MULTIPURPOSE SMART GLOVE

A Personal Assistant For Differently Abled

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of B.Tech. in
Electronics and Communication Engineering.

By:
Sumit Maurya (1692731151)
Surmita Jaiswal (1602731155)
Tanya Garg (1602731158)
Tushar Chaudhary (1602731163)

Under the supervision of

Asst. Prof. Mr Naveen Kumar

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

Ajay Kumar Garg Engineering College, Ghaziabad

th
27 Km Stone, Delhi-Hapur Bypass Road, Adhyatmik Nagar, Ghaziabad-201009

DR. APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow

May 2020
 DECLARATION

We hereby declare that this submission is our own work and that, to the best of our
knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by
another person, nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the
award of any other degree or diploma by the university or other institute of higher
learning, except where due acknowledgement has been made in the text.

Signature: Signature:
Sumit Maurya Surmita Jaiswal
Roll No:1602731151 Roll No: 1602731155

Signature: Signature:
Tanya Garg Tushar Chaudhary
Roll No:1602731158 Roll No: 1602731163

ii
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Project Report entitled “MULTIPURPOSE SMART GLOVE- A

Personal Assistant For Differently Abled” which is submitted by Sumit Maurya,
Surmita Jaiswal, Tanya Garg, Tushar Chaudhary in the partial fulfillment of
requirement for the award of degree of Bachelor of Technology (Electronics and
Communication Engineering) submitted to Dr, A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical
University, Lucknow is a record of students’ own work carried out under my
supervision. The matter in this report has not been submitted to any University or
Institution for award of any degree.

Supervisor:
Asst. Prof. Mr Naveen
ECE Department

HoD:
Prof. P.K. Chopra

Date:
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We take this opportunity to express our deep sense of gratitude and regard to Mr.
Naveen Kumar, Asst. Prof. (ECE Dept.), Ajay Kumar Garg Engineering College,
Ghaziabad for his continuous encouragement and able guidance, we needed to
complete this project..
We would pay our sincere gratitude to the Head of the Dept. (ECE & EI), Prof. P.K.
Chopra for his precious and enlightening words of wisdom which motivated us
throughout our project work.
 ABSTRACT

In our country around 2.78% of peoples are not able to speak. Some of them are
differently abled and unable to walk. Their communications with others are only
using the motion of their hands and expressions. And there is another class who is
unable to perform even the basic daily activities on their own. Supporting this
social cause, we have proposed a new device called Smart Assistant for the
Differently abled people. It will be very helpful to them for conveying their
thoughts to others. Some peoples are easily able to get the information from their
motions. Along with it the device will also assist in performing basic functions for
which they would require external help. The remaining are not able to understand
their way of conveying the message. In order to overcome the complexity, the
Smart Assistant is introduced for the dumb peoples. Along with it there will be
added home automation feature that will enable the person to perform some basic
operations such as operating lights of the room or fans, this system is based on the
motion sensor. According to device for every motion they have a meaning. That
message is kept in a database. Likewise, all templates are kept in the database. In
the real time the template database is fed into a microcontroller and the motion
sensor is fixed in their hand. For every action the motion sensors get accelerated
and give the signal to the microcontroller. The microcontroller matches the motion
with the database. The mode will be selected for automation feature or the artificial
mouth, according to the mode selected the device produces the speech signal or
perform the home automation activity. The output of the system is using the
speaker. By properly updating the database the dumb will speak like a normal
person using the artificial mouth. And perform various activities on their own,
without requiring any external help.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Declaration ii
Certificate iii
Acknowledgement iv
List of figures ix

Chapter 1. Introduction 1-2

1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Project Idea 2

Chapter 2. Working of the Project 3-5

2.1 Working Principle 3
2.2 Block Diagram Description 4
2.2.1 Transmitter Section 4
2.2.2 Receiver Section 5

Chapter 3. Project Architecture 6-10

3.1 Accelerometer Module 6
3.2 The Flex Sensor Module 7
3.3 Arduino UNO Processing Module 7
3.4 Android Smart Phone Module 8
3.5 Automation Function Module 9

Chapter 4. Circuit Diagram 11-12

4.1 Circuit Diagram For Transmitter Section 11
4.2 Circuit Diagram For Receiver Section 12

Chapter 5. Hardware Specifications 13-36

5.1 RF Transmitter and receiver module 13
5.1.1 Circuit Diagram 14
 5.1.2 Component Description 15
5.1.3 Working 15

5.2 Flex Sensors

5.2.1 Description 16
5.2.2 Types Of Flex Sensors 16
5.2.3 Working Principle 17
5.2.4 Specifications and Features 18

5.3 Acceleerometer
5.3.1 Description 18
5.3.2 How accelerometer works? 19
5.3.3 Hardware Overview of ADXL335 Accelerometer 20
5.3.4 ADXL335 Accelerometer Pinout 21
5.3.5 Wiring ADXL335 to Arduino UNO 22
5.3.6 ADXL335 Self Test Feature 23

5.4 Bluetooth HC-05 23

5.4.1 Hardware Features 25
5.4.2 PIN Description 26
5.4.3 Modes of Operation 27
5.4.4 Interfacing with Arduino UNO 28
5.4.5 Communication between HC05 and ANDROID 28

5.5 Arduino UNO 29

5.5.1 Technical Specifications 30
5.5.2 PIN Diagram 31
5.5.3 Communication Process 32

5.6 Arduino NANO 33

5.6.1 Technical Specifications 34
5.6.2 PIN Diagram 35
5.6.3 Communication Process 36
Chapter 6. Software Specifications 37-38
6.1 Arduino IDE Software 37
6.2 ImageFromTextBT Text to Speech Software 38

Chapter 7. Program Code 39-45

7.1 Code for Transmitter section 39
7.2 Code for Reciever section 42

Chapter 8. Merits & Demerits 46

6.1 Merits 46
6.2 Demerits 46

Chapter 9. Future Scope 47

References 48
 LIST OF TABLES & FIGURES
Table 5.1 Specifications of ADXL335 21
Table 5.2 Specifications of Arduino NANO 35

