VD SC Coded

Life Safety and central Battery system
Voltage Drop Calculations

Voltage drop can be calculated from the following relation
single phase circuit
Vd=2*IL (Rcosɸ+Xsinɸ) V
Three phase circuit
Vd= √3* IL (Rcosɸ+Xsinɸ) V
Vd = voltage drop
I = load current
R = AC resistance
X = Reactance
Cosɸ = power factor
L = length
X = ω l x 10^-3
Relation between Cosɸ and Sinɸ

Another method to calculate Voltage drop simply
VD = Ib x L x cable vd factor / 1000
Where :
Ib = Base current or load current (A)
L = cable length (m)
Cable Vd factor and we get it from the tables below



Now we calculated the Individual voltage drop
To calculate the accumulated from the following relation
Accumulated V.D = Individual V.D + Up stream voltage drop
V.D % = 𝐕.𝐃 (𝐚𝐜𝐜𝐮𝐦𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐝) / (𝐯)𝐒𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐜𝐞 𝐕𝐨𝐥𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐞 (𝐯) 𝒙 100
 The voltage drop on any branch circuit shall not exceed 3 % and
the accumulated V.D % = 5 % according to NEC
 Accumulated V.D % = 2.5 % according to Egyptian , KAHRAMAA
and (MEW) Kuwait codes
 Accumulated V.D % = 5 % according to DPS
 Accumulated V.D % = 4 % according to ADDC and DEWA

Maximum voltage drop according to IEC60364-5-52
Starting current of a motor can be 5 to 7 times its full-load value (or

even higher). If an 8 % voltage drop occurs at full load current, then a
drop of 40 % or more will occur during start-up.
It is recommended that the maximum value of 8 % in steady operating
conditions should not be reached on circuits which are sensitive to
under-voltage problems

Maximum voltage drop according to IEC60364-5-52
‫الكود المصري المجلد االول الباب الخامس‬
NEC-210.19
DEWA regulation 4.2.3
KAHRAMAA-604

POWER SYSTEM
DESIGN
Short Circuit
Calculations
Short Circuit Calculations
How to calculate the short circuit ?

• By using manual calculation.
• By using Schneider electric tables.
• By using supplier catalogues and Egy. code.

Manual calculation
𝑉𝑛.𝑙
Is.c =  short circuit current (KA)
𝑍𝑡
Where:
Vn.L = No load ( L-N ) secondary voltage of
distribution transformer (V)
Zt = Total impedance contributing in s.c level
(m.Ω)

Manual calculation
The electrical network contain
 Upstream (medium voltage) network
 Transformer
 Cables
 Busbars

Manual calculation
 Short circuit of upstream (medium voltage) network
Rup = Z cosɸ 10^-3 Xup = Z sinɸ 10^-3
Cos ɸ = 0.15 & Sin ɸ = 0.98
Z = V^2 / MVA(sc)
MVA(SC) is obtained from electrical authority.
R & X in mΩ therefor “Medium voltage impedance (neglected)”.

Manual calculation
 S.C at the secondary terminals of distribution transformer
Is.c = 𝑰b 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟎 / 𝒁% ….. (KA)
Where:
 Ib = (𝑺 𝒙 𝟏𝟎^3)/(𝑽𝑳 𝒙 √𝟑) ….. nominal current (A)
 S = KVA rating of transformer
 Z% = p.u impedance of transformer=Usc%
 VL = L-L secondary Voltage on open circuit (V)

Manual calculation
 S.C at the transformer
Transformer Impedance
𝑉𝐿2
Ztr = xZ%
𝐾𝑉𝐴 𝑡𝑟
Where:
Ztr = Actual ohmic impedance (m.Ω)
VL = L-L secondary Voltage on open circuit (V)
KVAtr = Transformer rating in KVA
Z % = p.u. impedance of transformer

Example
400 kVA transformer, 420 V at no load

Z% = 4 %
Ib=(400 𝒙 10^3)/(420 𝒙 √3)=550A
Isc=(550 𝒙 100)/(4)=13.7KA
Ztr = [(420^2)/400,000] 𝒙 4 = 0.17 m.Ω


Manual calculation

Manual calculation

Manual calculation
 S.C at the busbar
R = ρL/A X = 0.15L mΩ
ρ(CU) = 22.5
ρ(AL) = 36
L  Length A  cross section area
ZB.B = √(R^2 + X^2)
ZB.B  busbar impedance very small value can be (neglected)

Manual calculation
 S.C at the cable
Rc = ρL/A , Xc = 0.08 L (3 ɸ cables) , Xc = 0.12 L (1 ɸ cables)

ρ  resistivity constant of conductor material
L  Length of the conductor (m).
A  cross section area(mm2)

 S.C at the cable from supplier catalogues




S.C at the cable from Egy. Code:
Where:
Isc = Short circuit rating of cable (kA)
A = Cross sectional area of conductor (mm2)
t = Time to trip (seconds)
K = Cable short circuit factor

S.C at the cable from Egy. Code:

Schneider electric tables
By knowing the cable length and cross section area and the
upstream short circuit current
We can use the below tables to determine the down stream
short circuit current

Schneider electric tables

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Life Safety and central Battery system

Voltage Drop Calculations

Voltage Drop Calculations

VD = Ib x L x cable vd factor / 1000

Voltage Drop Calculations

Voltage Drop Calculations

Voltage Drop Calculations

Accumulated V.D = Individual V.D + Up stream voltage drop

V.D % = 𝐕.𝐃 (𝐚𝐜𝐜𝐮𝐦𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐝) / (𝐯)𝐒𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐜𝐞 𝐕𝐨𝐥𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐞 (𝐯) 𝒙 100

Voltage Drop Calculations

Starting current of a motor can be 5 to 7 times its full-load value (or

Voltage Drop Calculations

Voltage Drop Calculations

‫الكود المصري المجلد االول الباب الخامس‬

Voltage Drop Calculations

DEWA regulation 4.2.3

Voltage Drop Calculations

Short Circuit Calculations

How to calculate the short circuit ?

Short Circuit Calculations

Short Circuit Calculations

Short Circuit Calculations

Short Circuit Calculations

Short Circuit Calculations

Short Circuit Calculations

400 kVA transformer, 420 V at no load

Short Circuit Calculations

Short Circuit Calculations

Short Circuit Calculations

Short Circuit Calculations

Short Circuit Calculations

Rc = ρL/A , Xc = 0.08 L (3 ɸ cables) , Xc = 0.12 L (1 ɸ cables)

Short Circuit Calculations

Short Circuit Calculations

Short Circuit Calculations

Short Circuit Calculations

Short Circuit Calculations

Short Circuit Calculations

Short Circuit Calculations

Short Circuit Calculations

Short Circuit Calculations

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