Professional Documents
Culture Documents
تشغيل المعادن PDF
تشغيل المعادن PDF
EF
121
121 א
א
EF
W،،אא،א
אאאאאאאאאא
א אא،אאאאא
אאא אאא
אא ؛אאאאא
K א
אאאאאאא
א ،א אא
אאאאאאאא،
א א ،א אא
א א אא א א א א א א א
א אא،א
Kאא،א
א???EF?אא
Kאאאאאא
אאאאאאא
،א ،א א אא
Kאאאאא
Kא؛אאאא
אאאא
121 א
EF
אאKאאאאאא
אאKא
אEאאאFאאאאKאא
אאאאא
?א?אאאאאK
אא?? א
Kאאאאאאא
אאKאא
אא،אאא
WאKאאאא
WאWאא
KאWאא
KאWאא
KאאWאא
KאWאאא
WאאWאא
KאWWאא
KאאWאא
KאWאא
KאWאא
KאאאWאא
KאWאא
121 א
EF
Wאא
،א،אאא،אאא
אאKאאאאא،אאאא،א
Kאאאא
אא،אאאאא
Kאא،א
Kאאא،א،אאאא
Kאאאא
אאא،،אאאא
Kא
אאK?אא?אא
Kא،א،אא،אWאאאא
א،אא،א،
Kא
،א،אWאאאאא
Kאאאא،א
Kאאאאא
אאאא
Kאאא
EF
א
א
1
אא 121 א
א EF
אא
אאאא
א {אאאאאא
Kא،א،אWא
א א א א א א א
אא אאא
Kאאאאאא
א א א א א א א
אאאאאא
אאאאאאאא
{א א א אא א א
Kא
א א א א א
K
-1-
אא 121 א
א EF
Wאא
אאאא אא א
Kאאאאאאא
Wאא
Kאאאא ∗
Kאאאאאאאא ∗
Kאאא ∗
Kאאאאאאאא ∗
Kאאאאא ∗
Wאא
Kא10
Kא20
Wאא
Kאאא
Wאא
אאא אא א
K112
-2-
אא 121 א
א EF
אWאא
WאJ 1J 1
אא אאא
Kאא
WאאאJ 2J 1
Wאאא
drilling א milling א turning אא
shaping א grinding א sawing א
boring אאא broaching א
planning א
Wא אא
א אא א א ،אא •
Kאאא
א א א ،א •
Kא
אאא،א،אא• א
Kאאאאא
אאא،אא •
אא {אאאאאא
Kאאאאאא
אאא،א •
K
-3-
אא 121 א
א EF
WאאאJ 3J 1
א ،א ،אא،א א
א ،אא א א ،א א
Kא
Wאאאאא
Kאאא •
אאאCastingsא •
KEאFאאאforgingsא
א א א •
Kאא
אאאאאאא •
K
Kאאאאאאאא •
[2]אWE1-1Fא
אא
WCutting MotionאJ 141
WWorkpieceאאאא
Kאאאא
Kאtoolאא
Kאאאא
Kאא
W Feed MotionאW241
אאאאאא
Kאאאאאא K
אאא{אא
KEאFאאא{א
Setting the Cutting Depth MotionWאJ 341
א א אא א א
א אא Kא א א א Kא
Kאאאאאאאא
Kאאאאאאא
KאאE21Fא
-5-
א
EF
121
-6-
א
אאE5 KאE4
KאאWE21Fא
אא 121 א
א EF
[2] , [14]אWE31Fא
WאאאJ 251
א KEγF א א א א אא א
W،אאא
KContinuous Chipא Shear Chipא Broken Chipא
KאאאE4J 1Fא
-7-
אא 121 א
א EF
[14]אאאWE4.1Fא
؛אאאא
א א א
א
°5 > زاوﻳﺔ ﺟﺮف °5<א °15Zγא
°32 = زاوﻳﺔ ﻗﺺ °25 = زاوﻳﺔ ﻗﺺ °19 = Ф زاوﻳﺔ ﻗﺺ
א EF א א
Kאאאאאאא
א א χ א א אא E5J 1F א
אFhאאA אאKאא
KEdאFbאאEf
A = b . h = d . f [mm2]
-8-
אא 121 א
א EF
[14]χאאאאWE5.1Fא
WBuilt -Up EdgeאאאJ 61
אאאאאאאא
אKאאא א אא
Kאאאאאאא
Kא אא
[14]אאאWE6.1Fא
Wאאאאא
אאאאאא •
KL80
Kאאאא• א
K• א
Kאא• א
-9-
אא 121 א
א EF
אאאאא
K
WGenerated HeatאאאJ 71
א אא א אא א א א א
1FאK º 850 < א،אא
אא E7 1FאKאא אאאE6
Kאאאא،א
[2]KאאאWEK71Fא [2]KאאאWEK71Fא
א א א א א אא
א אא Kאא א
KאאאK
،אאא {אא
Kאא
א K א א א אא א א
א א אא אא א אא
אא {א
Kאא
{א אא א א אא
Kא
- 10 -
אא 121 א
א EF
- 11 -
אא 121 א
א EF
אא א
L19 אא
אא
L132 25
L170 50
L227 75
א
L19
L227
א
L11–8 25
אxL0.4
א
L76
L151
אL0.75 א
EF
L38
אאx אL0.45
LL11
LL19
KאאאWE11Fא
[9]
- 12 -
אא 121 א
א EF
W
؟אא?אKאE1
KאאאאE2
KאE3
KאאאאאאE4
KאאאאאאE5
KאאE6
KאאאאאאE7
KאאE8
K،אאE9
KאאאE10
؟؟אאאE11
א؟؟אאאE12
؟אאאאאE13
KאאאE14
KאאאאאE15
KאאאאE16
WאאE17
EFKאאאאאאאא (ح
EFKאאאאאא (خ
- 14 -
אא 121 א
א EF
EFKאאאאאאא (ذ
WאאאE18
Wא J
WE19
Kאא (أ
Kאאאאא (ب
KEFאא (ت
Kאאאא (ث
- 15 -
אא 121 א
א EF
אאE20
- 16 -
אא 121 א
א EF
Wא אא
א א •
Kאאאאאא
א •
Kא
KFinishing •
KRoughingא •
Kאא •
אא •
Kאא
(n)אאאאאאא
n =1000* V / πd
[m/min]אVW
[rev/min] אאאn
[mm] Kא،א،אאא،אd
3.14Zπ
אאאא
Kא
אאאE5J 2FE4-2F،E3-2F،E2-2F،E1-2Fאא
Kאאאאא
WFeed Speed [mm/rev]אJ 3J 2
אאאא אאא
،אאKאא
،א K א
Kאא
- 18 -
אא 121 א
א EF
Wא א
K א •
אא •
אא •
KMild steelא
אאאאא •
א א E5-2F E4-2F ، E3-2F ،E2-2F ،E1-2F אא א
Kאאא א
WDepth of Cut [mm] אJ 4J 2
א א א א א א א א
א א אKK
،אא אK
א א אא Kאא א א
Kאא
Wאאאא
א א א •
Kאאאאא
א א א א א א •
א א אא א
Kאאאאאא
Kאאא •
א א א •
Kא
Kאאאא •
- 19 -
אא 121 א
א EF
19 0.4 -- 3.2 10 -- 25 25 - 55 7 -- 16 20 – 40 3 -- 8 20 – 50
אאאאאאWE1-2Fא
Kאאא
[9]K120–90אא
- 20 -
אא 121 א
א EF
א א Lא
L 160 200J 160 360J 220
H.S.S H.S.S H.S.S
110 – 71 – 63 –
0.8 0.2 - 0.8 63 - 90 160 32 - 50 120 20 – 32 100
100 – 63 –
1.6 0.2 - 0.8 50 - 80 140 25 - 45 110 16 – 25 56 – 90
63 –
3.2 0.2 - 1.6 32 - 71 140 20 - 40 45 - 90 10 – 25 40 – 71
63 –
4.8 0.2 - 1.6 32 - 63 125 16 - 32 36 - 80 9 – 20 32 – 71
56 –
6.4 0.2 - 1.6 25 - 63 120 16 - 32 36 - 71 8 – 20 25 – 63
12 .7 0.4 - 2.4 16 - 40 25 – 80 8 -- 20 32 - 50 5 -- 10 20 – 40
0.4 --
19 3.2 10 - 36 20 – 71 7 -- 20 25 - 45 4 -- 10 20 -32
אאאאאאWE2J 2Fא
א
[9]אK120–90אאKא
א א Lא
- 21 -
אא 121 א
א EF
אאאאאWE3J 2Fא
א
[9]KK120–90אאKא
א אא
א –א –
א
أﺳﺘﻘﺮاﺑﻴﺔ دورة/ ﻣﻢ 0.3 - 3.8 0.3 - 3.8 1.3 - 0.38 0.5 - 0.13 0.3 - 2.5 0.25 – 2.5 1.5 1.5
ﺗﺸﻄﻴﺒﻴﺔ دورة/ ﻣﻢ 0.08 - 0.25 0.08 - 0.25 0.2 - 0.1 0.2 - 0.13 0.1 - 0.25 0.1 - 0.25 0.38 0.25
و ﻓﺼﻞ دورة/ ﻣﻢ 0.25 - 2.03 0.25 - 1.5 0.2 - 0.1 0.15 - 0.1 0.25 - 0.76 0.25 – 1.3 0.25 0.13
Boring دورة/ ﻣﻢ 0.13 - 0.5 0.13 - 0.5 0.13 - 0.1 0.13 - 2.5 0.13 - 0.5 0.2 – 1.5 0.5 0.5
- 22 -
אא 121 א
א EF
W
KאאאE1
KאאאE2
KאE3
KאאאE4
KאאאאE5
KאאאE6
KאE7
KאאE8
KאאאאE9
KאאאאE10
KאאאאאE11
WE12
EF KאאאE
EF KאאאE
א א א א E
EFKא
EF KאאE
- 23 -
אא 121 א
א EF
אאWאא
Cutting Tools
WאאJ 13
{EאאF {Fאאאא
Wאאאאאאאאא{E
אא אא •
{ א א א אא
אא
Kאאאאא
אא {אא •
אא א א ،אא
א א {א
א אא
