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TOPIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES CONTENT MATERIALS METHOD/ EVALUATION AREA(S) OF

SKILLS KNOWLEDGE UNDERSTANDING ATTITUDE STRATEGIES INTEGRATION

Record Store and Definition of The importance of Appreciate Definition: Text books Teacher led Assessment of Language
Keeping/ handle “farm record” farm records keeping A farm Agricultural discussion and each students’ Arts
Farm Records records neat and record is Science for brainstorming on - definition of
carefully Uses of farm accurate written Secondary farm records farm record Written and
records records information Schools in oral expression
Record on inputs Guyana Note taking and -farm on the
data of and outputs Bk. 2 pp 96- preparing reports diary/practical importance of
transaction of the farm 99 notebook farm records
as soon as Visiting farms and
they occur Reason for Agricultural examining - explanation
farm Science by available records of importance
Present a records: Elliot and for accuracy and of farm
written and -Operations Wolseg. neatness records
an oral can be Pp: 67-77
report of examined in
farm each unit Junior
records and the right Secondary
decisions Agriculture
made for for the
financial Caribbean
success Bk. 3 pp
189-190.

1
TOPIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES CONTENT MATERIALS METHOD/ EVALUATION AREA(S) OF
SKILLS KNOWLEDGE UNDERSTANDING ATTITUDE STRATEGIES INTEGRATION

Record - A reliable Language


Keeping/ reference for Arts
Farm Records planning
(cont’d) and
budgeting

-Help in the
assessment
of strengths
and
weaknesses

-Useful for
the
acquisition
of loans

2
TOPIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES CONTENT MATERIALS METHOD/ EVALUATION AREA(S) OF
SKILLS KNOWLEDGE UNDERSTANDING ATTITUDE STRATEGIES INTEGRATION

Record Recognize The different Keeping of Types of Samples of Observation of Assessment


Keeping/ farm types of farm accurate records farm farm farm records for on students’ :
Farm records records of each records records. similarities and - Identification
Records and use project/transaction differences of different
(cont’d) them Farm Financial or Case studies types of farm
correctly situations Accounting Interviewing records
which require records Resource resource
Identify keeping farm provide persons personnel - Matching the
incorrect records farmers use with the
entries with Work sheets Identification of types of
made on a The need for realistic records from record
given farm keeping each information data given
record type of farm on the - Using each
record current farm record as
financial a means of
status of identification
the whole
farm or
individual
units e.g.
(a) Profit
and Loss
Accounts
(b) An
inventory

3
TOPIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES CONTENT MATERIALS METHOD/ EVALUATION AREA(S) OF
SKILLS KNOWLEDGE UNDERSTANDING ATTITUDE STRATEGIES INTEGRATION

Record Analyse Production Specimens Examination of


Keeping/ Farm data Records: of budgets budget records
Records recorded - crop
(cont’d) in a given production
record - livestock
production
Use data (i) Breeding
recorded record of
to prepare pigs
budgets (ii) Egg
production
Use data
recorded Farm diary
to make
predictions The budget
and
reasons for
preparing it

4
TOPIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES CONTENT MATERIALS METHOD/ EVALUATION AREA(S) OF
SKILLS KNOWLEDGE UNDERSTANDING ATTITUDE STRATEGIES INTEGRATION

Record Prepare The steps The calculation of Willingness Formats for Samples of: Demonstrations in Assessment of Mathematics
Keeping /Farm simple farm involved the profit and loss to prepare preparation - profit and the preparation of: students’:
Records records preparation of farm records of: loss Calculating
(cont’d) each farm The correction of accounts -the profit and loss - Preparation profit and loss
Prepare an record mistakes in a farm Willingness - profit and - school/farm account of farm
inventory record to keep neat loss account inventories records Predicting
for the The and accurate - an - school farm outcomes
school farm recommended The completion of farm records inventory - textbooks inventory and - Making
format for farm records using -production with relevant production records judgments
Record specific farm simple data Work record information about farm
transactions records – e.g. effectively on - crop Demonstration on records and
promptly in the complete The use of relevant individual or production - specimens the preparation of giving reasons
journals budget. data from the group -egg of the a budget
journal and other presentations production budget
Combining The relevant records to prepare on record
component data for the budget preparations A budget:
parts of preparing a on the Steps in
farm budget preparation
records of farm Preparation
records 1. Start
Predict the early – work
outcome of out inputs
a farm needed
enterprise
from its
records

5
TOPIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES CONTENT MATERIALS METHOD/ EVALUATION AREA(S) OF
SKILLS KNOWLEDGE UNDERSTANDING ATTITUDE STRATEGIES INTEGRATION

Record -Use relevant data Appreciate 2. Estimat-


Keeping/ Farm from the journal the need to ing all costs
Records and other records collect and returns:
(cont’d) to prepare the information (a) Write
budget. for use in down the
decision- costs of
making inputs,
estimate
rather high
than low

(b) Write
down all
expected
returns,
estimate low
rather than
high
Add up all
estimated
costs
Total up the
estimated
returns
3. Calculate
the figures
as
accurately
as possible
and enter in
budget
format

6
TOPIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES CONTENT MATERIALS METHOD/ EVALUATION AREA(S) OF
SKILLS KNOWLEDGE UNDERSTANDING ATTITUDE STRATEGIES INTEGRATION

Record Post data Appreciate Group presentation Assessment of


Keeping/ Farm recorded the of questions and group
Records in journals importance answers prepared presentation
(cont’d) to the of accuracy by participants: of samples of
correct in recording farm records
record data on - teacher led for exhibition
farm discussion in the
records classroom.
- teacher observes
students’ at work

7
TOPIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES CONTENT MATERIALS METHOD/ EVALUATION AREA(S) OF
SKILLS KNOWLEDGE UNDERSTANDING ATTITUDE STRATEGIES INTEGRATION

