] atfOPsf] 5—
JoQmfJoQmlg¿lkt~r k/d+ if6\lq+zt tŒjfTds+
t:dfb'Q/t tŒjdIf/kb+ Wo]o+ ;bf of]luleM .
cf]ª\sf/flb;d:tdGqhgs+ ;"Idflt;"Idft\ k/d\
jGb]˜x+ k/d]Zj/:o jbg+ vJoflkt]hf]dod\ ..10
cyf{t\ JoQm / cJoQm b'j} ¿kn] lg¿k0f ul/Psf], ;a}eGbf >]i7 ¿k ePsf], 5QL;
tTTj :j¿k ePsf], 5QL; tTTjeGbf klg dfly tTTjftLt ljZjf]QL0f{ tŒjsf ¿kdf
/x]sf], slxNo} ggfl;g] cIf/:j¿k ePsf], of]uLx¿åf/f ;bf Wofg ul/g] ePsf]
,cf]ª\sf/ cflb ;d:t dGqx¿sf] hgs ePsf], ;"IdeGbf klg ;"Id k/d ;"Id tŒjsf
¿kdf /x]sf], >Lkz'kltgfysf] cfsfzJofkL t]hf]do d'vnfO{ d jGbgf ub{5' .
@=^= sfnflUg?b|
>Lkz'kltgfysf] cwf]d'v sfnflUg?b|sf] :j¿k o:tf] atfOPsf] 5—
o+ j]bfGtlgtfGt;Qdu'0f}M ;+k"lht+ rfd/}M
k'GgfufDa'hgfuk'ikjs'n}gf{uf;'/fBlr{td\ .
lgTo+ efg';x;|bLKtls/0f}M sfnflUg?b|f]kd+
tT;+xf/s/+ gdfld ;tt+ kftfn;+:y+ d'vd\ ..11
cyf{t\ pklgift\åf/f pQd u'0fx¿n] :t'lt ul/Psf], rfd/, k'Ggfu, sdn, gfuk'ik,
js'n cflb km"nx¿åf/f gfu, b]jtf cflbn] cr{gf ul/Psf], ;w}F xhf/f}F ;"o{sf] h:tf]

10 k"j{jt\, !&( k[i7 .

11 k"j{jt\ .
k|sfzn] b]bLKodfg ag]sf], sfnflUg?b|sf] pkdfn] o'Qm, ;+xf/sf/s, kftfnjSq
sfnflUg?b|nfO{ ;w}F gd:sf/ ub{5' .
#= if8fDgfoljBf
cEof;fy{s æDgfÆ wft'df …3`\Ú k|Toosf] of]un] cfDgfo zAb aGb5 .
cd/sf]zdf cfDgfonfO{ j]bs} kof{osf ¿kdf u|x0f ul/Psf] 512 . jfr:kTod\ gfds
sf]zu|Gydf cfDgfonfO{ :d[lt / tGqsf] kof{osf ¿kdf pNn]v u/]sf] kfOG513 .
tGqzf:qdf cfDgfo zAbn] …dfu{Úsf] cy{ u|x0f u/]sf] 5 . dfu{sf cltl/Qm >'lt jf
j]b, k/Dk/faf6 rlncfPsf] kl/kf6L, s'nsf] /Lltl:ylt, u'?k/Dk/faf6 k|fKt lzIff,
;Nnfx, dGq0ff, k/fdz{ cflb cy{df klg cfDgfo zAb k|rlnt 5 . o;k|sf/ cfDgfo
zAb d'vk/Dk/f jf >'ltk/Dk/faf6 k|fKt 1fgsf] cy{df k|of]u ePsf] b]lvG5 . o:tf]
1fg ;j{k|yd s;n] pkb]z u¥of] jf o:tf] 1fg s;/L nf]s;Dd cfOk'Uof] eGg]
;Gbe{df eujfg\ lzj :jo+ g} u'?lziosf ¿kdf cjtL0f{ eO{ tGqzf:qsf] pkb]z
u/]sf] syg kfOG514 . To;qmddf eujfg\ lzjn] cfˆgf ljleGg d'vx¿af6 tQt\
d'vsf zlQmx¿nfO{ tGqsf] pkb]z u/]sf] / To;sf cfwf/df ljleGg cfDgfosf] gfd
/x]sf] rrf{ kfOG5 .
tGqu|Gyx¿df eujfg\ lzjsf d'v / tbg'¿k cfDgfosf] ;ª\Vofsf ljifodf
Ps¿ktf kfOFb}g . s'nf0f{jtGqn] ;bflzjsf kfFrj6f d'vsf] sNkgf u/L tbg'¿k
kfFrj6f cfDgfosf] pTklQ ePsf] atfPsf] 515 . lgTofiff]8lzsf0f{jdf …cfDgfoÚ
zAbsf] kof{osf ¿kdf …cf1fÚ zAbsf] pNn]v ub}{ u|Gysf/n] rf/j6f cfDgfosf]