Kאא
א א א •
Kא
،אאאאאאאא
E1 3FאKאאאאא א
Kא
- 24 -
אא 121 א
א EF
[2]KאאWE13Fא
WאאאJ 23
Wא אא
{א Wא א •
KKKK{{
א אאאא Wא •
א א ،א א א
Kא
א،אאאWאא •
אאאא،אא
Kאא
،א ،א א Wא א •
א א אא
Kאא
- 25 -
אא 121 א
א EF
WE23Fא
[2]Kאא
[9]אאאאWE33Fא
- 26 -
אא 121 א
א EF
[9]WE43Fא
WTool AnglesאאאJ 33
WאאאE53FאKאא{אאא
[2]אאאאWE53Fא
אא ،א W אא
אא א אא א ،א ،א
Wאאא{א
- 27 -
אא 121 א
א EF
אא
J 8אאאא EγFאא
Kº20
40א EβFאאא
אאאאº7060אאאאº50
אאאאאאא EאαFאא
Kº85
אא ε F א א
Kº90J 11 Eא
אאאאא EχFאא
אא
Kº90J 0
KאאאאאE53FE33FE13Fאא
WTool Signature אאJ 43
א א،א،אא
א אא א Kא א ISO א א
WאאKא
ISO2 DIN4972 L 25q k10
W
Kאאא ISO2
Kאאאאאא DIN4972
Kא L
K25א 25q
Kאאא K10
- 28 -
אא 121 א
א EF
WאאאJ 5–3
Kא א א א א א
אא אKאאאאאאאא K
א א ،º200
א א א K א
º 600 ،אא
א א א א א אא
א אא א א K(HSS) א א
א א א א EInserts F
אאº900אאK
אאKא אא
Kº1200אאאאא
،HאFאאאאא
KאאאאEKKKK،א،א
KאאאאאE63F،E43F،E23Fאא
א אא ،אא א
،אאאאאאא
Kאאאא
EFE F
[1]KEFEFWE63Fא
- 29 -
אא 121 א
א EF
1870אאE63Fא
Kאאאא
Wאאאא
Kאאאאא א •
Kאאאאאאא •
Kאאאאאאא• א
אאאאאאאא •
W{אאאא
Kאא{א •
Kא{א •
Kאאאאאא •
א אא א אא א א
Kאאאא
- 30 -
אא 121 א
א EF
- 31 -
אא 121 א
א EF
٪אא
AISI
Co V Mo W Cr C Type
א
1 8.5 1.5 4 0.85 M1
2 5 6 4 1.05 M2
2 8.75 1.75 4 1 M7
8 1.15 9.5 1.5 4 0.9 M 33
8 1.15 9.5 1.5 3.75 1.1 M 42
א
1 18 4 0.75 T1
8 2 18 4 0.8 T5
5 2 14 4 0.75 T8
5 5 12 4 1.5 T 15
[9]KאאאאאWE23Fא
- 32 -
אא 121 א
א EF
- 33 -
אא 121 א
א EF
אא
א א ٪ ٪ ٪ א א
3 97 P10
6 94 P20
אא 8 92 P50
אא ،، 10 5 85 M10
אא ،א،
8 14 78 M20
6 15 79 M40
אא ، 4 30 66 K10
אא
، 5 50 45 K20
، 6 60 34 K40
[9]KאאאאאאאWE43Fא
א א א א
א א א א א
א א
8 - 20 8 - 20 7 7
8 8 5 5
4 0 5 5
4 4 5 5
8 - 20 8 - 20 7 7
[9]KאאאאאאWE53Fא
- 34 -
אא 121 א
א EF
٪אא
100 525א TX - 90 א
- 35 -
אא 121 א
א EF
[14]KאאאWE73Fא
BKאא{אא{
0,3 0,25 Cd / CmKאא 1,6 1,2אא
- 36 -
אא 121 א
א EF
WאאE1Fא
n n
= C = V2 T2 V1 T1
V1 / V2 = (T2 / T1) n
149 /122 = (60 / 10) n
1.22 = 6n n = 0.11
V T0.11 = 192
V30 = 192 / (30)0.11 = 192 / 1.455
V30 = 132 fpmin (L)
KL122אא30אא
אא
Ln = 12 v / π d = (12)(122)/ π(2) n =233
א Kאא אאאא
Wאאאא
K = V . Tn . fn1 . d n2
W
0.8J 0.5Zא K
0.4J 0.2Zא f
אd
0.80.5אn1
0.40.2אn2
:E2F
א،אאAISI 2340 J
2.035 = VT 0.13 f 0.77 d 0.37
L75Zאא100אאא
KL0.0125Z0.1
Wאאאא
- 38 -
אא 121 א
א EF
20%אא (1
20%אא (2
20%אא (3
20%אאא (4
Wא
20%אאE1
V = 1.2 x 75 = 90 (f / min)
T = K / V f d = 2.035 / 90 (0.0125)0.77 (0.1)0.37
n1 n2
- 39 -
אא 121 א
א EF
W
؟אאאאE1
؟אאאE2
؟אאאE3
KאאאאE4
؟γאאE5
؟λאאאE6
؟αsאאα אאE7
؟βאאאE8
؟χאאE9
Kאאא אE10
؟אאE11
؟אאאE12
KאאE13
؟אאאE14
KאאאאאאE15
WEFEFE16
EF אאאאE
EFאאאאאאE
EFאאE
EFאאאאE
- 40 -
אא 121 א
א EF
WאאאE17
WאאE
אאא
א
WאאאE
א
אא
א
אא
WאאE
אאא
אא
א
WאאE
אא
אא
אא
WE18
Kאאאאאأ( א
Kאאא (ب
Kאאא (ت
K?א?אאאא (ث
KאאאאE19
KאאאאE20
Kאאאא،אאאאאE21
KאאE22
KאאאאאE23
KאאאאאE24
- 41 -
אא 121 א
א EF
Cutting ForcesאWאאא
WJ 1J 4
אא Fsאאא Fzאא
א אאKFSNאאאאאא
א א א א א אא א א א
Kאאאאאאאא،Φא
KאאאE14Fא
[2]אWE14Fא
Wא
א{ א אא א (ت
Kא
KאאאאאE
Kאאאאאא (ج
- 43 -
אא 121 א
א EF
א
Ks1.1 א א
kp * mm-2 Z [kp * mm-2]
- 44 -
אא 121 א
א EF
W1J 4אאא
{אאאאאא
Wאא
2אאא1.2–1.1
א
KEאאאאFאאא0.9
KEאאאאFאא 1.5J 1.3
אאL125אא1.2J 1.1
WCalculation of Machine Power אJ 34
Pc = FC. V / 102 . 60 [kw] Pcא
W
K[ N]אאאFC K[m / min]א V
Kאא102א60א
א ،אאאא
ηאאאא א Kא
WEF
Pmotor = Pc / η [kw]
Kא 0.90.7η
WCutting Force Components אJ 44
،אאאFאאE14Fא
Kא א
Fp FaF אאאאאE24Fא
KFcFFFa
- 45 -
אא 121 א
א EF
[14]אWE24Fא
W
א 67% Etangential componentF א א FC
אKא אאKא
א א אא
Kאאא א
Kא א %27 Eradial componentF א א Fp
Kא א אאא א
אא 12<אאאא א
- 46 -
אא 121 א
א EF
EF אאא
KEsteady or follower restF
Kא א %6 Eaxial componentF א א FF
KאאאאK
WFactors affecting the Cutting Force אאאאJ 54
Wאא
Kאאאא (أ
Kאאא (ب
Kאאא (ت
Kא{אאא (ث
Kאאאאאא
אאאאא (ح
Kאאאאאאאא (خ
- 47 -
אא 121 א
א EF
W
KאאE1
؟אE2
؟אE3
Kא אאאאE4
؟אאא؟אE5
؟אאאאE6
KאאאE7
KאאE8
KאאאE9
KאאאE10
؟؟אE11
WE12
KEFאאאא (أ
KEFאאאאE
EFאאאE
EFא אאE
L 45 st 50 א א א E13
2
2.4א
WאK2L2000Ks.1.1אא
Kא (أ
Kא (ب
K0.8Zηאאא (ت
- 48 -
EF
א
א
2
אא 121 א
א EF
אא
אאאא אאא
אאKאאא
Kאא
Kא ، א ،אא ،א א א א א
،אא ،א،א Wא
،א ، א ،א א ،א
Kאא Kא
אאאאא א ،א
א א ، ،אא א
Kא
אאא אאא
א א ، א א
K ، א א א א
،א אא
אאאאאא
Kאא،א،א،א
אא אאא אא
Kאא
Wאא
Kא •
Kאא •
Kא •
Kא •
אא •
אא •
Kאא
- 52 -
אא 121 א
א EF
Wאא
אאאאא אא א
Kאאא
Wאא
Kאא،אא،אאאא
Kאאאא
Kאאא
Kאאאא
Wאא
Kא
Kאא
Wאא
Kאאא
Wאא
Kאאא
Kאאאאא
- 53 -
אא 121 א
א EF
DrillingאWאא
E1-5
، {אאאאא
، א ، EאF ،EאF
Kא،אאא،
א א אא ،א ، א
א א א אא א א W א
KאאEאאF
אאא אאא
א ،א א Kא
Kא
KאE15Fא
Drilling א E2 5F א
،א،אא Counter BoringאK
Kא
[14]KאWE15Fא
- 54 -
אא 121 א
א EF
[14]אאWE25Fא
WאE2-5
،،Wאאא
א،א، ،א
KאאאאאאאאKא
EאאFאE125
Kאאאא
–1Twist Drillאא אא
א א א Kא 0.8 – 0.1 60
116אאאKאאאאא א
Kא ˚140 130 א˚125 120،א ◦118
א א F א א א
KEא
- 55 -
אא 121 א
א EF
KאאאאE35Fא
Kאאא WShankא
אא WCutting Partא
Kאא
אאאאא WEFluteFאא
Kאאא
א א א WMagrinא
Kא