Record Identify The various The importance of Appreciate Basic farm Agricultural Visits to school Assessment of Science
Keeping – various types types of farm records for the need to records: Science for farms, students’
Basic Farm of records records kept present and future collect, PRODCUTION Secondary Practical report outlining - Scientific
Records and kept on the on a farm and agricultural record and RECORDS Schools in Instruction the importance skills:
their school farms agricultural activities and present -Crop Guyana: Centers and of using farm
usefulness or commercial enterprises investments data neatly, production Commercial farms records to Experimenting
agricultural accurately - Plant Book 1 pp. determine the Observing
entities Reviewing The importance of and in propagation 99 & 100 Revision of record level of Planning
farm diary using the correct useful - Orchard crop Book 2 ch. 4 keeping lessons performance Recording
Record and inventories as format to produce acceptable record Book 3 ch. done in Level 7, of an Predicting
report in the important farm various types of and correct -Livestock 10pp 208- i.e. on the agricultural Analyzing
farm diary records farm records formats production 212 importance of enterprise/farm Discussing
using the -Breeding record keeping, as well as for Reporting
recommended record Caribbean farm diary and making plans
format Agricultural farm inventory and Social Studies
Farm outputs Science by predictions
Update are measured A.I. Henry Keeping
existing farm in terms of Book 2 Use knowledge diaries of
inventories yield: second on data collection, important
and make Quantity and edition ch. presentation of activities and
new quality. The 14 pp. 191- data and events
inventories production 200 interpretation of
where records of a data to make Home
applicable farm help the Specimens systematic day-to- Economics
farmer to of basic farm day entries in a
determine the records farm diary Managing
performance Money and
of his/her budgeting
livestock or
level of
production on
the crop farm

8
TOPIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES CONTENT MATERIALS METHOD/ EVALUATION AREA(S) OF
SKILLS KNOWLEDGE UNDERSTANDING ATTITUDE STRATEGIES INTEGRATION

Record Categorize Examples of: FINANCIAL CXC’s Recording and Business


Keeping – given farm -Vegetable OR recommended reporting practical Education
Basic Farm records production, ACCOUNTS Farm Records day-to-day
Records and according to -Broiler RECORDS formats found activities on the - Assets
their their production in “A Guide to school farm - Inventory
usefulness respective -Income and - Profit and School Based - Depreciation
(cont’d) groups expenditure Loss Account Assessment Revision of work - Budgets
records - Monthly in Agricultural done on keeping
Interpret data cash flow Science for of farm diary in
based on - Cumulative CXC” Level 7
observations cash flow
recorded in - Sales Agricultural Inventorise tools
the farm diary -Complete Science for and equipment in
budget Caribbean 3 the agricultural
Re-examine - Partial by Ralph department at
the farm budget Persad your school
inventories Ch. 14
available and All farm The Business Inventorise other
note stock resources farms other assets found on
changes must be Agricultural another school
organized Text Book farm or Practical
and utilized in Agricultural Center
the best
possible way
to realize a
profit

9
TOPIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES CONTENT MATERIALS METHOD/ EVALUATION AREA(S) OF
SKILLS KNOWLEDGE UNDERSTANDING ATTITUDE STRATEGIES INTEGRATION

Record Accounting
Keeping – and
Basic Farm budgeting are
Records and essentials of
their a farmer’s
usefulness production
(cont’d) program

Accounts or
Financial
records
provide farm
managers
with realistic
information
on the current
financial
status of the
whole farm
and individual
units

10
TOPIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES CONTENT MATERIALS METHOD/ EVALUATION AREA(S) OF
SKILLS KNOWLEDGE UNDERSTANDING ATTITUDE STRATEGIES INTEGRATION

Record LABOUR Reproduce


Keeping – - wages correct
Basic Farm - weekly time formats for a
Records and sheet vegetable
their - individual production,
usefulness labour record crop
(cont’d) production
-INVENTOR- and income
IES and expenses
record
- FARM
DIARY OR Use data from
FARM LOG the School
BOOK farm or
practical
BREEDING Instruction
RECORD Center to
make
A breeding recordings in
record is a these formats
special type
of production
record, which
is kept on
animals that
are used for
breeding

11
TOPIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES CONTENT MATERIALS METHOD/ EVALUATION AREA(S) OF
SKILLS KNOWLEDGE UNDERSTANDING ATTITUDE STRATEGIES INTEGRATION

Swine: Identify the Terms used in Appreciate Terms and Photographs of Observing Assessment Language
Terms and different types swine the need to definitions different types photographs of of students’: Arts
Definitions of swine production use the e.g. of swine the different -Report and
correct 1. Boar- types of swine record of Description of
Recording terms and male Video-cassette observations different types
and reporting definitions mature hog with recorded Discussion of of swine
observations that are information on observations
of different used in 2. Gilt swine activities
types of swine female pig, Video/T.V
swine production which has Questionnaires presentations
not yet for conducing
produced interviews with Collecting
piglet etc. farmers photograph and
pictures
3. Sow
Compile
4. Barrow scrapbook on
different types of
5. Piglets swine

6. Weavers Field trips to farms

7. Fatteners Select the


correct terms
and definitions to
complete the
blank, which
occur in
sentences

Match terms
associated with
correct
definitions

12
TOPIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES CONTENT MATERIALS METHOD/ EVALUATION AREA(S) OF
SKILLS KNOWLEDGE UNDERSTANDING ATTITUDE STRATEGIES INTEGRATION

Swine: Identify Definition of The importance of Appreciate Definition of Places of Observation of Assessment of Language
The external swine “swine” each external part the need to “swine” interest e.g. swine students Arts
parts of the pig of the pig give precise zoo drawing and
Identify The external descriptions Draw and Group discussion labelling of the Description of
the parts of the pig on the label the Pigsty in the on observations external parts the pig
external location of external community of the swine
parts of a The functions external parts of the Teachers Social Studies
pig of each parts of the pig Video tapes presentation
external part pig Uses of the pig
Identify of the pig Body T.V. Report on
body positions: observations and Art & Craft
positions The position in Students discussions
of a pig which each - dorsal compile a Drawing and
external part - ventral scrapbook labelling
Draw and of the pig is - lateral on the pig
recognize located - anterior
the - posterior Agricultural
external Science for
parts of a Secondary
pig Schools in
Guyana
BK 3

Chart to
show the
basic body
positions

13
TOPIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES CONTENT MATERIALS METHOD/ EVALUATION AREA(S) OF
SKILLS KNOWLEDGE UNDERSTANDING ATTITUDE STRATEGIES INTEGRATION

