13.

811
Advanced Structural
Dynamics and Acoustics

Acoustics
Lecture 6

13.811 ADVANCED STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS AND ACOUSTICS Lecture 6

 Point-Driven Plate Radiation
Cylindrical Coordinates

z
x

y Light Fluid Loading

r
h
θ

x
Flexural Wavenumber

Particle Velocity

13.811 ADVANCED STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS AND ACOUSTICS Lecture 6

 Point-driven Plate
Light Fluid Loading
z

r
h
θ
I = 2 π i Σ Res
x
Complex Contour Integration
Inverse Hankel Transform

Drive-point Impedance

Flexural Wave Speed

13.811 ADVANCED STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS AND ACOUSTICS Lecture 6

 Point Driven Plate
Radiated Pressure

Flexural Wave Speed

Subsonic Supersonic
Evanescent Radiating

Coincidence Frequency
Water

13.811 ADVANCED STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS AND ACOUSTICS Lecture 6

 Point-Driven Plate Radiation
Exact Formulation
Plate Equation of Motion

Fourier Transform
y

r
h
θ

Vertical Plate Displacement

kr < k: Radiation Damping

kr > k: Added Mass

Particle Plate
Vertical Velocity
Velocity

13.811 ADVANCED STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS AND ACOUSTICS Lecture 6

 Point-driven Fluid-loaded Plate
Exact Formulation
z

r
h
θ
I = 2 π i Σ Res
x
Complex Contour Integration

Inverse Hankel Transform

Flexural Wavenumber Equation

Directivity Function

13.811 ADVANCED STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS AND ACOUSTICS Lecture 6

 Point-driven Plate
Evanescent Frequency Regime
Light Fluid Loading 2 kHz Exact

13.811 ADVANCED STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS AND ACOUSTICS Lecture 6

 Point-driven Plate
Radiation Frequency Regime
Light Fluid Loading 8 kHz Exact

Radiation
Damping

13.811 ADVANCED STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS AND ACOUSTICS Lecture 6

 %
% MATLAB script for plotting the directivity function for figure(2)
% a pointdriven elastic plate nphi=361.
% dphi=2*pi/(nphi-1)
% Parameters: nth=181;
% f Frequency dth=0.5*pi/(nth-0.5);
% rho Density
% c Speed of Sound phi=[0:dphi:(nphi-1)*dphi]' * ones(1,nth);
% h Plate thickness th=([dth/2:dth:pi/2]'*ones(1,nphi))';
% E Young's modulus kx=ka*sin(th).*cos(phi);
% nu Poisson's ratio plate.m ky=ka*sin(th).*sin(phi);
% rhos Plate density kr=ka*sin(th);
clear kf= ((rhos*h+i*rho./sqrt(k^2-complex(kr,0.0).^2))*omega^2/D).^0.25;
rhos=7700; kfa=kf*a;
cp=5600;
h=0.05; ss=-rho*omega^2./(D*(2*pi)^2 *(complex(kr,0).^4 -kfa.^4));
E=rhos*cp^2;
nu=0.33; ss=dba(ss);
D= E *h^3/(12*(1-nu^2)); sm=10.0*(ceil(0.1*max((max(ss))')));
rho=1000; for i=1:size(ss,1)
c=1500; for j=1:size(ss,2)
f=8000; ss(i,j)=max(ss(i,j),sm-40.0)-(sm-40.0);
omega=2*pi*f; end
k=omega/c end
ka=k;
figure(1); xx=ss.*sin(th).*cos(phi);
hold off yy=ss.*sin(th).*sin(phi);
kxm=2*ka; zz=ss.*cos(th);
nkx=300;
dkx=2*kxm/(nkx-1); surfl(xx,yy,zz);
x=[-kxm:dkx:kxm]; colormap('copper');
y=x; shading('flat');
o=ones(1,nkx); axis('equal');
kx=x' * o; tit=['Point Driven Plate, h =' num2str(h) ', f = '
ky=(y' *o)'; num2str(omega/(2*pi)) ]
kr=abs(complex(kx,ky));
kf= ((rhos*h+i*rho./sqrt(k^2-complex(kr,0.0).^2))*omega^2/D).^0.25;
kfa=kf*a; b=title(tit);
ss=-rho*omega^2./(D*(2*pi)^2 *(complex(kr,0).^4 -kfa.^4)); set(b,'FontSize',20);
wavei(dba(ss)',x,y)
shading('flat') figure(3)
axis('equal') b=polar([pi/2-fliplr(th(1,:)) pi/2+th((nphi-1)/2+1,:)],
b=xlabel('k_x') [fliplr(ss(1,:)) ss((nphi-1)/2+1,:)]);
set(b,'FontSize',16); set(b,'LineWidth',2)
b=ylabel('k_y') b=legend(['Ref. ' num2str(sm-40.0) ' dB']);
set(b,'FontSize',16); set(b,'FontSize',14);
tit=['Point Driven Plate, h =' num2str(h) ', f = ' num2str(f)]
b=title(tit); tit=['Point Driven Plate, h =' num2str(h) ', f = '
set(b,'FontSize',20); num2str(omega/(2*pi)) ]
nphi=361; b=title(tit);
dphi=2*pi/(nphi-1); set(b,'FontSize',20);
phi=[0:dphi:2*pi];
xx=k*a*cos(phi);
yy=k*a*sin(phi);
13.811
hold on ADVANCED STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS AND ACOUSTICS Lecture 6
b=plot(xx,yy,'b');
t(b 'Li Width' 3)
 Simply-supported Elastic Plate
Homogeneous Equation of Motion
z