אK1 אK1
אאK2 אK2
אאK3 K3
אK4 אא
אאאK5 אK4
אK6 אK5
אK6
[2]KאאWE35Fא
- 56 -
אא 121 א
א EF
KאאאE45FאK
[14]KאאWE45Fא
אK،אאאאא
Kא E1J 5F
- 57 -
אא 121 א
א EF
[2]KאWE15Fא
- 58 -
אא 121 א
א EF
WCounter BoringאE35
א א ، א
– 8EאF Kא
˚90 א א ˚75 ،אא א ˚60 א 80
Kא ˚120 א א א
Kא א ،אא א
א Kא א א א
E2 5F אKאאE5 5FאK٪ 50 – 30אא
Kאא
[2]KאWE55Fא
- 59 -
אא 121 א
א EF
[2]אאWE25Fא
- 60 -
אא 121 א
א EF
WReamingאE45
אא 0.04א
0.005 אאK IT 10
، K IT 8
K IT 6 0.001אאא
אא אאאא ، א 14 – 6אא
אאא0.1א 0.3Kא
d = 0.005 . D + 0.1 [mm]WאK
E3J 5Fא KאאE6 5Fא
Kאאא
J אJ
[5]KאאWE65Fא
- 61 -
אא 121 א
א EF
[2]KאאWE35Fא
- 62 -
אא 121 א
א EF
WאE5-5
אאא،אאאא
KE4.5FאK
[2]אWE45Fא
- 63 -
אא 121 א
א EF
WאאאE6J 5
،א ،אא E7 5FE6 5F،E 5 5Fאא
Kא
א st
60 א
J 100 J 30 30J 12 40J 30
150 60 א
0.6–0.1 –0.1 0.6–0.1 0.4–0.1
0.6
א
[2]אWE55Fא
אאWEJ 65Fא
- 64 -
אא 121 א
א EF
Lא
א
<
200 200> 70< 70> א
0.63 -
0.8 0.25 -0.4 0.63 - 0.8 0.11 - 0.18 0.25 - 0.4 5
0.8 - 0.9 0.4 - 0.5 0.8 - 0.9 0.18 - 0.22 0.4 - 0.5 5–8
0.9 0.50.56 0.9 0.22 - 0.25 0.5 - 0.56 8 – 10
0.9 - 0.1 0.56 0.71 0.9 - 1 0.25 - 0.31 0.56 - 0.71 10 – 15
0.71 --
1 - 1.12 0.8 1 - 1.12 0.31 - 0.35 0.71 - 0.8 15 – 20
1.12 0.8 -- 0.9 1.12-.25 0.35 - 0.4 0.8 - 0.9 20 – 25
1.12 -
1.25 0.9 - 1 1.25 0.4 - 0.45 0.9 - 1 25 – 30
1.25 1 - 1.1 1.25 0.45 - 0.5 1 - 1.1 30 - 40
1.25 --
1.4 1.1 - 1.25 1.25- 1.4 0.5 - 0.56 1.1 - 1.24 40 – 50
1.4 1.25 1.4 1.4 0.56 - 0.63 1.25 - 1.4 50 – 60
> 1.4 > 1.4 > 1.4 > 0.63 > 1.4 60<
12 – 20 7 -- 10 12 -- 14 3 -- 5 6 -- 12 א
[9]אאאא
אאWEJ 65Fא
- 65 -
אא 121 א
א EF
ELFאאאKאאא א
63 50 40 31.5 25 20 16 12.5 10 8 6.3 5 m/min א
0.63 0.63 0.56 0.56 0.5 0.5 0.45 0.45 0.4 0.4 0.36 0.36 22.4
12.5 -
0.18 0.16 0.14 0.12 0.11 0.1 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.05 10
1.4 1.25 1.1 1 0.9 0.8 0.71 0.63 0.56 0.5 0.45 0.4 8 - 6.3
0.36 0.32 0.32 0.28 31.5
0.32 0.28 0.25 0.22 0.2 0.18 0.16 0.14 40
0.25 0.22 0.22 0.2 0.18 0.16 0.14 0.12 50 st 60
0.63 0.63 0.56 0.56 0.5 0.5 0.45 0.45 0.4 0.4 0.36 0.36 31.5
0.18 0.16 0.14 0.12 0.11 0.1 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.05 25 - 20
1.4 1.4 1.25 1.25 1.12 1.12 1 1 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 14
0.36 0.32 0.32 0.28 0.28 50
0.32 0.28 0.25 0.22 0.2 0.18 0.16 0.14 63
0.22 0.22 0.2 0.2 0.18 0.16 0.14 0.12 71
0.5 0.45 0.45 0.4 0.4 0.36 0.36 0.32 0.32 0.28 0.28 0.25 80 - 63
0.18 0.16 0.14 0.12 0.11 0.1 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.05 50 –28
1.4 1.4 1.25 1.25 1.12 1.12 1 1 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 25
0.32 0.32 0.28 0.28 0.25 0.25 140–12
0.32 0.28 0.25 0.22 0.2 0.18 0.16 0.14 80 - 63
140-
0.32 0.22 0.2 0.2 0.18 0.16 0.14 0.12 125 א
0.5 0.45 0.45 0.4 0.4 0.36 0.36 0.32 0.32 0.28 0.28 0.25 20 - 16
0.18 0.16 0.14 0.12 0.11 0.1 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.05 12.5-10
1.4 1.4 1.25 1.25 1.2 1.12 1 1 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 12.5-10
0.36 0.32 0.32 0.28 20
0.4 0.36 0.32 0.28 0.25 0.22 0.2 0.18 25
0.25 0.22 0.22 0.2 0.2 0.18 0.18 0.16 31.5 22
[9]אאWE7J 5Fא
WאE7J 5
א א {א א {א א א
א F E8 5F א K א א
KEא
- 66 -
אא 121 א
א EF
[1]KUpright drillWE75Fא
K4speed pole changing motor
אאאOff/forward/ reverse switch
אאאSpeed control switch
KאאאHand feed lever
א Morse taper spindle אאSpindle head
אWork table א Table slides Column
Base אאTable elevating handle
אTable elevating screw
- 67 -
אא 121 א
א EF
Wאאאא
Kא א א א א Columnא
Kא
K Work tableא
Kא
Kא Kאא
K אאא א
Kא אא
Kא א
Kאאאא אא
אאא Kאאא
،אא Wא א
אאאא،א
א E8 5F א K א א א
Kא
[9]אWJ 8J 5
- 68 -
אא 121 א
א EF
8Kאאאאא
אאא – 8 – 5אאKKאא
KאאאאKא
- 69 -
אא 121 א
א EF
[9]KWE-85Fא
- 70 -
אא 121 א
א EF
WאאE85
Wאאאא
in [N] F = (f . D / 2) . ks
W
KEdאFא2LD KELFא f
k z אhאאאא
K s.1.1 s k
K55E1.4Fאא
KאאσKh = (f / 2) sin σאhאא
Wא
in [kW] Pc = (f . D2 / 8) ks . (n / 97400)
ηאאא
in [kW] Pmotor = Pc / η
WCutting TimeאאE9J 5
Wא
tc = L / n . f
WE9J 5FאKאאאאא L
L = lx + lb + lwp + la
ELFא f ELFאא n
lx = (D / 2 . tan σ / 2) אlx
[2]KאאאWE95Fא
- 71 -
אא 121 א
א EF
W
Kא (1
K،אאא (2
؟א (3
؟אאאא (4
Kא (5
؟א (6
Kאא (7
؟אא (8
Kאאא (9
؟אא (10
Kאאאאא (11
؟אאא (12
؟אאאאאאא (13
K( א14
Kא (15
Kאאא (16
؟אאאאא (17
42012א (18
אKאאאאא2L
L1000אא{º116Zσאא،L0.22
K0.9Zηאא
- 72 -
אא 121 א
א EF
Wאאא( א19
KL1500ZאאJ K35ZאאאJ
KL0.4ZאJ 16ZאJ
K5ZאJ 5ZאJ
KאJ º120ZσאאJ
- 73 -
אא 121 א
א EF
Turning אאWאא
WE1-6
א ،א א א אא אא
אאאאKא ?א?א
KSymmetrical Workpieces אא
א،אא،אא א،אא
Kאאאא،
אאWא،אא
K אאE16FאKאאאאא
E אE
אא א
EFacingF ETurningF
[2]אאאאאאאWE1J 6
- 74 -
אא 121 א
א EF
[2]אאWE2J 6Fא
WTypes of Lathe Machines אאE36
W אא
K،אא،א،Wא
KאWא
K،،Wאאא
- 75 -
אא 121 א
א EF
Wאא
אאא Center Latheא• א
Kאאאאאא
א אא Facing Lathe אא • א
אאKאאא
K
אא Copying Latheא• א
Fאאא
E
Eא אF Capstan Lathe EאF Turret Latheא• א