12
>'ltM :qLM j]b cfDgfoM
—cd/sf]z, k|yd sf08, zAbflbju{ !%*.#
13
tf/fgfy e6\6frfo{, jfr:kTod\, jf/f0f;L M rf}vDef ;+:s[t l;l/h clkm;, O{=!(^@, k[= &^* .
14
u'?lziokb] l:yTjf :jo+ b]]jM ;bflzjM .
k|Zgf]Q/kb}jf{So}:tGq+ ;djtf/ot\ ..
—:jR5GbtGq, *.#!
15
dd k~rd'v]EoZr k~rfDgfofM ;d'b\utfM .
k"j{Zr klZrdZr}j blIf0fZrf]Q/:tyf .
pmWjf{DgfoZr k~r}t] df]Ifdfuf{M k|sLlt{tfM .
—s'nf0f{jtGq, #.&
;ª\s]t u/]sf 5g\16 . pQm u|Gysf JofVofsf/ lzjfgGbn] cf1f zAbnfO{ ;|f]tsf]
¿kdf kl/eflift u/]sf 5g\17 eg] ljBfgGbn] pQm zAbnfO{ ;|f]ts} csf{] kof{o ;do
;+1f lbPsf 5g\18 . tGqfnf]sdf 5j6f d'v / tbg'¿k 5j6f lbzf jf cfDgfosf]
;ª\s]t kfOG519 . g]qtGqsf] pBf]t gfds JofVofdf klg cfrfo{ If]d/fhn] 5j6f
cfDgfosf] ;ª\s]t u/]sf 5g\20 . k/ftGqdf klg 5j6f cfDgfosf] pNn]v ul/Psf] 5
. ca tL 5j6f cfDgfosf ljifodf oxfF s]xL rrf{ ul/G5 .
#=!= k"jf{Dgfo
eujfg\ >Lkz'kltgfysf] k"j{jSq¿k tTk'?ifn] cfˆgL cleGg zlQm k"0f]{Zj/LnfO{
pkb]z u/]sf] ljBfnfO{ k"jf{Dgfo elgG5 . s'nf0f{jtGqcg';f/ k"jf{DgfonfO{ ;[li6¿k
dflgG521 . tGqlrGtfdl0f gfds u|Gydf k"jf{Dgfosf] pkf;gf blIf0f tyf jfd b'j}
cfrf/af6 x'g] pNn]v ul/Psf] 522 . o;f] eP tfklg k/ftGqdf jfdfrf/df hf]8
lbOPsf] 5 . s'nf0f{jtGqdf pNn]v ePcg';f/ k"jf{Dgfodf dGqof]uåf/f pkf;gf
x'G523 . k"jf{Dgfosf] ljBf l;4f}3 k/Dk/fdf ;j{k|yd d/Llrn] k|fKt u/]sf] / d/Llrn]

16
rt'/f1fsf]ze"tf+ gf}ld >Llqk'/fdxd\ .
—lgTofiff]8lzsf0f{j, !.!@.#—$
17
rt'ikL7flwi7ft[dxf;+ljbjnDag]g k|j[Qrt':;|f]tf]¿kf dxfkbjL rt'/f1f))
—lgTofiff]8lzsf0f{j, !.!@sf] Ch'ljdlz{gLJofVof .
18
k"j{klZrdblIf0ff]Q/fVofZrt'/f1fzAb;"lrtfZrTjf/M ;dofM))
—lgTofiff]8lzsf0f{j, !.!@sf] Ch'ljdlz{gLJofVof .
19
O{z pmWj{+ k|sfzTjfTk"j{+ jSq+ k|;fl/ ot\ .
k'?iff] blIf0ff r08f] jfdf jfd:t' ;f}DosM .
k/fª\d'vtof ;BM klZrdf kl/efiot] ..
—>LtGqfnf]s, !%.@)$.#—@)^ .
20 ))
uf?8] k"j{l:dg\, dft[tGqfbf} klZrd], hoflbgo] jfd], e}/jzf:q] r blIf0f], r08fl;wf/fbfj"Wj]{, Ho]i7]
r dts'nfbf} /x:o] ;|f]tl;))
—g]qtGq, !^.&^sf]] pBf]tJofVof .
21
k"jf{DgfoM ;[li6¿kM
—s'nf0f{jtGq, #.$!.!
22
k"jf{Dgfo] bIfjfdf}
—tGqlrGtfdl0f, @.&$.!
23
dGqof]u+ ljb'M k"j{+
—s'nf0f{jtGq, #.$@.!
;f] ljBf OGb|nfO{ k|bfg u/]sf] pNn]v k/ftGqdf kfOG524 . k"jf{Dgfosf rf}aL;
;ª\s]t cyf{t\ k"jf{Dgfosf] k/Dk/faf6 pkf;gf x'g] rf}aL; b]jLx¿sf] pNn]v
k/ftGqdf kfOG525 . s'nf0f{jtGqdf klg k"jf{Dgfosf rf}aL; ;ª\s]tx¿sf] pNn]v
kfOG526 . eujtL k"0f]{Zj/L k"jf{DgfosL gflosf x'g\ . k/ftGqdf atfPcg';f/ k"0f]{Zj/L
OGb|gLndl0fsf] em}F k|efn] o'Qm l5g\ . pgsf bzj6f xftx¿df b08, j/, ceo,
skfno'Qm lqz"n, 8d?, cIfdfnf, zlQm, pv'sf] wg', af0f / v8\u ;'zf]let 5g\ .
logL rGb|;"o{nfO{ cf;g agfP/ e}/jdfly /x]sL, k|TofnL9 cf;gdf a;]sL, tLg cfFvf
ePsL, d'08dfnfn] lje"lift, jf;'ls / zª\vgfunfO{ s'08nsf ¿kdf wf/0f u/]sL,
cgGtxf/sf] dfnf klx/]sL, cw{rGb|nfO{ lz/df wf/0f u/]sL, /hf]u'0fn] o'Qm
cxª\sf/:j¿ksL l5g\27 . lz/df wf/0f u/]sf] cw{rGb| cd[tsf], skfno'Qm lqz"n
cflwef}lts, cflwb}ljs / cfWoflTds tLg} k|sf/sf] pTkftnfO{ gfz u/L ;flTjs a'l4
pTkGg ug]{ zlQmsf], k|TofnL9 cf;g k|s[lt / k'?ifsf] ;+o'Qm cj:yfsf], gLnf] j0f{
;j{Jofkstfsf], d'08dfnf 1fg, ljj]s / ljrf/zlQmsf], 8d? zAba|Xdsf], v8\u
1fgsf], j/d'b|f ceLi6 l;l4sf], ceod'b|f eogfzs zlQmsf], cIfdfnf ;Dk"0f{
dft[sfIf/sf], tLg cfFvf rGb|, ;"o{ / clUg¿k tLg wfdsf]], pv'sf] wg' ;Ddf]xg
zlQmsf], b08 zf;gsf], wg' 1fgsf] / af0f kfkdf]rg zlQmsf] k|tLs xf] .
#=@= blIf0ffDgfo
>Lkz'kltgfysf] blIf0fjSq¿k c3f]/n] cfˆgL cleGg zlQm lgz]zLnfO{ pkb]z
u/]sf] ljBfnfO{ blIf0ffDgfo elgG5 . k"jf{Dgfo ;[li6¿k dflgG5 eg] blIf0ffDgfo
l:ylt¿k dflgG528 . blIf0ffDgfodf elQmof]uaf6 pkf;gf x'G529 . eujtLsf]
cf/fwgfaf6 blIf0ffDgfosf] ljBf ;j{k|yd OGb|n] k|fKt u/]sf] / To;kl5 OGb|n]

