Chapter 3

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 Definitionof output devices
 Types of output devices
 Monitor
CRT
LCD
LED
Plasma
 Printer
Impact printer
Non impact printer
 Uses of output devices

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 Any peripheral device that receives and displays
output from a computer is called an output device. An
output device is also defined as any piece of computer
hardware equipment used to communicate the results
of a computer to the outside world.
 An output device is any device used to send data from
a computer to another device or user. Most computer
data output is meant for humans and is in the form of
audio or video.
 Examples include monitors, projectors, speakers,
headphones and printers.

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An output device refers to user-computer
communication devices used for communication
between computers, devices and other peripherals,
which may be used for input/output (I/O) purposes.

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Output of the computer system can be classified into
mainly two types:
 Hard copy
 Soft copy

Soft copy is an electronic copy of some type of data,

such as a file viewed on a computer display or
transmitted as an email attachments.
Such material, when printed is referred to as a hard
copy.

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 The term hard copy describes something touchable,
physical and tangible. And copy means the result of a
production or information.
 So the collective meaning of hard copy is, production
of any record or information in a physical form.
 Printed books, newspapers, magazines, documents,
etc. are kinds of hard copy.
 Hard copy is an older way of keeping the record in a
physical form.
 The hard copy is highly associated with the printing
of newspapers, books and printouts.

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Despite the fact, that there are many advantages of
using hard copy, the use of it is gradually decreasing
because it involves huge cost and wastage of time and
money.
 However, hard copy is accepted as the authentic
medium of information.

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Soft copy means a data or information that can be
stored in any kind of a digital memory.
It is an intangible form of preserving the information.
 We can see the record but cannot touch it.
Monitors or others display screens are used as output
devices which are used to see the soft copy results.
Soft copy is a latest form of preserving the material
and information in a digital form.
Two main advantages of soft copy are that- we can
send the data via email, and can preserve the data
without using any physical place.

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PDF, doc files, xlx files, presentation files, etc. are the
examples of soft copy.
Softcopy can be transferred from one PC to another PC
through USB drives, external disk drives or online
sharing and downloading system.
 Helps to make the office environment paperless.
Despite using digital signature system ,soft copy is not
regarded as the genuine.

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 Hard copy provides more authenticity as compared to
the soft copy.
 Hard copy do not requires extra gadgets for reading
the information while soft copy can’t be read out
without any word processing, database or
presentation program subject to the format of files or
data.
 We can make as many copies of soft copy as we can.
This requires simple copy and paste and requires no
additional cost. A hard copy requires print out of the
document that requires additional cost.

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 Soft copy is a digital and electronic form of material
while hard copy is a physical and tangible form of
material.
Hard copy is beneficial in the sense that it is touchable
and can be read out easily. While soft copy sometime
requires special software to read and access.
Hard copy cannot be preserved for a long time.
Chances of termite becomes even more high in case of
old files and documents.

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Uses of output devices

 Computer output devices are used in order to get

information from a computer in a desired format.

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 Computer monitor or screen is a device used to
display information to a user.
 It is also called video display terminal (VDT) or
display screen. It is used to display information,
programs and applications in a computer.
 The operation of most video monitors is based on the
standard cathode-ray tube (CRT) design, but several
other technologies like liquid crystal display (LCD)
also exists.
 Monitor is made up of a series of serial dots called
pixels. Pixel is also called as pix and is a picture
element that can be used to produce the patterns of
the image.

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There are different types of monitors that can be used
for displaying output. Some of them are-
CRT

LCD

LED

Plasma

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It stands for cathode ray tube.
A cathode ray tube (CRT) is a specialized vacuum tube
in which images are produced when an electron beam
strikes phosphorus surface. Most desktop computer
displays make use of CRTs.
Itconsists of a vacuum tube, focusing system, electron
gun and a fluorescent screen.
Different internal or external systems are used to
accelerate and deflect the electron beam on the
fluorescent screen to form image in the form of light in
the fluorescent screen.

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To produce an image on the screen, complex signals
are applied to the deflecting coils, and also to the system
that controls the intensity of the electron beam.
This causes the spot to move across the screen from
right to left, and from top to bottom in a sequence of
horizontal lines called the raster to produce the picture.

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Advantages: Bright colors, large viewing angle, no
moving object shadow, suitable for playing games.
Disadvantages: Large size, large radiation, visible area
smaller than LCD.
Recommendation: If we have the requirements on the
size of the screen, it is recommended to buy LCD.

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 LCD (liquid crystal display) is the technology used for
displays in notebook and other smaller computers.
 LCDs consume much less power than LED and gas-
display displays because they work on the principle of
blocking light rather than emitting it.
 An LCD is made with either a passive matrix or an
active matrix display grid.

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 The passive matrix LCD has a grid of conductors with
pixels located at each intersection in the grid.
 A current is sent across two conductors on the grid to
control the light for any pixel.
 An active matrix has a transistor located at each pixel
intersection, requiring less current to control the
luminance of a pixel.