אא،א
K אKאא
، F Special Lathes •
אאאאאKE
KאKאאא
א א Vertical Lathe א • א
Kא
K،א،EFאאאאא
אא،אאאאא
Kאא،אאאא
- 76 -
אא 121 א
א EF
KאאE36Fא
[9] J
[9]J
- 77 -
אא 121 א
א EF
[9]אJ
Kאאאאאא
J
[9]KאאאWE36Fא
א Kא א א ،א א א א
Kא אא
- 78 -
אא 121 א
א EF
[2]KאאWE46Fא
אאKאאBed אJ
Kאא
א אא א א head Stock א א אJ
Kאאא
Kא א א Tail Stock Eא אF א א אJ
Kא
KאאאSpindleאא J
KאאLead ScrewEאFאא J
KאאאאאWFeed Shaft א J
- 79 -
אא 121 א
א EF
Kא אאאאאאא J
אאא Carriage אJ
Kאאאאאא
Kאאאא Bed Slide WaysEאFא J
Kא א א א
Kאאאא
אאא אא Cross Slide א אJ
Kאאאא
אאאאא Upper Slide א אJ
Kאאאאא
K،אKאTool Boxא J
Kא
א
- 80 -
אא 121 א
א EF
WאאE5J 6
Kא א א א א
אאא E5 6FאKא
KE66FאKאא
[5]KאאאWE56Fא
[5] WE66Fא
- 81 -
אא 121 א
א EF
WFixturesאE6J 6
WChuck אJ
אאאK 100 >אא
Kאא
WTwo Centers J
א K ،א א א
K אאאאLathe Carier or Dog
Kאאא אא J
W
אאאאאאא
Kאאאא
- 82 -
אא 121 א
א EF
KאאאאאאE76Fא
J J א
EF EF
- 83 -
אא 121 א
א EF
[5]KאאאWE76Fא
WאאE76
HאאאHאאHאא = אא
KאאHאא
Kאאא
א א א א א
K
Wאאאאאאא
tc = L / n .f minutes
אאאnאFKא tc
WL Kאאאאא L
L = lb + lwp + la
Kאla אאאlwp
אא lb
KאאאE86Fא
KאאWE86Fא
- 84 -
אא 121 א
א EF
אאאאE8J 6
א א אא א
،א א א Kא א
א ،אא א ،א
، אא ، א א ،
،א،אאאא
Kאא،אא،א
אאאאא
K،א،
אאאאאא
א{אאאאא
Kאאא
א א א א א א א
Kאאא
Wאאאאא
א א א א א -
אאאאא{א
Kאאאאא
،א{א{Fאאא -
KE
W {א -
- 85 -
אא 121 א
א EF
WאאE9-6
WאאאE196
EMild SteelF st 50 א
K10אאE96Fאא
KאאWE96Fא
Wאא
Kאאא J
Kא
K8540אא J
K100>א{אא J
KEHHFאאא{א J
WE106Fאא J
- 87 -
אא 121 א
א EF
E1Fאאא
א
E2Fאאא
E3Fא
א
אאא
E4F
א
E5F
KאWE106Fא
WאאJ
KאאE2FE1F
KאE4FE3F
KאE5F
KEא Fאאא
WאJ
KL20ZVא{L2Zfא{2.5ZdאE1Fא
n
n =1000.V / 3.14 . D
40=159.3 [R /min]14 ..n = 1000 . 20 / 3
KE1FאE2Fא
KEnF{L20ZV L2Zf 1Zd E3Fא
K????L20ZV L2Zf 9.5 Zd E4Fא
K???L28ZV L0.063Z f 0.5 Zd E5Fא
KPmaxאאJ
Kאא
- 88 -
אא 121 א
א EF
KE4FאאאK
Wא
Fc = b. h. Ks
z
Ks= Ks.1.1 / h Fc = d. f. Ks
Ks= 199 / 2 = 5276 [N.mm2]
0.26
WTaper TurningאאE296
Wא {אא
WאאאאE
Kאאאאא
KאאE116Fא
- 89 -
אא 121 א
א EF
[5]KאאWE116Fא
אאאא
α =D–d/2L
Wא (أ
אא{אאאא
Kאאאא
KאE126Fא
KאWE126Fא
אא (ج
- 90 -
אא 121 א
א EF
º10ZאKאאאא
K750–500
אאאKאאאEאFא
Kאאא
KאE136Fא
[5]KאWE136Fא
Wאאאאא (ح
א א K אא
E14 6F א א א א Kא א
Kא
- 91 -
אא 121 א
א EF
אאאWEJ 146Fא
[5]Kא
235אאאאWא
Kאאאº6א
אאאאWEJ 146Fא
WScrew TurningאאE396
KאאאE156Fא
- 92 -
אא 121 א
א EF
[2]אאWE156Fא
אFE6FאאאE7Fאא
،אאא KEאFE4FאאאEא
EאFE3Fאא،אא
،E8FאאאKא
אאאאEZ2 FאEZ1Fאאאא
WאE8F
E2FאאLE1Fאא
E1FאאLE 2 FאאZ
2L1Z2L1
6Zאא3Zא
2L1Z6L3Z2L1
Kאאאא
א ،א א א
Kא
אא،אאאE1Fאאא
KE16 6Fא
- 93 -
אא 121 א
א EF
[2]KאאאאWE16 6Fא
- 94 -
אא 121 א
א EF
W
Kאא( א1
Kאא( א2
Kא( א3
Kאא( א4
Wאא( א5
Wאא (أ
KאאאJ KאאJ
KאאJ
Wאج( א
KאאאאJ KאאאJ
KאאJ
KאאE
KאאאאJ KאJ
KאJ
Kאא (6
א؟؟א( א7
؟אאא (8
؟א (9
؟אאא (10
Kאאא( א11
؟א (12
- 95 -
אא 121 א
א EF
؟אאאאא (13
Wאא( א14
WאE
K100>אJ K100>אJ K100<אJ
WאE
אJ אאאJ K100<אJ
K12>
WאאE
KJ 100>אJ 12>אJ
؟אאא (15
א؟؟אא (16
؟אאא (17
؟אא (18
؟א (19
؟אאאא (20
؟אאא (21
؟אאא (22
؟אא (23
؟אאאאא (24
؟אאא (25
WאאE1Fאא (26
- 96 -
אא 121 א
א EF
؟אאא (27
Kאאאא (28
Wאאאאאא (29
Kº5א250אאאאאאאE30
KאאאE31
WאאאאאאE32
60ZאJ K4ZאJ
L0.4ZאJ KL25ZאJ
אאאJ K20אJ
K0.8ZηאאJ
- 97 -
אא 121 א
א EF
Milling אWאא
WE1J 7
אא א Kאאא
אאאא א
Kא
{ ،א א א ،א א
Kאא א ،אא א ،Eא F אא
אEPeripheral milling Fאאא אא
אE1 7FאKE Face millingF אאא
Kא
[14]KאWE17Fא
אLאfz אb אd
אae אאφs
- 98 -
אא 121 א
א EF
[2]KאאאWE27Fא
WMilling MachinesאE37
א א אא א א א W
KE37FאKאא
- 99 -
אא 121 א
א EF
[14]KWE37Fא
7FאKאאא א
א،א ،א KE4
Kאאא
- 100 -
אא 121 א
א EF
[9]WE47Fא
אBed Cross Saddle Vertical Saddle
Crossrail אאSpindle Carrier אWork Surface
- 101 -
אא 121 א
א EF
- 102 -
אא 121 א
א EF
[4]KאWE57Fא
אאE5J 7
א،אא אאאאא
א אKEאאאFאאאאא
Wאא
ft = fz . z. n
- 103 -
אא 121 א
א EF
W
אאאאאאא n
KELFאא
Kאאאא z
KELFEאאF{אאא zf
KEKFא ft
אאאE1 7Fא
Kאאאא
[2]KאאWE17Fא
- 104 -
אא 121 א
א EF
WאאE6-7
אאEאFאאאאא
Kא
אא אאא
Kאאאאא
L = lb + lwp + la[mm]
KאאאE67Fא
KאאאWE67Fא
WאE77
א א א W א
א א K א א א Kאא
Kאא אאא א
א אא ،א א א
א،אאאKאאא
אאאאאא
Kאאאא
- 105 -
אא 121 א
א EF
WאאE177
א א א א א א א
אKאאאא
KאEK7.7FEK7.7F
Kא z
Kאא φ
s
Kא d
- 106 -
אא 121 א
א EF
Kא D
KאאE87Fא
Kאאאא،אWE87Fא
Cos φs = ((D / 2 – d) / (D / 2) = 1 – 2d / D
zie / z = φs / 360
zie = (z . φs ) / 360
Wאאא،אאא
Fc = b . hm . ks
ks = ks.1.1 / hm
Hm = (114.6 / φs) . fz . (d / D)
KEFאא hmW
KאאאאKאאא
אאאE277
אא א
KאאאאאאKאאא
א א{אאאאא
Kאאא{א
Wאuאא
u = 0.05 d
אאאאאd אאאאאd
EאF EאאF
- 107 -
אא 121 א
א EF
D= 1.33 . b d =1.66 . b
KאאאE97Fא
[14]KאאאאWE97Fא
WאE1277
אא ، א א א א א
K
א hm אא אא א
KE107FאאKאאאא
KאאאאאWE107Fא
Wאאאא
hm = (57.3 / φs) . fz . sin χ ( cos φ1 – cos φ2)
- 108 -
אא 121 א
א EF
φs = φ2 – φ1
cos φ1 = 2 B1 / D
cos φ2 = 2 B2 / D
zie = z . φs / 360º
W
Kאאא zie
Kא z
K[°]אא χ
Kא D
Kא d
WאאE1J 8F
אאE 50 Kp/mmF ST 50א
KE117FאאKא3
W
H.s.s.אא 8Zzא 80ZDא
50Zא γZº12 χ = 90º
E1J 8FאWE11J 7Fא
- 109 -
אא 121 א
א EF
Wא
{dאא{אא{א