Fig 2.1 Basic Flow Diagram 3

Fig 2.2 block diagram for transmitter section 4
Fig 2.3 Gesture vocalizer through Bluetooth module 5
Fig 2.4 Mode 2- Home automation (Reciever Section) 5
Fig 3.1 Accelerometer Module 6
Fig 3.2 Flex Sensor Module 7
Fig 3.3 Arduino UNO Processing Module 8
Fig 3.4 Android Smart Phone Module 9
Fig 3.5 Automation Function Module 10
Fig 5.1 PIN Diagram of RF module 13
Fig 5.2 RF Transmitter circuit 14
Fig 5.3 RF receiver circuit 14
Fig 5.4 Flex Sensors 16
Fig 5.6 Working of Flex Sensor 17
Fig 5.7 Accelerometer ADXL335 18
Fig 5.8 Hardware Overview of Accelerometer 20
Fig 5.9 PIN Diagram of Accelerometer 21
Fig 5.10 Wiring Accelerometer with Arduino 22
Fig 5.11 Self-Test pin Accelerometer 23
Fig 5.12 HC-05 Bluetooth Module 24
Fig 5.13 Hardware Overview of HC-05 25
Fig 5.14 PINOUT for HC-05 26
Fig 5.15 Interface between HCO5 and Arduino 28
Fig 5.16 Pairing between mobile application and HC05 28
Fig 5.17 Arduino UNO PIN Description 31
Fig 5.18 Arduino NANO Board 33
Fig 5.19 Aurduino Nano Pinout 35
Fig 6.1 ARDUINO IDE Software 37
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION

The project Multi-Purpose smart glove is a gesture based project for social purpose. In
general it is really very difficult for physically disabled and deaf people to
communicate with other people and convey their messages, due to barrier of speech as
well as movability.
The Multipurpose Glove will be useful helpful for mute as well as the physically
disabled ones. The deaf and mute deaf people make use of hand gestures and it is
difficult for other people to understand their sign language. The gesture based
vocalizer which will detect all the gestures of mute people and convert it into voice
and also can display it on screen . The physically disabled can easily communicate .
Along with the vocalizer the glove also has automated home appliances features. It
will assist physically challenged people and allow them to control devices around
them. The project includes a glove which is wirelessly connected to various day to
day appliances such as lights, fan etc.
The inability of the differently abled dumb and physically disabled person to
communicate and perform their day to day activities put them at disadvantage and
hearing person poses to be an important disadvantage. This creates an extremely little
house for them with communication being associate degree elementary aspect of
human life.
The physically disabled community on the other hand requires help for even their
basic activities and require permanent assistance. They may be unable to walk and
people around them may find themselves bound to them and may treat them
differently.
The Multipurpose smart Glove will not only help them to be self-dependent but will
also ease their lives to a great extent when developed with smartest technology.

1
1.2 PROJECT IDEA

With the initiative of a smart device that would not provide them with an artificial
mouth, they would also be able to perform their daily activities. This would ensure
that dumb and deaf people will be treated equally.
Our project Multipurpose Smart Hand Glove, will translate sign language to voice
along with various other features. Special helpers are needed by them such cases. It
can be quite frustrating for them to constantly depend on someone for conveying their
thoughts and perform their basic functions. These People are treated differently. Thus,
creating a gap between normal people and them.
This device will work on the principle of the Gesture Recognition technique and work
in 2 modes. The first mode will act as the artificial mouth function and the second
mode will be have the home automation feature.
The communication is achieved through generally available RF module and Bluetooth
module. The Transmitter module is used wherein one of them attached to gloves
which acts as transmitter and the other is attached at the receiver end such as
appliance. Thus, an attempt made to help people to use appliance at their convenience.
The vocalizer on the other hand is given a Bluetooth module, which is present on the
glove as transmitter. The receiver Bluetooth module is utilized from mobile
applications which contains a pre-defined data. The instructions given by transmitter
controls the output on the mobile applications.
This will help them better communicate with rest of the world without changing how
they already interact with each other. It will also help them to perform some basic
household activities. There will be another safety feature to help them at time of
emergency which send the emergency notification to specific contacts.
Thus, it will be an all in one assistant for the less privileged ones.
 CHAPTER 2
WORKING OF THE PROJECT

2.1 WORKING PRINCIPLE

Fig 2.1 Flow Diagram

The device is based on the Gesture recognition technique by the use of flexes on a
smart hand glove. The above flow diagram shows the working principle of the Smart
Assistant device. This device will work on the principle of the Gesture Recognition
technique and work in 2 modes. The first mode will act as the artificial mouth
function and the second mode will be have the home automation features.
The communication is achieved through generally available RF module and Bluetooth
module. The Transmitter module is used wherein one of them attached to gloves
which acts as transmitter and the other is attached at the receiver end such as
appliance. Thus an attempt made to help people to use appliance at their convenience.
The vocalizer on
the other hand is given a Bluetooth module ,which is present on the glove as
transmitter. The receiver Bluetooth module is utilized from mobile applications which
contains a pre-defined data. The instructions given by transmitter controls the output
on the mobile applications.
The modes are achieved through the use of Flex Sensor. We have used a single Flex
sensor. The flex sensor is assigned a certain value. The value of sensor changes as the
flex sensor is turned. The flex is present on the finger and as we fold the finger its
value changes. After the certain value, the device enters in automation mode. Before
attaining the control voltage, it works as a vocalizer.
The glove contains an accelerometer, which works on 6 directions, we can have
different commands for each movement. The accelerometer basically is the main
module that senses the motion. The values recorded by accelerometer are used to
control the transmitter section using Arduino UNO. In vocalizer mode the Bluetooth
(HC-05) is used. It sends the value to receiver side, which in this case is a mobile
phone android application which uses Bluetooth module to convert the data of sent
values into speech as well as text. The work of conversion is performed by the
application itself. The second mode, which is for home automation, uses RF
transmitter receiver module to control the applications. According to the values
received by accelerometer a particular data is activated on the transmitter and is sent
to the receiver . the receiver is connected to relays which are operated on the
command of receiver. And the particular operation of room is controlled.

2.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION

2.2.1 Transmitter Section

M 1-RF TRANSMITTER M2-

BLUETOOTH(HC-05)

Accelerometer Reading

Fig 2.2 Block Diagram for Transmitter Section

 The above block diagram shows that as per the input received from the flex sensor,
the output function of the module is decided. It can either give the voice output or
send an emergency text to the provided contacts or can function as a transmitter.

