CPD7 - B1 Lecture Notes - 1 Introduction To Distribution Automation

Competency Training and Certification Program in Electric Power System Engineering
Distribution System Control and Automation
Introduction to Electric Utility

Automation
U. P. NATIONAL ENGINEERING CENTER

NATIONAL ELECTRIFICATION ADMINISTRATION
Introduction to Electric Utility Automation 2
Lecture Outline
1. Recent Challenges in the Power Industry

2. What is Automation?
3. What is Distribution Automation?
1. Distribution Management System (DMS)
2. Distribution Automation System (DAS)
3. Network Control Hierarchy
4. Substation Automation Defined
5. Automation Device Preparedness
4. Why Distribution Automation?
U. P. National Engineering Center Competency Training & Certification Program

National Electrification Administration in Electric Power System Engineering
Recent Challenges in the Power Industry
Change in the business environment:

Deregulation, open access, and privatization
Separation of production, supply, bulk transmission,
delivery, and metering into different businesses
• Caused a significant review of network design and operating

practices and sharpened the focus of utilities
Operation close to stability limits

Performance-based regulation
Requirements for improved reliability
Requirements in Power quality
The need to maximize use and life of assets through
improved monitoring and analysis
Adapt to more complicated control and coordination
requirements
Need to operate with better quality and greater
efficiency and reliability
ANSWER: ELECTRIC UTILITY AUTOMATION

Electric Utility Business Processes

in a Deregulated Environment

Network control and automation will play

an important role in enabling the network
owners to adapt to the changing situation
and opportunities to achieve their
business goals while ensuring adequate
return for the shareholders.

What is Automation?
Describes a wide variety of systems in which there is a significant
substitution of mechanical, electrical, or computerized action for
human effort and intelligence.
In general usage, automation can be defined as a technology

concerned with performing a process by means of programmed
commands combined with automatic feedback control ( control
system) to ensure proper execution of the instructions.
The resulting system is capable of operating without or with limited

human intervention.
In industrial systems, synonymous to mechanization & robotization.

What is Automation?

What is Automation?
Industrial Automation
APPLICATIONS
Process Processing/Control
Batch Processing/Control
Discrete Manufacturing (Factory Automation)
Building Automation
Control of building utilities (electricity, water, gas)
Security and access systems
HVAC and Environmental Monitoring Systems
Transportation Automation
Power Plant Automation (generating plants)
Distribution System or Utilities Automation
Electricity, water and gas distribution
What is Automation?
Some Related Terms and Definitions:
Control/Controller – a device or mechanism installed or
instituted to guide or regulate the activities or
operation of an apparatus, machine, or system.
• Examples: Air-con, Water pump and tank system, AVR
Distributed Control Systems(DCS)
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)
Distribution Management System (DMS)
Energy Management System (EMS)

What is Distribution Automation?

The “DA Concept”
Distribution Automation or the “DA
Concept” simply applies the generic
word of automation to the entire
distribution system operation
It covers the complete range of
functions from protection to SCADA and
associated information technology or
IT applications.

To understand what distribution automation is
all about, we must first identify the conventional
or “manual” distribution system equipment,
operations, functions and services.
Distribution Utility Level Operations/Services
Subtransmission Operations
Substation Operation
Feeder/Line Operations
Customer Services


Network Control Hierarchy

Layer 1: Utility
Enterprise-wide IT, asset management, and energy trading systems.
Layer 2: Network
Bulk power transmission networks, economic dispatch
Layer 3: Substation
Integrated control of all circuit breakers inside the substation
Layer 4: Distribution
Real-time remote control of medium voltage feeder systems.
Layer 5: Consumer
Direct interface with the consumer.

Typical Power Utility

Control Hierarchy


Substation Automation


Has a control room focus
it provides the operator with the best “as operated” view of the
network.
It coordinates all the downstream real-time functions within the
distribution network and the non-real time information needed to
properly control and manage the network on a regular basis.
The key to a DMS is the organization of the distribution network
model database, access to all supporting IT infrastructure, and
applications necessary to populate the model and support the
other daily operating tasks.
A common HMI and process optimized command structure is vital
in providing operators with a facility that allow intuitive and
efficient performance of their tasks.


Courtesy of BENECO http://jcwinnie.biz/wordpress/?p=2212


Basic DMS Functions:
1. Control Room Operations Management (CROM)
• Control room graphics system (CRGS) for network diagram display
• Interface to SCADA (in fully integrated systems, traditional SCADA
is expanded to provide the CROM function)
• Switching job management
• Access to Advance Applications (AdvApps) including TCMs
• Interface to Data Engineering application for DMS data
modifications and input from enterprise IT systems (EIT).
2. Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)
3. Advanced Applications (AdvApps)
4. Outage Management System (OMS)
5. Data Engineering


Distribution Automation System
The DA system fits below the DMS and includes all the
remote-controlled devices at the substation and feeder
levels, the local automation distributed at these
devices, and the communication infrastructure.
Is a subsystem of the DMS essentially covering all
real-time aspects of the downstream network control
process.
Automation - A set of technologies that enable an electric utility
to monitor, coordinate, and operate distribution components in a
real-time mode from remote locations. (*definition from IEEE PES)


What is Distribution Automation

Three modes of distribution automation
Local Automation – switch operation by protection or
local logic-based decision-making operation.
SCADA (Telecontrol) – manually initiated switch
operation by remote control with remote monitoring of
status, indications, alarms, and measurements.
Centralized Automation – automatic switch operation
by remote control from central decision-making for
fault isolation, network configuration, and service
restoration.
Any DA implementation will include at least two of the above.