Wאא
KL0.1ZELאFfz
KL25ZEאFV
0.26Zz 199ZKs.1.1
[kW] Pc = Ftotal . V / 102 . 60
Ftotal = Fc . zie
zie = z . φs / 360º
Cos φs = 1 – 2 d / D
= 1 – (2 . 3 / 80)
= 1 – (6 / 80)
= 80 – (6 / 80)
= 74 / 80
= 0.925
φs = 22º 20´ = 22.33º
- 110 -
אא 121 א
א EF
[5]אאWE127Fא
{ 40E5FאאE4FאWא
א E13F א K א E2F א א E3F א
אE7Fא{אאאKאא
171615FאאאKאאאאאאE86F
אKE493743413937FE333129272321FE201918
א{Eאאא אאF אא
- 111 -
אא 121 א
א EF
- 112 -
אא 121 א
א EF
KאאE137Fא
[5]KאאWE137Fא
- 113 -
אא 121 א
א EF
W
KאאE1
؟אאE2
؟אאאE3
WאאאE4
WאאE
אJ אJ אJ
WאאE
אאJ אJ
J
WאאאאE
אJ אJ אJ אJ
WאאE
אאJ אJ
KאאJ
؟אE5
؟אE6
WE7
EF KאאאאJ
EF KאאJ
EF KאאאJ
EF KאאאאאאJ
EF KאאאJ
؟אאE8
؟אאE9
- 114 -
אא 121 א
א EF
؟אאE10
אאאאאE11
Kא
KאאE12
؟אאאאאE13
KאאאE14
؟אאאE15
KאאאE16
KאאאE17
KאאאאE18
؟אאאאE19
؟אאE20
؟אאאאאאE21
؟אאאאאאE22
2
4א L 600אאאאE23
K 75 12،אא
K10545א
0.8 א א א א
K8אאאאא
KאE24
KאאE25
KאK24E26
؟؟KאאאE27
- 115 -
אא 121 א
א EF
GrindingאWאא
E1-8
אאאאKאאאאא
Kאאאאא
،E 0.03 J 0.002Fא א
، \ 0.12 J 0.02FEאאF
KאEא
אאאא א ،אא א
KE18FאאKאאא
[5]KאWE18Fא
WאאאE2-8
Wאאא
W{ אJ
אEµm4J 1F{Eµm8J 4F
KEµm1J 0.25F J
Kאא{ J
- 116 -
אא 121 א
א EF
KאאאאאאאEF J
Kאאא،אא،אא J
אאאאאאא،אא J
Kאא
Kאאאאאא J
KאאE2 8Fא
K
[5]אאWE2 8Fא
- 117 -
אא 121 א
א EF
אאאאאE3 8Fא
[5]אאאWE38Fא
א Eא F א א E 4 8F א
Kאאאאאא
[2]אWE48Fא
- 118 -
אא 121 א
א EF
[14]KWE58Fא
Kאא אJ
Kא WאJ
KEאFאא WEאFאJ
K WאJ
K WאJ
KEFאWאJ
Kא WאאJ
אא WWheel GuardאאJ
- 119 -
אא 121 א
א EF
KE88F،E78F،E68Fא
[9]KאאWE68Fא
[5]KWE78Fא
- 120 -
אא 121 א
א EF
[9]KאאWE88Fא
א אא
Kאאאא אא
- 121 -
אא 121 א
א EF
WGrinding WheelsאE4J 8
א א אא א א ، א
KVoidsאאאאKא
،אאא،א،א אא
، א א א Kא
Kאאאא،אא
WWheel SymbolאE148
אאאא،א
Kאאאא
Wאא
A 46 k 5 v
KEC אAFאEAFא• א
180 J 80، 60J 30، 24 J 8FאE 46F• א
KE3FאKEא600J 200،
Z ، U - Y، E - T،א A - D FאE kF• א
KEא
KEא15J 9،8J 1FאE5F• א
KאאאEvFא• א
W،אאאאא
א Vertified V
Resinoid B
Rubber R
Shellac E
א Sillicate S
Magnesia Mg
- 122 -
אא 121 א
א EF
Wheel ShapesאE248
Kא אE98Fא
[1]KאWE98Fא
WWheel SelectionאאE58
Wא אא
Kאאא •
Kאא •
Kא •
Kאא •
Kאא •
Kאאאאא •
Kאאאאאאאא •
Kאאאא •
- 123 -
אא 121 א
א EF
ﻣﻌﺎدن
اﻟﺰهﺮ اﻟﺼﻠﺐ آﺮﺑﻴﺪ ﺧﻔﻴﻔﺔ
م/ث م/ث م/ث م/ث ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﺠﻠﻴﺦ
30 25 8 35 ﺗﺠﻠﻴﺦ ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ
25 25 8 20 ﺗﺠﻠﻴﺦ أﺳﻄﺢ
25 20 8 25 ﺗﺠﻠﻴﺦ داﺧﻠﻲ
KאאאאWE108Fא
- 125 -
אא 121 א
א EF
KאEאFאא (ب
KאאאE
KאאE
KEאFאE
KאE
KאE
KאאE
א ،א E
Kאא
אאאאE
K
KאאE
KאאE
Wא
Kאא (أ
Kא א J
Kאא J
KאאאE
- 126 -
אא 121 א
א EF
א،אאאE
אאא א E
אF א
Kא
KאאאאאאאE
KאאאאE
KאאאE
،אKאא ،אאאאE
Kאא
KאKאאאE
אKאא،E
א،אאאא J אKא
Kאא،אא
K?א?
- 127 -
אא 121 א
א EF
W
Kא .a
Kא .b
؟אא .c
؟אאא .d
؟אא .e
؟אא .f
؟אאאא א.g
؟א .h
Kאא א.i
Kאאא .j
Kאא .k
Kאאא .l
Kאאא .m
Kא א.n
Kאאא א.o
- 128 -
אא 121 א
א EF
אאאWאא
Nontraditional Machining Processes
،אאאאא
א1940אKאאא،א
WאאאאKאא
KEאאFא J
Kא J
Kאאאא J
KPlasma Arc MachiningאאE1.9
אאKאאאאאאא
KL6אK1001
אאKאאאא
אאאאאאא
KאE1.9FאKא
[14]אWE1.9Fא
- 129 -
אא 121 א
א EF
Kאאאאאא
EאFאא
אאאKא
אKאאאא
אאאא30000א
אKאאאאאא א
Kאא
WLaser Beam MachiningאE2.9
אאא
KאאאאKא
אאאאאאא
KאE1.2.9FאKEאאFאא
[14]אWE1.2.9Fא
Kאא،א،אאא
K1Kא10אא
- 130 -
אא 121 א
א EF
אKאL90אL6Kא
KאאאE2.2.9F
[14]אWE2.2.9Fא
אאאאאאאאא
KEאאאאFא
،אFאאאאא
אאEאאא
KאאאKא
Kאאאאאאאא
EE3.2.9FאאF
[14]אאWE3.2.9Fא
- 131 -
אא 121 א
א EF
[9]KאאWE1.3.9Fא
،אאKא א
Kאא،אא
- 132 -
אא 121 א
א EF
[14]KאאWE1.4.9א
אאאאאאא
אKאאאא
KאאאאE2.4.9FאK
- 133 -
אא 121 א
א EF
[14]אאWE2.4.9Fא
אאKאאא
אאא،500000200
אEF אאKK،1K،K3אא
אאKאאאא
Kאא
Fאאא
אאאאאאאאאKEא
Kאאאא12000אא
אאא E3.4.9Fא
Kאא
- 134 -
אא 121 א
א EF
[14]KאWE3.4.9Fא
אא
אא
KאאאאKK،3K،1
אאאאאאא
א אאKK،7
Kאאא
KאE5.4.9Fא
[14]KאWE5.4.9Fא
- 135 -
אא 121 א
א EF
Electrochemical MachiningאאE5.9
אאאאאא
KאאE1.5.9FאK
[9]אאWE1.5.9Fא
E30–5FאאE40000–50Fאאאא
EFאאאEאFאEאFא
Kאאאאאאאא
אKאאאא
אאKאא
Kאאאאאאאא
KEK،8K،K3Fא
Wאא
J J אJ J
–60אאאא
אאאאKL240
אאאאKא
Kאא
- 136 -
אא 121 א
א EF
אאKאאE2.5.9Fא
KאאאאאKאא
[9]KאאWE2.5.9Fא
KאאE3.5.9Fא
Kא
[9]KאאWE3.5.9Fא
- 137 -
אא 121 א
א EF
[9]KאאWE1.6.9Fא
אאאאא
אKאא
EK،K5Fא
אאKא
אאאאאאאאאKאא
אאאאאאאKא
12000אא
Kא
Kאאאא،אא
אא،א،א
Kא
- 138 -
אא 121 א
א EF
Wאאא
KK،KK51K،K1 J
K6.3א J
- Kאאאאאא
Kאאאאא J
- 139 -
אא 121 א
א EF
א אE10
WE1.10
،אאאאאאא
אאאKא،،،
אאאאאאאKאא
אאKאא
אKאאEאFאאאא
אא، א
אאאאאאאKא
אאKE NC–Numerical Control Fאאאא
אאאאאאא
אאאאאאאא
אKא
א
CNC - אאKאאאאא
KComputer Numerical Control
،א،א،א،א،אאאאא
אאאא Kאאא
אא،אאא،אא
אאא،אאאא
א،אא
K
- 140 -
אא 121 א
א EF
WאאE2.10
Wאא،
KאאאJ Kאא J
EאFאאאJ א J
אאJ א J
KאJ אא J
אJ א J
אJ א J
KאאJ א J
אJ א J
אJ
אאא
אאאאאא
אאK
Kאאא،אא
אאאאאא
K
WאאE3.10
W
T،אf،אS{אאאNF J
Eאא
Kאאאאאא J
אאM03FMא J
،אאM05،אאM07،אא
EEאאאFאM10 ،אM60
- 141 -
אא 121 א
א EF
G01FאאאG J
אG97،אאאG02،
EEאאאFאאא
N10 G96 S200 F0.2 T01
אאא N10
א G96
L200אאא S200
KL0.2אאאF0.2
K1אאאאא T01
א
אא،א،
אKאאא
אאאKא
א،אא،אא
אאאאאא
Kאאאאא
WאאאE4.10
