P13 Aditya Sharma Box

WORKSHOP ON
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR CONCRETE ROAD BRIDGES

IRC:112
WORKSHOP ON CODE OF PRACTICE FOR CONCRETE ROAD BRIDGES IRC:112 – 2011, ORGANISED BY ING-IABSE, 18-19 NOV 2016, MUMBAI WORKSHOP ON CODE OF PRACTICE FOR CONCRETE ROAD BRIDGES IRC:112 – 2011, ORGANISED BY ING-IABSE, 18-19 NOV 2016, MUMBAI
Session & Topic of Presentation
Aditya Sharma, Director, Ramboll India
ADITYA SHARMA is presently associated with Ramboll as Director –Highway &

Structure. Mr. Sharma is having wide range of experience spanning over 26
years in planning, detailed engineering design, proof checking, project
management and procurement for various bridges / highway & infrastructure
DESIGN OF BOX CULVERT-IRC 112
projects. He is ell versed with National & International codes of Bridge Design &
Conversant with the IRC, BS, ASSHTO LRFD, EURO and MOST standards &
specifications.
Add
Photograph He has completed his Graduation from Punjab University Chandigarh in year
1989. Before joining Ramboll, he has more than 16 years of hands-on
experience with RITES working both for domestic & international projects. He
has worked in Nepal, Botswana, England & Ireland in a capacity of Bridge
Engineer while working with RITES and Ramboll.
He is Member of Technical Committees of Indian Road Congress (B-2 & B-4)
and published papers for Fib, IRC, IIBE etc. He is Member of many professional
societies like Indian Road Congress (IRC), International Association of Bridge 2
and Structural Engineers (IABSE) & Indian Concrete Institute (ICI) .
DESIGN METHODOLOGY
• CULVERTS - Culverts are cross drainage structures having a total length of 6m or less
between outer faces of walls, measured at right angles. The cross drainage structures
For design and analysis of any type of structure the following
with pipes is termed as culverts, irrespective of its length. needs to be ensured
• Culverts are required to be provided under earth embankments for crossing of water • Safe from falling down (Strength)
course like streams/nallas
• Safe from falling over (Stability)
• Not susceptible to making feel uncomfortable (Serviceability)
Types of culverts – Broadly there are 3 types of culverts namely Box, Slab, and Pipe • Not prone to getting old quickly (Durability)
Box culvert – It has the top and bottom slab monolithically connected to the vertical walls. Before we can do any analysis we must understand what effects
It can be single-celled or multi celled and may or may not have earth cushion over slab
depending on the road profile or loads a structure may resist.
3 4
PRIMARY LOADS AND FORCES PRIMARY LOADS….. CONTD

The primary loads that the box structure will be subjected to are • BRAKING FORCE: Shall be designed for forces arising due to
application of brakes on wheels as per clause no 211.2 and 211.3
• DEAD LOAD: The self weight of the structure
of IRC:6-2014
• SIDL: Load due to surfacing, crash barrier, earth cushion if applicable.
• THERMAL EFFECTS: The structure to be designed for both
• Earth pressure : Side resistance due to earth fill.
(Clause no 214.1 of IRC:6 -2014) uniform and differential thermal effects as per clause no 215 of
IRC:6-2014
• Live load surcharge: Shall be designed for a surcharge equivalent to a 1.2m height
earth fill.
(Clause no 710.4.4 of IRC:78-2014) The structure is to be designed for all the combinations of load in
different limit states. The different limit states, the combination
• Live load : Designed for appropriate critical live load combinations as per clause principles and the design checks are shown in subsequent slides.
no 204 of IRC:6 -2014
5 6
1
POINTS TO BE CONSIDERED POINTS …. CONTD
• EARTH PRESSURE: The box shall be designed for earth pressure • TEMPERATURE: As the box is a restrained structure it
at rest. The coefficient of earth pressure at rest is more than that will have to be designed for stresses due to uniform fall
of active pressure and less than passive pressure. For soil Ø = 30 and rise of temperature as well as differential temperature
the coefficient at rest is 0.5 due to difference in temperature of the top surface and
• BRAKING FORCE: Braking force will affect the global stability. For other levels of the structure.
a fill height of more than 3m the braking force can be neglected • For box with cushion the temperature may be neglected.
as the braking effect will be absorbed by the cushion itself and • As per BD 31/01 clause no 3.2.8 temperature effects can
no force will be transmitted to the box beneath. be neglected for the following two cases
For intermediate heights of fill between 0 to 3m the braking effect ü Cushion greater than 2m and clear opening < 0.2 Lt where Lt is the
can be interpolated. transverse width of the box
ü The overall length of the structure shall not be more than 3m
As per latest amendment of IRC 6:2014 Temperature forces
needs to be considered in both ULS AND SLS cases
7 8
Limit States
Refer IRC: 6
Ultimate Service
Table 3.1 Gives Partial Factors to Check Equilibrium of Structure
Table 3.2 Gives Partial Factors for Verification of Structural
1) To check Loss of Equilibrium 1) Stress Check
Strength
2) Structural Strength 2) Crack Width
Table 3.3 Gives Partial Factors for Serviceability Limit State
3) Deflection
Table 3.4 Gives Partial Factors for Design of Foundation
Combinations to be adopted: Combination to be adopted:

1) Basic 1) Rare, To check stress
2) Frequent for deflection
3) Quasi-permanent for crack width
8 10
Table No. 1
Table No. 1
Partial Safety Factor for Verification of Equilibrium
Partial Safety Factor for Verification of Equilibrium
Actions Basic Combination Accidental Combination Seismic Combination Actions Basic Combination Accidental Combination Seismic Combination
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
Overturning Restoring Overturning Restoring or Overturning Restoring Overturning Restoring Overturning Restoring or Overturning Restoring
or Sliding or or Sliding Resisting or Sliding or Resisting or Sliding or Resisting or Sliding Resisting or Sliding or
or Uplift Effect Resisting or Uplift Effect Effect or Uplift Effect or Uplift Effect Effect or Uplift Effect Effect or Uplift Effect Resisting
Effect Effect Effect
Permanent Actions: Thermal Action
Dead Load, SIDL except (a) As Leading Load 1.50 0 - - - -
surfacing, Backfill weight, 1.05 0.95 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
(b) As accompanying Load 0.9 0 0.5 0 0.5 0
settlement, creep and
shrinkage effect
Wind
Surfacing (a) As Leading Load 1.50 0 - - - -
1.35 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.0
(b) As accompanying Load 0.9 0 - - - -
Prestress and Secondary (Refer Note 5)

