Professional Documents
Culture Documents
I1758s02 PDF
I1758s02 PDF
I1758s02 PDF
/RVERVTXHVODVSHUVRQDV\ODYLGDVLOYHVWUH
UHWRVSDUDXQIXWXURFRP~Q
(.DHVOLQ\':LOOLDPVRQ
7PCXKUKÎPFGEQPLWPVQFGNCU
.
QU DQUSWGU CFGO¶U FG RTQRQT FGNCXKFCUKNXGUVTGEQPGNQDLGVQFGSWG
EWGUVKQPGUXKPEWNCFCUEQPNC EKQPCT OCFGTC [ QVTQU RTQFWEVQU NQUVTGURWGFCPTGEKDKTDGPGHKEKQU
EQPUGTXCEKÎPSWGCHGEVCPCNC XGIGVCNGUFGNQUEWCNGUUGQDVKGPGP
DWGPCEQGZKUVGPEKCGPVTGNQU CNKOGPVQU OCVGTKCNGU FG EQPUVTWEEKÎP G #/'0#<#537'5'%+¤'051$4'
DQUSWGUNCURGTUQPCU[NCXKFC KPITGUQU [ UGTXKEKQU GEQUKUVÃOKEQU VCNGU .15$1537'5;.#8++.8'564'
UKNXGUVTG EQOQGNCIWCFWNEGNCRTQVGEEKÎPFGNUWGNQ (14'56#.
[ NC TGIWNCEKÎP FGN ENKOC UQP VCODKÃP 2GUG C UW XCNQT ōQ C OGPWFQ C ECWUC
J¶DKVCVU KORQTVCPVGU RCTC NC XKFC UKNXGU FGÃNōKPENWUQNQUDQUSWGU[NCHNQTC[
VTG #UKOKUOQ NC HNQTC [ HCWPC UKNXGUVTG HCWPCRTQVGIKFQUGPHTGPVCPWPITCPPÕOGTQ
GU RTQXGGFQTC VCPVQ FG RTQFWEVQU
RQT FGXCTKCFCUCOGPC\CUFGQTKIGPJWOCPQ
GLGORNQ OKGN ECTPG FG EC\C G KPENWUQ 'PVTGÃUVCUECDGOGPEKQPCT
KPUGEVQUEQOGUVKDNGU=XÃCUGGNCTVÈEWNQFG Ŗ NCEQPXGTUKÎPFGNCUVKGTTCUHQTGUVCNGU
8CPVQOOGGPGUVGPÕOGTQ?EQOQFGUGT GPVKGTTCUFGFKECFCUCNCCITKEWNVWTC
XKEKQUGEQUKUVÃOKEQU
RQTGLGORNQRQNKPK Ŗ GNUQDTGRCUVQTGQFGNQUVGTTGPQUDQU
\CEKÎP[FKUGOKPCEKÎPFGUGOKNNCU,WPVQU EQUQU
NQUDQUSWGU[NCXKFCUKNXGUVTGUQPNCDCUG Ŗ NCEQUGEJCQTGEQNGEEKÎPKPUQUVGPKDNGU
FGCEVKXKFCFGUEQOGTEKCNGU[QTGETGCVKXCU FGOCFGTCNGÌC[RTQFWEVQUHQTGUVCNGU
EQOQNCEC\CNCHQVQITCHÈCNCUGZEWTUKQPGU PQOCFGTGTQU
[ NC QDUGTXCEKÎP FG CXGU .QU DKGPGU [ Ŗ NCEC\CGZEGUKXC
UGTXKEKQU UWOKPKUVTCFQU RQT NQU DQUSWGU Ŗ GNEQOGTEKQKNGICNFGRNCPVCU[CPKOCNGU
[NCHNQTC[HCWPCHQTGUVCNGUUGXCNQTCPC UKNXGUVTGU
GUECNC OWPFKCN GP OKNGU FG OKNNQPGU FG Ŗ NC QEWRCEKÎP RQT CUGPVCOKGPVQU JW
FÎNCTGU#GUVQUGUWOCUWXCNQTEWNVWTCN OCPQU
'FICT-CGUNKPGU1ſEKCNFGXKFCUKNXGUVTG [GURKTKVWCNSWGPQGUH¶EKNOGPVGEWCPVK