2.2.2 Receiver Section

The receiver section operates in 2 modes. The first mode is gesture vocalizer that is
basically used for converting the gestures to speech . the operation is carried out
Bluetooth module attached on the glove module.

TEXT TO
SPEECH
DATA SENT FROM MOBILE PHONE BLUETOOTH COVERSION
TRANSMITTER THROUGH RECIEVER
BLUETOOTH HC05

FIG 2.3 (MODE 1) Gesture Vocalizer through Bluetooth module

The second mode is for home automation. It is operated through RF transmitter and
receiver. The RF receiver uses ARDUINONano to transmit data and control the
appliances such as fans, lights, lamps etc.

HOME APPLIANCES

Fig 2.4 Block Diagram for Receiver Section(MODE 2 -HOME AUTOMATION)

 CHAPTER 3
PROJECT ARCHITECTURE

The project has been divided been divided into 5 modules. The modules are divided on
the basis of the functions performed by different components and the overall value
they add to the project.
The 5 modules are:
1. Accelerometer module
2. Flex finger sensor module
3. Arduino nano and processing module
4. Android smart phone module
5. Automation function module(using Arduino NANO)

3.1 ACCELEROMETER MODULE

ARDUINO

HAND MOVEMENT FOR OBTAING

VALUES OF RAW,PITCH AND YAW

Fig 3.1 Accelerometer Module

In this module data from accelerometer is captured in order to measure the angle
made by hand with respect to earth. The acceleramter is set to work in 6 directions.
And data according to these directions is collected and sent to Audrino UNO for
further processing.
3.2 THE FLEX SENSOR MODULE

INDEX FINGER
READING FROM
THE GLOVE

ARDUINO UNO (MODE

SELECTION)

Fig 3.2 All Flex Sensor Module

In this module data from flex sensor placed INDEX FINGER is captured due to
bending of finger. According to Ohm's Law V=IR as resistance changes there is
change in voltage. Hence this change in voltage is given as an analog signal to
Arduino UNO for further processing. The mode of thesmart glove is selected based on
this value.
On bending the finger, the valus of X,Y,Z crosses the control value and enters the
second mode. A LED is placed in Arduino to detect the mode change.

3.3 ARDUINO UNO PROCESSING MODULE

In this module data from flex sensors, and accelerometer is given to Arduino. Arduino
will process the data and based on the information given by the flex sensor and the
accelerometer. Based on the flex sensor value it will select the mode. The mode 1 is by
default which is for the vocalizer. The mode is selected when the index finger is bent.
The Arduino thus controls the operation to be done on Bluetooth of the RF transmitter.
The data sent to it by the accelerometer is responsible for the operation. Th values of
the accelerometer are used to store certain values, This data is transmitted to the
receivers side. The receiver side thus receives the sent data and operates accordingly

MODULE 3

ACCELEROMETER FLEX SENSOR

READING READING
(APPLICATION (MODE SELECTION)
SELECTION)

ARDUINO UNO

BLUETOOTH HC05
(M1- VOCALIZER)

RF
TRANSMITTER
(M2- HOME
AUTOMATION)

Fig 3.3 Arduino UNO Processing Module

3.4 ANDROID SMART PHONE MODULE

In this module the data from receiver is received via Bluetooth. We have used
ImageFromTextBT mobile ANDROID application , which is a text to speech
convertor app and convert the gestures to speech. The application contains pre-
defined operations for each data. The android app provides six text word, along with
the images and speech. We have utilized 4 of its operations. The app can be used to
pronounce the help words as “WATER”, “HELP”, “FOOD” and “MEDICINE”.
Advanced speeches can also be used using more advanced applications.
MODULE 4
DATA SENT VIA BLUETOOTH
MODULE HC05 (Arduino Uno )

ANDROID APPLICATION IMAGE TO TEXT

RECEIVE DATA VIA BLUETOOTH
(MOBILE PHONE)

RECOGNIZE DATA AND PLAY SOUND

Fig 3.4 Android Smart Phone Module

3.5 AUTOMATION FUNCTION MODULE

This feature of the smart glove will help the person to operate basic features such as
switching on Bulbs, operating fans, switching on tv or some other home automation
features using RF sensors.
When we operate on the Mode 2 of the finger sensor, the finger input will send the
data to RF transmitter which will be received by RF receiver which will be used to
operate
the fans and light bulbs using Arduino Nano. The Nano will convert the data received
in parallel by receiver to operate the relays and thus control appliances.

MODULE 5

DATA TRANMITTED VIA RF

TRANSMITTER (TRANSMITTER
SECTION)

DATA RECEIVED VIA RF RECIEVER

(RECIEVER SECTION)

ARDUINONANO
(DATA PROCESSING)

CONTROLLING HOME APPLIANCES

Fig 3.5 Automation Function Module

 CHAPTER 4
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

4.1 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR TRAMSMITTER SECTION

4.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR RECIEVER SECTION
 CHAPTER 5
HARDWARE DESCRIPTION

5.1 RF TRANSMITTER AND RECIEVER MODULE

In general, the wireless systems designer has two overriding constraints: it must
operate over a certain distance and transfer a certain amount of information within a
data rate. The RF modules are very small in dimension and have a wide operating
voltage range i.e. 3V to 12V.Basically the RF modules are 433 MHz RF transmitter
and receiver modules. The transmitter draws no power when transmitting logic zero
while fully suppressing the carrier frequency thus consume significantly low power in
battery operation. When logic one is sent carrier is fully on to about 4.5mA with a
3volts power supply. The data is sent serially from the transmitter which is received
by the tuned receiver. Transmitter and the receiver are duly interfaced to two
microcontrollers for data transfer. Communication over Radio Frequency has many
advantages as it doesn’t require a line of sight connection between the transmitter and
receiver as in case of Infrared communication. The range of RF communication is
very high when compared to IR communication. In this project, a wireless transmitter
and receiver system using RF receiver and transmitter module

Fig 5.1 Pin Diagram of RF Transmitter and Receiver

5.1.1 Circuit Diagram

The circuit is divided into transmitter and receiver sections. The transmitter section
consists of an RF Transmitter, HT12E encoder IC and four push buttons. The receiver
section consists of RF Receiver, HT12D Decoder IC and four LEDs. An extra LED is
connected to VT (Valid Transmission) pin of the decoder IC. This is used to indicate a
successful transmission of data. A 750 KΩ resistor is connected between the oscillator
terminals of encoder IC. This is to enable the oscillator. Similarly, a 33 KΩ resistor is
connected between the oscillator pins

RF Transmitter Circuit:

FIG 5.2 RF Transmitter Circuit

RF Receiver
Circuit:

Fig 5.3 RF Receiver Circuit

5.1.2 Component Description

RF Transmitter and Receiver Modules: The wireless communication between

transmitter and receiver sections is achieved using RF modules. A 433 MHz
transmitter and receiver pair are used in this project.