Kאאאא
אאאאאא
KאאאE1FאKאא
KE3FאאE2FאE1Fאאא
KE6FאאאE5FאאאאאE4Fא
- 142 -
אא 121 א
א EF
[12]אאאWE1Fא
אאא،אאאאא
אאאKאאאE3FאKClosed Loop System
אאאאאאאא
אאאאאאאאKא
KאאE4FאKאאKא
[12]אאאWE4Fא
- 143 -
אא 121 א
א EF
[12]אאWE3Fא
KWE4Fא
אאKאאא
Kאא
Kאאא
[9]WE4Fא
- 144 -
אא 121 א
א EF
אא
Wאאאאא
؟אא?אKאE1
אאאאא
אאאKאא
K??אא
KאאאאE2
Kאאאא J
א J
אאאא J
Kאאאאאאאא J
K،، J
KאE3
Cutting motionא
WWorkpieceאאאא
אאאא
אtoolאא
אאאא
אא
Feed Motionא
א،،אאאאא
אאאאאK
Kא
- 145 -
אא 121 א
א EF
אאאאאא
אאאKאאאאKא
Kא
KאאאאאאE4
KאאאאאאE5
- 146 -
אא 121 א
א EF
KאאE6
KאאאאאאE7
KאאE8
K،אאE9
- 147 -
אא 121 א
א EF
KאאאE10
א،א،א،אא
אאKא،אא
אאאאא
EϕFאאKאאאאא
אאאאKאאאאא
Kאא
Kאאא،אאא
Kאאא
אWE31Fא
؟؟אאאE11
Wאא
א א א
EF
°5<א °5>א°15Zא
L15< L15–5
- 148 -
אא 121 א
א EF
א؟؟אאאE12
אאאאEא)אאא
Kא
؟אאאאאE13
Wאאאא
Kאא אJ
אאאאא אJ
אאאא אJ
אאאאא אJ
KאאאE14
אאאא
Kאאאא
KאאאאאE15
אאאאאאאאא
،אא،L80א
אא،אKא،א
Kא،א
KאאאאE16
אאKאאאאאאאא J
Kאא
אאאאאא אJ
אKא
- 149 -
אא 121 א
א EF
WאאE17
EF Kאאאאא (ث
WאאאE18
א J
- 150 -
אא 121 א
א EF
אאאE
אאאאאאא
K
KאאאאE
אאאאא،
אאKאKאאאאא
אא،אאא
Kאאאא
- 151 -
אא 121 א
א EF
Wאאאאא
KאE1
אאKא،א،אWא
Kאאא،،אאא،אא،א
Kא،א،אאאא
KאאאE2
Kאאאאאאאא
אאאKאא
אאאאאא،
Kאאאאאא
،א،אאא
Kא
אE3
Kאאאאאאא
،אא
2FEFאאאאKE2Fא
אFאאאאאE
KEL
אאאאE4
אא،אא
אאאאKא
אאאKאאאאא א
- 152 -
אא 121 א
א EF
אאאKאאאאאא
אאאKאאאאא
Kאאא
אאאE5
Wאאא
אא •
Kאאאאאא
א •
Kא
Finishing •
Roughingא •
Kאא •
אא •
Kאא
אאאE6
Nאאאאאאא
N=1000 V / πd
[m/min]אVW
rev/min אאאN
[mm] Kא،א،אאא،אd
אE7
אאאאאא
Kאאא
- 153 -
אא 121 א
א EF
- 154 -
אא 121 א
א EF
- 155 -
אא 121 א
א EF
Wאאאאא
؟אאאאE1
KאאאאאאאאJ
؟אאאE2
،אאא،אאאאאא
א
Kאא،א
KאאאאE3
א אJ אJ
אאאאE4
אאאא •
{אאאאא
אאא
אאאאאא
אאאא •
אאאא،אא
אא{א
אאא
Kאא
אאא •
Kא
- 156 -
אא 121 א
א EF
؟γאאE5
KאJ
؟λאאאE6
KאאאאאאJ
؟αsאאα אאE7
KאאאאJ
؟βאאאE8
J
؟χאאE9
Kאאאא،אJ
KאאאאE10
- 157 -
אא 121 א
א EF
؟אאE11
،א،אאאא
א?א?א،א،א
Kאאאא،אא
KאאאE13
KאאE14
ISO 2 DIN 4972 L 25 q k 10
KאאאISO 2
אאאאאאDIN 4972
אL
25א25 q
אאאK 10
KאאאאE15
אאאJ J J
KאאאאאאאE16
אא،א،א،א،א ،
- 158 -
אא 121 א
א EF
E17
EF KאאאאE
EF KאאאאאאE
EF אאE
EF Kאאאא E
אאאE18
אאE
אאא א א
אאאE
אאא אא א
אאE
אאא אא א
אאE
אא אא
אאא
E19
אאאאאא (ج
Kאאאא
Kאאא (ح
א1200אאא
Kאאא
אאא
אאאאאאאא
Kאאאאא
- 159 -
אא 121 א
א EF
W?א?אאאא (خ
אאאא،אאא
Kאאא
KאאאאE20
אJ אJ KאJ
KאאאאE21
Kאא J
Kא J
Kא J
Wאאאא،אאאאאE22
אאאאאאא
K
WאאE23
Kאאאאאאאאאא
KאאאאאE24
אאא،אא
אאאEF
Kא א
KאאאאאE25
אאאאא
KEאאאאF
- 160 -
אא 121 א
א EF
Wאאאאאא
KאE1
אאFsאאאFzאא
אאאKFSNאאאאאא
אאאאאאאאאא
Kאאאאאאאא،Φ
؟אE2
Wא
אאאאאJ
Kא
KאאאאאJ
KאאאאאאJ
אאאEFixturesFאJ
Kא
؟אE3
،אאאא،אאא
אK אאאאא
Kאאאא
- 161 -
אא 121 א
א EF
KאאאאאE4
WאKinziele
Fc = b . h . ks
z
אFKs= ks.1.1 / h = ( 3 – 5 σs
W
אא h Kאא b
1Zאא1Zאאאא Ks.1.1
Kא z
؟אאא؟אE5
Kאא٪67Etangential componentFאאFt
Kאא٪27Eradial componentFאאFr
Kאא٪6Eaxial componentFאאFa
؟אאאאE6
Kא،אא،אאא،א،א،א
KאאאE7
אאאא
KאאE8
אאאאאאא
Kאאאא
KאאאE9
אאאאא
KאאאE10
Kאאאא
؟؟אE11
Pc = Ft . V / 102 . 60 [kw] Pcא
W
[ N]אאא Ft [m / min]א V
- 162 -
אא 121 א
א EF
Kאא102א60א
א،אאאא
EFηאאאאאKא
W
Pmotor = Pc / η [kw]
Kא0.90.7η
Kאאא
WE12
EF Kאאאא (ب
EF KאאאאE
EF KאאאE
EF אאאE
אL45st 50אאאE13
2L200Ks.1.1אאK222.4
WK
KאE א (ث
0.8ZηאאאE
F = b . h . k s = A . Ks
A = b. h , b = d = 2 mm
2.4 = 2 . h
h = 2.4 / 2 = 1.2 mm
Ks = ks.1.1 / hn , n = 0.26
Ks = 200 / 1.20.26 = 190.7 kp/ mm2
F = 2.4mm2 . 190.7 kp / mm2 = 457.7 kp
P = F . V / 6120 = 457.7 . 45 / 6120 = 3.4 k
- 163 -
אא 121 א
א EF
Wאאאאא
KאE1
،אKאאאאא
،אא،EאFא،EאFא
Kא،אאא،
،אאEאFאE2
K
א J
אאאא J
؟אE3
Kאאאא J
؟אאאא (4
J J J אJ
Kא (5
אKאא
E4FאאאEאאFE1FאE3Fאאא
אאKE2Fא
Kאאאאא
KאWE15Fא
- 164 -
אא 121 א
א EF
؟א (6
K،א،א J
א،א،א،אאא J
Kא
Kאא (7
KאK1 KאK1
KK2 KאK2
Kאא K3
KאאK3 KאאK
KאK4 KאK4
KאK5 KאK5
Kאא KאK6
KאK6
KאאWE35Fא
؟אא (8
Kאאא אJ
Kאאאא אJ
אאא J
אאאא אJ
Kאאא J
Kאא( א9
J J אJ J J
- 165 -
אא 121 א
א EF
؟אאE10
KאאJ
KJ
KאאאאאE11
J
אא J
Kא J
؟אאא (12
KIT 60.001אא
؟אאאאאאא (13
א J
אאא J
K( א14
Wא
J אJ אאJ
J J אאJ
J אאJ
Kא (15
Kאאאא
- 166 -
אא 121 א
א EF
Kאאא (16
Kא
Kאא
Kא
؟אאאאא (17
אאאא
Kאאאא
L42012א (18
L0.22אKאאאאא2
אL1000אא{º116Zσאא،
K0.9Zηא
in [kp] F = (f x D / 2) . ks
= ( 0.22 . 12 / 2) . Ks
ks = 1.25 (ks turning)
Ks turning = ks.1.1 / hz
h = (f / 2) sin σ
h = (0.22 / 2) . sin 116
h = 0.11 . 0.8988 = 0.1
ksturning = 1750 / 0.10.17
= 123.6 [kp]
ks Drilling = 1.25 . 123.6 = 154.5 [kp / mm2]
F = (0.22 . 6) 1545 = 2039.33 [kp]
Pc = (f . D2 / 8) ks . (n / 97400) in [kW]
= (0.22 . 144 / 8) 154.5 ( 1000 / 97400)
= 3.96 x154.5 x 0.01 = 6.3 kW
Pmotor = Pc / η in [kW]
= 6.3 / 0.9 = 7 kW
- 167 -
אא 121 א
א EF
Wאאא( א19
ZאאאJ K35ZאאאJ
L1500
KL0.4ZאJ K16ZאJ
K5ZאJ K5ZאJ
KאJ º120ZσאאJ
tc = L / n x f
L = lx + lb + lwp + la
lx = {(D / 2) . tan σ / 2}
= {(16 / 2) . tan 120 /2) = (8 .1.732) = 13.85 mm
L = 13.85 + 5 + 35 + 5 = 58.85 mm
tc = 58.85 / 1500 x 0.4 = 58.85 / 600 = 0.1 min
- 168 -
אא 121 א
א EF