FGNC&KXKUKÎPFG'XCNWCEKÎP1TFGPCEKÎP[
%QPUGTXCEKÎP(QTGUVCNGU&GRCTVCOGPVQ(QTGUVCN HKECDNGGPVÃTOKPQUOQPGVCTKQU .QUDQUSWGU[NCXKFCUKNXGUVTG
QHTGEGPCNCURGTUQPCUPQ
FGNC(#14QOC 'UVGCTVÈEWNQTGUWOGCNIWPCUFGNCURTKP
UQNQRTQFWEVQU[UGTXKEKQU
&QWINCU9KNNKCOUQPGUEQPUWNVQTTCFKECFQGP EKRCNGUEWGUVKQPGU[FGUCHÈQUSWGJC[SWG GEQUKUVÃOKEQUUKPQVCODKÃP
%CODTKFIG
4GKPQ7PKFQ[JCUKFQ1ſEKCNFG
XKFCUKNXGUVTGFGN&GRCTVCOGPVQ(QTGUVCNFGNC VGPGTGPEWGPVCCNNNGXCTCECDQNCQTFGPC CEVKXKFCFGUTGETGCVKXCUVCNGU
EQOQGNVWTKUOQFGPCVWTCNG\C
(#1JCUVCUWLWDKNCEKÎPGP EKÎP FGNQUDQUSWGUFGNQUKPFKXKFWQU[
NCHQVQITCHÈCNCUGZEWTUKQPGU[
NCQDUGTXCEKÎPFGCXGU
)$2)2.6+212
)$2)2$3(5/,6
8QDV\OYD9RO
.CHCWPCUKNXGUVTGSWG SWGRGTOKVGGUVKOCTGNÃZKVQFGNCUOGFKFCU
UGEQUGEJCRCTCNC
FG EQPUGTXCEKÎP
5CNCHUM[ [ /CTIQNWKU
QDVGPEKÎPFGECTPG
KPENW[GCNIWPQU 'P GUGPEKC OGFKCPVG GUVG KPUVTW
TGRVKNGUEQOQGUVC OGPVQUGTGEQPQEGPNQURGNKITQUSWGEQTTG
KIWCPCCOGTKECPC
WPCFGVGTOKPCFC¶TGCFGEQPUGTXCEKÎPUG
EQOGUVKDNG
GNCDQTCPTGURWGUVCUCGUVCUCOGPC\CU[UG
JCEGWPUGIWKOKGPVQFGNITCFQGPSWGNCU
TGURWGUVCUJCPRQFKFQUWTVKTGHGEVQ
751':%'5+81;%1/'4%+1
&'4'%745155+.8'564'5Ō
'.5 0&41/'&'.$1537'8#% 1
)$2&)8
&GNCUOWEJCUCOGPC\CUSWGGPHTGPVCGP
VQFQGNOWPFQGPFGUCTTQNNQNCXKFCUKNXGUVTG
HQTGUVCNPKPIWPCJCVGPKFQTGRGTEWUKQPGU
Ŗ NCRTGUKÎPGLGTEKFCRQTGNVWTKUOQ[NCU VKGTTCNCECTGPEKCFGECRCEKFCFEKGPVÈHKEC VCPITCXGUEQOQNCEC\C[ECRVWTCKPUQUVGPK
CEVKXKFCFGUTGETGCVKXCU [VÃEPKECNCFGWFCKPVGTPCEKQPCNNCUFGU DNGU[PQTGINCOGPVCFCUCOGPWFQKNGICNGU
Ŗ NCOKPGTÈC[NCGZVTCEEKÎPFGEQODWU KIWCNFCFGUGEQPÎOKECU[UQEKCNGUKPENWKFC EQPRTQRÎUKVQUFGEQOGTEKQFGQTICPKUOQU
VKDNGUHÎUKNGU NCFGUKIWCNFCFFGIÃPGTQ[NQUEQPHNKEVQU [RTQFWEVQUUKNXGUVTGUKPENWKFQGNEQOGTEKQ
Ŗ NQUKPEGPFKQUHQTGUVCNGU [NCIWGTTC FGOCUEQVCU'PVTGNQUCPKOCNGUUKNXGUVTGU
.C7PKÎP+PVGTPCEKQPCNRCTCNC%QPUGTXC 'UVCUFKP¶OKECUHQTOCPGNVGNÎPFGHQPFQ HQTGUVCNGUSWGUGECRVWTCP[PGIQEKCPEQOQ
