Module 2 Key Concepts of Ratio and Proportion

As we study and immerse ourselves in “Business Mathematics” in the process, it is necessary to

know some Concepts, Principles and Formulas.

The module is subjected to discuss Module 2 – Ratio and Proportion. You will represent real-life
situations different kinds of proportions.

Specifically, this module will help you to:

Solve problems involving direct, inverse and partitive proportion

Lesson Outline:

2.1 Ratio
2.2 Proportion and its Variation

Reminders:

a. for the Parent/s: Please be involved in helping your child stay focused on his modules.
Assist him/her only as much as they need because the module is intended to be student
centered.
b. for the Student: Please answer the module honestly and make sure it is your own output.
You may ask assistance from your teacher or parent ONLY if needed. You will not learn
if you engage in dishonesty or plagiarism. (You may add instructions if needed)

Please submit the answers to the module on or before the deadline of submission. You may
submit directly to the teacher or to any authorized staff of FCAT.

Learning Outcomes:

(1) Identify the different kinds of Proportions and write examples of real life situation
for each
(2) Solve problems involving direct, inverse and partitive proportion
Lesson 2.1 Ratio

Recall

Ratio A ratio shows the relative sizes of two or more values.

Ratios can be shown in different ways:

 • using the ":" to separate example values

 • using the "/" to separate one value from the total
 • as a decimal, after dividing one value by the total
 • as a percentage, after dividing one value by the total

Example: if there is 1 boy and 3 girls you could write the ratio as:
Solved Problems
Pretest
Part 1

Part II
Lesson 2.2 Proportion and its Variation
Learning Outcome(s):

(1) Defines and illustrates the meaning of proportion

(2) Formulates and solve problems involving proportion

Proportion
 We come across many situations that unknowingly we apply either direct or inverse proportions
to our daily transactions.

Banks and other financial institutions give us interest along with the principal (initial deposit of
the depositor) at a certain rate for a specified period. I

f you deposit your savings worth P1,000 to your chosen bank for 1 year at the rate of 5%
annually (per year), one will get back P1,050 after a year because of the interest given by the bank.
Initial deposit Here, P1,050 (Savings) =P1,000 (Principal) + P50 (interest).

In the presentation above, the money deposited in the bank and the amount received back
after a certain time and at a certain rate of interest are in proportion (equal).

From the above example, we can say that if the values of two quantities depend on each other
in such a way that a change in one quantity results in a corresponding change in the other, then the
quantities are said to be in proportion. (Chua, S., 2018)

Types of Proportion (Variation)

A. DIRECT PROPORTION Two quantities are said to be directly proportional if as the value of
one quantity increases (or decreases), the value of the other also increases (or decreases) in
such a way that the ratio of the value of the two quantities remains the same. (Chua, S., 2018)

TIP! When setting up a direct proportion in fraction form, the numerator of the first ratio must
correspond to the numerator of the second ratio. The denominator of the first ratio must
correspond to the denominator of the second ratio.
B. INVERSE PROPORTION In direct proportion, we learned that two quantities may
change in such a manner that if one quantity increases (decreases), the other will increase
(decrease). Sometime, two quantities may change in such a manner that if one quantity
increases, the other quantity decreases and vice-versa. (Chua, S.,2018)

TIP!

Two quantities are inversely proportional if a change in one produces a change in the other in
the opposite direction, that is, an increase in one produces a decrease in the other, or a
decrease in one produces an increase in the other.
Example:

• On increasing the number of workers to complete a work, the number of days to complete
the work will decrease.

• On decreasing the speed of the car, the time needed to cover the same distance will increase

TIP!

When setting up an inverse proportion in a fraction form, the numerator of the first ratio must
correspond to the denominator of the second ratio. The numerator of the second ratio must correspond
to the denominator of the first ratio
Practice Problem:
Part I

Part II
Part III

Generalization
 Two quantities are said to be directly proportional if as the value of one quantity increases (or
decreases), the value of the other also increase (or decreases) in such a way that the ratio of the value of
the two quantities remains the same.

Two quantities may change in such a manner that if one quantity increases, the other quantity
decreases and viceversa and that is what we called indirect or inverse proportion.

Partitive proportion involves identifying parts of a whole based on given ratios of these parts

Post Test
Part I

Part II
Part I
Part II

Reference
https://www.mathsisfun.com/

Learning Material Business Mathematics SHS from Department of Education