HT12E
It is an encoder IC that converts the 4-bit parallel data from the 4 data pins into serial
data in order to transmit over RF link using transmitter.

HT12D
It is a decoder IC that converts the serial data received by the RF Receiver into 4-bit
parallel data and drives the LEDs accordingly.

5.1.3 WORKING

The aim of this project is to implement a wireless transmitter and receiver using RF
modules. It uses radio signals to transmit the data. The working of the project is as
follows.

The transmitter and receiver sections are placed at a distance of at least 20 meters. In
order to show the working of wireless communication between transmitter and
receiver, 4 LEDs at receiver side are controlled by 4 buttons at transmitter section.

The HT12E encoder IC converts the 4-bit data from the 4 data pins that are connected
to buttons into serial data. This serial data is sent to RF transmitter. The RF
transmitter transmits this serial data using radio signals.

At the receiver side, the RF receiver receives the serial data. This serial data is sent to
HT12D decoder IC which converts into 4 bit parallel data.

The 4 data pins of decoder are connected to LEDs. According to the buttons pushed,
the LEDs can be turned ON or OFF.
5.2 FLEX SENSORS
5.2.1 What is a Flex Sensor?
A flex sensor is a kind of sensor which is used to measure the amount of defection
otherwise bending. The designing of this sensor can be done by using materials like
plastic and carbon. The carbon surface is arranged on a plastic strip as this strip is
turned aside then the sensor’s resistance will be changed. Thus, it is also named a
bend sensor. As its varying resistance can be directly proportional to the quantity of
turn thus it can also be employed like a goniometer.

Fig 5.4 Flex-sensors

5.2.2 Types of Flex Sensor

These sensors are classified into two types based on its size namely 2.2-inch flex
sensor & 4.5-inch flex sensor. The size, as well as the resistance of these sensors, is
dissimilar except the working principle.
Therefore the suitable size can be preferred based on the necessity. Here this article
discusses an overview of 2.2-inch flex-sensor. This type of sensor is used in various
applications like computer interface, rehabilitation, servo motor control, security
system, music interface, intensity control, and wherever the consumer needs to
modify the resistance throughout bending.
5.2.3 Working Principle

This sensor works on the bending strip principle which means whenever the strip is
twisted then its resistance will be changed. This can be measured with the help of any
controller.
This sensor works similar to a variable resistance because when it twists then the
resistance will be changed. The resistance change can depend on the linearity of the
surface because the resistance will be dissimilar when it is level.
When the sensor is twisted 450 then the resistance would be dissimilar. Similarly,
when this senor is twisted to 900 then the resistance would be dissimilar. These three
are the flex sensor’s bending conditions.
According to these three cases, the resistance will be normal in the first case, the
resistance will be double as contrasted with the first case, and the resistance will be
four-time when compared with the first case. So the resistance will be increased when
the angle is increased.

FIG 5.6 Working of Flex Sensor

5.2.4Specifications & Features

The specifications and features of this sensor include the following.

 Operating voltage of this sensor ranges from 0V to 5V
 It can function on low-voltages.
 Power rating is 1 Watt for peak & 0.5Watt for continuous.
 Operating temperature ranges from -45ºC to +80ºC
 Flat resistance is 25K Ω
 The tolerance of resistance will be ±30%
 The range of bend resistance will range from45K -125K Ohms

In this device the hand gestures are recognized using flex sensor. These sensors are
attached to the gloves. Flex sensors are similar to potentiometer, i.e. variable resistor.
The resistance of the sensor varies according to the amount of its bending, which
intern depends on the movement of finger. In order to precisely measure the bending
flex sensor are used. The flex sensors have an average flat resistance about 10k ohms.
When the sensors are bent the resistance offered by them increases.

5.3 ACCELEROMETER

Fig 5.7 Accelerometer ADXL335

An accelerometer is an electromechanical device used to measure acceleration forces.
Such forces may be static, like the continuous force of gravity or, as is the case with
many mobile devices, dynamic to sense movement or vibrations. Acceleration is the
measurement of the change in velocity, or speed divided by time.
5.3.1 HOW ACCELEROMETER WORKS?
To know how accelerometers work, it is often useful to imagine a ball inside a 3D cube.

Suppose, the cube is in outer-space where everything is in weightless state, the ball
will simply float in the middle of the cube.
Now let’s imagine each wall represents particular axis.
If we suddenly move the box to the left with acceleration 1g(A single G-force 1g is
equivalent to gravitational acceleration 9.8 m/s2), no doubt the ball will hit the wall
X. If we measure the force that the ball applies to the wall X, we can get an output
value of 1g on the X axis.

Let’s see what happens if we put that cube on Earth. The ball will simply fall on the
wall Z and will apply a force of 1g, as shown in the picture below:
In this case the box isn’t moving but we still get a reading of 1g on the Z axis. This is
because the gravitational force is pulling the ball down with force 1g.
The accelerometer measures the static acceleration of gravity in tilt-sensing
applications as well as dynamic acceleration resulting from motion, shock, or
vibration.

5.3.3 Hardware Overview of ADXL335 Accelerometer

At the heart of the module is a small, low power triple axis MEMS accelerometer
from Analog Devices with extremely low noise – ADXL335. The sensor has a full
sensing range of ±3 g. It can measure the static acceleration due to gravity in tilt-
sensing applications, as well as dynamic acceleration resulting from motion, shock, or
vibration.
Fig 5.8 Accelerometer hardware overview
The sensor works on power between 1.8V to 3.6VDC (3.3V optimal), and typically
consumes just 350µA of current. However, an on-board 3.3V regulator makes it a
perfect choice for interfacing with 5V microcontrollers such as the Arduino.
This breadboard friendly board breaks out every pin of the ADXL335 to a 6-pin, 0.1″
pitch header. This includes 3 analog outputs for X, Y and Z axis measurements, 2
supply pins and a self-test pin which allows you to check the functioning of the sensor
in the final application.
The analog outputs are Ratiometric, meaning 0g measurement output is nominally
equal to half of the 3.3V supply voltage (1.65V), -3g is at 0v and 3g is at 3.3V with
full scaling in between.