EKÎPFGNC0CVWTCNG\C
7+%0FGHKPG RCTC EWCNSWKGT CEEKÎP FGUVKPCFC C JCEGT OCUEQVCUGUV¶PNQUOCOÈHGTQUCXGURGEGU
VTGUECVGIQTÈCUFGCOGPC\CUGPNCU¶TGCU HTGPVG C NCU COGPC\CU SWG RGUCP UQDTG CPHKDKQU TGRVKNGU
RQT GLGORNQ VQTVWICU
RTQVGIKFCU NQUDQUSWGU[NCU¶TGCURTQVGIKFCUHQTGU VGTTGUVTGU[NCICTVQUGKPENWUQCTCÌCU
RQT
Ŗ NCTGOQEKÎPFGWPÕPKEQGNGOGPVQFG VCNGU 'N NWICT EGPVTCN SWG QEWRCP GP GN GLGORNQVCT¶PVWNCU'PVTGNQURTQFWEVQUFG
WP¶TGCRTQVGIKFCUKPSWGNCGUVTWEVWTC RGPUCOKGPVQFGNQUEQPUGTXCEKQPKUVCUGUV¶ XKFCUKNXGUVTGGUV¶PNCECTPGFGEC\C[CNIW
XGIGVCNIGPGTCNUWHTCCNVGTCEKQPGURQT TGHNGLCFQGPNC'XCNWCEKÎPFGNCTGFWEEKÎP PCUOCVGTKCUFGITCPXCNQTEQOQGNOCTHKN
GLGORNQNCEC\CFGCPKOCNGURCTCGN FGCOGPC\CUWPOÃVQFQUKORNG[RT¶EVKEQ NQUEWGTPQUFGTKPQEGTQPVG[NQUJWGUQUFG
EQOGTEKQFGNCECTPGQNCGZVTCEEKÎP
FG GURGEKGU OCFGTGTCU FG ITCP XCNQT
[ RNCPVCU QTPCOGPVCNGU KORQTVCPVGU %QPUKFGTCEKQPGUÃVKECUTGNCEKQPCFCUEQPNCQTFGPCEKÎP
FGUFGGNRWPVQFGXKUVCEQOGTEKCN [EQPUGTXCEKÎPFGNQUDQUSWGU[NCXKFCUKNXGUVTG
Ŗ GN GORQDTGEKOKGPVQ GEQNÎIKEQ IGPG
TCN FG WP ¶TGC RTQVGIKFC FGDKFQ RQT ,GTGO[$GPVJCO
ſNÎUQHQ[TGHQTOCFQTLWTÈFKEQ[UQEKCNKPINÃU[WPQFGNQURTK
GLGORNQCNCEC\CHWTVKXCGNVWTKUOQ OGTQUFGHGPUQTGUFGNQUFGTGEJQUFGNQUCPKOCNGUHQTOWNÎGNETKVGTKQSWGRGTOKVGFGVGTOKPCT
[NCUCEVKXKFCFGUTGETGCVKXCUPQTGINC EW¶NGUUQPNQUKPFKXKFWQUEW[QUFGTGEJQUGUOGPGUVGTVQOCTGPEQPUKFGTCEKÎPCSWGNNQUSWG
OGPVCFCUQNQUCUGPVCOKGPVQUJWOCPQU GUV¶PFQVCFQUFGNCECRCEKFCFFGUGPVKTUWHTKOKGPVQ5KPIGT
GZRTGUÎGUVGXCNQTÃVKEQGP
KPXCUKXQU NQUVÃTOKPQUUKIWKGPVGU
Ŗ NCEQPXGTUKÎP[FGITCFCEKÎPGPITCP .CECRCEKFCFFGGZRGTKOGPVCTUWHTKOKGPVQ[FKUHTWVGGU
ŗWPCEQPFKEKÎPPQ
GUECNC CVTKDWKDNGU RQT GLGORNQ C NC UQNQPGEGUCTKCUKPQCUKOKUOQUWHKEKGPVGRCTCSWGRQFCOQUCHKTOCTSWGWPUGT
TGOQEKÎP FG NC EWDKGTVC HQTGUVCN CN OCPKHKGUVC KPVGTGUGU [ SWG NC GZRTGUKÎP GNGOGPVCN FG ÃUVQU GU UW FGUGQ FG PQ