Automation Decision Tree
Automation
Decision
Tree

Automation Decision Tree

The results of the decision tree in terms of
meeting the basic definition of distribution
automation are as follows:
Switches must have remote-control operation capability.
Decision making is implemented, either locally in intelligent
secondary devices (IEDs), centrally in a DA server, in
combination with both local and central decision making or
through human intervention remotely.
Local operation must be possible either mechanically or by
pushbutton.

Automation Device Preparedness
Automation Infeasible Device (AID)

Automation Prepared Device (APD)
Automation Ready Device (ARD)
Automation Applied Device (AAD)
Automated Distribution System (ADS)

Automated Device Preparedness

Automation Infeasible Device (AID)
a primary device for which it is neither technically or
economically feasible to install an actuator for remote
control.


Automation Prepared Device (APD)
a primary switching device that has been designed
specifically to be automated.

Automation Ready Device (ARD)

An APD with all the necessary control equipment to
allow it to operate in a DA scheme as specified by
customer (i.e. correct protocols for communications
media specified).


Automation Applied Device (AAD)
an ARD with the communications receiver installed and
configured to work in the DA scheme of which it is a
part.


Automated Distribution System (ADS) -
the complete DA system, including the
following:
all intelligent switching devices,
communications infrastructure,
gateways,
integration with central control systems (SCADA), and
the implementation of automation logic.

Why Distribution Automation?
http://www.bplglobal.net/eng/solutions/substation-automation/image.aspx?id=109&width=440&height=337


Reduced O&M Costs
Reduced cost from improved management of
information at the utility layer
From the automatic development of switching plans
with distribution management systems (DMS) at the
network layer
Fast fault location substantially reduces crew travel
time and cost
Reduction of losses by regularly remotely changing the
normally open points (NOP) and dynamically
controlling voltage.


Capacity Project Deferrals
Improved network operating information allows
existing networks to be operated with reduced
margins, thus releasing capacity that would otherwise
be reserved for contingencies.
Real-time loading analysis will allow component life to
be optimized against operational needs.
Automation of open points between substations (load
transfers)


Improved Reliability
Improved outage management
Remote controlled switching devices reduces outage
times


New Customer Services
Remote meter reading
Flexible tariffs
More selectivity and control of consumption


Power Quality
Monitoring and correction of under/over-voltages,
voltage sags and swells, harmonic content
Improved Information for Engineering

and Planning
data required for planning and capex

Acceptance and Application of

Distribution Automation
Initial reluctance to new technology
• Does it really work?
• Is it required?
• Is it worth the investment? (cost-benefit ratio)
Gradual acceptance due to
• Benefits gradually being seen
• Requirements of the new regulatory environment
First applied at the top of the control hierarchy where
integration of multi-functions gains efficiencies across
the entire business.
Implementation of downstream automation systems
requires more justification
usually site specific, being targeted to areas where improved
performance produces measurable benefits



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Competency Training and Certification Program in Electric Power System Engineering

Distribution System Control and Automation

Introduction to Electric Utility

U. P. NATIONAL ENGINEERING CENTER

1. Recent Challenges in the Power Industry

4. Why Distribution Automation?

U. P. National Engineering Center Competency Training & Certification Program

Recent Challenges in the Power Industry

Change in the business environment:

• Caused a significant review of network design and operating

Operation close to stability limits

U. P. National Engineering Center Competency Training & Certification Program

Recent Challenges in the Power Industry

U. P. National Engineering Center Competency Training & Certification Program

Electric Utility Business Processes

U. P. National Engineering Center Competency Training & Certification Program

Recent Challenges in the Power Industry

Network control and automation will play

U. P. National Engineering Center Competency Training & Certification Program

In general usage, automation can be defined as a technology

The resulting system is capable of operating without or with limited

In industrial systems, synonymous to mechanization & robotization.

U. P. National Engineering Center Competency Training & Certification Program

U. P. National Engineering Center Competency Training & Certification Program

What is Distribution Automation?

What is Distribution Automation?

U. P. National Engineering Center Competency Training & Certification Program

U. P. National Engineering Center Competency Training & Certification Program

Network Control Hierarchy

U. P. National Engineering Center Competency Training & Certification Program

Typical Power Utility

U. P. National Engineering Center Competency Training & Certification Program

What is Distribution Automation?

U. P. National Engineering Center Competency Training & Certification Program

What is Distribution Automation?

U. P. National Engineering Center Competency Training & Certification Program

What is Distribution Automation?

Courtesy of BENECO http://jcwinnie.biz/wordpress/?p=2212

U. P. National Engineering Center Competency Training & Certification Program

What is Distribution Automation?

U. P. National Engineering Center Competency Training & Certification Program

What is Distribution Automation?

U. P. National Engineering Center Competency Training & Certification Program

What is Distribution Automation?

U. P. National Engineering Center Competency Training & Certification Program

What is Distribution Automation

U. P. National Engineering Center Competency Training & Certification Program

Automation Decision Tree

U. P. National Engineering Center Competency Training & Certification Program

Automation Decision Tree

U. P. National Engineering Center Competency Training & Certification Program

Automation Device Preparedness

Automation Infeasible Device (AID)

U. P. National Engineering Center Competency Training & Certification Program

Automated Device Preparedness

U. P. National Engineering Center Competency Training & Certification Program

Automated Device Preparedness

U. P. National Engineering Center Competency Training & Certification Program

Automated Device Preparedness

Automation Ready Device (ARD)

U. P. National Engineering Center Competency Training & Certification Program

Automated Device Preparedness