effect of prestress Live Load Surcharge 1.20 0 - - - -
effects (as accompanying
Earth pressure due to Back 1.50 - 1.0 - 1.0 load)
Fill
Accidental effects:
Variable Actions: i) Vehicle collision (or) -
Carriageway Live Load, ii) Barge Impact (or)
associated loads (braking, - - 1.0 - -
iii) Impact due to floating
tractive and centrifugal
bodies
forces) and Pedestrian Live
Load
(a) As Leading Load Seismic Effect -
1.5 0 0.75 0 - - - - - 1.5 -
(b) As accompanying Load 0 0.2 0 0.2 0 (a) During Service -
1.15 - - - -
(b) During Construction 0.75
(c) Construction Live Load 1.35 0 1.0 0 1.0 0
11 12
2
Note:
Table No. 1 1) During launching the counterweight position shall be allowed a
Partial Safety Factor for Verification of Equilibrium variation of + 1m for steel bridges.
Actions Basic Combination Accidental Combination Seismic Combination 2) For Combination principles refer Para 3.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
3) Thermal action includes restraints associated with expansion/
Overturning Restoring Overturning Restoring Overturning Restoring
or Sliding or or Sliding or Resisting or Sliding or
contraction due to type of construction (Portal frame, arch and
or Uplift Resisting or Uplift Effect Effect or Uplift Resisting elastomeric bearings), frictional restraint in metallic bearings and
Effect Effect Effect Effect
thermal gradients. This combination however, is not valid for the
Construction
Condition: design of bearing and expansion joint.
Counter Weights: - 0.9 - 1.0 - 1.0 4) Wind action and thermal action need not be taken simultaneously.
a) When density or self
weight is well defined - 0.8 - 1.0 - 1.0
5) Partial safety factor for prestress and secondary effect of prestress
b) When density or self shall be as recommended in the relevant codes.
weight is not well defined
c) Erection effects
1.05 0.95 - - - - 6) Wherever Snow Load is applicable, Clause 221 shall be referred
for combination of snow load and live load.
Wind
1.50 0 - - - - 7) Seismic effect during erection stage is reduced to half when
(a) Leading Load
(b) Accompanying Load
1.20 0 - - - - construction phase does not exceed 5 years.
8) For repair, rehabilitation and retrofitting, the load combination shall
Hydraulic Actions
(Accompanying Load): be project specific.
Water current forces 1.0 0 1.0 - 1.0 -
Wave Pressure 1.0 0 1.0 - 1.0 -
1.0 - 1.0 - 1.0 -
Buoyancy
13 14
Table No. 2 Table No. 2

Partial Safety Factor for Verification of Structural Strength Partial Safety Factor for Verification of Structural Strength
Ultimate Limit State Ultimate Limit State
Basic Combination Accidental Seismic Basic Combination Accidental Seismic

Combination Combination Combination Combination
(1) (2) (3) (4) (1) (2) (3) (4)
Permanent Actions: Wind during service and construction
Dead Load, SIDL except surfacing, effects: (a) Leading Load 1.50 - -
(a) Adding to the effect of variable action 1.35 1.0 1.0 (b) Accompanying Load 0.9 - -
(b) Opposing the effect of variable action 1.0 1.0 1.0
Surfacing: Live Load Surcharge (as accompanying load) 1.2 0.2 0.2
Effects adding to the effect of variable action 1.75 1.0 1.0
Effects opposing the effect of variable action 1.0 1.0 1.0 Construction Dead load 1.35 1.0 1.35
Thermal Loads
Prestress and Secondary effect of prestress - - (Refer Note 2) - 1.5 -
a) As leading load -
Back fill Weight 1.5 1.0 1.0 b) As Accompanying load 0.9 0.5 0.5
Earth pressure due to Back Fill

(a) Adding to the effect of variable loads 1.50 1.0 1.5
(b) Relieving the effect of variable loads 1.0 1.0 1.0
Variable Actions:
Carriageway Live Load and associated
actions (braking, tractive and centrifugal
forces) and Pedestrian Live Load:
(a) Leading Load 1.5 0.75 0
(b) Accompanying Load 1.15 0.2 0.2
(c) Construction Live Load 1.35 1.0 1.0
15 16
Note: 1) For Combination principles, refer Para 3.
Table No. 2 Table No. 3

Partial Safety Factor for Verification of Structural Strength Partial Safety Factor for Verification of Serviceability Limit State
Ultimate Limit State Rare Combination Frequent Semi Permanent

Combination Combination
Basic Combination Accidental Seismic
(1) (2) (3) (4)
(1) (2) (3) (4)
Permanent Actions:
Dead Load, SIDL excluding surfacing 1.0 1.0 1.0
Accidental Effects: Surfacing
i) Vehicle Collision (or) 1.0 a) As leading load 1.2 1.2 1.2
ii) Barge Impact (or) - 1.0 - 1.0 1.0 1.0
b) As Accompanying load
iii) Impact due to floating bodies 1.0
Seismic Effect 1.0 1.0 1.0

Back fill Weight
(a) During Service - - 1.5
(b) During Construction - - 0.75 Prestress and Secondary effect of prestress (Refer Note 4)
Hydraulic Actions (Accompanying Load): Shrinkage and Creep Effects 1.0 1.0 1.0
Water Current Forces 1.0 1.0 1.0
Wave Pressure 1.0 1.0 1.0
Earth Pressure due to Back Fill 1.0 1.0 1.0
Buoyancy 0.15 0.15 0.15
Settlement Effects
(a) Adding to the permanent effect 1.0 1.0 1.0
(b) Opposing the permanent effect 0 0 0
17 18
Note: 1) For Combination principles, refer Para 3.
3
Table No. 3
Partial Safety Factor for Verification of Serviceability Limit State
Rare Combination Frequent Semi Permanent Note:
1) For Combination principles, refer Para 3.
(1) (2) (3) (4)
2) Thermal action includes restraints associated with expansion/
Variable Actions: contraction due to type of construction (Portal frame, arch and
Carriageway Live Load and associated loads
(braking, tractive and centrifugal forces) and
elastomeric bearings), frictional restraint in metallic bearings and
Pedestrian Live Load 1.0 0.75 - thermal gradients. This combination however, is not valid for the
(a) Leading Load 0.75 0.2 0
design of bearing and expansion joint.
3) Wind and thermal action need not be taken simultaneously.
Thermal Actions 1.0 0.6 -
(a) Leading Load 0.6 0.5 0.5
Table no 4 gives the factors for design of foundation.
Wind
(a) Leading Load 1.0 0.60 -
(b) Accompanying Load 0.60 0.50 0
Live Load Surcharge (Accompanying Load) 0.80 0 0
Hydraulic Actions (Accompanying Load):

Water Current Forces 1.0 1.0 -
Wave Pressure 1.0 1.0 -
Buoyancy 0.15 0.15 0.15
19 20
LOAD COMBINATION ULS