Table 5.1 Complete Specifications Of ADXL335 Accelerometer IC.

Operating Voltage 1.8V – 3.6V
Operating Current 350μA (typical)
Sensing Range ±3g (Full Scale)
Temperature Range −40 to +85°C
Sensing axis 3 axis
Sensitivity 270 to 330mV/g (Ratiometric)
Shock Resistance Up to 10,000g
Dimension 4mm x 4mm x 1.45mm

5.3.4 ADXL335 Accelerometer Pinout

Before diving into hookup and example code, let’s first take a look at its Pinout.

Fig 5.9 Pin diagram of Accelerometer

VCC pin provides power for the accelerometer which can be connected to 5V on the
Arduino.
X-Out pin outputs analog voltage proportional to acceleration exerted on X axis.
Y-Out pin outputs analog voltage proportional to acceleration exerted on Y axis.
Z-Out pin outputs analog voltage proportional to acceleration exerted on Z axis.
GND pin is connected to GND on Arduino
ST(Self-Test) pin controls the self-test feature. This feature is discussed in detail at
the end.

5.3.5 Wiring ADXL335 Accelerometer to Arduino UNO

Now that we have a complete understanding of how ADXL335 accelerometer

works, we can begin hooking it up to our Arduino.

Connections are pretty easy. Start by placing the accelerometer on to your breadboard.
Connect VCC pin to the 5V pin on the Arduino and connect GND pin to the Ground
pin on the Arduino. Also connect X, Y and Z output to the analog pins A0, A1 and A2
on Arduino.

For accurate results, we need to change the analog reference(AREF) voltage of the
Arduino. This can be done by connecting the 3.3V pin on Arduino to the AREF pin.

When you’re done you should have something that looks similar to the illustration
shown below.

Fig 5.10 Wiring ADXL335 Accelerometer Module to Arduino UNO

5.3.6 ADXL335 SELF TEST FEATURE

The ADXL335 Accelerometer has a self-test feature which allows you to check the
functioning of the sensor in the final application.

Fig 5.11 ST(self-test) pin on the module controls this feature.

When ST pin is connected to 3.3V, an electrostatic force is exerted on the

accelerometer beam internally. The resulting movement of the beam allows the user
to test if the accelerometer is functional.

The typical change in output is

−1.08 g (−325 mV) on the X-axis

+1.08 g (+325 mV) on the Y-axis

+1.83 g (+550 mV) on the Z-axis

This ST pin can be left open-circuit or connected to GND in normal use.

5.4 BLUETOOTH HC-05

HC-05 Bluetooth Module is an easy to use Bluetooth SPP (Serial Port Protocol)
module, designed for transparent wireless serial connection setup. Its communication
is via serial communication which makes an easy way to interface with controller or
PC. HC-05 Bluetooth module provides switching mode between master and slave
mode which means it able to use neither receiving nor transmitting data.
Specification:
  Model: HC-05
 Input Voltage: DC 5V
 Communication Method: Serial Communication
 Master and slave mode can be switched

HC‐05 module is an easy to use Bluetooth SPP (Serial Port Protocol) module,
designed for transparent wireless serial connection setup. The HC-05 Bluetooth
Module can be used in a Master or Slave configuration, making it a great solution for
wireless communication. This serial port Bluetooth module is fully qualified
Bluetooth V2.0+EDR (Enhanced Data Rate) 3Mbps Modulation with complete
2.4GHz radio
transceiver and baseband. It uses CSR Bluecore 04‐External single chip Bluetooth

system with CMOS technology and with AFH (Adaptive Frequency Hopping Feature)

Fig 5.12 HC-05 Bluetooth Module

The Bluetooth module HC-05 is a MASTER/SLAVE module. By default the factory

setting is SLAVE. The Role of the module (Master or Slave) can be configured only
by AT COMMANDS .The slave modules cannot initiate a connection to another
Bluetooth device, but can accept connections. Master module can initiate a connection
to other devices. The user can use it simply for a serial port replacement to establish
connection between MCU and GPS, PC to your embedded project, etc.
5.4.1 HARDWARE FEATURES

Fig 5.13 Hardware overview of Bluetooth HC-05

 Typical ‐80dBm sensitivity.

 Up to +4dBm RF transmit power.
 3.3 to 5 V I/O.
 PIO(Programmable Input/Output) control.
 UART interface with programmable baud rate.
 With integrated antenna.
 With edge connector.
 Software Features
 Slave default Baud rate: 9600, Data bits:8, Stop bit:1,Parity:No parity.
 Auto‐connect to the last device on power as default.
 Permit pairing device to connect as default.
 Auto‐pairing PINCODE:”1234” as default.
5.4.2 PIN DESCRIPTION

The HC-05 Bluetooth Module has 6 pins. They are as follows:

Fig 5.14 Pinout diagram for HC05

ENABLE:
When enable is pulled LOW, the module is disabled which means the module will not
turn on and it fails to communicate. When enable is left open or connected to 3.3V,
the module is enabled i.e. the module remains on and communication also takes place.

VCC: Supply Voltage 3.3V to 5V

GND: Ground pin
TXD & RXD: These two pins acts as an UART interface for communication

STATE:
It acts as a status indicator. When the module is not connected to / paired with any
other Bluetooth device, signal goes Low. At this low state, the led flashes
continuously which denotes that the module is not paired with another device. When
this module is connected to/paired with any other Bluetooth device, the signal
goes High. At this high state, the led blinks with a constant delay say for example 2s
delay which indicates that the module is paired

BUTTON SWITCH:
This is used to switch the module into AT command mode. To enable AT command
mode, press the button switch for a second. With the help of AT commands, the user
can change the parameters of this module but only when the module is not paired with
any other BT device. If the module is connected to any other Bluetooth device, it
starts to communicate with that device and fails to work in AT command mode.