Swine: Recording The origin of The advantages Appreciate Origin and Photographs Observation of Assessment Language
The external and reporting swine and disadvantages the domestication of swine pig farms of students’: Arts
parts of the observations of rearing swine importance of swine -Collections of
pig (cont’d) of swine Domestication of rearing production in Film strip Viewing Audio- photographs Written
of swine in swine in Guyana and slides Visual cassette and contents expression of
The use of Guyana Guyana on pig farming advantages
pork product The Agricultural -Scrap books and
Pork products proportion Science for Discussion of on “swine and disadvantages
on the market (about 20%) the observations pork products” of swine
of the farming Caribbean
The use of population of Bk. 2 Page Handouts Home
pork products Guyana that 100 Economics
rear swine for Research
marketing Labels of Use of pork
purposes pork Field trip products
products visits to the
market/
supermarkets

14
TOPIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES CONTENT MATERIALS METHOD/ EVALUATION AREA(S) OF
SKILLS KNOWLEDGE UNDERSTANDING ATTITUDE STRATEGIES INTEGRATION

Draw and Identify the The external The relationship Appreciate 1. External Video Observation of Assessment Language
label the Pig external parts parts of pig between: the need to parts of a pig: cassettes on external parts of of students’: Arts
of a pig e.g. ear, poll, name the pigs. a pig
hind flank etc., -The external parts external 1. Ear - Labelling of Art
Identify of the pig and their parts 2. Poll Drawing of Discussion of the external
features of The features functions correctly 3. Neck pigs showing observations parts of a pig Drawing and
healthy of: 4. Shoulder body labelling
animals - healthy -The external parts 5. Back positions: Collection of -Matching the
animals of the pig to their 6. Loin - dorsal features and external parts
Identify position on body 7. Rump - ventral clippings of the pig to
features of - sick animals e.g. the loin is 8. Ham - interior the position on
sick animals dorsally positioned 9. Hind leg - posterior Interview with the body
10. Side etc - anterior farmers

Charts Drawing and


showing labelling the
other parts diagram of a pig
e.g. neck,
flank etc.

15
TOPIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES CONTENT MATERIALS METHOD/ EVALUATION AREA(S) OF
SKILLS KNOWLEDGE UNDERSTANDING ATTITUDE STRATEGIES INTEGRATION

Types of Identify the The different The differences Appreciate Types of Video Observing swine Assessment Language
Swine types of swine types of swine and similarities of the diversity swine in Cassette on school and of students’ Arts
reared in in Guyana and rearing swine in of swine Guyana and community farms reports on:
Guyana and the Caribbean Guyana and in the reared in Caribbean: School and Report writing
the Caribbean Caribbean Guyana community Interview with The types of
The features and the Meat farms resource persons swine reared Social Studies
Recognise associated Caribbean 1. Hampshire in Guyana and
some of the with each type 2. Berkshire Resource Collect pictures the Caribbean
differences of swine 3. Duroc/ persons on types of swine Types and
and reared in Jersey from the The uses of swine
similarities in Guyana and 4. Poland local farms Compile a differences in Guyana and
the external the Caribbean chind Dual scrapbook of and the Caribbean
features of the Purpose Agricultural swine reared in similarities of
types of swine The Science for Guyana each type
reared in differences 1. British Secondary swine
Guyana and and similarities Saddle back Schools in
the Caribbean in the external Guyana
features of 2. Large
types of swine black Pages 100
reared in to 101
Guyana and 3. Bacon
the Caribbean
4. Tamworth
The need to
select the Landrace
appropriate
type for the
purpose
reared

16
TOPIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES CONTENT MATERIALS METHOD/ EVALUATION AREA(S) OF
SKILLS KNOWLEDGE UNDERSTANDING ATTITUDE STRATEGIES INTEGRATION

Breeds of Identify The breeds of The differences of Appreciate Breeds refer School farm Observation of Assessment
Swine breeds of swine reared the different breeds the value to inherited and farms in Swine on farms on students’
Reared in swine reared in Guyana and of swine found in and use of characteristics the report on the
Guyana and in Guyana the Caribbean Guyana and the the different which community Group discussion breeds of
the and the Caribbean breeds of distinguish about swine in
Caribbean Caribbean The swine one animal Video observations of Guyana and
characteristics reared in from another cassettes swine the Caribbean
of the different Guyana of the same
breeds found and the kind Resource Video Cassettes
in Guyana and Caribbean persons
the Caribbean Collecting
Agricultural pictures
The demand Science for
for the Secondary Interviews with
different Schools in farmers
breeds of Guyana BK
swine reared 2 page 100-
in Guyana and 103
the Caribbean

17
TOPIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES CONTENT MATERIALS METHOD/ EVALUATION AREA(S) OF
SKILLS KNOWLEDGE UNDERSTANDING ATTITUDE STRATEGIES INTEGRATION

Types of Recognise the The The need for Appreciate Factors to Swine pens Observations of Assessment English
housing for characteristic characteristic consideration to be the change consider at schools swine houses on on students’ Language
swine features of features of a given to the type of in when and in the visits to farms reports the:
swine houses swine house swine to be reared landscape constructing community Report writing
and the purpose for when housing for Discussions of -Factors to
Identify the The which they are buildings swine: Resource observations of consider when Technical
different types importance of reared when are erected persons in swine houses designing Drawing
of houses for these features constructing -Adequate swine swine houses
swine in building houses foe swine warmth for production Interviews with Design of
houses for pigs farmers - Importance Swine houses
swine Agricultural of these
- Comfortable For Reporting on factors for
sleeping and Secondary resource persons building
resting Schools in and persons houses for
quarters Guyana Bk. interviewed swine
2 pages
- Adequate 105-107 Compiling and
space for display of
field and information on
water etc swine houses

- Proper
sanitation

- Site on
which the
house is
constructed
etc

18
TOPIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES CONTENT MATERIALS METHOD/ EVALUATION AREA(S) OF
SKILLS KNOWLEDGE UNDERSTANDING ATTITUDE STRATEGIES INTEGRATION