RECAPITULATION -PRIMARY LOADS WITH LEGENDS
ULS Basic Load Combination

SL No
LOAD CASE GROUP 1:
1 Self Weight of BOX = DL 1 1.35 DL + 1.35 SIDL-1 + 1.75 SIDL-2
2 SIDL Without Surfacing = SIDL-1 2 1.35 DL + 1.35 SIDL-1 + 1.75 SIDL-2 + 1.2 LLS + 1.5 EP
3 1.35 DL + 1.35 SIDL-1 + 1.75 SIDL-2 + 1.2 LLS + 1.5 EP + 1.5 BR + 1.5 LL
3 SIDL Only Surfacing = SIDL-2
4 Live Load Surcharge = LLS LOAD CASE GROUP 2:
5 Earth Pressure at Rest = EP 1 1.0 DL + 1.0 SIDL-1 + 1.0 SIDL-2

2 1.0 DL + 1.0 SIDL-1 + 1.0 SIDL-2 + 1.2 LLS + 1.5 EP
6 Live Load = LL
7 Braking Force = BR
8 Uniform Temperature Rise = UTR LOAD CASE GROUP 3:
1 1.35 DL + 1.35 SIDL-1 + 1.75 SIDL-2

9 Uniform Temperature Fall = UTF
10 Temperature Gradient Rise = TGR 3 1.35 DL + 1.35 SIDL-1 + 1.75 SIDL-2 + 1.2 LLS + 1.0 EP + 1.5 BR + 1.5 LL
11 Temperature Gradient Fall = TGF

LOAD CASE GROUP 4:
1 1.0 DL + 1.0 SIDL-1 + 1.0 SIDL-2

POINTS REGARDING ULS COMBINATION SLS COMBINATIONS

SLS Rare Combination

POINTS REGARDING ULS COMBINATION 1 1.0 DL + 1.0 SIDL-1 + 1.2 SIDL-2
•Combinations with both earth pressure adding and relieving to the effect of 3 1.0 DL + 1.0 SIDL-1 + 1.2 SIDL-2 + 0.8 LLS + 1.0 EP + 1.0 BR + 1.0 LL
variable load shall be considered in the design SLS Rare Combination with Uniform Temperature Rise as Accompany Load
1 1.0 DL + 1.0 SIDL-1 + 1.2 SIDL-2 + 0.6 UTR
•Similarly live load combinations with both leading and accompanying load shall 2 1.0 DL + 1.0 SIDL-1 + 1.2 SIDL-2 + 0.6 UTR + 0.8 LLS + 1.0 EP
be considered 3 1.0 DL + 1.0 SIDL-1 + 1.2 SIDL-2 + 0.6 UTR + 0.8 LLS + 1.0 EP + 1.0 BR + 1.0 LL
SLS Rare Combination with Uniform Temperature Fall as Accompany Load

•For buried type of structures Seismic combinations may not be considered. 1 1.0 DL + 1.0 SIDL-1 + 1.2 SIDL-2 + 0.6 UTF
2 1.0 DL + 1.0 SIDL-1 + 1.2 SIDL-2 + 0.6 UTF + 0.8 LLS + 1.0 EP
•Although the present code takes into account the Thermal effects in ULS the 3 1.0 DL + 1.0 SIDL-1 + 1.2 SIDL-2 + 0.6 UTF + 0.8 LLS + 1.0 EP + 1.0 BR + 1.0 LL
imposed effect due to this type of indirect action can usually be ignored for ULS
SLS Rare Combination with Uniform Temperature Rise as Leading Load
since yielding of overstressed areas will release the locked in forces provided
1 1.0 DL + 1.0 SIDL-1 + 1.2 SIDL-2 + 1.0 UTR
the structure has enough ductility and rotation capacity. 2 1.0 DL + 1.0 SIDL-1 + 1.2 SIDL-2 + 1.0 UTR + 0.8 LLS + 1.0 EP
3 1.0 DL + 1.0 SIDL-1 + 1.2 SIDL-2 + 1.0 UTR + 0.8 LLS + 1.0 EP + 0.75 BR + 0.75 LL
4
SLS COMBINATIONS CONTD……. SLS COMBINATIONS CONTD…….
SLS Rare Combination with Uniform Temperature Fall as Leading Load SLS Rare Combination with Temperature Gradient Fall as Leading Load
1 1.0 DL + 1.0 SIDL-1 + 1.2 SIDL-2 + 1.0 UTF 1 1.0 DL + 1.0 SIDL-1 + 1.2 SIDL-2 + 1.0 TGF
2 1.0 DL + 1.0 SIDL-1 + 1.2 SIDL-2 + 1.0 UTF + 0.8 LLS + 1.0 EP 2 1.0 DL + 1.0 SIDL-1 + 1.2 SIDL-2 + 1.0 TGF + 0.8 LLS + 1.0 EP
3 1.0 DL + 1.0 SIDL-1 + 1.2 SIDL-2 + 1.0 UTF + 0.8 LLS + 1.0 EP + 0.75 BR + 0.75 LL 3 1.0 DL + 1.0 SIDL-1 + 1.2 SIDL-2 + 1.0 TGF + 0.8 LLS + 1.0 EP + 0.75 BR + 0.75 LL
SLS Rare Combination with Temperature Gradient Rise as Accompany Load SLS Rare Combination with Uniform Temp Rise and Temperature Gradient Rise as Accompany Load
1 1.0 DL + 1.0 SIDL-1 + 1.2 SIDL-2 + 0.6 TGR 1 1.0 DL + 1.0 SIDL-1 + 1.2 SIDL-2 + 0.6 TGR + 0.6 UTR
2 1.0 DL + 1.0 SIDL-1 + 1.2 SIDL-2 + 0.6 TGR + 0.8 LLS + 1.0 EP 2 1.0 DL + 1.0 SIDL-1 + 1.2 SIDL-2 + 0.6 TGR + 0.6 UTR + 0.8 LLS + 1.0 EP
3 1.0 DL + 1.0 SIDL-1 + 1.2 SIDL-2 + 0.6 TGR + 0.8 LLS + 1.0 EP + 1.00 BR + 1.00 LL 3 1.0 DL + 1.0 SIDL-1 + 1.2 SIDL-2 + 0.6 TGR + 0.6 UTR + 0.8 LLS + 1.0 EP + 1.00 BR + 1.00 LL
SLS Rare Combination with Temperature Gradient Fall as Accompany Load SLS Rare Combination with Uniform Temp Fall and Temperature Gradient Fall as Accompany Load
1 1.0 DL + 1.0 SIDL-1 + 1.2 SIDL-2 + 0.6 TGF 1 1.0 DL + 1.0 SIDL-1 + 1.2 SIDL-2 + 0.6 TGF + 0.6 UTF
2 1.0 DL + 1.0 SIDL-1 + 1.2 SIDL-2 + 0.6 TGF + 0.8 LLS + 1.0 EP 2 1.0 DL + 1.0 SIDL-1 + 1.2 SIDL-2 + 0.6 TGF + 0.6 UTF + 0.8 LLS + 1.0 EP
3 1.0 DL + 1.0 SIDL-1 + 1.2 SIDL-2 + 0.6 TGF + 0.8 LLS + 1.0 EP + 1.00 BR + 1.00 LL 3 1.0 DL + 1.0 SIDL-1 + 1.2 SIDL-2 + 0.6 TGF + 0.6 UTF + 0.8 LLS + 1.0 EP + 1.00 BR + 1.00 LL
SLS Rare Combination with Temperature Gradient Rise as Leading Load SLS Rare Combination with Uniform Temp Rise and Temperature Gradient Rise as Leading Load
1 1.0 DL + 1.0 SIDL-1 + 1.2 SIDL-2 + 1.0 TGR 1 1.0 DL + 1.0 SIDL-1 + 1.2 SIDL-2 + 1.0 TGR + 1.0 UTR
2 1.0 DL + 1.0 SIDL-1 + 1.2 SIDL-2 + 1.0 TGR + 0.8 LLS + 1.0 EP 2 1.0 DL + 1.0 SIDL-1 + 1.2 SIDL-2 + 1.0 TGR + 1.0 UTR + 0.8 LLS + 1.0 EP
3 1.0 DL + 1.0 SIDL-1 + 1.2 SIDL-2 + 1.0 TGR + 0.8 LLS + 1.0 EP + 0.75 BR + 0.75 LL 3 1.0 DL + 1.0 SIDL-1 + 1.2 SIDL-2 + 1.0 TGR + 1.0 UTR + 0.8 LLS + 1.0 EP + 0.75 BR + 0.75 LL
SLS COMBINATIONS POINTS