5.4.2 MODES OF OPERATION

This Module has two types of operation modes which are following

 AT Command Mode
 Connection Mode

AT Command Mode

The AT command mode is a module whenever the set of commands is used for the
setup and configure the module. In this mode, the modules are not identified by the
other Bluetooth devices. This type of mode will take the pin to high and the
commands are sent to the module serially like string. The string should be in the
capital letters and every command should be ended by the ‘rn’. If the command is
known by the module then the module will reply with the string which contains the
‘OK’. If the command is unknown by the module will reply with the string which
contains ERROR ( ). The error determines the type of error and a specific code.

Connection Mode

The connection mode is the device which can connect directly to the other device. We
can identify this device on other devices and it can connect with the help of the
passkey which should be entered and the passkey is a default which is ‘1234’. In the
connection mode, we cannot change configuration serially but we can only
communicate with it. In this case, the pin is Not Connected.
5.4.3 BLUETOOTH MODULE INTERFACING WITH THE MICROCONTROLLER

To enable Bluetooth communication the Bluetooth module is used widely. This

module is interfaced with the 8051 microcontrollers by using the UART and the data
is transmitted in the form of packets. The path for the data transmission and reception
is formed by using the pins of Tx and Rx of HC 05 Bluetooth module. The Tx pin of
HC 05 Bluetooth module should be connected to the Rx pin of the microcontroller.
The Rx pin of HC 05 is connected to the pin of the Tx pin of the 8051
microcontrollers. To pairing the module with our device the key pin of the module is
used.

Fig 5.15 Interface between HC05 and Arduino uno

5.4.4 COMMUNICATION BETWEEN HC05 AND ANDROID

The Bluetooth terminal applications should be present in our devices like mobile &
PC to communicate with the microcontroller with the help of Bluetooth. We have no.
of apps which are present on the internet for the different types of like OS, Android,
Windows, Mac, and other programming devices.Wehave used ImageTo TextBT app
for the connection.
 Fig 5.16 Pairing between mobile application and HC05 Bluetooth module

The applications are urbanized in a way to send the characters to your device,
Bluetooth which should be received by the Bluetooth module is connected to the
microcontroller. Even though dome of the apps is offered interactive GUI buttons
which transmit the specific characters by pressing the each button. Later on, the
received characters are a process in our code and the controller carries out the tasks
based on the received character. The Bluetooth communication can be used in two
ways the first way is it can be used for receiving data from the controller and the
second one is controlling the system using our device Bluetooth.

5.5 ARDUINO UNO (ATMEGA328P)

The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328. It has 20
digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs and 6 can be
used as analog inputs), a 16 MHz resonator, a USB connection, a power jack, an
in- circuit system programming (ICSP) header, and a reset button. It contains
everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer
with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started.
The Uno differs from all preceding boards in that it does not use the FTDI USB-
to- serial driver chip. Instead, it features an ATmega16U2 programmed as a
USB-to-
 serial converter. This auxiliary microcontroller has its own USB bootloader, which
allows advanced users to reprogram it.

5.5.1 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

 Microcontroller: Microchip ATmega328P [7]

 Operating Voltage: 5 Volts
 Input Voltage: 7 to 20 Volts
 Digital I/O Pins: 14 (of which 6 can provide PWM output)
 UART: 1
 I2C: 1
 SPPI: 1
 Analog Input Pins: 6
 DC Current per I/O Pin: 20 mA
 DC Current for 3.3V Pin: 50 mA
 Flash Memory: 32 KB of which 0.5 KB used by bootloader
 SRAM: 2 KB
 EEPROM: 1 KB
 Clock Speed: 16 MHz
 Length: 68.6 mm
 Width: 53.4 mm
 Weight: 25 g
5.5.2 PIN DIAGRAM

Fig 5.1 7 ARDUINO UNO PIN DESCRIPTION

General pin functions

 LED: There is a built-in LED driven by digital pin 13. When the pin is high value,
the LED is on, when the pin is low, it is off.
 VIN: The input voltage to the Arduino/Genuino board when it is using an external
power source (as opposed to 5 volts from the USB connection or other regulated
power source). You can supply voltage through this pin, or, if supplying voltage
via the power jack, access it through this pin.
 5V: This pin outputs a regulated 5V from the regulator on the board. The board
can be supplied with power either from the DC power jack (7 - 20V), the USB
connector (5V), or the VIN pin of the board (7-20V). Supplying voltage via the
5V or 3.3V pins bypasses the regulator, and can damage the board.
 3V3: A 3.3 volt supply generated by the on-board regulator. Maximum current
draw is 50 mA.
 GND: Ground pins.
 IOREF: This pin on the Arduino/Genuino board provides the voltage reference
with which the microcontroller operates. A properly configured shield can read
the IOREF pin voltage and select the appropriate power source, or enable voltage
translators on the outputs to work with the 5V or 3.3V.
 Reset: Typically used to add a reset button to shields that block the one on the board.
Special pin functions

Each of the 14 digital pins and 6 analog pins on the Uno can be used as an input or
output, under software control (using pinMode(), digitalWrite(), and digitalRead()
functions). They operate at 5 volts. Each pin can provide or receive 20 mA as the
recommended operating condition and has an internal pull-up resistor (disconnected
by default) of 20-50K ohm. A maximum of 40mA must not be exceeded on any I/O
pin to avoid permanent damage to the microcontroller. The Uno has 6 analog inputs,
labeled A0 through A5; each provides 10 bits of resolution (i.e. 1024 different
values). By default, they measure from ground to 5 volts, though it is possible to
change the upper end of the range using the AREF pin and the analogReference()
function.

In addition, some pins have specialized functions:

 Serial / UART: pins 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). Used to receive (RX) and transmit (TX)
TTL serial data. These pins are connected to the corresponding pins of the
ATmega8U2 USB-to-TTL serial chip.
 External interrupts: pins 2 and 3. These pins can be configured to trigger an
interrupt on a low value, a rising or falling edge, or a change in value.
 PWM (pulse-width modulation): pins 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11. Can provide 8-bit
PWM output with the analogWrite() function.
 SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface): pins 10 (SS), 11 (MOSI), 12 (MISO), and 13
(SCK). These pins support SPI communication using the SPI library.
 TWI (two-wire interface) / I²C: pin SDA (A4) and pin SCL (A5). Support TWI
communication using the Wire library.
 AREF (analog reference): Reference voltage for the analog inputs.

