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Traveling Waves and Sound: Physics 11
Traveling Waves and Sound: Physics 11
Traveling Waves and Sound: Physics 11
disturbance
direction of travel
An electromagnetic wave is a transverse
wave consisting of oscillating electric and
magnetic fields.
1
Longitudinal Wave Sound is a longitudinal wave
direction of travel
disturbance
direction of travel
Sound Sound
In sound waves, air molecules are disturbed in the same
direction as the wave.
2
Sound Sound
A speaker produces sound by a diaphragm which
oscillates back and forth.
The diaphragm produces successive regions of Regions of increased pressure are Regions of decreased pressure are
called condensations. called rarefactions.
increased pressure (condensations) and decreased
pressure (rarefactions).
Sound Sound
condensation
3
Sound An Electromagnetic Wave
4
The Electromagnetic Spectrum
A stationary sound source
Visible light makes up a very small portion (less What happens if the sound source is moving?
than one millionth of 1%) of the measured
electromagnetic spectrum.
I hear a I hear a
lower frequency higher frequency
5
The Doppler Effect
The Doppler Effect:
Formal definition: the change in frequency or
pitch of the sound detected by an observer
because the sound source and the observer have
different velocities with respect to the medium of
sound propagation.
When an observer is moving towards a stationary source, the What it means: if either you or the source of
frequency is greater (and the wavelength is smaller). sound is moving, you will hear a sound of a
When an observer is moving away from a stationary source, the different frequency than is being emitted.
frequency is smaller (and the wavelength is bigger).
6
Breaking the Sound Barrier
v
sin =
vs
v = speed of sound
vs = speed of object