CHAPTER-#: FIRST ORDER CIRCUITS ENERGY STORAGE ELEMENTS . be Ww Capaciker 7 en Ve c te =e Re ealtttiet t w= yer) +b fied te Capacthor VoMmae is cnineouse. = 2% Ce) =%(o} G) Inducker: fi a L i y, 1 ah L wa Se i tb t= GG ab frat te Inductor conven’ Vs Grineoe => Lo) = ule ) CiRCULT_VARIAGLES Normally ,\we capacitor Ve ltage, Ch ard Mra wluckr coyvednt tL are cheeen aa Care Netiales. cagcurT ORDER: whan KUL and Kel awe. varitten doc gwen Greutt Uns yesult \s con WM odoy Afecential mraion wkems JE Ane arcut Nexvables. We enki). By Carcubk Order = Order J GE. equdian =o: aR independak nner} Seese, ewants (Lg ¢Sinqubagity Functios ( settling Funclions) wey Q Skep Eunckion \ 0 te blo QA) = \ \ fa tze _ £ Kwk—bo) ACA) = 1-0ee) ; te t a ae A tae A ~ => \ 7 b tes a oe L wg) = 1 EEE \ Ste @) Lugulse Function , o 1 tee SQ = ao=] , tte : o >» be Kos) ot f sa) =\ Cshrengte § inpulic) ae : a {k ud—bd = K SCE -b8) i a) Ramp Funckion + ee Ya) = frost = \ eg x, t Kr@-&) = ic ack -by Ae 00 Te Ace Fondbions ove _yelatved by : + Sey = wa =y Uc = [se at t 2 rQ) = [co at => ut = 4 rct) a a Rasic Opeedions OM Siqpels a) » ble \. fA) UA) = Fa) > tye me t ~ Exarnple : fee feouay t Le faye Ven: 23 > . +. ua) = +Gt) x K Cee) ult-e) = Kr)fay | bee 2. ae , ta) -1 , toe (A) = Ut) Lek £4 =\ \ 3 &So { hon) ua = | o > Bo ° + a. Sampling Qulse (Gele. Rasckion) ey» bea Ja) = Alea) —VXG-b) = \ Vy agkeb ey» t>b ye Malkiglicadkion \oy a. Sampling Pulse oy ba SED: AC) =F » aSkhb eo yt>b foqb ‘ & & S. Sampling Rregerky st Amoulse Beet $e) t 5a). sea ={" at fd p--po> FO) SO-*) , aa : fAQ)-S&-) = FE) $0 -2) £69.59 | fis a tSTEP RESPONSE OF AN RC CIRCUIT Consider : ree ako < . teh = c & — Let the capadler \be. wictialy cveweseah \e a volkegy. equ Xo Ny - = The Snel capacitor Nellege Ww lest. WL: LE 4@ic 4M ao 2 ie = cE -€ abe Me Ve =o Re a = — (Wwe &) “de ave ‘A De-E cS il We L f c= ~~ [4 Ve L 4+ vi to La -#) - J(u; -E) = =, G9 Specter aera Vi-e ke de — 1 ORS an az 6 S Vi t fon (% -€) C—4e)Ue —-E ~Ce-bo)/p = Mraeiona, [ Diselhavainy “Tine ~ Bt Sennney to Sind Wee BREN WesPrse eam RE Coreath we weed. Eee he ee a- Fine) ae Nelle am Ne a- Civcuik Time Gade = = RO ke Lnckeatt Xe suikeling, = Xo “Lhows Wea tet, RO) = Vee ON ¥c ie = CUR ee Crewe / Disderay Time = 5TStee ResPoNs& of AN RL Cigkcor CompucroR ENERGIZING /DE-ENERGIZING) Consider E Lek: wy iS Uke, Awdacker coment Te = Fined ductor corventd = E/e kyle HEAL AVM =e 5 UM =i vac 4RiL HE Late = _ (ate) =e (u-%) dai : ce = -%& UL -t) aie hy dt oir ale 7 ae — fae & Ip té a te t Ln CL -Tp)) = > yt |. 3 fn Cin 14) -$u 1g) = — (4-40) fn tues ees ee eae){te pee yy ~ (ee aw = ie 4 (i-th € Dh we delim the Croll Tme Gautek as Te YR Genera) Apression » ~(G-to), GO) = Te x -tp) < rc : —lets) warts =-& Gage Ye (et, = ~ Ene iw We ye rete) e WA = CAMS Summary To Lind Wo skep Vessco om RL Greuit swe need: (= Inia Inductor covert =) an Fired teduckec Correa = Le B- Crrcuik Timea Constant 2 T = YVR wy Anshek & surtdiing a “Then oh) Yar Ua Tk + i-th) | —C-kd Ww ache = ey aye Enerayena, [De NET Time & STExamples on Fyst— Ordew RC civtvits . tro Ex. oa na Find va) Yor ) al\ Kumes - 20 ie - a! salubion : keer at “ Leo. ya dor =I5¥ 2 = 20% ry =!S¥ 20 ar =U tzo: ADE OM HVE) =1SY ae Qy =e) = ov “TE 7 B) T= Pune = Mat) (aoule?) = 2% See w) te =e 2. BA) aM women Yor yay = se” 2 5€ peo ae )V¥Fd 1) cad BG) Sor all Awe - saukio: Jow row VD low v= ~ eNotes c= = Ah tz UW) Vi = VO)=\ov 2ov @) Ny = Vl) = 30x = 20V (3) T= PH CH= 0x20 Y\=\6 * coe xy a md 4 ~. we) = Ne +Ni ajo PEE ae low Ve) = 20 =e) i [fe <<< a kz: -\ c eet (Vi WU) = 8e = 2.943V ad v c Bar bn (Vy We) ov by T =k COC = SEEN (Ya) = 06s W) toa «ty tot WE ee Lore Hei VA) == 2% —1694-!) coe OSES re —167-") ee cue a tO 0-436 ce a) - — hae) | V OQ) ee [CE = 0.186 & B= pga et) — 1.67441 4) = 2.203 |v =a => \V.c) =exer Ces cm) @\ Fad DE awh EA):cy Find LA) omd Delt) - Assuwe Uo\= TA: solukio. tze zl GO) =i@ = 5A (2) Ty = Ul) = OA B) T= “Aw 3 bra (@ tere 8 \oopQ): 41,\-l= \-2%& = \-2030) = 1-60) \oLy —Ta =\— 0) = 2w =a) = Loop) -Ly+ 612 x at, 4erw eo PH) \ 7) Nit dee ete eeeees eae (evueel = >be? beg oO aa VN = We a L pete TH = Hes & = By SO Pat ae HEEL ° tt 7 —S3t Na coi ae lige SY Dy ft) = — 3% C4) = pe =eEx (2): Deker mine Yy Le end Vp. tze VWelOoua Mem oA Ree ae EXE ne BC T= ey = -*s i Hed ii US = Yr cy -¥ aw ey ae n ab 4 -2t ¢ 2 =e A eer ae eee ieee ea 2b VDo= -to= Yoev be WK 9 tho : Qh > ° la) = 5 lets ay eae eae Ye", > te an > tae Vi, &peexX.@): he bu t=e Find LO few all aie Ave Calewlare hov oe SH i for t=28 ond ae =o5- 7 Saluki . tee; CAS OA 4 é oct eeepc pee PEELE t Ques eee dol oi (2) Te = Liay= c= an bk st =058 Ones ie \o (4) to = 7 ) 7 ie +. Ue) = oo €@ ts: we oA \ooptt): 64,2. = 30 —ah) y Tp joopta): “AT + 82 =lo uov © x \f 30\ Ce ee 1° — Me _ 6 ao SE ae = Gy A \ras ya 6A t= Fy > ben = 64 SE SFB feet Sn TH am = 66828 &) to = 4S- bbe CG) = Ty +tri-tg < —(e- w/o @r = apy lyre a, : A14eoa—4 (ie — QA NAA Ee : ae A UKL iy = 4(\—e ) = LAMA : —1466(S~4) 6s) = 2-4 + 243 2 ( == 304k ——Agplicabion Example, (Carr tysiiin, Ssyshens) io s See Q lok vv ( Siis Clad eh Lao nk ae ok V=oSsec. Fwd Da) ak oF Sec. ogteles EEEEEEEEHCEH C = ya t=? o> ir lok ree vA =A Ne = louse: = uy ceaeceae oe tte Tp x Cy — 35 BE -o\k we i@epaly—< : ea b % i at\-e"™ waba ee ; TH R= er Scie -le-o8// C4)= Tp +l Hy — Tee 7 Le = ong elmo) law Ce —0'S) Bet) = Lae Sy UH) = — woe — Gooey || | Dos) ==ELECTRICAL ~ Engine Electrical /~ REFERENCE FULLY-TRANSISTORIZED TYPE A conventional ignition system generates high voltage in the secondary coil by interrupting primary current in the ignition coil. For this rea- son, a conventional ignition system consists of broaker points, cam and condenser. Ina fully- transistorized ignition system, on the other hand, a signal generator is provided in place of the cam and breaker points in the dis- Secondary terminal Ignition switch tributor. It generates a voltage, switching on the transistors in the igniter to interrupt the primary current in the ignition coil Since the transitors that are used for electrical interruption of the primary current do not in- volve mechanical metal-to-metal contact, there is no wear or consequent secondary voltage drop. 7 Negative terminal Positive. terminal The distributor in a fully-transistorized type ig~ nition system sometimes contains the ignition coil and igniter. Distributor Pick-up Igniter. coil Spark plug TRANSISTORIZED IGNITION SYSTEM Ignition loniterexer CVSS 7 Wy Find iC) @) \2N Find cad skelda LE) amd De):