FGUXÈQFGWPCECTTGVGTCSWGFGDGETW\CT RCFGEGTUWHTKOKGPVQ
ŗ2QTNQVCPVQGNNÈOKVGFGOCTECFQRQTUWUGPUKDKNKFCF
GN ¶TGC RTQVGIKFC Q NC TGCNK\CEKÎP FG
ŗ NC ECRCEKFCF FG UGPVKT UWHTKOKGPVQ [Q GZRGTKOGPVCT FKUHTWVG GU GN ÕPKEQ
QRGTCEKQPGUOKPGTCU EQPHÈPFGHGPFKDNGGPTGNCEKÎPEQPNCRTGQEWRCEKÎPSWGFGURKGTVCPGPPQUQVTQU
&QU UQP NQU RTKPEKRCNGU OQVQTGU SWG NQUKPVGTGUGUFGNQUFGO¶U
FGVGTOKPCP GUVCU COGPC\CU GN CWOGPVQ 'PVTGNQUCPKOCNGUCHGEVCFQURQTNCUCEVKXKFCFGUJWOCPCUGPNQUGEQUKUVGOCUVGTTGUVTGU
FGNQUEQPUWOQUFGNCURQDNCEKQPGUTKECU NQU O¶U GUVTGEJCOGPVG GORCTGPVCFQU EQP GN JQODTG ōNCU GURGEKGU CNVCOGPVG UQEKCDNGU
SWG GUVKOWNC NC RTQFWEEKÎP CITÈEQNC G FGCDWPFCPVGOCUCEGTGDTCNVCNGUEQOQNQUDQPQDQUEJKORCPEÃUIQTKNCUQTCPIWVCPGU[
KPFWUVTKCNNCGZVTCEEKÎPFGTGEWTUQU[GN GNGHCPVGUōUQPNQUSWGGZRGTKOGPVCPHQTOCUFGUWHTKOKGPVQH¶EKNOGPVGEQORTGPUKDNGURQT
VWTKUOQ[NCRQDTG\CSWGETGCPGEGUKFCFGU CSWÃN0ÎVGUGSWGNQUDQPQDQU[EJKORCPEÃUEQORCTVGPEQPGNUGTJWOCPQCRTQZKOCFCOGPVG
GPEWCPVQCVKGTTCU[TGEWTUQUGPGURGEKCN GNRQTEKGPVQFGN&0#
GPNQURCÈUGUGPFGUCTTQNNQ 2CTCNQUCPKOCNGUSWGNQRCFGEGPGNUWHTKOKGPVQPQGUWPCEWGUVKÎPſNQUÎſECCDUVTCEVC
'UVQUHCEVQTGUUGTGNCEKQPCPCUWXG\EQP UKPQWPCFWTCTGCNKFCFHÈUKEC2QTEQPUKIWKGPVGGUPGEGUCTKQSWGUWUKPVGTGUGUUGCPVQOC
NCGZRCPUKÎPFGOQIT¶HKECGNETGEKOKGPVQ FQUGPEWGPVC'NOQFQGPSWGGUVQFGDCUGTNNGXCFQCECDQGUWPCUWPVQKORQTVCPVGRCTC
GEQPÎOKEQNQUKPVGTECODKQUEQOGTEKCNGU EQPUGTXCEKQPKUVCU[IGUVQTGUHQTGUVCNGU[FGNCXKFCUKNXGUVTG'PWPOWPFQTGURQPUCDNGNC
[GNFGUCTTQNNQNCUEWGUVKQPGULWTÈFKECU[ TGURWGUVCQDXKCEQPUKUVKTÈCGPSWGNCUEQPUKFGTCEKQPGUÃVKECUHQTOCUGPRCTVGFGNCRNCPKſEC
FG IQDGTPCP\C EQORTGPFKFC NC EQTTWR EKÎP[QTFGPCEKÎPIGPGTCNFGNCUCEVKXKFCFGUJWOCPCU
EKÎPNCKPUGIWTKFCF FG NC VGPGPEKC FG NC
8QDV\OYD9RO
%QEQFTKNQURCTCNC QTKGPVCN[UWFQTKGPVCNGPNQSWGTGURGEVCC
XGPVCGPWPOGTECFQ
NCEQPUGTXCEKÎP[GNFGUCTTQNNQRWGUCNNÈ
FGRGUECFQGP
$TC\\CXKNNG