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LCD stands for liquid crystal display. It is a flat panel display
which uses the light modulating properties of liquid crystal in order
to display the picture.
A liquid like material is sandwiched between the horizontal and
vertical grids of electrodes and because of this it is called a liquid
crystal display.
Liquid crystals do not emit light directly, but uses backlight to
produce images.
The device is more economic, light in weight and consumes less
power.
Here, the electrical signals are used to turn pixels on and off in
order to produce the patterns of the image.
LCD is widely used in laptops, digital clocks ,watches, micro oven
,CD players.
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Advantages of LCD Technology

 Does not rely on phosphors.

 Energy efficient, low-power consumption.
 Excellent contrast
 Immune to screen image burn-in
 Lightweight and compact
 Low flicker rates
 Screens are available in a vast range of sizes
 Superior resolution
 Used in verity of battery-powered electronics

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The color and contrast from various viewing angles is
inconsistent
Motion blur is common
With brightness from backlighting, imagery may
appear flat.
Has fixed resolution
Newer technology so costs more
Imagery not as good with analog interface.

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LED stands for light emitting diode .
It is a type of display device in which the matrix of
diode is arranged to form a pixel position in the display.
To display the image on screen, stored information is
read from the frame buffer and converted to voltage
levels that are applied to the diode to produce the light
patterns in the display.
It is used in electronic test equipments such as TV,
radio, calculator, watches.
It is used in many electrical and electronics devices for
testing equipments, calculators watches and so on.
Itconsumes less power and has better image quality as
compared to the LCD.

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Advantages of LED

 Low power requirement

 Produces less heat
 Typically are less expensive
 They run at a lower temperature, and consume much
less power, as few as 20 watts
 Higher dynamic contrast ratio
 Longer lifespan .

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Disadvantages
 Images displayed on led monitors over sharp
 Expensive
 They shift color with age.
 LEDs are inconsistent because of thermal instability.

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A plasma display is a type of flat panel display that
uses plasma, an electrically charged ionized gas, to
illuminate each pixel in order to produce a display
output.
In this type of display, each pixel on the screen is
illuminated by a tiny bit of plasma or charged gas, like a
tiny neon light.
 It is commonly used in large TV displays of 30 inches
and higher.
Plasma displays are often brighter than LCD displays
and also have a wider color gamut.

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Plasma displays are sometimes marketed as "thin-
panel" displays and can be used to display
either analog video signals or display modes digital
computer input.

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A Plasma display is a type of flat panel display
commonly used for TV displays.
Mini tiny cells located between two panels of Glass
hold an inert mixture of noble gases.
The gas in the cell is electrical it turned into plasma
which then excites Phosphorus to emit light.

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Advantages:
 Larger screen size availability.
 Better contrast ratio and ability to render deeper
blacks.
 Better color accuracy and saturation.

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Disadvantages:

 Plasma Displays are more susceptible to “burn in” or

“screen burn” of static images.
 Plasma Displays requires more power thus more heat
produced than LCDs.
 Shorter display life span than LCD. This can vary
according to other environmental and use factors.

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 Printer is an external hardware device that prints computer data
on paper and in many cases on transparencies and other media.
 It generates hard copy of the computer data. Printers are one of
the most used peripherals on computers and are commonly used to
print text, images etc.
 Printers have two major qualities: resolution and print speed.
 Print resolution is measured as the number of dots per inch
(dpi).
 Print speed is typically measured in pages per minute (ppm).
 Printers are used for producing output on paper which is a hard
copy output.

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There are printing devices which can be classified
according to the print quality and printing speed.
Impact printers
Non impact printers

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Impact Printers

 It is the type of printer that prints the texts by

hammering on the inked ribbon which results in
printing data on the paper placed behind the ribbon.
 They are slow in nature and makes lot of noises.
 They can be used to generate multiple copies of same
document at a time using carbon paper.

 Impact printer- It refers to a class of printers that

work by banging a head or needle against an ink
ribbon to make a mark on the paper. This includes
dot-matrix printers, daisy-wheel printers, and line
printers.

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Characteristics of Impact Printers are the following −
Very noisy

Useful for bulk printing due to low cost

There is physical contact with the paper to produce
an image
These printers are of two types −
Character printers

Line printers

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Character Printers

 Character printers are the printers which print one

character at a time.
 These are further divided into two types:

Dot Matrix Printer(DMP)

Daisy Wheel

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Dot Matrix Printer(DMP)

 Dot Matrix printer uses impact technology and has a

print head containing wires moving at high speed
against in Ribbon and paper.
 Characters are produced in matrix format.
 The speed of Dot Matrix printer ranges from 40
characters per second to 1000 characters per second.
 It has the ability to produce multiple copies of a
document in a single print.

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Advantages
Inexpensive

Widely Used

Other language characters can be printed

Disadvantages
Slow Speed
Poor Quality

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NON IMPACT PRINTERS

 They are the type of printers that uses chemical, heat

or electrical signal to etch or induced symbols on a
paper.
 Many of these printers required special treated paper.
 These printers print a complete page at a time, thus
they are also called as Page Printers.

 Non-impact printer - A printer that prints without

banging a ribbon onto paper. Laser, LED, inkjet, solid
ink, thermal wax transfer and dye sublimation
printers are examples of non-impact printers.

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These printers are of two types −
Laser Printers

Inkjet Printers

Characteristics of Non-impact Printers

Faster than impact printers
They are not noisy
High quality

Supports many fonts and different character size

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