Management Identify the The The important Appreciate Management Video tapes Visits to Assessment Language
of Swine at different management stages of swine the need to of swine community and of students’ Arts
different stages of practices at management treat (a) Farrowing Resource school farms report on
Stages swine every stage of animals (b) Weaning persons observations Reports
management swine The importance of according (c) Fattening School and at each stage Oral
management each type of feed in to their (d) Breeding Interviews community farms. of swine discussion
e.g. Farrowing the ration needs sows/gift boar with farmers management
e.g. Discussion of
The Management Agricultural observations
differences of at farrowing Science for
management Secondary Display
at every stage 1. Admini- Schools in scrapbook
stering of Guyana Pg.
The types of error injection 114-119
feeds
2. Brooding
The nutrient
content of 3. Cutting
each type and
disinfecting of
manual cord

Clipping of
needle teeth

19
TOPIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES CONTENT MATERIALS METHOD/ EVALUATION AREA(S) OF
SKILLS KNOWLEDGE UNDERSTANDING ATTITUDE STRATEGIES INTEGRATION

Management Identify the The variety of The need to use Appreciate Management School and Observation of Assessment Language
Systems in different systems used to the system the factors of swine: community Management of students’ Arts
Swine systems rear swine appropriate for the that (a) Extensive farms System report on the:
Production – used to rear farmer and type of influence the system Description of
Extensive, swine The features of swine reared management Video Discussion of - Systems features
Intensive, each system of swine (b) Intensive cassettes observations used in the
Semi- Recognise The differences system management
Intensive the The importance among the systems Resource Interviews with of swine
differences of the features of and make (c) Semi- persons farmers
Management among the each system comparisons intensive -Features of
of Swine at different system Agricultural Displaying each system
different systems The differences Science for pictures of the
stages of used to rear of the different Secondary different - Differences
growth swine systems used to Schools in systems deserved
rear swine Guyana BK. among the
Recognize 2 pp 103- Displaying management
the features The areas for 104 scrapbooks system
of each improvement of
system each system

The
recommendations
made for
improvement to
each system

20
TOPIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES CONTENT MATERIALS METHOD/ EVALUATION AREA(S) OF
SKILLS KNOWLEDGE UNDERSTANDING ATTITUDE STRATEGIES INTEGRATION

Common Identify some The methods The diseases which Willingness Common School and Observation of Assessment Language
Pest and common of controlling affect swine and to use diseases of community swine affected by of students’ Arts
Diseases – diseases of diseases state how they can preventative swine farms diseases and
Piglet swine which affect be methods - Piglet pests -Reporting on Report writing
anemia, swine prevented/controlled before anemia Swine, observations
Souring, Hog Identify some attempting - Scouring which suffer Observation of Written
cholera pests of The methods Discuss the effect of any other - Hog from preventative -Recording in expression of
Common swine of controlling pests which affect method - Cholera diseases practices farm drains observations
pest – external pests, which swine and state how and pest
External – internal affect swine they can be Common Discussion of -Collection of
Mites cause externally and controlled pests Agricultural observations pictures of
mage, Lice- internally - Mites Science For infected
cause scaly - Lice Secondary Interviews with swine
skin - Lungworms Schools in resource persons
Internal: 1. -Round Guyana Pg from local farms -Display of
Lungworms, worms 121-124 scrapbooks
2. Round-
worms Preven-tative
Methods
- Good
sanitation
- Nutrition
- Good
Management
practices

21
TOPIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES CONTENT MATERIALS METHOD/ EVALUATION AREA(S) OF
SKILLS KNOWLEDGE UNDERSTANDING ATTITUDE STRATEGIES INTEGRATION

Selection of Selection of Six (6) factors The importance of Appreciate The selection Agricultural Discussion of the Assessment Social Studies
Crops four (4) crop which considering the need to of crops Science for factors that of students’
types, a fruit, influence crop environmental consider suitable for a Secondary influence crop selection and - The local
legume leaf selection factors before environmental particular Schools in selection propagation environment
and root crop selecting different factors, which region or an Guyana Bk. of crops e.g
suitable to crop type for influence the area 2 Ch. 1 pp Field trips to legume, fruit, - The
the area cultivation selection of depends on : 1&2 local farms leaf and root resources of
where the crops for Guyana
school farm cultivation -Climate Caribbean Field trips to two
is located - Soil type Agricultural (2) other - The natural
- Labour and Science administrative regions of
capital Bk. 2 by A. I regions, e.g. Guyana
- Transporta- Henry (2nd (coastal plain
tion and Edition) and hinter land)
marketing to observe
facilities Agricultural environmental
Science for factors as well as
-Socio- Secondary selection of
economic Schools in crops
factors Guyana
BK. 1
- Definition Chapter 3
and P20
explanation
of the factors
that influence
crop
selection

22
TOPIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES CONTENT MATERIALS METHOD/ EVALUATION AREA(S) OF
SKILLS KNOWLEDGE UNDERSTANDING ATTITUDE STRATEGIES INTEGRATION

Land Perform land The different The importance of Willingness to The process Agricultural Field trips to sugar Assessment
preparation preparation activities land preparation in carry out all of land Science For plantations, rice of students’
activities for involved in the crop production land preparation Secondary fields and other report on the:
root, fruit, process of preparation involves the Schools in crop farms
leaf and land activities following Guyana Bk 2 (i) Types of
legume preparation systematically activities: pp 3-10 Lecture/Discussions land clearing
crops - Land on land preparation
Manual land clearing Agricultural (ii) Construc-
Construct clearing and - Laying out Plantations, Demonstration tion of beds
beds and mechanical - Ploughing Vegetable lessons and drains
drains for an land clearing - Harrowing plots, school and or ridges
Agricultural activities - Mulching farm and Resource persons and furrows
plot Practical
The Selection -Construct Instruction Observing and
Use correct of crops in -ing of beds Centers using tools,
implements relation to land and rains, or machinery
and/or clearing ridges and Agricultural equipment and
materials to furrows tools, material inputs
perform machinery,
tasks -Mixing in equipment
manures and material
inputs
-Applying
pesticides A guide to
School
Types of Based
land Assessment
clearing
activities
- Manual
land
clearing

23
TOPIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES CONTENT MATERIALS METHOD/ EVALUATION AREA(S) OF
SKILLS KNOWLEDGE UNDERSTANDING ATTITUDE STRATEGIES INTEGRATION