5.5.3 COMMUNICATION PROCESS

The Arduino/Genuino Uno has a number of facilities for communicating with a

computer, another Arduino/Genuino board, or other microcontrollers. The
ATmega328 provides UART TTL (5V) serial communication, which is available on
digital pins 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). An ATmega16U2 on the board channels this serial
communication
over USB and appears as a virtual com port to software on the computer. The 16U2
firmware uses the standard USB COM drivers, and no external driver is needed.
However, on Windows, a .inf file is required. Arduino Software (IDE) includes a
serial monitor which allows simple textual data to be sent to and from the board. The
RX and TX LEDs on the board will flash when data is being transmitted via the USB-
to-serial chip and USB connection to the computer (but not for serial communication
on pins 0 and 1). A SoftwareSerial library allows serial communication on any of the
Uno's digital pins

5.6 ARDUINO NANO

The Arduino Nano is a small, complete, and breadboard-friendly board based on the
ATmega328 (Arduino Nano 3.x). It has more or less the same functionality of the
Arduino Duemilanove, but in a different package. It lacks only a DC power jack, and
works with a Mini-B USB cable instead of a standard one.

Fig 5.18 ARDUINO NANO BOARD

Arduino Nano is a small, compatible, flexible and breadboard friendly

Microcontroller board, developed by Arduino.cc in Italy, based on ATmega328p
( Arduino Nano V3.x) / Atmega168 ( Arduino Nano V3.x).

It comes with exactly the same functionality as in Arduino UNO but quite in small size.

It comes with an operating voltage of 5V, however, the input voltage can vary from 7
to 12V.
Arduino Nano Pinout contains 14 digital pins, 8 analog Pins, 2 Reset Pins & 6 Power
Pins.

Each of these Digital & Analog Pins are assigned with multiple functions but their
main function is to be configured as input or output.

They are acted as input pins when they are interfaced with sensors, but if you are
driving some load then use them as output.

Functions like pinMode() and digitalWrite() are used to control the operations of
digital pins while analogRead() is used to control analog pins.

The analog pins come with a total resolution of 10bits which measure the value from
zero to 5V.

Arduino Nano comes with a crystal oscillator of frequency 16 MHz. It is used to

produce a clock of precise frequency using constant voltage.

There is one limitation using Arduino Nano i.e. it doesn’t come with DC power jack,
means you can not supply external power source through a battery.

This board doesn’t use standard USB for connection with a computer, instead, it
comes with Mini USB support.

Tiny size and breadboard friendly nature make this device an ideal choice for most of
the applications where a size of the electronic components are of great concern.

Flash memory is 16KB or 32KB that all depends on the Atmega board i.e Atmega168
comes with 16KB of flash memory while Atmega328 comes with a flash memory of
32KB. Flash memory is used for storing code. The 2KB of memory out of total flash
memory is used for a bootloader.

The SRAM can vary from 1KB or 2KB and EEPROM is 512 bytes or 1KB for
Atmega168 and Atmega328 respectively.

This board is quite similar to other Arduino boards available in the market, but the
small size makes this board stand out from others.

Following figure shows the specifications of Arduino Nano Board.

 Table 5.2 Specifications of Arduino NANO

5.6.2 ARDUINO NANO PIN OUT

Fig 5.18 ARDUINO NANO Pinout

Each pin on the Nano board comes with a specific function associated with it.

We can see the analog pins that can be used as an analog to digital converter
where A4 and A5 pins can also be used for I2C communication. Similarly, there
are 14 digital pins, out of which 6 pins are used for generating PWM
5.6.3 COMMUNICATION

It is programmed using Arduino IDE which is an Integrated Development

Environment that runs both offline and online.

No prior arrangements are required to run the board. All you need is board, mini
USB cable and Arduino IDE software installed on the computer. USB cable is
used to transfer the program from computer to the board.

No separate burner is required to compile and burn the program as this board
comes with a built-in boot-loader.

The Arduino Nano is programmed by Arduino Software called IDE which is a

common software used for almost all types of board available. Simply download
the software and select the board you are using. There are two options to program
the controller i.e either by the bootloader that is added in the software which sets
you free from the use of external burner to compile and burn the program into the
controller and another option is by using ICSP (In-circuit serial programming
header).

Arduino board software is equally compatible with Windows, Linux or MAC.

.
 CHAPTER 6
SOFTWARE SPECIFICATIONS

6.1 ARDUINOIDE SOFTWARE

Arduino IDE is an open source software that is mainly used for writing and compiling
the code into the Arduino Module.

It is an official Arduino software, making code compilation too easy that even a
common person with no prior technical knowledge can get their feet wet with the
learning process.

It is easily available for operating systems like MAC, Windows, Linux and runs on the
Java Platform that comes with inbuilt functions and commands that play a vital role for
debugging, editing and compiling the code in the environment.

Fig 6.1 ARDUINO IDE Software Window

A range of Arduino modules available including Arduino Uno, Arduino Mega, Arduino
Leonardo, Arduino Micro and many more.

Each of them contains a microcontroller on the board that is actually programmed and
accepts the information in the form of code.

The main code, also known as a sketch, created on the IDE platform will ultimately
generate a Hex File which is then transferred and uploaded in the controller on the
board.
The IDE environment mainly contains two basic parts: Editor and Compiler where
former is used for writing the required code and later is used for compiling and
uploading the code into the given Arduino Module.

This environment supports both C and C++ languages.

6.2 ImageFromTextBT VOCALIZER MOBILE APPLICATION

ImageFromTextBT is basically a TTS system , that is specifically designed to be used

with bluetooth devices and has commands in form of text . The app reads the specific
text and convert it to speech . Along with this the app also dispalys the image of the
selected text.
The text is selected by the instructions it receives through the Bluetooth.

TTS also known as Text-to-speech systems, , were first developed to aid the visually
impaired by offering a computer-generated spoken voice that would “read” text to the
user.

It allows users to see text and hear it read aloud simultaneously. There are many apps
available, but typically as text appears on the screen, it’s spoken. The software uses a
computer-generated voice. It speaks words such as “help”, “water”, “food”,
“medicine” ,”start” , “stop” etc.

Text-to-speech tools are often used with optical character recognition (OCR). OCR is
a technology that scans printed material into a computer or handheld unit and converts
it to digital text..