24
k/ftGq, !.&@
25
k/ftGq, !.^$.#—^^
26
k"jf{Dgfo:o;+s]tfZrt'lj{+zlt/Ll/tfM
—s'nf0f{jtGq, #.$#.!—@
27
k/ftGq, !.%^—^!
28
l:ylt¿kZr blIf0fM
—s'nf0f{jtGq, #.$!.@
29
elQmof]u+ r blIf0fd\
—s'nf0f{jtGq, #.$@.@
wd{/fhnfO{ k|bfg u/]sf] pNn]v k/ftGqdf kfOG530 . blIf0ffDgfosf kRrL;j6f
e]bx¿sf] pNn]v k/ftGqdf ul/Psf] 5 . h;cg';f/ hlDegL, :tlDegL, tf/f, df]lxgL,
clGwgL, lzjf, d[To'~hof, rlr{sf, l;+xL, blIf0fsflnsf, k|r08f, pu|r08f, pu|tf/f,
skflngL, Tjl/tf, l5GgzLiff{, junf, jfSk|bflogL, gLn;/:jtL, eLdf,
q}nf]So8fd/]Zj/L, q}nf]Soljhof, r08L, /Qmrfd'08L / e}/jL jfdfrf/n] pkf;gf x'g]
b]jLx¿ x'g\ . s'nf0f{jtGqn] klg blIf0ffDgfosf kRrL; ;ª\s]t cyf{t\ e]bsf] pNn]v
u/]sf] 531 . cfud/x:o gfds u|Gycg';f/ ;f}efUoljBf, aunf, jf/fxL, j6's,
dlxifdlb{gL, nIdL, Tjl/tf, jlzgL, >L / lt/:s/0fL oL blIf0ffDgfosf b]jtf x'g\32 .
eujtL lgz]zL blIf0ffDgfosL gflosf x'g\ . log} lgz]zLnfO{ /Qmrlr{sf, r}tGoe}/jL,
/QmsfnL, ;'Gb/Lsflnsf, c3f]/]Zj/L cflb gfdn] k'sfl/g] s'/f k/ftGqdf pNn]v
ul/Psf] 533 . c3f]/]Zj/Lsf] :j¿ksf ljifodf k/ftGqdf pNn]v ePcg';f/ logL
aln/x]sf] lrtfsf] dfemdf rf/ j]bnfO{ cf;g agfP/ a;]sL, gzfx¿ :ki6 b]lvg]
xf8 / 5fnfn] dfq o'Qm kftnf] z/L/ ePsL, sDd/df af3sf] 5fnf a]/]sL, ;'gsf] em}F
sflGt ePsL, clt 8/nfUbf kfFrj6f d'v tyf kGw|j6f cfFvf ePsL, dGb d':sfgn]
o'Qm ePsL, nKnkfpFbf] lhe|f] ePsL, kftnf] sDd/ ePsL, /f}b| :j¿k ePsL,
cw{rGb|nfO{ lz/df wf/0f u/]sL, dflylt/ kms]{sf v'nf skfn ePsL, gfunfO{ 3fF6Ldf
a]/]sL, /ut aUb} u/]sf] ev{/} l5g]sf] 6fpsf]sf] dfnf nufPsL, ;f]x|j6f xftx¿df
kfz, cª\s'z, skfn, v6\\jfª\u, d'08, l8l08d, v8\u, v]6, af0f, wg', rqm, b08,
sd08n'sf ;fy} ceo, j/ / th{gL d'b|f wf/0f u/]sL, cGo b]jLx¿n] 3]l/PsL,
x'ª\sf/o'Qm gfbn] b]ju0fnfO{ q:t agfPsL, zj¿kL dxfb]jsf] 5ftLdf plePsL l5g\
. xf8 / 5fnfdfq ePsf] b'Anf] z/L/ t[i0ffsf], lz/df wf/0f u/]sf] cw{rGb| cd[tsf],
rqm ;'/Iffsf], k|]t¿kL lzjdfly a:g' lzjsf] r}tGozlQmsf], /ut r'lx/x]sf