%QPIQ NC UGXGTKFCF FGN RTQDNGOC GUV¶ TGNCEKQ
PCFCEQPNCGNGXCFCFGPUKFCFFGOQIT¶HKEC
WPCNCTICVTCFKEKÎPFGEQPUWOQOGFKEKPCN
FGRTQFWEVQUUKNXGUVTGU
RQTGLGORNQNQU
JWGUQU FG VKITG RCTC EWTCT NC CTVTKVKU NC
DKNKUFGUGTRKGPVGEQOQVÎPKEQ[WPETG
EKOKGPVQ GEQPÎOKEQ UWOCOGPVG T¶RKFQ
'P8KGV0COGPNQUÕNVKOQUCÌQU
GURGEKGUFGITCPFGUCPKOCNGUUGJCPGZVKP
IWKFQQJCPNNGICFQCGUVCTXKTVWCNOGPVG
':,//,$0621
8QDV\OYD9RO
DTQUFGNC%+6'5CPKOCNGURNCPVCU[RTQ
FWEVQUFGTKXCFQUGZÎVKEQUEQTTKGPFQRQEQU
TKGUIQUFGUGTRTQEGUCFQU2QTGLGORNQUG
JCECNEWNCFQSWGCNTGFGFQTFGVQPGNCFCU
FGECTPGFGEC\CUGRCUCPFGEQPVTCDCPFQ
VQFCUNCUUGOCPCUGPGSWKRCLGURGTUQPCNGU
CVTCXÃUFGNCGTQRWGTVQRCTKUKGPUG%JCTNGU
FG)CWNNG
(TCPEKCPQUQNQRCTCEQPUWOQ
RTKXCFQ UKPQ EQOQ RCTVG FG WP NWETCVKXQ
8QDV\OYD9RO
8QDV\OYD9RO
RQUKDKNKFCFGUFGKPITGUQU[GORNGQU
XÃCUG NGUQRGTCFQTGUFGJQVGNGU[TGUVCWTCFQTGU GPVTGVWTKUVCU[NWICTGÌQUSWGRWGFGPFCT
GN4GEWCFTQKPHGTKQTGPNCR¶I HCDTKECPVGUNQECNGUFGCNKOGPVQUCTVGUCPQU NWICTCCEVQUFGGZRNQVCEKÎP[CEVKVWFGUFG
.C 5QEKGFCF +PVGTPCEKQPCN FG 'EQVW [ RTQFWEVQTGU NWICTGÌQU FG EWTKQUKFCFGU KPFKHGTGPEKCCPVGNCUPGEGUKFCFGU[RTGQEW
TKUOQ
YYYGEQVQWTKUOQTI FGHKPG GN RCTC VWTKUVCU IWÈCU VWTÈUVKECU NQECNGU [ RCEKQPGUFGNQUUGIWPFQU
GEQVWTKUOQEQOQnWPXKCLGTGURQPUCDNGC RGTUQPCU[GORTGUCUSWGVTCDCLCPGPNQU 'NVWTKUOQRWGFGQTKIKPCTOWEJCUHQTOCU
¶TGCUPCVWTCNGUSWGEQPUGTXCPGNCODKGPVG VTCPURQTVGU
FGUFGEQORCÌÈCUCÃTGCUPCEKQ FGFCÌQUCNCODKGPVGRNCPVCU[CPKOCNGU
[ OGLQTCP GN DKGPGUVCT FG NC RQDNCEKÎP PCNGUGKPVGTPCEKQPCNGUJCUVCEQPFWEVQTGU RQTKIWCNRQTGLGORNQNCRGTVWTDCEKÎPFG
NQECN'NGEQVWTKUOQRWGFGFKUVKPIWKTUG NQECNGUUKPQNXKFCTNQUVWTKUVCUPCEKQPCNGU NQUGEQUKUVGOCUCECWUCFGNCEQPUVTWEEKÎP
FGN IGPÃTKEQ VWTKUOQ FG PCVWTCNG\C RQT GKPVGTPCEKQPCNGUSWGUGDGPGHKEKCPEQPGN FGKPHTCGUVTWEVWTCUNCGTQUKÎPFGNUWGNQNC
SWGJCEGJKPECRKÃGPNCEQPUGTXCEKÎPNC XCNQTKPVTÈPUGEQFGNCGZRGTKGPEKCHQTGUVCN FGITCFCEKÎPFGNJ¶DKVCVNCEQPVCOKPCEKÎP