Land Perform the The activities The processes Willingness - Mechanical Agricultural Demonstrations Assessment Social Studies
Preparation assignment involved in the involved in land to change, land clearing Text book on on land clearing of Students’
(cont’d) with correct process of preparation adopt or - Land land activities use of Land clearing
agricultural land activities modify preparation preparation different land and land
implements preparation procedures techniques activities Field trip to farms preparation utilization
and/or The consequences to suit where land activities in
materials as The order of of poor land specific Chart clearing activities cultivating
well as showing techniques preparation crops showing are carried out vegetable
resourcefulness involved in techniques different crops from the
in their using simple Willingness activities Students’ four groups;
absence tools and to carry out involvement in root, fruit,
equipment for activities in Pictures of land preparation legume and
Identify the land the correct implement activities leaf
activities preparation order for ploughing
involved in the activities example of Assessment
process of land manures, of students’
preparation The need for limestone, performance
the activities pesticides of land
Operate simple involved in clearing
tools and land Video activities
equipment preparation cassettes of
used for land activities
preparation associated
with land
preparation

24
TOPIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES CONTENT MATERIALS METHOD/ EVALUATION AREA(S) OF
SKILLS KNOWLEDGE UNDERSTANDING ATTITUDE STRATEGIES INTEGRATION

Propagation Identify the parts The definition There are Willingness Propagation Agricultural Laboratory Assessment IScience
of crops - of of propagation characteristics of to apply of plants is Science for work of students’:
Sexual monocotyledonous seeds which should scientific the growing Secondary on the school Sexual and
Reproduction and The two types be considered in principles of plants by Schools Bk farm -Use of ten Asexual
dicotyledonous of plant the selection of and using 2 pp 10-18 corn seeds reproduction
seeds propagation good seeds for practices to different Field trip to and ten bean
sowing crop plant Seeds of Government seeds to The flowering
Conduct viability The production materials. vegetable Agriculture conduct plant
test on selected procedures for There are plants and Nursery and viability tests
seeds plant two basic ornamentals Practical and their Germination
propagation in types of Instruction calculation of experiments
Prepare seed seed boxes plant Petri dish, Center germination
boxes for selected from propagation cotton wool percentage Home
seeds which need preparation of 1. Asexual etc. to carry Economics
to be first sown in seed box to propagation out -Construction
a nursery transplanting of 2. Sexual germination of seed boxes Vegetables i.e.
seedlings reproduction tests according to types and
Calculate which uses specified classification
germination Sexual of seeds to Seed boxes dimensions
percentage propagation produce new and nursery Social Studies
plants sheds Use of
Carry out The two groups information Care of the
experiments to of Two types of from the unit environment
test the conditions seeds/flowering seeds to differentiate
necessary for plants 1.Mono- between
germination cotyledonous monocot and
The e.g. corn dicot plants
requirements seeds
for germination 2. Dictoyle-
donous e.g.
black-eye
seeds

25
TOPIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES CONTENT MATERIALS METHOD/ EVALUATION AREA(S) OF
SKILLS KNOWLEDGE UNDERSTANDING ATTITUDE STRATEGIES INTEGRATION

Propagation Epigeal and Willingness Parts of a Agricultural


of crops - hypogeal to improve seed: plots and
Sexual germination the school - the testa school farms
Reproduction environment - the cotyle-
(cont’d) by dons
propagating - the embryo
vegetable - the plumule
plants and - the radicle
flowers - the endo-
sperm

Selection of
seeds:

-Healthy,
mature,
large, whole
seeds free
from damage
should be
selected
from healthy,
highly
productive
parent plants

26
TOPIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES CONTENT MATERIALS METHOD/ EVALUATION AREA(S) OF
SKILLS KNOWLEDGE UNDERSTANDING ATTITUDE STRATEGIES INTEGRATION

Propagation Requirements
of crops - of
Sexual germination
Reproduction - Moisture
(cont’d) -
Temperature
- Air
- Light

Conducting
viability test

Epigeal
germination
hypogeal
germination

The Nursery
as a place
where seeds
are sown until
they
germinate
and develop
into mature
seedlings

27
TOPIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES CONTENT MATERIALS METHOD/ EVALUATION AREA(S) OF
SKILLS KNOWLEDGE UNDERSTANDING ATTITUDE STRATEGIES INTEGRATION

Propagation Seed boxes


of crops - Preparation
Sexual of seed box
Reproduction for sowing:
(cont’d)
- Sowing
seeds in
seed boxes

- Seed
germination

- Post
germination
care

- Hardening
off

28
TOPIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES CONTENT MATERIALS METHOD/ EVALUATION AREA(S) OF
SKILLS KNOWLEDGE UNDERSTANDING ATTITUDE STRATEGIES INTEGRATION

Propagation Perform Asexual The differences Appreciate Vegetative Agricultural Observations Assessment of Science
of crops - budding reproduction between natural the value of reproduction Science for of vegetative students’ reports
Asexual operations at and artificial using is the Secondary reproduction of their Vegetative
Reproduction school or at The two types vegetative vegetative production Schools Bk. observations/visits organs
an orchard of vegetative reproduction reproduction of new plant 2 pp. 18-24. Visit to a plant to nursery
crop nursery reproduction to maintain by and ways nursery and Home
The benefits of desirable other than Agricultural flower plant Economics
Identify The various vegetative characteristics by planting Science for shop
various food types of reproduction of flowering of seeds Secondary Vegetables i.e.
storage grafting compared to plants Schools by List and types and
(modified planting by seeds The two Ralph P discuss the classifications
organs) used Examples of types of Persaud ch. plant
for modified Plants are vegetative 10 pp. 65- propagation Social Studies
propagation organs that are propagated for life reproduction 68. methods used
propagated as well as to are: Care of the
Plant an beautify the Potted Visit a NARI environment
ornamental Definition of environment - Natural plants, knife, plant nursery
plant the term reproduction tap for
layering secateurs, demonstration
Propagate - Artificial bud wood of one hard
plants by vegetative and other plant
layering reproduction grafting and propagation
budding then carry out
materials budding and
grafting
exercises at
the nursery or
school farm

29
TOPIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES CONTENT MATERIALS METHOD/ EVALUATION AREA(S) OF
SKILLS KNOWLEDGE UNDERSTANDING ATTITUDE STRATEGIES INTEGRATION

