3- Double Rod Cylinder

This is a cylinder with a single piston and a single piston rod

extending from each side. Double rod cylinder are used when exact quality
of forces and speed are needed independent of direction of travel also used
where several rods are connected to one cylinder.

4- Plunger Cylinder
There are also called ram cylinders, and refers to cylinders with the piston
having the same cross – sectional area as the piston rod.

5- Telescoping cylinders
This is a cylinders with nested multiple tubular rod sequments which
provide along working stroke in a short retracted envelope. There are single
or double acting.
The Effect of The Connecting Rod Diameter
On motion in single rod cylinder, if a single rod cylinder is double acting, the
effective area on either side of the piston are unequal.

i.e. if we assume the following data

Diameter of the piston = 20 cm, Diameter of the rod = 14 cm, Ap= 00314 m2
,Ae = 00154 m2

The net area of the head end a= Ap-Ac=0.016m2,

If the flow rate q=70*10-4 m3/s

Qc = Ap×Vc → Vc=70*10 -4/0.0314 = 0.22m/s, and

Qh = a×Vh → Vh=70*10-4 /0.016=0.437 m/s

Where h mean the head end and c the cap end

In general the speed of the piston is constant in both direction so that to

this a regenerative circuit is introduced to solve this we do the following:-

Qc/A=Qh/a
Qh

Head end
Qc

Cup end

Qp
In this case the flow entering the cap end is

Qc=Qp+Qh → Qp+(Qc×a/Ap)

Qc=Qp×Ap/(Ap-a)= 70×10-4×(0.0314/0.0314-0.016)= 142×10-4 m2/sec

This means that the flow rate (Q) at the cup end about twice that at the
head end to get an equal velocity in both side.