•Design shall be carried out for all possible combinations for different
leading and accompanying load as well as adding and relieving effect of
variable load
•Similar load combinations for Quassi permanent load with appropriate

partial factors shall be carried out for crack width check of different
elements.
DESIGN EXAMPLE BOX CULVERT
•Deflection may be checked for frequent combinations but they rarely
governs the design in this type of structure.
1X2.0 x2.0
•Maximum compressive stress in concrete under rare combinations shall

be limited to 0.48fck and tensile stress in reinforcement shall be limited
to 0.8fyk.(cl no 12.2.1 and 12.2.2 of IRC 112-2011). Members must be
checked for fatigue if tensile stresses exceeds 300Mpa
DESIGN PARAMETERS
DESIGN DATA
No. of cells = 1.00

Clear Span = 2.00 m Design Parameter
Clear Height at outer edge = 2.00 m

Grade of Concrete = M30
Clear Height at median edge = 2.00 m
Grade of Steel = Fe 500
Clear Cover for earth face structural component = 75mm
Width of Box = 12.00 m Clear Cover for inside face structural component = 50mm
Carriage Width = 11.00 m Clear Cover for foundation = 75mm
Width of crash barrier = 0.50 m
Width of footpath/safety kerb = 0.00 m
The clear cover for all foundations and elements below ground level
Width of Haunch = 0.15 m shall be minimum 75mm (table 14.2 note 7 of IRC 112-2011)
Depth of Haunch = 0.15 m
All other cover and grade requirements are governed by the exposure
Thickness of wearing coat = 0.45 m
condition as per table 14.2 of IRC 112-2011
Thickness of profile correction course (PCC) = 0 m
Thickness of Wearing coat + profile correction course = 0.450 m
Thickness of fill over top slab excluding wearing coat = 0 m
Depth of Top Slab = 0.250 m

Depth of Bottom Slab = 0.300 m
Depth of External Vertical Wall = 0.300 m
5
ANALYSIS
APPLICATION OF LOADS IN STAAD MODEL
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS APPLICATION OF LOADS IN STAAD MODEL

•Self weight of the structure has been calculated in Staad itself
The structure has been modelled in 2D in STAAD PRO. The Live load dispersion has
been considered according to Informative Annexure B of IRC:112-2011, i.e. effective •The SIDL and Earth pressure and live load surcharge loads are applied as
width method. Since the box is fully resting on the soil, the base support condition distributed loads on members
was simulated by providing discrete spring supports for the base slab. Soil springs
stiffness has been calculated based on safe bearing capacity of soil . •Live load has been calculated by effective width method and applied as UDL
in Staad model
•Temperature effects has been worked out as per cl no 215 of IRC 6 -2014
and applied in Staad model
•Combinations as shown before for different limit states has been applied in
Staad model itself
•The bending moments and shear force at the critical sections has been
checked .
ULS MOMENT AND SHEAR SUMMARY Stress – Strain Curves

FORCE SUMMARY (ULS) MATERIAL PROPERTIES OF REINFORCING STEEL & CONCRETE

5 Summary of Bending Moment and Shea r Force REINFORCEMENT PROPERTIES :
5.1. Ult imat e Limit Stat e (ULS) Grade of stee l = Fe 500 Mpa
Live Load Es = 200000 Mpa

case
Normal Loa d Ca se
(unfa ct ored Norma l Load Case fyk = 500 Mpa
Beam No (fact ored) fr om Design Values
) fr om + Live Load fyd = 434.783 Mpa
STA A D out put
STA A D
output gs
Stress
= 1.15
Mome Shear Mome Shear Axial Mome Axial
Shear Moment S hear
nt (kN- at d nt kN- at d force nt kN- force fyd = fyk / gs
kN kN-m kN
m) dist kN m dist kN kN m kN = 434.783 Mpa
Mid top 0 0 0 0.0
38
Mid bot 18.6 5.7 33.6 33.6 e yk = fyk / Es e yd = 0.00217 e ud = 0.0041
= 0.0025 Strain
S upport top 9.4 15.6 28 41 29.7 28 41 29.7 28 Design stress- strain diagram for
37 & 40 e yd = fyd / Es Reinfo rcing Steel
S upport bot 0 0 0 0.0
= 0.00217
refer fig 6.2 of IRC 112-2011 and using factored simplified
Outside 18.1 17.3 34.1 41 44.45 34.1 41 44.5 34
24 & 29 e uk = 0.0045 design bilenear d iagram
Inside 0 8 8 8.0
e ud = 0.9 * e uk
Outside 15.6 0 23.4 23.4 = 0.0041
23 & 28
Inside 0 8 8 8.0
fy = e s*Es if e s < e yd
= fyd if e s >= e yd
Outside 13.3 25.1 48 60 45.07 48 60 45.1 48
22 & 27
Inside 0 0 0 0.0 Es = Modulus of Elasticity
fyk = Characteristics yield strength of reinforcement
ft = Tensile strength of stee l
S upport top 15.3 12 50 62.7 34.95 50 62.7 35.0 50
2 - 3 & 8- 9 gs = Partial factor for reinforcing steel
S upport bot 3.7 27 32.55 32.6
fyd = Design yie ld strength of reinforceme nt
e yk = Characteristic yield strain of reinforcement steel
top 24.3 14 50.45 50.5 e yd = Design yie ld strain of re inforce ment stee l
5 & 6
bottom 0 0 0 0.0 33 e uk = Characteristic strain of reinforcement ste el at max imum load
e ud = design strain of reinforcement steel at maximum load
Stress – Strain Curves Stress blocks
Modifed Linear stress sreain curve for concrete