GFWECEKÎPNCTGURQPUCDKNKFCFFGNXKCLGTQ 0QQDUVCPVGGNGEQVWTKUOQGPVTCÌCVCO FGNCIWCOQNGUVKCUNGUKQPGU[EQPVCIKQU
[NCRCTVKEKRCEKÎPCEVKXCFGNCEQOWPKFCF DKÃPEQUVQUFGÈPFQNGGEQPÎOKECUQEKCN EQPRCVÎIGPQU[GPHGTOGFCFGURQVGPEKCN
'NGEQVWTKUOQEQPVGORQT¶PGQCDCTECWPC [CODKGPVCN OGPVGFCÌKPCU
ITCPFKXGTUKFCFFGGZRGTKGPEKCUSWGXCP .QU EQUVQU GEQPÎOKEQU RTQXKGPGP FGN 'UV¶GHGEVKXCOGPVGGPGNEGPVTQFGNEQP
FGNQUUCHCTKUFGNWLQRCTCCOCPVGUFGNC CWOGPVQFGNCFGOCPFCōFGDKFCCNCRTG EGRVQFGGEQVWTKUOQGNSWGGUVQUKORCEVQU
PCVWTCNG\CCEQOQFCFQUEQPCNQLCOKGPVQ UGPEKCFGWPITCPPÕOGTQFGXKUKVCPVGUōFG RGTLWFKEKCNGU FGDCP UGT GXKVCFQU 5K NCU
FG UWPVWQUQ [ XKUKVCU C NQU CPKOCNGU FG UGTXKEKQURÕDNKEQUCORNKCFQUVCNGUEQOQ CEVKXKFCFGUFGNVWTKUOQFGPCVWTCNG\CPQ
ECEGTÈC GP XGJÈEWNQU OQVQTK\CFQU C NCU ECTTGVGTCUGKPHTCGUVTWEVWTCUCPKVCTKC[FG UGDCUCPGPNQUUKIWKGPVGURTKPEKRKQUÃUVCU
GZEWTUKQPGURQTNWICTGUUCNXCLGUSWGGZK UGIWTKFCF'NEQUVQFGNCQTFGPCEKÎPFGNCU PQRWGFGPECNKHKECTUGEQOQGEQVWTÈUVKECU
IGPFGNQURCTVKEKRCPVGUFGURNC\CTUGCRKG ¶TGCURTQVGIKFCUVCODKÃPRWGFGKPETGOGP Ŗ WPEQORQTVCOKGPVQFGNXKUKVCPVGFKNK
RQTUGPFCUCEEKFGPVCFCU[FQTOKTUQDTGGN VCTUGFGTGUWNVCUFGNCPGEGUKFCFFGRTQRQT IGPVG[FGDCLQKORCEVQ
UWGNQGPECTRCURGSWGÌCU EKQPCTUGTXKEKQU[OCPGLCT[EQPVTQNCTNCU Ŗ WPCCEVKVWFUGPUKDNG[CRTGEKCVKXCFG
'CINGU/E%QQN[*C[PGU
FGUETK CEVKXKFCFGUVWTÈUVKECURGTQGUGPIGPGTCN NCEWNVWTC[NCDKQFKXGTUKFCFNQECNGU
DGPVTGUITWRQUFGDGPGHKEKQURQVGPEKCNGU EQORGPUCFQRQTGNEQDTQFGGPVTCFCUGP Ŗ GNCRQ[QFGNQUGUHWGT\QUFGEQPUGT
SWGFGTKXCPFGNGEQVWTKUOQ NQURCTSWGU[NCUQRQTVWPKFCFGUCFKEKQPCNGU XCEKÎPNQECNGU
Ŗ OC[QTGUQRQTVWPKFCFGUGEQPÎOKECU FGKPITGUQU Ŗ NCETGCEKÎPFGDGPGHKEKQUUQUVGPKDNGU
RQTGLGORNQOGFKCPVGGNCWOGPVQFGN .QUEQUVQUUQEKCNGUUWTIGPRQTGLGORNQ RCTCNCUEQOWPKFCFGUNQECNGU
GORNGQ [ NQU KPITGUQU [ NC OWNVKRNK FGN GZEGUKXQ PÕOGTQ FG XKUKVCPVGU SWG Ŗ NCRCTVKEKRCEKÎPFGNQUNWICTGÌQUGPNC