Propagation Natural Agricultural Assessment Assessment


of crops - vegetative Nurseries of students’ of students’
Asexual reproduction and Plots on the school reports on
Reproduction is unaided by farm of PIC budding of
(cont’d) man Practical cultivate one citrus and
Instruction crop type grafting of
Techniques Centers using tubers, mangoes in
of layering (PIC) corns, bulbs, Guyana
rhizomes or
Above A guide to suckers
ground or School
underground: Based Prepare
- leaves, Assessment container and
stems or soil mixture
roots are all and pot an
capable of ornamental
natural plant
vegetative
parts that
may be
modified
organs

Examples
are:
- tubers,
corns, bulbs,
rhizomes
and suckers

30
TOPIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES CONTENT MATERIALS METHOD/ EVALUATION AREA(S) OF
SKILLS KNOWLEDGE UNDERSTANDING ATTITUDE STRATEGIES INTEGRATION

Propagation Budding and Types of


of crops - grafting is carried artificial
Asexual out between makes vegetative
Reproduction of closely related reproduction:
(cont’d) spews
-Budding e.g.
citrus plants
-Grafting e.g.
mango plants

Budding and
grafting must
be done
between
members of
closely related
species,
which have
the desirable
characteristics

31
TOPIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES CONTENT MATERIALS METHOD/ EVALUATION AREA(S) OF
SKILLS KNOWLEDGE UNDERSTANDING ATTITUDE STRATEGIES INTEGRATION

Propagation Preparation
of crops - of the root
Asexual stock
Reproduction budding
(cont’d) operation

Types of
grafting:
-Cleft of
terminal
grafting
-Veneer
grafting
-Grafting by
approach
-Layering
and air
layering
-Simple
layering

32
TOPIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES CONTENT MATERIALS METHOD/ EVALUATION AREA(S) OF
SKILLS KNOWLEDGE UNDERSTANDING ATTITUDE STRATEGIES INTEGRATION

Care and Apply Five common The link between Show a love Following the Agricultural Field trips to Assessment Social Studies
Maintenance fertilizers practices in irrigation and for plants establishment Science for observe cultural of students’:
of Crops according to caring and environmental and the of seedlings, Secondary practices Care of the
crop needs maintaining factors, rainfall, environment a number of Schools in -Essay(s) on Environment
cultivated available moisture by properly maintenance Guyana Bk. Practical work on a the topics:
Select and crops etc. caring and operations are 2 ch1 pp 25- farm Chemical Language
use chemical maintaining necessary, 33 weed control Arts
and other Definition of The value of the crops but these vary Visit MMA or Black is the best
methods to the term Chemical weed which are from crop to School Bush Polder and method of Essay Writing
control weeds irrigation control as against cultivated at crop. farms and report on water controlling
in the school the other weed home and at The practices Practical management and weeds
garden Sources of control methods school common to Instruction irrigation practices and refer to
irrigation water many crops Centers at either scheme the other
Select and Apply safety are as follows: weed control
use available The value of precautions -irrigation Agricultural Visit a sugar
material to various when using - weed control tools plantation and rice Methods in
mulch crops methods of chemicals in - mulching Knapsack field and write on your
grown in the irrigation agricultural - fertilizer Sprayers the various cultural discussion
school garden production application practices used in cultivate the
Definition of -pest and Nitrogenous care and four types of
the term disease Phosphate maintenance of vegetables
mulching control Fertilisers crops namely root,
fruit, leaf and
Weeds that Large farms legume
can be harmful and
to crops Agricultural
plantations

33
TOPIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES CONTENT MATERIALS METHOD/ EVALUATION AREA(S) OF
SKILLS KNOWLEDGE UNDERSTANDING ATTITUDE STRATEGIES INTEGRATION

Care and Various Irrigation -Work in


Maintenance methods of is the artificial groups to
of Crops weed control application of apply various
(cont’d) water to the cultural
Contact and soil so as to practices in
systemic ensure an caring and
weedicides adequate maintaining
supply of the crops
The effects of moisture to cultivated
pest and meet the crop
diseases in the needs
cultivation of
crops Environmental
factors,
readily
available
moisture etc.
have a
direct
relationship to
irrigation

Sources of
irrigation
water:
-rivers,
-streams,
-lakes
-reservoirs
etc.

34
TOPIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES CONTENT MATERIALS METHOD/ EVALUATION AREA(S) OF
SKILLS KNOWLEDGE UNDERSTANDING ATTITUDE STRATEGIES INTEGRATION

Care and Methods of Social Studies


Maintenance irrigation:
of Crops Care of the
(cont’d) -Channel environment
(Furrow)
Irrigation
-Sprinkler
Drip (trickle)
Irrigation

Purpose of
Mulching

Fertilizer
application
and the
reasons for
the use of:
-Nitrogen
- Phosph-
rous
-Potassium

Pest and
disease
control

35
TOPIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES CONTENT MATERIALS METHOD/ EVALUATION AREA(S) OF
SKILLS KNOWLEDGE UNDERSTANDING ATTITUDE STRATEGIES INTEGRATION

Care and Harmful


Maintenance effects of
of Crops weeds
(cont’d)
Methods of
weed control:
- Hand pulling
- Inter-tillage
-Flooding
- Fertilizers
and manure

Chemical
weed control:
-Contract
non-selective
weedicides

-Selective
contact
weedicides

-Systemic
(translocated)
weedicides

36
TOPIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES CONTENT MATERIALS METHOD/ EVALUATION AREA(S) OF
SKILLS KNOWLEDGE UNDERSTANDING ATTITUDE STRATEGIES INTEGRATION

Tools in Identify - Nursery The importance of Willingness Tools used School Examine tools Assessment Industrial Arts
Crop machinery and management using suitable tools to ensure for: garden, tool of students’:
Cultivation tools used for (budding, and equipment and that tools -Land and Observe - Fixing,
specific cuttings) application of the are used preparation equipment demonstrations -Identification repairing and
purposes in crop correct techniques with care for - Seed box on the farm and of tools used sharpening of
cultivation - Inter- for crop cultivation intended nursery and Firm strip on field trips for specific tools
cultivation purposes seedbed purposes
Use machinery only preparation Using tools Simple
and tools Irrigation Budding, correctly and -Drawing the machines
correctly on the cuttings applying the right diagrams and
farm - Plant -inter- techniques for labelling tools
protection cultivation specific purposes used for
Draw labelled - Irrigation different
diagrams to - Harvesting - Plant Assisting in farm purposes
show parts of protection activities
tools/implements - Harvesting
used on the farm Collecting
for crop pictures of various
cultivation machinery tools