Property of Rectangular stress block - rectangular s tress block
fcd = 13.40 Mpa
Effective height factor l = 0.8 for fck <= 60 Mpa
= 0.8- (fck-60)/500for 60 < fck <= 110 Mpa
stress
= 0.8
ec3 = 0.0018 e cu3 = 0.0035
strain
Modified Design stress -strain diagarm for
Concrete Compression zone factor h = 1 for fck <= 60 Mpa
= 1- (fck-60)/250 for 60 < fck <= 110 Mpa
= 1
ec3 = 0.0018 For fck<= 60 Mpa
ecu3 = 0.0035
0.0035 Strain fcd 1 *fcd
3/7x 0.416 x
fc = fcd/ec3 *ec For 0 ≤ec ≤ 0.0018
0.002 Stress
For 0.0018 ≤ec ≤ 0.0035
@ 0.8 *x
x 4/7x
fck = Characteristic compressive cube strength of concrete at 28 days
fcd = Design Value of concrete compressive strength
ec2 = Strain at reaching characteristic
ecu2 = Ultimate strain
Strain Recatangular- Parabolic Equavelent
ec = Compressive strain in concrete stress block stress block
sc = Compressive stress in concrete
6
Limiting neutral axis Limiting neutral axis
Limiting Depth of Neutral axis

Minimum Strain in reinforcement at ultimate limit state Strength of the section
eud = 0.0041
Moment Resistance
Strain Diagram Stress Diagram
Ultimate strain in concrete e cu2 = 0.0035
0.0035 ƞ fcd
e cu2 = 0.0035 Xu ʎXu Compression
d
xu ≤xu,max
d
d-xu
eud= 0.0041 0.87fy

Ast (0.0035 x d/Xu) - 0.0035 Tension
from similar triangles
Neutral Axis is calculated from s train compatibility .By making assumption that steel fully yields
xu,max 0.0035
= when concrete achieve its permiss ible strain limit(0.0035),
d - xu,ma x 0.0041
below given equation s hall s atisfy
xu,max = 0.464 * d for balanced failure (0.0035 x d/Xu) - 0.0035 >= fy/1.15/Es
The actual strain can be worked out and check if our assumtion of steel yeilding is correct.
If above equation is not hold true than neutral axis will be calculated by trial and error
MOMENT CAPACITY CHECK – ULS AT TOP SLAB MIDSPAN MOMENT CAPACITY CHECK – ULS AT TOP SLAB MIDSPAN CONTD…..
Type Span Geometric Data

Type of element ( B for Beam & S for Slab ) Reference Unit S Width of Slab / Beam ( b ) mm 1000
Location Bottom
Total Depth of Slab/Beam ( D ) mm 250
Load Data Cover to Reinforcement ( c ) mm 50

Moment From Staad output kN-m 33.60 Dia of Reinforcement ( f ) mm 12
Specing of Reinforcement ( s ) or mm 240
Material Data
Grade of Steel Fe 500 Dia of Reinforcement ( f ) 10
Charecteristic strength of reinforcement ( fy k ) Table 18.1, IRC 112 MPa 500 Specing of Reinforcement ( s ) or 240
partial factor for steel ( gs ) Cl 6.2.2, IRC 112 1.15
Area of Reinforcement ( At ) mm 2 798
Design value for tensile strength ( fy d = fy k/gs ) Cl 6.2.2, IRC 112 MPa 500/1.15 434.78
Modulus of Elasticity of Steel ( Es ) Cl 6.2.2, IRC 112 GPa 200 Reinforcement ( % ) 0.319
Grade of Concrete M 30
Charecteristics compressive strength ( fck ) Table 6.5, IRC 112 MPa 30
a Cl 6.4.2.8, IRC 112 0.67 Dia of Shear Reinforcement ( f ) mm 12
Concrete material factor ( g m ) Cl 6.4.2.8, IRC 112 1.5
Design value for concrete compressive strength ( fcd = af ck/gm ) Cl 6.4.2.8, IRC 112 MPa 1.5* .67/13.40 13.40
MOMENT CAPACITY CHECK – ULS AT TOP SLAB MIDSPAN CONTD….. POINTS ON ULS SHEAR CHECK IN BOX STRUCTURES
Strength of the section

Moment Resistance
ULS SHEAR CHECK
Effective depth of section ( d = D - c - f/2 ) mm =250- 50- 12/2 194 •In general, the elements of Box structure shall be so proportioned that no additional
Depth of nutral axis from compression flange ( x ) mm 32 shear reinforcement is necessary
l Eq A2-33 & 34, IRC 112 0.8
h Eq A2-35 & 36, IRC 112 1
Depth of stress block ( lx ) mm .8* 32 26 •It shall be ensured that the concrete shear capacity arrived by using codal Equation
Stress on stress block ( hfcd ) MPa 1*13.40 13.40 10.1 shall be greater than the applied shear in order to avoid the shear reinforcement.
Total Compression Force ( Fc = lx hfcd b) kN 26*13.40* 1000/1000 347
Total Tension Force ( Fs = fy d At or fs A t) kN 434.78*798/1000 347
Diff ( Fc - Fs ) kN 0 • Minimum shear reinforcement as per clause 16.5.2 shall be provided in beams.
Depth of lever arm ( z = d - lx/2) mm 194-26/2 181
Moment of Resistance ( Fc z ) kN-m 347*181/1000 63 However In case of slabs the same can be dispensed with due to transverse dispersion
Usage 33.60/63 0.53 of loads.
Status O.K.
Max Strain on concrete in compression ( ecu3 ) Table 6.5, IRC 112 0.0035
Max Strain on reinforcement in tension ( es = ecu 3*(d-x)/x ) from similar triangles .0035*(194-32)/32 0.0175
•Slabs designed based in effective width need not be checked for flexural shear for live
Stress in Reinforcement ( fs ) MPa 434.78
Status Under Reinf loads
2
Min Reinf As min = 0.26fctm/fy k b td or 0.0013btd Eq 16.1, IRC 112 mm 252
fctm = Table 6.5, IRC 112 MPa 2.5
Status OK •Clause 10.3.2(5) and the applicability of reduction factor b is not appropriate for
uniformly distributed loads.
Distribution Reinforcement (Clause:16.6.1.1-IRC:112-2011)
Minimum Distribution Reinforcement (20% of Main Reinf.) mm2 0.2*798 160 •Reinforcement if required can be worked out as discussed earlier using equations
Reinforcement Provided mm2 3.14*( 8^2)/4*( 1000/ 250) 201
Status OK
10.3.3.2 and provided in form of Open links.
7
ULS SHEAR CHECK IN BOX (At bottom slab)……contd
ULS SHEAR CHECK IN BOX (At bottom slab near support)
DESIGN OF RECT ANGULAR BEAM / SLAB AS PER IRC : 112 - 2011