30
k/ftGq,@.%.!—@
31
blIf0ffDgfo;+s]tfM k~rlj+zlt/Ll/tfM
—s'nf0f{jtGq,#.$#.#—$
32
;f}efUoljBf junf jf/fxL j6's:tyf .
dlxifWgL tyf nIdL Tjl/tf jlzgL tyf ..
>Ll:t/:s/0fL k|f]Qmf blIf0ffDgfob]jtf .
—cfud/x:o, !.*&—!.**.!—@ .
33
k/ftGq, @.@.#—#
d'08x¿sf] dfnf z'4 ;Œju'0ffTds l:yltsnfsf], ;f]x| xft iff]8z cfwf/ jf ljleGg
lbzfsf] / o;k|sf/ ;j{Jofkstfsf], v8\u 1fgsf], ceod'b|f eogfzs zlQmsf],
j/d'b|f ceLi6 l;l4sf], af0f kfkdf]rs zlQmsf], cª\s'z :tDegzlQmsf], kfz
jzLs/0f zlQmsf], wg' 1fgsf] / th{gLd'b|f ;fjwfgLsf] k|tLs xf] .
#=#= klZrdfDgfo
>Lkz'kltgfysf if8\jSqdWo] klZrdjSq ;Bf]hftn] cfˆgL cleGg zlQm
s'lAhsfnfO{ pkb]z u/]sf] ljBf o; cfDgfo;Fu ;Da4 5 . klZrdfDgfo ;+xf/:j¿k
dflgG5 . tGqlrGtfdl0f gfds u|Gysf cg';f/ klZrdfDgfodf sf}nfrf/ /
blIf0ffrf/af6 pkf;gf x'G534 t/ k/ftGqdf sf}nfrf/ jf jfdfrf/df hf]8 lbOPsf]
5 . blIf0ffrf/af6 ul/Psf] pkf;gf o; cfDgfodf kmnbfoL gx'g] s'/f oxfF pNn]v
ul/Psf] 535 . klZrdfDgfo hfnGw/kL7;Fu ;Da4 5 . k/ftGqcg';f/ of] ljBf
;j{k|yd cª\lu/fnfO{ k|fKt eof] . To;kl5 cª\lu/faf6 bIfnfO{, bIfaf6 gx'ifnfO{ k|fKt
eof] . To;kl5 of] ljBf rGb|j+zL /fhs'nsf] s'nljBfsf ¿kdf / eujtL s'lAhsf
rGb|j+zL /fhs'nsf] s'nb]jLsf ¿kdf k|ltli7t ePsf] s'/f k/ftGqdf pNn]v ul/Psf]
536 . Ho]i7f s'lAhsf / afnf s'lAhsfsf ¿kdf k"lht klZrdfDgfosL gflosf
s'lAhsfsf aQL;j6f e]bx¿sf] pNn]v k/ftGqn] u/]sf] 537 . k/ftGqcg';f/ qmd]zL,
lqv08f, r08f, r08skflnsf, lqz'l4, pu|r08f, cGgk"0ff{, s/fnL cflb b]jLx¿
klZrdfDfoqmdn] pkf;gf x'g] b]jLx¿ x'g\38 . cfud/x:o gfds u|Gydf nf]kfd'b|f,
dxfb]jL, cDaf, e'jg]Zj/L, cGgk"0ff{, sfdsnf, dxf;/:jtL, jfUjflbgL, k|Tolª\u/f /
ejfgLnfO{ klZrdfDgfosf b]jLx¿sf] ¿kdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 539 . k/ftGqdf

34
sf}nbIff} klZrd] t'
—tGqlrGtfdl0f, @.&$.#
35
k/ftGq, #.@^.#—$ .
36
k/ftGq, #.@$—#.@%.!—@ .
37
k/ftGq, #.^.#—$ .
38
k/ftGq, #.!%.#—$—#.!^ .
39
nf]kd'b|f dxfb]jL cDaf r e'jg]Zj/L .
cGgk"0ff{ sfdsnf kL+7 hfnGw/+ tyf ..
s'lAhsfsf] :j¿k o; k|sf/ j0f{g ul/Psf] 5— cfsfzh:tf] lgd{n j0f{n] ;'zf]let
ePsf j[ifedfly r9]sf, Ps d'v, tLg cfFvf tyf c7f/ xft ePsf, tL c7f/ xftdWo]
bflxg]tkm{sf gf} xftdf 8d?, k/z', af0f, v8\u, cª\s'z, jh|, zª\v, j]0f' / j/d'b|f
wf/0f u/]sf, b]a|]tkm{sf gf} xftdf v6\jfª\u, z"n, wg', kmns, kfz, 306f, skfn, j]0f'
/ ceo wf/0f u/]sf s'Ah]Zj/sf] afofF lt3|fdf a;]sL s'lAhsf Ps d'v, tLg cfFvf
/ b'O{ xftn] o'Qm l5g\ . l;+xdf a;]sL /ftf] j0f{sL s'lAhsf gfusf] uxgf nufPsL,
cw{rGb|nfO{ lz/df wf/0f u/]sL, v'nf skfn ePsL, 7"nf / ;'Gb/ :tg ePsL, ;Dk"0f{
cnª\sf/n] ;'zf]let tyf z'e nIf0fn] o'Qm l5g\40 . ;fF9] wd{sf], cfsfzh:tf] j0f{
z'4 ;Œju'0fsf], Ps d'v k|sfz¿ktfsf], tLg cfFvf clUg, ;f]d / ;"o{¿k tLg wfdsf],
c7f/ xft ;j{Jofkstfsf] tyf bflxg] gf} xft gf} cfTdfsf] k|sfz¿k / afofF gf} xft
gf} cfTdfsf] ljdz{¿k zlQmsf] ;+o'Qm cj:yf a|fXdL cflb cf7 dft[sfsf] dWojtL{
e}/j:j¿k gjfTda|XdtŒjsf], bflxg] xftdf wf/0f u/]sf] a~r/f] cfUg]otfksf], 8d?
zAba|Xdsf], af0f kfkdf]rgsf], v8\u 1fgsf], cª\s'z :tDegzlQmf], jh| ljB'QŒjsf],
j]0f'jfB cgfxt gfbsf], j/d'b|f ceLi6 l;l4sf], v6\jfª\u tfkqogfzs tŒjsf], efnf
xfjfsf] j]usf], wg'if ;Ddf]xgsf], 9fn /Iffsf], kfz jzLs/0fsf], 306f gfba|Xdsf],
skfn ;flŒjs a'l4sf], j]0f' gfbsf], ceod'b|f lg8/tfsf], wf]tLkf6f s:g' dfofsf]
cfj/0fnfO{ ;fydf lng'sf], b]j -s'lAhs]Zj/_sf] afofF sfvdf a:g' dfofb]lv ctLt
:j¿ksf], Ps d'v tLg cfFvf sfd–snfTds ljdz{¿ktfsf], /ftf] j0f{ ;f}efUosf],
xftdf wf/0f u/]sf] j/d'b|f ceLi6 l;l4sf], ceod'b|f eogfzs zlQmsf], l;+xdfly
a:g' 1fgftLt s]jn r}tGo¿ktfsf], gfgfk|sf/sf uxgf P]Zjo{sf], lz/df /x]sf]
afnrGb| cd[tsf], 5l/Psf] skfn ;j{Jofkstfsf], 7"nf] / ;fx|f] :tg ljZjnfO{
e/0fkf]if0f ug]{ :j¿ksf], s'k|f]kg s'ns'08lngL zlQmsf] k|tLs xf] .
#=$= pQ/fDgfo
>Lkz'kltgfysf if8\jSqdWo] pQ/jSq:j¿k jfdb]jn] cfˆgL cleGg zlQm
l;4]Zj/L jf u'XosfnLnfO{ pkb]z u/]sf] ljBf pQ/fDgfo;Fu ;Da4 5 .
pQ/fDgfonfO{ lgu|x:j¿k dflgG5 . pQ/fDgfosf] pkf;gf sf}nfrf/ tyf