Visits to farms
where the above
tools are in use

37
TOPIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES CONTENT MATERIALS METHOD/ EVALUATION AREA(S) OF
SKILLS KNOWLEDGE UNDERSTANDING ATTITUDE STRATEGIES INTEGRATION

Tools in Use tools and The correct The importance of Practice the Use of Agricultural Demonstrations Assessment Physical
Crop implements use of different using the correct correct machinery machines using machinery of students’: Education
Cultivation correctly and machinery and techniques step by techniques and tools: and tools and tools
(cont’d) carefully so as tools in crop step using with caution - use tools for -Use, and Displaying
to avoid injury cultivation on appropriate tools the correct -School Demonstration of handling of correct posture
of self/others the farm for different Use of purpose garden supervised machine and
and damage activities caring practice sessions tools in a Science
to tools and The use of procedures - apply the Film strips sequential an
plants machinery and to extend right Assist in caring orderly Oxidation
tools correctly the technique(s) - lubricating tools and manner reaction
Follow the (i.e right usefulness oil machinery
steps involved posture, depth, of tools - use the -Caring and
in caring tools etc.) to avoid tools with - oil pumps storing tools
for long life damage to care and rags
tools. caution
Sharpen tools
for efficient The care of Tools must
performance different always be
machinery and cleaned,
tools for long washed,
life dried, oiled
and greased
The care tools (if necessary)
to prevent and stored in
rusting safe place
after use

38
TOPIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES CONTENT MATERIALS METHOD/ EVALUATION AREA(S) OF
SKILLS KNOWLEDGE UNDERSTANDING ATTITUDE STRATEGIES INTEGRATION

Tools in Select seed The features The relationship of Careful Seed Nursery bed, Examine seed Assessment Mathematics
Crop boxes/containers/nursery of: the features of selection of boxes/container School boxes for of students’
Cultivation beds that are suitable for A good seed seed boxes, convenient must meet garden, adequate drawings of Dimension of
(cont’d) growing seedlings box containers and and suitable certain Seed box, space, depth, containers seed box and
Container nursery beds to the seed requirements: containers, drainage and and seed nursery beds
Nursery bed vigorous growth of box/container - easy to Garden soil, easy transport boxes
seedlings or nursery transport Well rotted Calculating the
The bed to raise -provision to pen manure, Demonstrations quantity of
importance of seedlings drain excess Sand and of seed boxes, seedlings
selecting and water. nursery tools and containers required for a
using seed -sufficient depth given seed box
boxes, excess water Charts to Discussion of
containers, - sufficient show: observations of Industrial Arts
nursery bed depth for root - dimension seed boxes
which have growth of seed and nursery Construction of
the desired - certain boxes beds seed boxes
dimensions, amount of - special
depth, shade features of
drainage etc seed box
Nursery beds
need to be
located in a
well-drained
loamy soil

39
TOPIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES CONTENT MATERIALS METHOD/ EVALUATION AREA(S) OF
SKILLS KNOWLEDGE UNDERSTANDING ATTITUDE STRATEGIES INTEGRATION

Tools in Identify the The materials The importance of Appreciate Seed School garden, Demonstration Assessment Science
Crop necessary that are providing adequate the need to box/containers seed of the main of students’
Cultivation components and needed for nutrients, aeration, follow components: box/containers, features of a performance Decomposition
(cont’d) mix them to form preparing depth and moisture guidelines garden soil, pen seed box in the field of raw pen
potting mixture for potting mixture to the production of on ratio of - Garden soil manure/compost, manure/compost
seed boxes and for seed boxes vigorous, healthy each - Wet rotted pen sand, by micro-
containers and containers seedlings component manure/compost appropriate tools, organisms
of potting - Sand charts to show:-
Demonstrate mixture and ratio of Nitrogen cycle
the techniques the Ratio of each components for
of preparing sequence component preparing potting Porosity
potting mixture that needs soil
for seed boxes to be Steps in mixing Capillary rise of
and containers followed in different Cross –section of water
mixing and components: a prepared seed
Abnormal filling it in box
seedling seed boxes - Filling the seed
growth and the and box/container
possible containers with potting
contributing mixture
factors - Leveling and
compacting the
mixture in seed
box/container

40
TOPIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES CONTENT MATERIALS METHOD/ EVALUATION AREA(S) OF
SKILLS KNOWLEDGE UNDERSTANDING ATTITUDE STRATEGIES INTEGRATION

Tools in Demonstrate the The rates of The consequences


Crop preparation of seed different of an imbalance in
Cultivation box (filling seed box components the ratio of the
(cont’d) with potting mixture) that make up components of
and sowing seeds the potting seed boxes
mixture
Demonstrate the steps
in the preparation of a The steps
nursery bed involved in
preparing a
Sow seeds in nursery bed-
seedboxes or on free from weeds
nursery beds - with suitable
crumb structure
Predict the outcome if - adequate
there is an imbalance depth
in the ratio of - adequate
components plant nutrients

41
TOPIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES CONTENT MATERIALS METHOD/ EVALUATION AREA(S) OF
SKILLS KNOWLEDGE UNDERSTANDING ATTITUDE STRATEGIES INTEGRATION