Geometric Data
Width of Slab / Beam ( b ) mm 1000
Haunch Face
Type Start Total Depth of Slab/Beam ( D ) mm 350
Type of element ( B for Beam & S for Slab ) Reference Unit S Cover to Reinforcement ( c ) mm 75
Location Top
Dia of Reinforcement ( f ) mm 16
Load Data Spacing of Reinforcement ( s ) or mm 240

2
Shear From Staad output kN 50.00 Area of Reinforcement ( A t ) mm 838
Axial force From Staad output kN 0.00 Reinforcement ( % ) 0.239
(conservatively , axial force is ignored )
Material Data
Grade of Steel Fe 500
Shear Resistance
Charecteristic strength of reinforcement ( fy k ) Table 18.1, IRC 112 MPa 500
Concrete Shear capacity V Rd.c = [ 0.12K(80r 1.fck )0.33+0.15scp]bd Cl 10.3.2, IRC 112 kN 147
Design value for tensile strength ( fy d = fy k /gs ) Cl 6.2.2, IRC 112 MPa 434.78 Min Conc Shear capacity nRd.c min = (nmin+0.15scp)bd Cl 10.3.2, IRC 112 kN 116
Modulus of Elasticity of Steel ( Es ) Cl 6.2.2, IRC 112 GPa 200
K = 1+sqrt(200/d) <=2 Eq 10.2, IRC 112 1.865
Grade of Concrete M 30 nmin = 0.031K1.5fck 0.5 Eq 10.3, IRC 112 0.433
Charecteristics compressive strength ( fck ) Table 6.5, IRC 112 MPa 30 scp =0.00*1000/(350* 1000) axial compression if applicable MPa 0.000
a Cl 6.4.2.8, IRC 112 0.67 r1 = At /bd <= 0.02 0.006
Concrete material factor ( gm ) Cl 6.4.2.8, IRC 112 1.5 Status As VR dc> applied shear force Reinf not Reqd
Design value for concrete compressive strength ( fcd = afck /gm ) Cl 6.4.2.8, IRC 112 MPa 13.40 Status OK
SLS CHECK (STRESS) SLS CHECK (STRESS)
b Ec,eff b / Es
SLS STRESS CHECK εc
•12.1 (2) of IRC 112 permits an un-cracked concrete cross-section to be dc dc
assumed for stress and deflection calculation provided that the flexural
d d
tensile stress under the relevant combination of actions considered does b
not exceed fctm d-dc
•If stresses in concrete exceeds fctm cracked section properties will be

As εs
required to calculate stresses As
•For calculating stresses with long term effect of creep, effective modulus of
Stresses Strains
elasticity of concrete shall be used.
Ec,eff =
(M qp + M st )E cm • The neutral axis depth and steel strain can be derived from a cracked section
M st + (1 + f )M qp analysis assuming plane section remain plane.
• For rectangular beams from strain diagram es=(d-dc)/dc * ec
Mqp = moment due to quasi-permanent effects • NA to be calculated by Equating area moment of concrete in compression and
Mst = moment due to short-term effects equivalent steel in tension about neutral axis.
f = creep factor
SLS CHECK (STRESS) BENDING MOMENTS (SLS RARE)
FORCE SUMMARY (SLS)

5.2. Serv iceability Limit St ate (SLS)
Equating compressive and tensile forces
5.2.1. Rare Combination
• Fs= Fc Live Load
Nor mal Load Nor mal cas e
Normal Load
Normal Load
• AsEses=0.5bdce cEc,eff
case case with Normal case
Case Nor mal Load wit h cas e with
(unfactor ed Temper atur with
Beam No (factored) Case + Live Temperatur Temperatur e Design Values
) fr om e+ Live Temperature
from STAA D Load e Load + Live Load
STA AD Load Load (Leading)
out put (A ccomp.) (Leading)
out put (Accomp.)
• Substituting steel strain and re arranging LC 101-106 LC 111-134 LC 141-164
Moment kN-m Moment kN-m Moment kN-m Moment kN-m Moment kN- m Moment kN-m Moment kN-m Moment kN-m
Mid top 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0

38
Mid bot 18.6 3.6 22.2 8.5 27.1 11.6 25.55 27.1
1 E c ,eff - AsEs + ( AsEs ) + 2bAsEsEc,effd

2
I = A s (d - d c ) +
2 3
bd c dc = 37 & 40
Support
Support
9.4
0
10.2
0
19.56
0
15
0
24.4
0
17.18
0
24.23
0
24.4
0.0
3 Es bEc,eff
Outside 18.1 10.3 28.353 26 44.1 35.5 49.08 49.1
24 & 29
Inside 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0
Outside 15.6 0.0 15.6 0 15.6 0 11.7 15.6