dxf;/:jtL ljBf tyf jfUjflbgL k'gM .

k|TolË/f ejfgL r klZrdfDgfob]jtf ..
—cfud/x:o, !.(@—!.(# .
40
k/ftGq, #.&—#.!@ .
jfdfrf/af6 x'g] s'/f tGqlrGtfdl0f gfds u|Gydf pNn]v ul/Psf] 541 .
pQ/fDgfosL gflosf u'XosfnL x'g\ . pQ/fDgfosf 5QL;j6f e]bx¿sf] pNn]v
kfOG542 . pQ/fDgfosL gflosf u'XosfnL x'g\ . pQ/fDgfosL gflosf u'XosfnLsf
c;ª\Vo e]b /x]sf 5g\ . tL c;ª\Vo e]bx¿dWo] bzjSqf u'XosfnL d'Vo dflglG5g\
. oL k|s[lt:j¿k x'g\ eg] c¿rflxF ljs[lt:j¿k x'g\43 . k/ftGqcg';f/ bzjSqf
u'XosfnL gLnsdnsf] kqh:t} Zofdn j0f{ ePsL, gLn/Tgsf] em}F k|ef ePsL,
1fg¿kL k|sfzsf ls/0fx¿n] el/PsL, Hof]lt:j¿ksf] d08ndf /x]sL l5g\ . eujtL
u'XosfnL bzj6f d'v tyf ;QfO;j6f cfFvfn] o'Qm l5g\ . eujtLsf rf}jGgj6f
xftx¿ 5g\ . ;a}eGbf dflysf] d'v bLklzvf :j¿ksf] 5 . lgjf{0fk|b pQm Hof]ltd{o
dxfjSqnfO{ r08of]u]Zj/L gfd lbOPsf] 5 . To;eGbf tn ;]tf] j0f{sf] l;+xsf] d'v
/x]sf] 5 . To;eGbf tNnf] kª\lQmdf aLrdf sfnf] j0f{sf] eofgs :ofnsf] d'v /x]sf]
5 eg] afofFtkm{ cltzo /ftf] j0f{sf] afg/sf] d'v / bfofFtkm{ 8/nfUbf] WjfF;] j0f{sf]
efn'sf] d'v /x]sf] 5 . To;eGbf tn kfFrj6f d'v ePsf] kª\lQmsf] aLrdf 8/nfUbf
bfFtx¿ ePsf, eofgs cfafh lgsfNg], dflylt/ kms]{sf kx]Fnf h6f ePsf], skfn /
lz/df cw{rGb| wf/0f u/]sf] sfnf] j0f{sf] eujtLsf] dfgjd'v /x]sf] 5 . ;f]xL
kª\lQmsf] afofFk6\l6 ;a}eGbf 5]pdf kx]Fnf] j0f{sf] r'Rrf] ePsf] u?8sf] d'v /x]sf] 5
eg] To;;Fu} cToGt ;]tf] j0f{sf] xfQLsf] d'v /x]sf] 5 . ;f]xL kª\lQmsf] bfofFk6\l6
;a}eGbf 5]pdf xl/of] j0f{sf] uf]xLsf] d'v /x]sf] 5 eg] To;;Fu} sfnf] j0f{sf] 3f]8fsf]
d'v /x]sf] 544 . eujtL u'XosfnLn] gfgfyl/sf /Tgx¿ Wff/0f u/]sL l5g\ . ;]tf]
dBkfq wf/0f u/]sL u'XosfnLn] /utn] nTkt ePsf ;QfO;j6f g/d'08sf] dfnf
nufPsL l5g\ . u'XosfnLsf afofF xftx¿df lrb|Tgdfnf, skfn, v8\u, kfz, zlQm,
v6\jfª\u, d'08, wg'if, rqm, 306f, afnk|]t, z}n, sª\sfn, gs'n, ;k{, df]xgL nufpg]
afF;'/L -s'6\l6gLj+z_, if8d|, 8f]l8sf, jlXgkfq, b08, ;'/f], ci6f/s]z/L, jSq, d'b\u/
/ 8d? /x]sf 5g\ . pgsf bfofF xftdf lrb|Tgdfnf, s}FrL, cª\s'z, b08, /Tgsnz,
lqz"n, kfFrj6f kfz'kt af0f, s'Gt, kfl/hft, 5'/L, tf]d/, k'ikdfnf, l8l08d, u[w|,
:jl:ts, sd08n', ;'/f], gBfjt{, s'08n, df+;v08, lald/f], ;"rL / th{gL d'b|f /x]sf
41
sf}njfdf} tyf]Q/] ..
—tGqlrGtfdl0f @.&$.$
42
ljb'M if6lq+zbfDgfo] ;+s]tfM >Ldb'Q/] .
—s'nf0f{jtGq,#.$$.#—$
43
