DERIVATIVES AND INTEGRALS

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Basic Differentiation Rules

d d d
1. 关cu兴 ⫽ cu⬘ 2. 关u ± v兴 ⫽ u⬘ ± v⬘ 3. 关uv兴 ⫽ uv⬘ ⫹ vu⬘
dx dx dx

4.
d u
dx v冤冥 ⫽
vu⬘ ⫺ uv⬘
v2
5.
d
dx
关c兴 ⫽ 0 6.
d n
dx
关u 兴 ⫽ nu n⫺1u⬘
d d u d u⬘
dx ⱍ ⱍ
7. 关x兴 ⫽ 1 8. 关u兴⫽ 共u⬘ 兲, u ⫽ 0 9. 关ln u兴 ⫽
dx ⱍⱍ
u dx u
d u d u⬘ d u
10. 关e 兴 ⫽ eu u⬘ 11. 关loga u兴 ⫽ 12. 关a 兴 ⫽ 共ln a兲au u⬘
dx dx 共ln a兲u dx
d d d
13. 关sin u兴 ⫽ 共cos u兲u⬘ 14. 关cos u兴 ⫽ ⫺ 共sin u兲u⬘ 15. 关tan u兴 ⫽ 共sec2 u兲u⬘
dx dx dx
d d d
16. 关cot u兴 ⫽ ⫺ 共csc2 u兲u⬘ 17. 关sec u兴 ⫽ 共sec u tan u兲u⬘ 18. 关csc u兴 ⫽ ⫺ 共csc u cot u兲u⬘
dx dx dx
d u⬘ d ⫺u⬘ d u⬘
19. 关arcsin u兴 ⫽ 20. 关arccos u兴 ⫽ 21. 关arctan u兴 ⫽
dx 冪1 ⫺ u2 dx 冪1 ⫺ u2 dx 1 ⫹ u2
d ⫺u⬘ d u⬘ d ⫺u⬘
22. 关arccot u兴 ⫽ 23. 关arcsec u兴 ⫽ 24. 关arccsc u兴 ⫽
dx 1 ⫹ u2 dx ⱍ ⱍ u2 ⫺ 1
u 冪 dx ⱍ ⱍ u2 ⫺ 1
u 冪
d d d
25. 关sinh u兴 ⫽ 共cosh u兲u⬘ 26. 关cosh u兴 ⫽ 共sinh u兲u⬘ 27. 关tanh u兴 ⫽ 共sech2 u兲u⬘
dx dx dx
d d d
28. 关coth u兴 ⫽ ⫺ 共csch2 u兲u⬘ 29. 关sech u兴 ⫽ ⫺ 共sech u tanh u兲u⬘ 30. 关csch u兴 ⫽ ⫺ 共csch u coth u兲u⬘
dx dx dx
d u⬘ d u⬘ d u⬘
31. 关sinh⫺1 u兴 ⫽ 32. 关cosh⫺1 u兴 ⫽ 33. 关tanh⫺1 u兴 ⫽
dx 冪u2 ⫹ 1 dx 冪u2 ⫺ 1 dx 1 ⫺ u2
d u⬘ d ⫺u⬘ d ⫺u⬘
34. 关coth⫺1 u兴 ⫽ 35. 关sech⫺1 u兴 ⫽ 36. 关csch⫺1 u兴 ⫽
dx 1 ⫺ u2 dx u冪1 ⫺ u2 dx ⱍuⱍ 1 ⫹ u2
冪

Basic Integration Formulas

1. 冕 冕
kf 共u兲 du ⫽ k f 共u兲 du 2. 冕关 f 共u兲 ± g共u兲兴 du ⫽ 冕f 共u兲 du ± 冕
g共u兲 du

3. 冕du ⫽ u ⫹ C 4. 冕au du ⫽ 冢ln1a冣au ⫹C

5. 冕eu du ⫽ eu ⫹ C 6. 冕sin u du ⫽ ⫺cos u ⫹ C

7. 冕cos u du ⫽ sin u ⫹ C 8. 冕tan u du ⫽ ⫺lnⱍcos uⱍ ⫹ C

9. 冕cot u du ⫽ lnⱍsin uⱍ ⫹ C 10. 冕sec u du ⫽ lnⱍsec u ⫹ tan uⱍ ⫹ C

11. 冕csc u du ⫽ ⫺lnⱍcsc u ⫹ cot uⱍ ⫹ C 12. 冕sec2 u du ⫽ tan u ⫹ C

13. 冕csc2 u du ⫽ ⫺cot u ⫹ C 14. 冕sec u tan u du ⫽ sec u ⫹ C

15. 冕csc u cot u du ⫽ ⫺csc u ⫹ C 16. 冕 du

冪a2 ⫺ u2
u
a
⫹C
⫽ arcsin

17. 冕 du 1 u
⫽ arctan ⫹ C
a 2 ⫹ u2 a a
18. 冕 du
⫽ arcsec ⱍ ⱍ ⫹ C
1
u冪u2 ⫺ a2 a
u
a

© Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning

Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning, Inc. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part.
 TRIGONOMETRY

Definition of the Six Trigonometric Functions

Right triangle definitions, where 0 < ␪ < ␲兾2. y

opp hyp
nus
e sin ␪ ⫽ csc ␪ ⫽ (− 12 , 23 ) π (0, 1) ( 12 , 23 )
Opposite

t e hyp opp
po 90°
Hy
θ cos ␪ ⫽
adj
hyp
sec ␪ ⫽
hyp
adj
(− 22 , 22 ) 3π 23π 2 π3 π ( 22 , 22 )
120° 60°
Adjacent
tan ␪ ⫽
opp
cot ␪ ⫽
adj (− 23 , 12) 56π 4150°135° 45°
4 π
30°
6 ( 23 , 21)
adj opp
0° 0 x
Circular function definitions, where ␪ is any angle. (−1, 0) π 180° 360° 2π (1, 0)
y y r
sin ␪ ⫽ csc ␪ ⫽ 210° 330°
(x, y)
r = x2 + y2 r
x
y
r
(− 23 , − 12) 76π 5π 225°240° 300°315°7π 116π ( 23 , − 21)
y
r
θ
x
cos ␪ ⫽
r
sec ␪ ⫽
x (− 22 , − 22 ) 4 43π 270° 32π 53π 4 ( 22 , − 22 )
y x
x
tan ␪ ⫽
x
cot ␪ ⫽
y
(− 12 , − 23 ) (0, −1) ( 2 , − 2 )
1 3

Reciprocal Identities Double -Angle Formulas

1 1 1 sin 2u ⫽ 2 sin u cos u
sin x ⫽ sec x ⫽ tan x ⫽
csc x cos x cot x cos 2u ⫽ cos2 u ⫺ sin2 u ⫽ 2 cos2 u ⫺ 1 ⫽ 1 ⫺ 2 sin2 u
1 1 1 2 tan u
csc x ⫽ cos x ⫽ cot x ⫽ tan 2u ⫽
sin x sec x tan x 1 ⫺ tan2 u
Tangent and Cotangent Identities Power-Reducing Formulas
sin x cos x 1 ⫺ cos 2u
tan x ⫽ cot x ⫽ sin2 u ⫽
cos x sin x 2
1 ⫹ cos 2u
Pythagorean Identities cos2 u ⫽
2
sin2 x ⫹ cos2 x ⫽ 1 1 ⫺ cos 2u
tan2 u ⫽
1 ⫹ tan2 x ⫽ sec2 x 1 ⫹ cot2 x ⫽ csc2 x 1 ⫹ cos 2u
Cofunction Identities Sum-to-Product Formulas
sin冢␲2 ⫺ x冣 ⫽ cos x cos冢␲2 ⫺ x冣 ⫽ sin x sin u ⫹ sin v ⫽ 2 sin冢u ⫹2 v冣 cos冢u ⫺2 v冣
sin u ⫺ sin v ⫽ 2 cos冢
2 冣 冢 2 冣
u⫹v u⫺v
csc冢 ⫺ x冣 ⫽ sec x tan冢 ⫺ x冣 ⫽ cot x
␲ ␲ sin
2 2
cos u ⫹ cos v ⫽ 2 cos冢
2 冣
cos冢
2 冣
u⫹v u⫺v
sec冢 ⫺ x冣 ⫽ csc x cot冢 ⫺ x冣 ⫽ tan x
␲ ␲
2 2
cos u ⫺ cos v ⫽ ⫺2 sin冢
2 冣 冢 2 冣
u⫹v u⫺v
Reduction Formulas sin
sin共⫺x兲 ⫽ ⫺sin x cos共⫺x兲 ⫽ cos x Product-to-Sum Formulas
csc共⫺x兲 ⫽ ⫺csc x tan共⫺x兲 ⫽ ⫺tan x 1
sec共⫺x兲 ⫽ sec x cot共⫺x兲 ⫽ ⫺cot x sin u sin v ⫽ 关cos共u ⫺ v兲 ⫺ cos共u ⫹ v兲兴
2
Sum and Difference Formulas 1
cos u cos v ⫽ 关cos共u ⫺ v兲 ⫹ cos共u ⫹ v兲兴
sin共u ± v兲 ⫽ sin u cos v ± cos u sin v 2
1
cos共u ± v兲 ⫽ cos u cos v ⫿ sin u sin v sin u cos v ⫽ 关sin共u ⫹ v兲 ⫹ sin共u ⫺ v兲兴
2
tan u ± tan v
tan共u ± v兲 ⫽ 1
1 ⫿ tan u tan v cos u sin v ⫽ 关sin共u ⫹ v兲 ⫺ sin共u ⫺ v兲兴
2

© Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning

Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning, Inc. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part.