Tools Identify signs of The care that Seedlings need Willingness Seedlings Seed boxes, Observe carefully the Assessment Science
used in poor growth of needs to be special care while to: need to: containers growth of seedlings in of students’
crop seedlings provided from they are in seed nursery seed performance Growth of
cultivation germination of boxes/containers - Care and - Be free beds, boxes/containers/nursery in the field seedlings
(cont’d) Identify signs of seeds to and nursery beds nurse from weed watering can beds
vigorous, healthy transplanting and those seedlings competition with fine Assessment Germination
growth of seedlings in requirements need for them to - Have rose, Discussions based on of farm diary
seedlings the field to be met as and grow adequate suitable observations
(seedbeds) when they arise vigorously, moisture tools
Identify free from -Have Assisting in the care of
environmental The processes pests and adequate Charts to seedlings
factors which involved in diseases nutrients for show stages
contribute to poor caring for good growth of
growth of plants during -Thin out of seedlings germination
seedlings germination of weak, - Free from
seeds to stunted or pests and Seedlings
Use farm diary to transplanting long, diseases growth
record students’ seedlings in straggly -Thin out
activities and the field seedlings in weak, Parts of a
observations and the seed stunted or seedling
evaluative Causes of box/nursery long,
comments poor growth of beds straggly
seedlings seedlings in
the seed
Causes of box/ nursery
vigorous beds
growth of
seedlings

Hardening of
seedlings

42
TOPIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES CONTENT MATERIALS METHOD/ EVALUATION AREA(S) OF
SKILLS KNOWLEDGE UNDERSTANDING ATTITUDE STRATEGIES INTEGRATION

Vegetable Select the The desirable The need for: Selecting Characteristics School garden, plants Demonstrations Assessment Science
Propagation right variety features for high of a desirable from which to take stem of students’
– cuttings, of plant for selecting stem - Consumer yielding, variety cuttings Supervised performance Stem cutting
budding taking stem cuttings preference disease practical in the field
cuttings - High yield free Desirable Flow chart to show sessions Structure of the
The - pest and disease varieties parts of the preparation of stem stem.
Identify the importance of resistance when and ones plant to take cuttings for planting Discussions
desirable selecting the selecting varieties for that have stem cutting. Mathematics
part of the right part of stem cuttings consumer Sharp knife Field trips
plant to the stem for demand Size of stem Fungicides like Length of stem
make taking stem The importance of cutting Thiram
cuttings for cuttings making stem cuttings Cuttings root
plant with 3-4 nodes on it Charts to show: systems
propagation The right size
e.g sweet of stem cutting -Structure of stem
potato cuttings;-

-Structure of growing
stem cuttings

43
TOPIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES CONTENT MATERIALS METHOD/ EVALUATION AREA(S) OF
SKILLS KNOWLEDGE UNDERSTANDING ATTITUDE STRATEGIES INTEGRATION

Vegetable Identify and The desirable The importance of Appreciates Selection of Plants in Nursery bed or Examination Assessment Science
Propagation select characteristics relevant tools and the need: suitable potted plants, bud wood of stock and of students’
– cuttings, suitable of root stock materials used in scion and scion for their performance Bud
budding varieties to and scion budding. -To select root stock Sharp knife suitability in the field Cambium
(cont’d) be used as the right
root-stock The necessary The importance of type of Tools and Budding tape Discussion of Assessment Internal
and scion tools and the aftercare stocks and materials observations of students’ structure of the
for budding other materials operations of the scions to needed to Chart to show transverse group reports stem
in citrus needed to budding plants after arrive at a assist in the section of dicot stem Supervised on budding
carry out the budding has been desirable budding practice exercise
Identify budding completed budded operation Flow chart to show the sessions
tools and exercise plant preparation of root stock
other The reasons why the Procedures and scion for budding Visit
materials The procedure bud may or may not -For careful involved in Horticultural
needed to involved in the grow after the handling of the station to
carry out budding budding exercise scion and performance observe the
the process exercise was carried out stock during of budding steps involved
of budding budding in in budding
After care and order to After care
Carry out maintenance ensure and Presentation
budding in of budding successful maintenance of Group
the field plant union of the activities for reports
two budded
plants onto
Care of the the time of
budded transplanting
plants after field
budding
until they
are
transplanted
in the field

44
TOPIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES CONTENT MATERIALS METHOD/ EVALUATION AREA(S) OF
SKILLS KNOWLEDGE UNDERSTANDING ATTITUDE STRATEGIES INTEGRATION

Seedbeds Use The different The relationship Appreciates Land Hand tools Demonstrations Assessment Mathematics
and appropriate types of tools between the features the use of a preparation Tractor drawn implements of students’
Planting hand tools that are used of the different straight line Supervised performance Length, width,
or tractor for various operations in land layout of - Weeding School garden practical in the field depth and area
drawn operations in preparation, weed beds with - Forking/ Measure tape sessions
implements land control, aeration, accurate ploughing Ruler
to prepare preparation to crumb structure, measurement - Chipping/ Garden line Field trips
land in form seed water infiltration etc. to give a harrowing Pegs
established beds to the vigorous good outlook Well-rotted pen manure Discussion of
seed beds growth of seedlings of the field Layout of observations
The use of beds using
Measure standardized The proper initial measuring Students assist
and mark measurement growth of seedlings tape, in layout and
the length for seedbeds depends on weed, garden line other
and breadth with drains in free seed beds with and pegs operations
of seed between them adequate moisture
beds with on flat low and nutrients Drains in
pathways lying lands low-lying
using field
measuring The role of incorporate
tape/ruler, plant nutrients pen
garden line on seedbeds manure
and pegs for vigorous level
growth of seedbeds
Construct seedlings
drains
The
Level beds incorporation
of well-rotten
Incorporate pen manure to
well rotten improve
pen manure growth of
seedlings

45
TOPIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES CONTENT MATERIALS METHOD/ EVALUATION AREA(S) OF
SKILLS KNOWLEDGE UNDERSTANDING ATTITUDE STRATEGIES INTEGRATION

Seedbeds Measure Describe the The importance of Appreciates Optimum School garden Demonstrations Mathematics
and optimum importance of optimum spacing the beauty spacing for
Planting distances correct between plants on in having plants Seeds/seedling Supervised Spacing and
(cont’d) (spacing) spacing seedbeds yield and plants on between practical Depth
between rows between planting seedbeds rows and Hand fork sessions
and within plants to avoid seeds/transplanting in a straight within rows
rows to plant shading of seedlings using line with Discussion of
seeds or leaves and correct depth in crop desired Right depth observations
transplant obstruct growth and final spacing of planting
seedlings on photosynthesis yield seeds or
seedbeds transplanting
seedling at
Plant correct
seed/transplant Recognise the depth
seedlings at importance of
definite points depth in
and correct sowing seeds
depth on the or
seedbed transplanting
seedlings on
seedbeds

46

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