23 & 28
Inside 0 5.17 5.167 7.2 7.2 9.3 9.3 9.3
M E c , eff
s = Ed
z = I / d
Outside 13.31 17.0 30.31 22.8 36.11 26.6 36.58 36.6
c 22 & 27
z c E s c c
Inside 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0
M 2 - 3 & 8- Support 15.3 9.0 24.3 13.3 28.6 19.2 30.68 30.7
s = Ed
z s = I / (d - d c )
9 Support 3.7 18.0 21.7 24.8 28.5 29 31.78 31.8
s
z s top 24.3 9.4 33.71 17.8 42.1 23.5 41.73 42.1
5& 6
bottom 0 0 0 4 4 9 9 9.0
8
BENDING MOMENTS (SLS QUASSI PERMANENT) STRESS CHECK RARE (AT TOP SLAB MIDSPAN)
Quasi-permanent Combination
Live Load Normal Load
case
Nor mal Load Nor mal case
case with Normal case
Normal Load STRESS CHECK SAMPLE TOP SLAB MIDSPAN BOTTOM
Case Nor mal Load wit h case with
(unfactor ed Temperatur with Design
Beam No
) fr om
(factored) Case + Live Temperatur
e+ Live Temperature
Temperatur e
Values
Load Data Span
from STAA D Load e Load + Live Load
STA AD Load Load (Leading)
out put
out put (A ccomp.)
(Accomp.)
(Leading) Moment(Mrare) kN-m 27.1
LC 101-106 LC 111-134 LC 141-164
Moment(QP) kN-m 3.6
Moment kN-m Moment kN-m Moment kN-m Moment kN-m Moment kN-m Moment kN-m Moment kN-m Moment kN-m
Moment due to transient loading (Mst) kN-m 23.5
Mid top 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0
38
Mid bot 18.6 3.6 3.6 7.6 7.6 3.6 3.6 7.6 Material Data
Support 9.4 4.6 4.6 8.6 8.6 4.6 4.6 8.6
37 & 40
Support 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 Charecteristic strength of reinforcement ( f yk ) Table 18.1, IRC 112 MPa 500
Outside 18.1 5.7 5.7 18.4 18.4 5.7 5.7 18.4
24 & 29
Inside 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0
Design value for tensile strength ( f yd = fyk /gs ) Cl 6.2.2, IRC 112 MPa 434.78
23 & 28
Outside 15.6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 Modulus of Elasticity of Steel ( Es ) Cl 6.2.2, IRC 112 GPa 200
Inside 0 0.6 0.6 1.6 1.6 0 0 1.6
22 & 27
Outside
Inside
13.31
0
10
0
10
0
14.9
0
14.9
0
10
0
10
0
14.9
0.0
Charecteristics compressive strength ( fck ) Table 6.5, IRC 112 MPa 30
a Cl 6.4.2.8, IRC 112 0.67
2 - 3 & 8- Support 15.3 3.2 3.2 10.2 10.2 3.2 3.2 10.2
9 Support 3.7 8.3 8.3 13.9 13.9 8.3 8.3 13.9 Concrete material factor ( gm ) Cl 6.4.2.8, IRC 112 1.5
Design value for concrete compressive strength (Clf 6.4.2.8, IRC 112 MPa 13.40
top 24.3 8.6 8.6 15.6 15.6 8.6 8.6 15.6
5& 6
bottom 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete ( Ecm ) Table 6.5, IRC 112 GPa 31
STRESS CHECK RARE CONTD……. CRACK WIDTH CHECK(Top slab Midspan)
Geometric Data
Width of Sla b / Beam ( b ) mm 1000 Crack width Check
Total Depth of Beam ( D ) mm 250
Cover to Reinforcement ( c ) mm 50 Load Data Span
Eff ective depth of beam / Slab ( d ) 250- 50- 12/2 mm 194
Moment(quassi with temp) kN-m 7.6
Area of Reinforcement ( At ) mm2 798
Reinforc ement ( % ) 798*100/( 1000* 250) 0.319 Moment(QP) kN-m 3.6
Stress Check
Moment due to transient loading (Mst) kN-m 4
Material Data
Concrete Cross Sectiona l Area ( Ac ) mm 250000
Perimeter in contac t w ith atmosphere ( u ) mm 1000
Notional Size 500.00 Charecteristic strength of reinforcement ( f yk ) Table 18.1, IRC 112 MPa 500
Fina l Creep Co-efficient of 28 days ( f ) Table 6.9 & RH = 80% 1.670
(M + M st )E partial factor for steel ( gs ) Cl 6.2.2, IRC 112 1.15

E = qp cm
=
M + (1 + j )M Design value for tensile strength ( f yd = fyk /gs ) Cl 6.2.2, IRC 112 MPa 434.78
c, eff
Eff ective Modulus of Ela stic ity of Conc. ( E eff ) st qp MPa 25371
Modular ratio ( m ) 200*1000/25371 7.88
Allow able stress in steel Cl 12.2.2, IRC 11 2 MPa 300
Modulus of Elasticity of Steel ( Es ) Cl 6.2.2, IRC 112 GPa 200
Allow able stress in concrete Cl 12.2.1, IRC 112 MPa 14.40
- As E s + ( A s E s )2 + 2 bA s E s E c ,eff d
dc = Charecteristics compressive strength ( fck ) Table 6.5, IRC 112 MPa 30
bE c ,eff
Position of nutural axis from c omp fac e ( x ) mm 43.52
MOA of c ompression area 1000*(43.52^2)/2 mm2 947155 a Cl 6.4.2.8, IRC 112 0.67
MOA of tension a rea 7.88*798*( 194-43.52) mm2 947155
Diff 0
Concrete material factor ( gm ) Cl 6.4.2.8, IRC 112 1.5
MOI of cracked section 1000*(43.52^3)/ 3+7.88*798*( 194-43.52)^2 170006855 Design value for concrete compressive strength ( fcd =
Stress in tension reinf MPa 189
Sta tus( Total) <300 OK af ck /gm ) Cl 6.4.2.8, IRC 112 MPa 13.40
Stress in concrete MPa 6.94
<14.4 MPa 6.94 Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete ( Ecm ) Table 6.5, IRC 112 GPa 31
Sta tus (Total) linear creep auumed is ok <10.8 OK
CRACK WIDTH CHECK CRACK WIDTH CHECK
Geometric Data Modular ratio ( m ) 200*1000/17308 11.56