People with learning disabilities who have difficulty reading large amounts of text due
to dyslexia or other problems really benefit from TTS, offering them an easier option
for experiencing website content
 CHAPTER 7
PROGRAM CODE

7.1 CODE FOR TRANSMITTER

const int ap1 = A0;

const int ap2 = A1;
const int ap3 = A3;

const int m11 = 4;

const int m12 = 5;
const int m21 = 6;
const int m22 = 7;

int sv1 = 0;
int sv2 = 0;
int sv3 = 0;
int flexx=0;
int d0=LOW,d1=LOW,d2=LOW,d3=LOW;
void setup()
{
//initialize serial communications at 9600 bps:
pinMode(m11, OUTPUT); //Set control pins to be outputs
pinMode(m12, OUTPUT);
pinMode(m21, OUTPUT);
pinMode(m22, OUTPUT);
pinMode(13, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(m11, HIGH);
digitalWrite(m12, HIGH);
digitalWrite(m21, HIGH);
digitalWrite(m22, HIGH);
delay(500);
digitalWrite(m11, d0);
digitalWrite(m12, d1);
digitalWrite(m21, d2);
digitalWrite(m22, d3);
Serial.begin(9600);
}
void loop()
{
accel();
flexx = analogRead(ap3);
Serial.print("\t flex = " );
Serial.print(flexx);
///////////////////////////////////////////////////
if(flexx<70)
{
digitalWrite(13,LOW);
if(sv2>380)
{
d0=~d0;
}
else if(sv2<310)
{
d1=~d1;
}
else if(sv1<=310)
{
d2=~d2;
}
else if(sv1>=370)
{
d3=~d3;
}
else
{
Serial.print("stop" );
}
}
else
{
digitalWrite(13,HIGH);
if(sv2>380)
{
Serial.print("*help#");
}
else if(sv2<330)
{
Serial.print("*water#");
}
else if(sv1<=310)
{
Serial.print("*food#");
}
else if(sv1>=370)
{
Serial.print("*medicine#");
}
}
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
digitalWrite(m11, d0);
digitalWrite(m12, d1);
digitalWrite(m21, d2);
digitalWrite(m22, d3);
delay(1000);
}
void accel()
{
sv1 = analogRead(ap1);
delay(2);
sv2 = analogRead(ap2);
delay(2);
 Serial.print("\n Xsensor1 = " );
Serial.print(sv1);
Serial.print("\t Ysensor2 = " );
Serial.print(sv2);
delay(100);
}

7.2 CODE FOR RECIEVER

const int ap1 = A0;

const int ap2 = A1;
const int ap3 = A3;

const int m11 = 4;

const int m12 = 5;
const int m21 = 6;
const int m22 = 7;

int sv1 = 0;
int sv2 = 0;
int sv3 = 0;
int flexx=0;
int d0=LOW,d1=LOW,d2=LOW,d3=LOW;
void setup()
{
//initialize serial communications at 9600 bps:
pinMode(m11, OUTPUT); //Set control pins to be outputs
pinMode(m12, OUTPUT);
pinMode(m21, OUTPUT);
pinMode(m22, OUTPUT);
pinMode(13, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(m11, HIGH);
digitalWrite(m12, HIGH);
digitalWrite(m21, HIGH);
digitalWrite(m22, HIGH);
delay(500);
digitalWrite(m11, d0);
digitalWrite(m12, d1);
digitalWrite(m21, d2);
digitalWrite(m22, d3);
Serial.begin(9600);
}
void loop()
{
accel();
flexx = analogRead(ap3);
Serial.print("\t flex = " );
Serial.print(flexx);
///////////////////////////////////////////////////
if(flexx<205)
{
digitalWrite(13,LOW);
if(sv2>380)
{
d0=~d0;
}
else if(sv2<330)
{
d1=~d1;
}
else if(sv1<=310)
{
d2=~d2;
}
else if(sv1>=370)
{
 d3=~d3;
}
else
{
Serial.print("stop" );
}
}
else
{
digitalWrite(13,HIGH);
if(sv2>380)
{
Serial.print("*help#");
}
else if(sv2<330)
{
Serial.print("*water#");
}
else if(sv1<=310)
{
Serial.print("*food#");
}
else if(sv1>=370)
{
Serial.print("*medicine#");
}
}
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
digitalWrite(m11, d0);
digitalWrite(m12, d1);
digitalWrite(m21, d2);
digitalWrite(m22, d3);
delay(1000);
}
void accel()
{
sv1 = analogRead(ap1);
delay(2);
sv2 = analogRead(ap2);
delay(2);

Serial.print("\n Xsensor1 = " );

Serial.print(sv1);
Serial.print("\t Ysensor2 = " );
Serial.print(sv2);
delay(100);
}
 CHAPTER 8
MERITS AND DEMERITS
6.1 MERITS
• There have been projects based on hand gesture recognition. We have
proposed a technique for adding features to it and designing an Artificial
Mouth Speaking System for the dumb.
• We can make our system wireless, so that it will become handy and portable
for future use.
• We can include more automation facilities in the glove.
• And instead of voiced data we can transmit code to mobile phones which can
be used for sign to text conversion and used for secret operations
• We can also have a two by communication including an animator that will
convert voice to sign languages.

6.2 DEMERITS
• The device has a major demerit of its mobility. The home automation feature
has a limitation of operation within a room , or else it will get expensive.
• Another demerit is wearing the glove at all times. This is irritable for some
and may find it difficult.
• Another demerit is operating it. Some may find it difficult to understand and
remember the signs.
 CHAPTER 9

FUTURE SCOPE

There can be a lot of future enhancements associated to this project, which

includes:

1. Designing of wireless transmitter system for “Microcontroller and Sensor

Based Gesture”

2. Perfection in monitoring and sensing of dynamic movements involved in

“microcontroller and sensor-based gesture vocalizer”

3. Designing of whole jacket, which could be capable of vocalizing the

gestures and movements of humans.

 REFRENCES

1. International Journal Of IRCCE

2. International Journal For MTST
3. Sushmita Mitra And Tinku Acharya,” A Gesture Recognition: A
Survey”
4. https://science.howstuffworks.com/gyroscope.htm
5. www.engineeringprojects.com
6. https://www.elprocus.com/rf-module-transmitter-receiver/