Ly

Lx y Moments

Boundary Conditions

13.811 ADVANCED STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS AND ACOUSTICS Lecture 6

 Point-driven Rectangular Elastic Plate
Normal Modes
z

Solutions for

Orthogonality Relation
Ly

(x0 ,y0 ) Dispersion Relation

Lx y Moments
Light Fluid Loading
x F
x

Homogeneous Equation of Motion

Boundary Conditions

Normal Mode Solution

Transfer Mobility

13.811 ADVANCED STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS AND ACOUSTICS Lecture 6

 Normal Modes of Simply-supported
Elastic Plate

Image
Image removed
removed due
due to
to copyright
copyright considerations.
considerations.
See
See Figure
Figure 2.26
2.26 in
in Williams,
Williams, E.
E. G.
G. Fourier
Fourier Acoustics.
Acoustics.
London:
London: Academic
Academic Press,
Press, 1999
1999

13.811 ADVANCED STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS AND ACOUSTICS Lecture 6

 Radiation from Point-driven
z
Elastic Plate

Ly

(x0 ,y0 )
Lx y

x F

Fourier Transforms

Directivity Function

13.811 ADVANCED STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS AND ACOUSTICS Lecture 6

 Radiation Efficiency
z
Low-order Modes – Square Plate

Ly

(x0 ,y0 )
Lx y
Image
Image removed
removed due
due toto copyright
copyright considerations.
considerations.
x F See
See Figure
Figure 2.27
2.27 in
in [Williams].
[Williams].

Radiation Efficiency

RMS Velocity

Mode m,n

k/k f
13.811 ADVANCED STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS AND ACOUSTICS Lecture 6
 Radiation Efficiency
z
High-order Modes – Square Plate

Ly

(x0 ,y0 )
Lx y
Image
Image removed
removed due
due toto copyright
copyright considerations.
considerations.
x F See
See Figure
Figure 2.28
2.28 in
in [Williams].
[Williams].

Radiation Efficiency

RMS Velocity

Mode m,n

k/k f
13.811 ADVANCED STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS AND ACOUSTICS Lecture 6
 Rectangular Elastic Plate Radiation
Mode Types

13.811 ADVANCED STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS AND ACOUSTICS Lecture 6

 Rectangular Elastic Plate Radiation
Mode Excitation

Image
Image removed
removed due
due to
to copyright
copyright considerations.
considerations.
See Figure 2.34 in [Williams].
See Figure 2.34 in [Williams].

13.811 ADVANCED STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS AND ACOUSTICS Lecture 6

 Rectangular Elastic Plate Radiation
Supersonic Intensity
M,n = 11,9 – kL/2 = 1 – k/kf =0.27
Radiating Spectrum
Evanescent k z Real
Spectrum Image
Image removed
removed due
due to
to copyright
copyright considerations.
considerations.
See Figure 2.37 in [Williams].
See Figure 2.37 in [Williams].
k z Imaginary

Supersonic Intensity

Image
Image removed
removed due
due toto copyright
copyright considerations.
considerations.
See
See Figure
Figure 2.38
2.38 in
in [Williams].
[Williams].

Supersonic Intensity

Normal Acoustic Intensity

Image
Image removed
removed due
due to
to copyright
copyright considerations.
considerations.
See Figure 2.39 in [Williams].
See Figure 2.39 in [Williams].

13.811 ADVANCED STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS AND ACOUSTICS Lecture 6