Width of Slab / Beam ( b ) mm 1000 Allowable stress in steel Cl 12.2.2, IRC 112 MPa 300
Total Depth of Beam ( D ) mm 250 Allowable stress in concrete Cl 12.2.1, IRC 112 MPa 14.40
-AsEs + (AsEs ) +2bAsEsEc,effd
Cover to Reinforcement ( c ) mm 50 2
Effective depth of beam / Slab ( d ) 250- 50- 12/2 mm 194 dc =
Dia of Reinforcement ( f1 ) 12 bEc,eff
Position of nutural axis from comp face ( x ) mm 51.31
Spacing of Reinforcement ( s ) or mm 240 2
Number of Bar ( n1 ) Nos 4 MOA of compression area 1000*(51.31^2)/2 mm 1316524
2
Dia of Reinforcement ( f2 ) 10 MOA of tension area 11.56*798*( 194-51.31) mm 1316524
Spacing of Reinforcement ( s ) or 240 Diff 0
Number of Bar ( n2) 4 MOI of cracked section 1000*(51.31^3)/3+11.56*798*( 194-51.31)^2 232887301
Area of Reinforcement ( At ) mm2 798
Stress in tension reinf MPa 54
Reinforcement ( % ) 798*100/( 1000* 250) 0.319
Effective area of concrete in tension surrounding
2
the reinforcement, A c,eff = b x hc,eff mm 66228.92
Stress Check
Concrete Cross Sectional Area ( Ac ) 1000* 250 mm 250000 Depth of concrete in tension hc,eff = Min of 2.5(h-d),(h-x)/3,h/2 as per eq 12.7 mm 66.23
Notional Size 500.00
Final Creep Co-efficient of 28 days ( f ) Table 6.9 & RH = 80% 1.670 a e = Es / Ecm 6.45
(M + M )E r r, eff = As/Aceffec 0.0121
E c, eff = qp st cm
=
Effective Modulus of Elasticity of Conc. ( Eeff ) M st
+ (1 + j )M qp MPa 17308 kt = A factor dependent on the duration of the load Cl 12.3.4, IRC 112 0.5
9
CRACK WIDTH CHECK CRACK WIDTH CHECK
Mean value of tensile strength of concrete effective at the time Eq 12.12, IRC 112 (applicable if spacing of
Maximum Crack Spacing, Sr,max = 1.3 x (h - x) = reinforcement> 5(c+f/2) mm 258.29
when the cracks may occur first, fct,eff = fctm (t) Cl 12.3.3, IRC 112
Maximum Crack Spacing, Sr,max = 3.4c + Eq 12.8, IRC 112 (applicable if spacing <
where, f ctm(t) = (bcc(t))a x f ctm (0.425xk1xk2xf )/r r ,eff 5(c+f/2) mm 326.39
and the value of fctm is = Table 6.5, IRC 112 MPa 2.5 k1 = Cl 12.3.4, IRC 112 0.8
where, bcc(t) = e ^ [S x (1 - (28/(t/t1))^0.5] Eq 6.3, IRC 112 k2 = Cl 12.3.4, IRC 112 for bending 0.5
f equivalent = n1(f1)^2+n2(f2)^2/(n1f1+n2f2) mm 11
bcc(t) = Co-eff depending on age "t" and type of cement
Eq 12.11, IRC 112 (applicable for pure
t = Age of concrete in days = 28 Maximum Crack Spacing, Sr,max = 3.4c + 0.17f/r r,eff
bending) mm 326.39
t1 = Eq 6.3, IRC 112 1 Design Crack Spacing, Sr,max = As spacing is <5(c+f/2) Eq 12.8 is applicable mm 326.39
S = Co-efficient depends on type of cement = Eq 6.3, IRC 112 0.25 As per Eq 12.6 of IRC: 112-2011
So, bcc(t) = e ^ [S x (1 - (28/(t/t1))^0.5] 1.0 e sm -e cm = ((ssc - (kt x fct,eff x (1 + ae x r r,eff))/r r,eff))/Es Minimum 0.6*ssc/Es 0.00016
greater of fctm(t) or 2.9 mpa to cater for Crack width ( wk ) Eq 12.5, IRC 112 mm 0.05
f ct,eff = f ctm (t) shrinkage MPa 2.90

Status Table 12.1, IRC 112 < 0.3 OK
DEFLECTION CHECK
WORKSHOP ON CODE OF PRACTICE FOR CONCRETE ROAD BRIDGES IRC:112 – 2011, ORGANISED BY ING-IABSE, 18-19 NOV 2016, MUMBAI
Deflection Check for live load

As per Cl:12.4.2 of IRC 112-2011: cracked moment of inertia is considered as
70% of uncracked moment of inertia
Clear span = 2000 mm
Ec,ef f =Ecm = 31000 N/mm2
Allowable deflection as per 12.4.1 (2) of IRC 112-2011
for vehicular = Span / 800
Allowable deflection = 2.5 mm
From STAAD output

Deflecti Deflecti
Sl.no Description on from Impact on with
STAAD impact
mm mm
1 Max LL Deflection in top slab 0.137 1.25 0.17
Total deflection = 0.2
Factor = 1/0.7
Total deflection = 0.2 Hence OK
58
10

P13 Aditya Sharma Box

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WORKSHOP ON

CODE OF PRACTICE FOR CONCRETE ROAD BRIDGES

Session & Topic of Presentation

Aditya Sharma, Director, Ramboll India

ADITYA SHARMA is presently associated with Ramboll as Director –Highway &

PRIMARY LOADS AND FORCES PRIMARY LOADS….. CONTD

Combinations to be adopted: Combination to be adopted:

Prestress and Secondary (Refer Note 5)

Table No. 2 Table No. 2

Ultimate Limit State Ultimate Limit State

Basic Combination Accidental Seismic Basic Combination Accidental Seismic

Earth pressure due to Back Fill

Table No. 2 Table No. 3

Ultimate Limit State Rare Combination Frequent Semi Permanent

Seismic Effect 1.0 1.0 1.0

Live Load Surcharge (Accompanying Load) 0.80 0 0

Hydraulic Actions (Accompanying Load):

LOAD COMBINATION ULS

ULS Basic Load Combination

5 Earth Pressure at Rest = EP 1 1.0 DL + 1.0 SIDL-1 + 1.0 SIDL-2

1 1.35 DL + 1.35 SIDL-1 + 1.75 SIDL-2

11 Temperature Gradient Fall = TGF

2 1.0 DL + 1.0 SIDL-1 + 1.0 SIDL-2 + 1.2 LLS + 1.0 EP

POINTS REGARDING ULS COMBINATION SLS COMBINATIONS

SLS Rare Combination

SLS Rare Combination with Uniform Temperature Fall as Accompany Load

SLS COMBINATIONS POINTS

•Similar load combinations for Quassi permanent load with appropriate

•Maximum compressive stress in concrete under rare combinations shall

No. of cells = 1.00

Clear Height at outer edge = 2.00 m

Depth of Top Slab = 0.250 m

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS APPLICATION OF LOADS IN STAAD MODEL

ULS MOMENT AND SHEAR SUMMARY Stress – Strain Curves

FORCE SUMMARY (ULS) MATERIAL PROPERTIES OF REINFORCING STEEL & CONCRETE

Live Load Es = 200000 Mpa

Stress – Strain Curves Stress blocks

Modifed Linear stress sreain curve for concrete

Limiting Depth of Neutral axis

e cu2 = 0.0035 Xu ʎXu Compression

eud= 0.0041 0.87fy

Type Span Geometric Data

Load Data Cover to Reinforcement ( c ) mm 50

Strength of the section

DESIGN OF RECT ANGULAR BEAM / SLAB AS PER IRC : 112 - 2011

Load Data Spacing of Reinforcement ( s ) or mm 240

SLS CHECK (STRESS) SLS CHECK (STRESS)

•If stresses in concrete exceeds fctm cracked section properties will be

SLS CHECK (STRESS) BENDING MOMENTS (SLS RARE)

FORCE SUMMARY (SLS)

Mid top 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0

1 E c ,eff - AsEs + ( AsEs ) + 2bAsEsEc,effd

Outside 15.6 0.0 15.6 0 15.6 0 11.7 15.6

STRESS CHECK RARE CONTD……. CRACK WIDTH CHECK(Top slab Midspan)

(M + M st )E partial factor for steel ( gs ) Cl 6.2.2, IRC 112 1.15

CRACK WIDTH CHECK CRACK WIDTH CHECK

Geometric Data Modular ratio ( m ) 200*1000/17308 11.56

f ct,eff = f ctm (t) shrinkage MPa 2.90

Deflection Check for live load

Allowable deflection = 2.5 mm

From STAAD output

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