dxfsfn;+lxtf, !.!@(.#—$ b]lv !#) Znf]s;Dd .
44
k/ftGq, &.^&.#—$ b]lv &% Znf]s;Dd .
5g\45 . eujtL u'XosfnLn] af3sf] 5fnfsf] n'uf, ;k{sf] 5fnfsf] pQ/Lo j:q
nfPsL l5g\ . pgL 3'F3'?bf/ uxgfn] ;'zf]let ePsL, jL/306f ahfO/x]sL, lg/Gt/
g"k'/ / 3'F3'? ahfO/x]sL, v'6\6f;Dd nq]sf] /ftf] sdnsf] km"nh:tf] d'08dfnf nfPsL,
vKk/sf] dBkfq lnPsL, 3fF6Ldf a|Xd;"q / of]uk6\6sf] k5\of}/f le/]sL, ;k{sf] uxgf
nfPsL / /ftf] s'08n wf/0f u/]sL l5g\46 . xhf/f}F ;"o{sf] h:tf] t]h ePsL, cToGt
t]hsf sf/0f x]g{ sl7g x'g], ;Dk"0f{ b]jLb]jtfx¿sf cf>osf ¿kdf /x]sL eujtL
u'XosfnLnfO{ k|TofnL9 cf;gdf /x]sL jf g[To ul//x]sL efjgf ug'{kb{547 . o:tL
u'XosfnLsf] cf;gsf] ¿kdf Ps d'v / tLg cfFvf ePsf, cfˆgf rf/ xftdf s}FrL,
vKk/, 8d? / v6\jfª\u wf/0f u/]sf, sfnf] j0f{sf e}/j /x]sf 5g\ . pQm e}/jkL7eGbf
tn a|Xdf, lji0f', ?b|, O{Zj/ / ;bflzj¿kL k~rk|]tf;g /x]sf] 5 . To;eGbf tn
ci6lbSkfn¿kL cf;g 5 . To;eGbf tn rf/ o'u, rf/ j]b / rf/ pkj]b¿kL cf;g
/x]sf 5g\ . gLn sdnh:tf] Zofdnj0f{ lgjf{0f:j¿ksf] / bz d'v bz k|f0fsf k|tLs
x'g\ . bfofF–afofF tyf ;fd'Gg]sf] d'vdf b'O{–b'O{ cfFvf / c¿ ;ft d'vdf tLg–tLg
cfFvf u/L hDdf ;ŒffO; cfFvf x'g' eujtLsf] gIfq :j¿ktfsf] k|tLs xf] . ;a}eGbf
dfly /x]sf] Hof]lt:j¿ksf] r08of]u]Zj/L gfds d'v of]uzlQmsf], To;sf] tn /x]sf]
;]tf] j0f{sf] 8/nfUbf] l;+xd'v 1fgzlQmsf], To;sf] tn /x]sf] sfnf] /ª\usf] eoª\s/
:ofnsf] d'v a'l4zlQmsf] / afofFkl§ /x]sf] /ftf] /ª\usf] afg/sf] d'v s'08lngL
zlQmsf] k|tLs xf] . To;sf] tNnf] kª\lQmdf /x]sf] l5/la/] /ª\usf] dfgjd'v
ljj]szlQmsf], bflxg]kl§ /x]sf] WjfF;] /ª\usf] eoª\s/ efn'sf] d'v e"r/zlQmsf],
To;sf] afofFkl§ /x]sf] s}nf] j0f{sf] r'Rrf];d]t ePsf] u?8d'v v]r/zlQmsf], bflxg]kl§
/x]sf] xl/of] /ª\usf] uf]xLsf] d'v cfwf/zlQmsf] / bfofFkl§ /x]sf] sfnf] j0f{sf] 3f]8fsf]
d'v j]uzlQmsf k|tLs x'g\ . s}nf] 7f8f] h6fsf] h'/f] / To;df /x]sf] cw{rGb| cd[tsf],
ljleGg k|sf/sf /Tghl8t d'08dfnf ljj]so'Qm 1fgsf] / ;'j0f{sf] cfe"if0f
;j{zlQm;DkGgtfsf k|tLs x'g\ . rf}jGgj6f xft ;j{Jofkstfsf] Pj+ krf; dft[sfIf/
tyf dg, a'l4, lrQ / cxª\sf/sf] k|tLs xf] . afofF xftdf wf/0f u/]sf] /Tgsf] dfnf
dGq¿ktfsf], vKk/ ;Œju'0fsf], 9fn /IffzlQmsf], kfz jzLs/0fzlQmsf], zlQm gfds
cfo'w ansf], v6\jfË lqljw tfknfO{ gfz ug]{ zlQmsf], d'08 a'l4sf], e'z'08L
ljsif{0fzlQmsf], wg' 1fgsf] / rqm /IffzlQmsf k|tLs x'g\ . 306f zAba|Xdsf],