Wאאאאא
Kאא( א2
אאE2FאאאE1Fא
E5FKE4FאאאE3F
Kאא
אא( א3
J J אJ אJ J
KJ
Kא( א4
،א،א،Fא אא
אאאא،EאFא،E
WאאKE،،F
Kאא( א5
אJ אאJ אJ אאJ
KJ
- 169 -
אא 121 א
א EF
Wאא( א6
WאאE
אJ אאJ J
Wאא (ت
- 170 -
אא 121 א
א EF
؟אאא (9
אאאאאאא
Kא
؟א (10
אאאKאאאאא
אאKאאאאאKא
אKאא
Kאאא
؟אאא (11
Kאאאאא،אא
Kאאאא( א12
Kאא (20
Kא (21
K (22
K (23
؟א (13
KאאאאJ
؟אאאאא (14
KאאJ KאJ KJ
KאאJ KאJ
- 171 -
אא 121 א
א EF
Wאא( א15
WאE
K100>אJ 100>אJ 100<א
WאE
אאאJ 100<אJ
12>אJ
WאאE
J 100>אJ 12>אJ
K
؟אאאE15
אאאאאאאא
Kא
א؟؟אאE16
אאא
Kאאאא
؟אאאE17
K9
؟אאאא (19
אאHאאHאאZאא
אאHאאHא
Kאאא
אא אא
Kא
- 172 -
אא 121 א
א EF
؟אאא (20
Wאא
אאאאJ אאאJ KאאJ
Kא
אJ KאJ
؟אאא (21
אאאאאאא
tc = L / n x f minutes
א f אtc
L KאאאאאL
אHאאHאאאZL
K
L = lb + lwp + la
؟אא (22
אאאא
،א،א،אא
،אאא،אא
Kאאאאא
؟אאאאא (23
{אאאאאא -
אאאאאאאאא
Kא
- 173 -
אא 121 א
א EF
،א{א{Fאאא -
E
W {א -
Eא{Fא• א
Fא •
KE
Fא• א
KECNC
אאFאאא •
KE
אאאאאאא -
Kא
Kאאא -
Kאאאא -
אאאאאFאא -
{אאאאא
KEא
Kאא -
Kאאאא -
KEאאאFאא -
אא -
Kאא
- 174 -
אא 121 א
א EF
Kא -
Kאא -
Kאאא -
؟אאא (24
Wאא -
Eא{Fא• א
Fא •
KE
Fא• א
KECNC
אאFאאא •
E
Wאאא (25
- 175 -
אא 121 א
א EF
؟אאא (26
Kאאאאאא -
Kאא -
Kאאאא -
Kאאאא -
Kאאא( א27
Kאא -
Kאא -
Kאאאאא -
KאKאאאKא -
- 176 -
אא 121 א
א EF
Wאאאאא( א28
אאאא
Tan α = D – d / 2 L
= 37 – 30 / 2 x 40 = 7 / 80 = 0.0875
α = 5º
º5א250אאאאאאאאE31
AC = 250 . sin 5º = 250 .0.0871 = 21.775 mm
אאאE32
אא
אאאאאE33
Wא
60ZאJ 4ZאJ
L0.4ZאJ L25ZאJ
- 177 -
אא 121 א
א EF
0.8ZηאאאJ 20אJ
F = b . h . ks = d .f. Ks
, h = f = 0.4 mm b = d = 2 mm
- 178 -
אא 121 א
א EF
Wאאאאא
KאאE1
אא{،אאא،אא
אKאאא،אאא،EאF
אEPrepherial Milling Fאאא א
KאאE1.7FאKEFace MillingFאאא
אא
؟אאE2
K -
Kא -
؟אאאE3
Wאא
KJ KאJ K J KJ
KJ KאאJ
- 179 -
אא 121 א
א EF
אאאE4
WאאE
KאJ KאJ K אJ
WאאE
J אאJ KאJ
K
WאאאאE
KאJ KאJ KאJ KאJ
WאאE
אאJ אJ
KאאJ
؟אE5
J KאJ KאJ KאJ KאJ
אא
KאאאJ KאאJ KאאJ
؟אE6
Kאאאאא
W א
؟אא؟אJ
KאאאJ
KאאאJ
K{{{J
- 180 -
אא 121 א
א EF
{{אאJ
WE7
EF KאאאאJ
EF KאאJ
EF KאאאJ
EF אאאאאאJ
EF אאאJ
؟אאE8
ft = f z . z . n
W
אאאאאאא n
Kאא
Kאאאא z
EאאFKאאא zf
א ft
؟אאE9
Kאאאאא
؟אאE10
Kאא
אאאאאE11
Kא
- 181 -
אא 121 א
א EF
אאאאאאא
K
KאאE12
אEאFאאאאא
Kאא
אאאאא
Kאאאאא
[mm] L = lb + lwp + la
؟אאאאאE13
Wא
אאJ אאJ
Kא
KאאאE14
א-
א-
؟אאאE15
אא אאא
Kאא
אאאאאאא
K
KאאאE16
zie = z. φs / 360
Cos φs = 1 – 2d / D
- 182 -
אא 121 א
א EF
W
Kאאאzie
Kאz
Kאאφs
Kאd
KאD
Hm = (114.6 / φs) . fz . (d / D)
W
אאhm
אאφs
אd
אD
אfz
KאאאאE18
אאאא -
אא -
Kא
؟אאאאE19
Kאאאא
- 183 -
אא 121 א
א EF
؟אאE20
Wאuאא
u = 0.05 . d
אאאאאd אאאאאd
EאF EאאF
d= 1.33 . b D=1.66 . b
؟אאאאאאE21
φs = φ2 – φ1
cos φ1 = 2 B1 / D
cos φ2 = 2 B2 / D
zie = z . φs / 360º
W
אאאzie
Kא z
אD
אd
؟אאאאאאE22
Wאאאא
hm = (57.3 / φs) . fz . sin χ ( cos φ1 – cos φ2)
φs = φ2 – φ1
cos φ1 = 2 B1 / D
- 184 -
אא 121 א
א EF
cos φ2 = 2 B2 / D
zie = z. φs / 360º
W
אאאzie
Kא z
אאχ
אD
אd
4א2L600אאאאE23
K7512،אא
K10545א
0.75אאאא
K8אאאאא
Wאא {dאא{אא{א
KL0.1ZELאFsz
KL25ZEאFV
0.26Zz 2L1990ZKs.1.1
Pc = Ftotal . V / 102 . 60 [kW]
Ftotal = Fc . zie
zie = z. φs / 360º
Cos φs = 1 – 2 d / D
= 1 – 2 x 4 / 75
= 1 – 8 / 75
= 75 – 8 / 75
= 67 / 75
= 0.89
φs = 27º 40´ = 27.66º
- 185 -
אא 121 א
א EF
Fc = b . hm . ks
- 186 -
אא 121 א
א EF
KEאאFאא40אא{Eאאא
אאאאאא
KאאאE10FאE11FאKאא
KאאE12Fאא
KאK24E26
2E3L2FZ24L40
K15א11אאא
؟؟KאאאE27
KאאאאJ
،אא
Kאא
- 187 -
אא 121 א
א EF
Wאאא
KאE1
אא
אאאאKא
Kאאאאאא
KאE2
،E0.03J 0.002Fאא
،L0.12J 0.02FEאאF
אKאEא
אאא،א
Kאא
؟אאE3
Wאא
אאאJ
אאאאאJ
KאאאאJ
א،אאאא
Kאא،אא
؟אאאE4
Wא
KאJ
KאJ
KאאJ
- 188 -
אא 121 א
א EF
KאאאJ
KאאJ
KאאאJ
؟אא E5
Wא
א -
אא -
Kא
אאא -
Kא -
؟אאE6
א א א
Kאאאא،אא
؟אE7
א،א،אאא
אKא،אא
אא،אא،א
Kאא
KאאאE8
46 k 5 v
C AFאEAFא• א
KE
J 80،60J 30،24J 8FאE46F• א
KE3FאKEא600J 200،180
- 189 -
אא 121 א
א EF
KאאאE9
Kאאא •
Kאא •
Kא •
Kאא •
Kאא •
KאאE10
אאא،אאא
Kא
KאאאE11
א
Kא
KאאאE12
אEאFאאאאא
Kאא
אאאאא
Kאאאאאא
[mm] L = lb + lwp + la
- 190 -
אא 121 א
א EF
KאאE13
Kאא -
Kאא -
Kאא -
Kאאא א-
Kאאאאא א-
KאאאאE14
KאELFאאא .a
KאEאFאא .b
אאאאE3
Kא
אאאאE4
K
KאאאאאאאE5
KאאאאE6
- 191 -
121 א
א
EF
א
GLOSSARY
Abrasive
Alignment א
Arbor
Arm bracket אא
Automatic
Backlash
Basic hole system א
Basic shaft system א
Bearing _ א
Bed
Belt
Flat ……
V ……
Blind hole
Block
V ……
Bluntness
Borax א { א
Boring
…… bar
Counter …… א
……. Tool
Burring אא
Carbide
121 א
א
EF
א
א
Cemented ……
Silicon …… א
…… tipped tool
carriage
Cement {
Centre {
…… mark א
…… punch א
centering
…… tool
chain
chamfer
Change gears
Chart
chatter
Chip א
…… breaker אא
clamping
………... bolts
Clasp nut
Clay
Clearance angle אא
Closers
clutch
Concentricity
Coolant
121 א
א
EF
א
cooling
Corundum
Counter borer א
Counter boring
Cutting
……. Angle אא
……. Edge אא
Dry ……. E F
…….. force א
……… tool א{א
Wet …… EF
Cylindrical grinder א
Dial gauge
Dividing head
Dovetailed groove
Down milling א
Draw –in- bolt
dressing
Drill {
Bench ……
Centre ……
Gang ……
Hand ……
Radial …….