ECEKÎP FG NCU QECUKQPGU EQOGTEKCNGU KPVGTHKGTGPEQPNCUCEVKXKFCFGUNQECNGUNC VQOCFGFGEKUKQPGU
RCTC NQU RTQXGGFQTGU NQECNGU NC OC KPUWHKEKGPVGCVGPEKÎPCNCUPGEGUKFCFGU[ Ŗ NCGFWECEKÎPVCPVQFGNQUXKCLGTQUEQOQ
PWHCEVWTCFGOGTECPEÈCUGPGNNWICT NCGUECUCXCNQTCEKÎPFGNCRCTVKEKRCEKÎPFG FGNCUEQOWPKFCFGUNQECNGU
NQUPWGXQUOGTECFQU[NCGPVTCFCFG NCURGTUQPCUFGNCNQECNKFCFRQTRCTVGFG 0KPIWPQ FG NQU RTQDNGOCU CTTKDC OGP
FKXKUCUNCOGLQTCFGNCUEQPFKEKQPGU IQDKGTPQUSWGFCPRTKQTKFCFCNCUICPCPEKCU EKQPCFQUGUKPUWRGTCDNG[EQTTGEVCOGPVG
FGXKFCNCTGECWFCEKÎPVTKDWVCTKCNC GEQPÎOKECU C DTGXG RNC\Q RTQXGPKGPVGU RNCPKHKECFQ [ OCPGLCFQ GN GEQVWTKUOQ
CFSWKUKEKÎPFGRGTKEKCUFKUVKPVCU[NC FG NC RTGUGPEKC FG VWTKUVCU NC PGICEKÎP
HKPCPEKCEKÎPFGNCU¶TGCURTQVGIKFCU[ 'NGEQVWTKUOQEQPVGORQT¶PGQ
FGCEEGUQCTGEWTUQUFGITCPKORQTVCPEKC
EQORTGPFGWPCXCTKGFCFFG
GPDGPGHKEKQFGNCUEQOWPKFCFGU RCTCNCRQDNCEKÎPNQECNUKVWCFQUGP¶TGCU GZRGTKGPEKCUSWGXCPFGNQU
Ŗ RTQVGEEKÎPFGNRCVTKOQPKQPCVWTCN[ VTCFKEKQPCNOGPVG RTQVGIKFCU [ NCU RTQ UCHCTKUFGNWLQCNCUGZEWTUKQPGU
EWNVWTCNITCEKCUCNCEQPUGTXCEKÎPFG RQT\QPCUUKNXGUVTGU
HWPFCU FKHGTGPEKCU GP EWCPVQ C TKSWG\C
GUECTRCFCUGPNCKOCIGPWP
NCDKQFKXGTUKFCFIGPÃVKECFGGURGEKGU UCHCTKCECDCNNQGP$QVUYCPC
[GEQUKUVGOCUNCXCNQTCEKÎPFGNCDKQ
FKXGTUKFCFNCFKHWUKÎPFGNQUXCNQTGU
FGNCEQPUGTXCEKÎP[NCEQPUKIWKGPVG
EQPVTKDWEKÎPCNCHKPCPEKCEKÎPFGNCU
¶TGCURTQVGIKFCU
Ŗ OGLQTCFGNCECNKFCFFGXKFCOGFKCPVG
NC RTQOQEKÎP FG NQU XCNQTGU GUVÃVK
EQUÃVKEQU[GURKTKVWCNGUNCGFWECEKÎP
OGFKQCODKGPVCNNCOGLQTCFGNGPVGP
FKOKGPVQKPVGTEWNVWTCNGNFGUCTTQNNQFG
NCUCTVGU[QHKEKQU[NCGNGXCEKÎPFGN
PKXGNFGKPUVTWEEKÎPFGNCURGTUQPCUFG
NCNQECNKFCFNQSWGNCUC[WFCCXCNQTCT
UWRTQRKCEWNVWTC[GPVQTPQ
'NGEQVWTKUOQIGPGTCUKPNWICTCFWFCU
DGPGHKEKQU RCTC WP CORNKQ GURGEVTQ FG
0:,/.,(
RCTVGUKPVGTGUCFCURQTGLGORNQCIGPEKCU
GEQVWTÈUVKECU PCEKQPCNGU G KPVGTPCEKQPC
8QDV\OYD9RO
8QDV\OYD9RO
8QDV\OYD9RO