45
k/ftGq, &.&&.#—$ b]lv *$.!—@;Dd .
46
k/ftGq, &.*$.#—$ b]lv *(.!;Dd .
47
k/ftGq, &.!)@.#—$ b]lv !)$.!—@;Dd .
afnssf] zj cg'u|xsnfsf], kj{t k|r'/tfsf], g/sÍfn t[i0ffsf], Gofp/L
d[To'~hozlQmsf], ;k{ ljifgfzs zlQm Pj+ sfnsf], pGdfbsf/L afF;'/L pGdflbgL
zlQmsf], d'ª\u|f] j}/fUosf] / clUgs'08 k|sfzsf k|tLs x'g\ . 8d? zAba|Xdsf], l8l08d
gfbsf], lelGbkfn ljå]if0fzlQmsf], d'';n k|k~rsf], kfz jzLs/0fzlQmsf], kl§z
nHhfsf], zt£gL -tf]k_ dxfgfbsf] / :ofnsf] aRrf a7ØfOFsf k|tLs x'g\ . bflxg]
xftdf wf/0f u/]sf] /Tgdfnf dGqsf], s}FrL lge{ozlQmsf], v8\u 1fgsf], th{gL d'b|f
;fjwfgLsf], cª\s'z :tDegzlQmsf], b08 zf;gsf], /Tgsf] 38f P]Zjo{sf], lqz"n
lqljw pTkftnfO{ gfz ug]{ zlQmsf], k~raf0f zf]ifs, pGdfbs, ;+xf/s cflb
k~rzlQmsf], s'Gt j]uzlQmsf], sNkj[If sfdgf k"lt{ ug]{ zlQmsf], 5'/L b'Mv lgjf/0f
ug]{ zlQmsf], tf]d/ k|k~rsf] / k'ikaf0f h[De0fzlQmsf k|tLs x'g\ . lu4 lbJob[li6sf],
sd08n' kljqtfsf], df+;v08 sNof0fbfos zlQmsf], ;'/f] t[lKtsf], lald/f] ef]ubfos
zlQmsf], aGr/f] ci6fËof]usf], ubf jL/tfsf] / n7\7L cfwf/zlQmsf k|tLs x'g\ .
/f}b|¿k k/a|Xd:j¿ktfsf], g[Tofj:yf cfgGb:j¿ktfsf], af3sf] 5fnf
of]u:j¿ktfsf], lrt'jfsf] 5fnf of]uzlQmsf], sdnsf] cf;g 1fgsf] / gjof}jg:j¿k
x'g' cg'u|xsnfsf k|tLs x'g\ . rf/ j]b rf/ o'usf k|tLs x'g\ . a|Xdf, lji0f', ?b|,
O{Zj/ / ;bflzj¿kL k~rk|]tf;g k~rdxfe"tfTds ljZjl;+xf;gsf] k|tLs xf] .
eoª\s/ e}/j:j¿k pmWj{kL7 ljZjd~rsf] k|tLs xf] . o1:j¿k iff]8zbnsdn
;jf{zfkl/k"/s tŒjsf] k|tLs xf] eg] gfb / laGb' k|sfz Pj+ ljdz{:j¿k lzjzlQmsf]
k|tLs xf] . gLnf] j0f{sf] rGb|z]v/ lzj¿k cf;g ;j{JofkL cd[t:j¿k sNof0fsf/s
tTjsf] k|tLs xf] . To;dfly /x]sf] ci6bn sdn ci6l;l4sf] k|tLs xf] .

#=%= pmWjf{Dgfo
>Lkz'kltgfysf if8\jSqdWo] pmWj{jSq:j¿k sfd]Zj/n] cfˆgL cleGg zlQm
sfd]Zj/LnfO{ pkb]z u/]sf] ljBf pmWjf{Dgfo;Fu ;Da4 5 . pmWjf{DgfonfO{
cg'u|x:j¿k dflgG5 . pmWjf{Dgfosf] pkf;gf lbJofrf/af6 ul/G548 . pmWjf{DgfosL
gflosf dxflqk'/;'Gb/L x'g\ . k/ftGqcg';f/ dxflqk'/;'Gb/L sdnsf] k/fusf] em}F j0f{
ePsL, s'ª\s'dhnsf] em}F sflGt ePsL, ;'Gb/ e"|s'6L, ;'Gb/ tLg g]q, ;'Gb/ :tg /
To:t} xfF;f] ePsL, kftnf] sDd/ ePsL, rf/ xftdf kfz, cª\s'z, pv'sf] wg' /
kfFrj6f af0f wf/0f u/]sL, lz/df cw{rGb| wf/0f u/]sL, ;Dk"0f{ uxgfn] ;lhPsL,

48
pmWj]{ lbJof] dx]zflg
—tGqlrGtfdl0f, @.&%.!
dgnfO{ cfglGbt t'Nofpg] :j¿ksL l5g\ tyf logL a|Xdf, lji0f', ?b|, O{Zj/ /
;bflzj¿kL k~rk|]tsf] d08kdf a;]sL l5g\49 . xhf/ ;"o{sf] h:tf] /ftf] sflGt x'g'
k/d ;f}efUo:j¿ksf], d'08dfnf a'l4 / ljj]ssf]], d'08dfnfsf] /utn] kf]ltPsf] :tg
a'l4 / ljj]såf/f ljZjnfO{ e/0fkf]if0f ug'{sf] k|tLs xf] . xftdf wf/0f u/]sf] hkdfnf
dft[sfIf/sf], k':ts ljBfsf], ceod'b|f lge{otfsf], j/d'b|f ceLi6 l;l4sf], tLg cfFvf
rGb|, ;"o{ / clUg:j¿k tLg wfdsf], rGb|dfo'Qm /Tgd's'6 cd[ttŒjsf k|tLs x'g\ .
sfnf] km';|f] j0f{ tdf]u'0f:j¿ksf], d}nf] n'uf Sn]z¿ktfsf], kx]Fnf] j0f{ :tDegzlQmsf],
;'gsf] uxgf / dfnf ;j{zlQm:j¿ktfsf], ;'gh:tf] j0f{ ;f}efUosf], kfz
jzLs/0fzlQmsf], cª\s'z :tDegzlQmsf], pv'sf] wg' ;Ddf]xgzlQmsf], Zj]tsdn
;GbLlkgLzlQmsf], /Qmsdn zf]lif0fLzlQmsf], gLnsdn tflkgLzlQmsf], s/jL/k'ik
kf}?ifzlQmsf], cfFksf] km"n dfbszlQmsf] / ;'Gb/ ¿k huGdf]lxgL ¿ksf k|tLs x'g\
.
#=^= cw/fDgfo
>Lkz'kltgfysf if8\jSqdWo] cwf]jSq:j¿k sfnflUg?b|n] cfˆgL cleGg zlQm
jh|]Zj/LnfO{ pkb]z u/]sf] ljBf cw/fDgfo;Fu ;Da4 5 . cw/fDgfosf kftfnfDgfo,
/x:ofDgfo cflb kof{o /x]sf 5g\ . cw/fDgfosf] pkf;gf jfddfu{af6 dfq x'g] s'/f
tGqlrGtfdl0f gfds u|Gyn] atfPsf] 550 . jh|]Zj/L cw/fDgfosL gflosf x'g\ .
tLgj6f d'v, k|lt d'v tLgj6f cfFvf, rf/j6f xft ePsL /ftf] j0f{sL jh|]Zj/L
k|]tnfO{ cf;g agfP/ g[Tod'b|fdf /x]sL l5g\ . d'08x¿sf] nfdf] dfnf¿kL uxgfn]
;'zf]let ePsL, ;k{sf] hg} nfPsL, af3sf] 5fnfsf] sk8f nfPsL, l;+xsf] 5fnfsf]
pQ/Lo j:q nfPsL, cfˆgf rf/ xftdf s}FrL, vKk/, v6\jfª\u / 8d? wf/0f u/]sL
jh|]Zj/L slno'udf zL3| kmn k|bfg ug]{ O{Zj/L x'g\51 . d'08dfnf dft[sfIf/sf], ;k{
ljifgfzs zlQm Pj+ sfnsf], af3 / l;+x 1fgzlQmsf], vKk/ ;TTju'0fsf], 8d?
zAba|Xdsf], s}FrL lge{ozlQmsf], v6\jfª\u cfWoflTds, cflwb}ljs / cflwef}lts
tfknfO{ gfz ug]{ zlQmsf k|tLs x'g\ .