Twist ……
Upright
121 א
א
EF
א
drilling
……… spindle א
Spot …….
…… machine {
Drive א
eccentric
……. lathe
……… turning א
Electrolytic copper א
End face
End milling א
……. cutter
Engagement
Erection
Face plate
Facing א
Feather key
Feed
…….. gears א
…… box א
Felspar א
Fine-pitch thread
Finishing
………. tool
Fit א
Class of …… אא
121 א
א
EF
א
Clearance …… א
Grade of …… אא
Interference …… אא
Transition …… א
System of …… א
Flank א
Floating reamer
Floating sleeve
Flute
flux
forming
gear
Bevel …….
Worm …….
<<Go >> gouge
grease
grinding
Cylindrical …… א
External …….
Internal …….. א
……… machine {
Surface ……..
……. Wheel א
Guiding way
Hardness
Headstock אאא
121 א
א
EF
א
High speed steel א
Hob
Honing
Horizontal milling machine
Indexing
…….. crank א
……. pin
…….. plate
……. Fixture
ISA אאאא
ISO אאא
Jig boring machine א
Knurling EF
Lead screw א
Leading cutting edge אא
Lever א
Control ……. א
Hand ……. א
Locking ……. א
Limit gauge א
Lip angle אא
Longitudinal א
Lubricant
Lubrication
Machine
…….. tool
121 א
א
EF
א
Magnesite
Maintenance
Major diameter אא
Margin
Marking E F
Mesh
Meshing
Metal cutting א
Milling
……. Cutter
Minor diameter אא
Muffle furnace
neck א
Nominal size א
Nose
…….. angle אא
<<NOT GO>>gauge(also<<NO GO>> gauge)
Paraffin א
Pilot
Pitch
……. diameter א
Plain tool steel
Planning
…….. machine
Plug gauge א
pneumatic
121 א
א
EF
א
Point angle אא
Power train א
Radial drill א
Rake angle אא
Reaming
Resin א
Rest
Return stroke אא
Rigid
rough א
Roughing א
Scraper
Screw
Scriber E F
Self – centering אא
Setting – up א
Shaft
Shank
Cylindrical ……. E Fא
Tapered …….
shaping
…….. machine
sharpening
Shell end mill
shellac {
Side angle אא
121 א
א
EF
א
Side angle אאא
Sintering
Size
Nominal ……. אא
Basic …… אא
Slotting
Snap gauge
spacer
Spanner א
Spindle א
Spirit א
Split nut
Stepped pulley
Stop
Straight turning E Fא
Switch
Swiveling arm א
Table
Tailstock אאא
Tap
tapping א
Template
Testing א
Thread
Metric ……
Whitworth …… EF
121 א
א
EF
Threading
…… die
Three – jaw chuck
Through hole
Tolerance
……. Zone א
Disposition א
Grade of …… א
Tool {
…… holder א
…….. - life אא
……. Post E Fא
Trailing cutting edge אא
Truing א
T – slot T
Turning א
…… tool א
Turpentine א
Twist drill
V – block
Vertical milling machine
Vice
Wedge א
…… angle אא
Worm
…… wheel
121 א
אא
EF
אא
Wאאא
KJ {1990אאאא–אא (1
–אאKKא
אא{אא{{אE2
K،א{{א{א1981{אאE3
K،א،،1985{אE4
–J _{1977{?אE5
אא{–{–א
{{{1977{{אאE6
{א{אאא{{1978{א{אאאאE7
Kא
{א{אא{{1977{א{אאאאE8
Kא
121 א
אא
EF
اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻊ اﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ
9) Tool and manufacturing engineers handbook” volume I , Machining, Thomas
J. Drozda, Charles Wick, 1983, 4th edition, Society of manufacturing
Engineers, USA.
11) Machining fundamentals, John R. Walker, 1989, forth edition, the Goodhreat
– Willcox Company, USA
13) Basic machining Reference Handbook, Arthur R. Meyers, 2001, 2nd Ed., Industrial
press Inc.
אאאאא
אא אאא
א،אא א
אא،אאא،אאא،א א
א א
אא אא
אאאא א
א،،א א
א،א،א،א א
א،א،א،א،א،אא א
אא،אא א
אא א
א،א،אא،א א
א،אא א
א א
אא
אא
א 121 אא
א
א
1
2 א
4 WאWאא
5 Kאא
6 K אאאא
7 Wאאא
7 \א1J 1
7 Kאאא2J 1
8 Kאאא3J 1
8 KKא4J 1
11 Kא5J 1
13 Kאאא6J 1
14 Kאאא7J 1
15 KKאא8J 1
18
21 Wאאא
21 K1J 2
21 Kא2J 2
22 Kא3J 2
23 Kא4J 2
27 K
א 121 אא
28 Wאאאא
28 Kאא1J 3
29 Kאאא2J 3
33 Kאאא3J 3
33 Kאא4J 3
34 Kאאאא5J 3
41 Kאא6J 3
43 Kאא7J 3
43 K1–7J 3
45
47 Wאאאא
47 K1J 4
48 Kא2J 4
50 Kא3J 4
50 Kא4J 4
52 Kאאאא5J 4
53
56 Wאאא
57 Kאא
58 Kאאאא
59 Wאאא
59 K1–5
60 Kא2J 5
60 KEאFאא1–2J 5
64 Kא3J 5
א 121 אא
66 Kא4J 5
68 Kא5J 5
69 Kאאא6J 5
71 Kא7J 5
75 Kאא8J 5
75 Kאא9J 5
76 K
78 אאWאא
78 K1J 6
79 Kאאא2J 6
79 K אא3J 6
83 Kא4J 6
85 Kאא5J 6
86 Kא6J 6
88 Kאא7J 6
89 Kאאאא8J 6
91 Kאא9J 6
91 Kאאא1J 9J 6
93 Kאא2J 9J 6
96 Kאא3J 9J 6
98 K
101 WאWאא
101 K1J 7
102 Kאאא2J 7
102 Kא3J 7
א 121 אא
105 Kא4J 7
106 Kאא5J 7
108 Kאא6J 7
108 Kא7J 7
109 Kאא1–7J 7
110 Kאאא2J 7J 7
111 Kא1J 2J 7J 7
114 K8J 7
117 K
119 KאWאא
119 K1J 8
119 Kאאא2J 8
122 Kא3J 8
125 Kא4J 8
125 Kא1J 4J 8
126 Kא2J 4J 8
127 Kאא5J 8
127 Kאא6J 8
128 Kא7J 8
129 Kאאא8J 8
131
132 אאאאא
132 KאאאE1.9
133 KאE2.9
135 KאE3.9
א 121 אא
136 KאאE4.9
139 KאאE5.9
141 KאאE6.0
143 CNCאWאא
143 K
144 Kאא
144 Kאא
145 Kאאא
148 אא
148 Kאא
155 Kאא
159 Kאא
164 Kאאא
167 Kאא
171 Kאא
181 Kאא
190 Kאא
א 121 אא
אא
אא
9Kא1J 1
10Kאאא2J 1
11Kא3J 1
12 Kאאא4J 1
13אא5J 1
14 Kאאא6J 1
14Kאאא7J 1
31 Kא1J 3
32Kא2J 3
32Kאאא3J 3
33Kא4J 3
33Kאאאא5J 3
35K6J 3
42Kאאא7J 3
49 Kא1J 4
53Kא2J 4
59 Kא1J 5
60 Kאא2J 5
61 Kאא3J 5
62Kאאא4J 5
א 121 אא
64Kא5J 5
66Kאא6J 5
72K7J 5
73KאJ 8J 5
74K–8J 5
75Kאאא9J 5
78Kאאא1J 6
79Kאא2J 6
81KJ 3J 6
81KJ 3J 6
82KאJ 3J 6
82KJ 3J 6
83Kאא4J 6
85 Kאאא5J 6
86K6J 6
87Kאאאא7J 6
88Kאאאא8J 6
90אא9J 6
91Kא10J 6
93Kאא11J 6
94א12J 6
95 Kא13J 6
95Kאא–14J 6
96Kא–4J 6
96אא15J 6
97Kאאא16J 6
א 121 אא
101Kא1J 7
102 Kאאא2J 7
103K3J 7
104K4J 7
106 Kא5J 7
108 Kאא6J 7
110Kאאא،א7J 7
111Kאאאא8J 7
111Kאאאאא9J 7
112Kא10J 7
114 Kא11J 7
116Kאא12J 7
119Kא1J 8
120Kאא2J 8
121 Kאאא3J 8
121Kא4J 8
122 K5J 8
123Kא6J 8
124K7J 8
124Kאא8J 8
126Kא9J 8
128Kאאא10J 8
א 121 אא
אא
א א
16Kאאא1J 1
17Kאאא2J 1
25Kאאאאא1J 2
26Kאאאאא2J 2
26Kאאאאא3J 2
27Kאאאא4J 2
28Kאא5J 2
37 Kאאאאא1J 3
38Kאאאאא2J 3
39Kאאאאא3J 3
Kאאאאא4J 3
40
40 Kאאאאאא5J 3
41Kאאאאא6J 3
51 Kאאא1J 4
63Kאא1J 5
65Kא2J 5
67Kא3J 5
68Kא4J 5
69Kאא5J 5
א 121 אא
69Kאא–6J 5
70KאאJ 6J 5
71Kאא7J 5
107Kאא1J 7
128Kאא1J 8