49
k/ftGq, %.*—!!.!—@ .
50
kftfn] jfd Pj r
—tGqlrGtfdl0f, @.&%.#
51
k/ftGq, ^.#—^.!—@ .
$= pk;+xf/
5 d'v ePsf eujfg\ >Lkz'kltgfysf ltg} 5j6f d'v:j¿k ;Bf]hft, jfdb]j, c3f]/,
tTk'?if, O{zfg / sfnflUg?b| Pj+ ltgsf cleGg zlQm qmdzM s'Ah]Zj/L, l;4]Zj/L -
u'XosfnL_, lgz]Zj/L, k"0f]{Zj/L, lqk'/;'Gb/L / jh|]Zj/Lsf aLr ;+jfbsf qmddf
cfljef{j ePsf] tflGqs 1fgsf] k/Dk/f g} cfDgfo k/Dk/fsf ¿kdf k|l;4 5 . ctM
eujfg\ >Lkz'kltgfy g} ;du| cfulds jf tflGqs 1fgk/Dk/fsf cflb;|f]t x'g\ eGg]
s'/f l;4 x'G5 . lzjd:t' .

;Gbe{;fdu|L;"rL
clegju'Kt, tGqfnf]s, /fw]Zofd rt'j]{bL -;Dkfbs_, jf/f0f;L M rf}vDaf ljBfejg,
O{=;+= @))@ .
cd/sf]z, uf}td, s'nrGb| -6Lsfsf/_, jf/f0f;L M ozf]bf k':tsfno, lj=;+= @)!& .
cfud/x:o, dfnjLo, ;'wfs/ -;Dkfbs_, jf/f0f;L M rf}vDaf ;+:s[t ;Ll/h cflkm;,
O{=;+= @)!! .
pklgifT;+u|x, zf:qL, hubLz -;Dkfbs_, lbNnL M df]tLnfn agf/;Lbf;, O{=;+=
!(() .
sfdsnf/x:o, h=a=/f=, wgzdz]/, sf7df8f}F M g]kfn / PlzofnL cg';Gwfg s]Gb|,
lj=;+= @)#^ .
s'nf0f{jtGq, ld>, k/dx+; -;Dkfbs_, lbNnL M rf}vDaf ljBfejg, O{=;+= @))@ .
h=a=/f=, wgzdz]/, qmdbLIff/x:o, gGbg e§/fO{ -;Dkfbs_, bfª M dx]Gb| ;+:s[t
ljZjljBfno, lj=;+= @)%& .
tGqljBfnf]s, e6\6, ljBfgfy pkfWofo, sf7df8f}F M cGgk"0ff{ pkfWofo e6\6 .
gjdLl;+x, tGqlrGtfdl0f -k"j{efu_, ljBfgfy pkfWofo e§ -;Dkfbs_, bfª M dx]Gb|
;+:s[t ljZjljBfno, lj=;+= @)%$_
lgTofiff]8lzsf0f{j, låj]bL, j|hjNne -;Dkfbs_, jf/f0f;L M jf/f0f;]o ;+:s[t
ljZjljBfno, O{=;+= !(^* .
g]qtGq -pBf]tJofVof_,låj]bL, j|hjNne -;Dkfbs_, lbNnL M kl/dn klAns]zG;,
O{=;+= @))$ .
k/ftGq, nfld5fg], dfwjk|;fb -;Dkfbs_, sf7df8f}F M /fli6«o clen]vfno, lj=;+=
@)&% .
dxfsfn;+lxtf -u'XosfnLv08_, emf, lszf]/gfy -;Dkfbs_, Onfxfafb M uª\ufgfy
emf s]Gb|Lo ;+:s[t ljBfkL7, O{=;+= !((# .
jfr:kTo, e6\6frfo{, tf/fgfy -;Dkfbs_, jf/f0f;L M rf}vDef ;+:s[t l;l/h clkm;,
O{=;+= !(^@ .
:jR5GbtGq -pBf]tJofVof_, sf}n, dw';"bg -;Dkfbs_, >Lgu/ M sfZdL/ ;+:s[t
u|Gydfnf, O{=;+= !(@( .

⁎⁎⁎