DRUG CLASSIFICATION/INDICATI MECHANIS CONTRAINDICATION ADVERSE DOSE, NURSING

ON M OF REACTION ROUTE, RESPONSIBILITI

ACTION FREQUENC ES
Y
Generic  Acute bacterial worsening Binds to the  Contraindicated in CNS: fatigue, -500 mg P.O. -Monitor patient
name: of COPD caused by 50S subunit patients headache, for superinfection.
AZITROMYCI Haemophilis influenza, bacteria hypersensitive to somnolence, Drug may cause
N Moraxella catarrhalis, or ribosomes, azithromycin, dizziness. overgrowth of non-
Streptocccus pnemoniae; blocking erythromycin, or CV: chest pain susceptible bacteria
Brand name: uncomplicated skin and protein other macrolide or palpitations or fungi.
AzaSite, skin-structure infections synthesis; ketolide antibiotics EENT: eye irritation -Monitor patient
Zithromax, caused by Staphylococcus bacteriostatic and in those with (ophthalmic) for CDAD, which
Zmax aureus, Sterptococcus or history of GI: abdominal pain, may range in
pyogens second-lined bactericidal, cholestatic jaundice anorexia, diarrhea, severity from mild
therapy for phyryngitis or depending on or hepatic nausea, vomiting, diarrhea to fatal
tonsillitis caused by concentration dysfunction from pseudomembranous colitis
S.pyogens prior use of colitis, dyspepsia, -Consider full risk
 Community-acquired azithromycin flatulence, melena profile when
pneumonia caused by C.  Don’t use oral drug Hepatic: cholestatic choosing
pneumoniae, H influenza, in patients with jaundice appropriate
M. pneumoniae, or S. pneumonia or in Skin: antibiotic therapy.
pneumoniae those with photosensitivity Alternative
 Acute bacterial sinusitis moderate to severe reactions, rash pain macrolide or
caused by H. infdluenzae, illness or risk at injection site fluoroquinolone
M catarrhalis or S. factors (such as pruritus. class drugs also
pneumoniae cystic fibrosis, Other: angioedema have potential to
 To prevent disseminated nosocomially cause QT-interval
Mycobacterium avium acquired infections, prolongation and
complex in patients with known or other significant
advanced HIV infection suspected adverse effects.
 Bacterial conjunctivitis bacteremia; -Warn patient to
caused by coryneform hospitalized, seek immediate
group G, H. influenza elderly, or medical care for
Staphylococcus aureus, debilitated irregular heartbeat,
 Streptococcus mitis group. patients; or shortness of
patients with breath, dizziness or
immunodeficiency fainting.
or functional
asplenia.
 Elderly patients
may be at
increased risk for
drug associated QT-
interval effects.

DRUG CLASSIFIACATION/INDICATI MECHANISM CONTRAINDICATION ADVERSE REACTION DOSE, NURSING

ON OF ACTION ROUTE, RESPONSIBILI
FREQUENC TIES
Y
Bespri Initial treatment of CV disorders eg, Thought to -Avoid use in patients with -GI disturbances eg, 75-100 mg Give the
n angina pectoris & MI. Prevention of produce severe hepatic impairment nausea, dyspepsia & medication on a
cerebrovascular disorders eg, analgesia and or history of active peptic vomiting. Urticaria & schedule rather
stroke.  exert its anti- ulcer disease. other skin eruptions, than as needed.
inflammatory -use cautiously in patients angioedema, rhinitis &
effected by with GI lesions impaired severe/fatal paroxysmal -Monitor elderly
inhibiting renal function, bronchospasm & dyspnea. patients closely
prostaglandin hypoprothrombinemia, Increased bleeding time, because they may
and other vitamin K deficiency, decreased platelet be more
substances that thrombotic adhesiveness & susceptible to
sensitize pain thrombocytopenic purpura. hypoprothrombinemia aspirins toxic
receptors. Drug (large dose). May exhibit effects.
may relieve cross-sensitivity to other
fever through NSAIDs. Symptoms of -Monitor patient
central action in salicylism eg, dizziness, for
the tinnitus, deafness, hypersensitivity
hypothalamic sweating, nausea & reactions such as
heat-regulating vomiting, headache & anaphylaxis and
center. In low mental confusion; trauma.
doses, drug also
appears to
interfere with
clothing by
keeping a
platelet-
aggregating
substance from
forming.
 DRUG CLASSIFIACATION/INDICATI MECHANISM CONTRAINDICATIO ADVERSE DOSE, NURSING
ON OF ACTION N REACTION ROUTE, RESPONSIBILITIES
FREQUENC
Y
Provasc - Chronic stable angina, Inhibits calcium -contraindicated in CNS: Oral ; Monitor patient carefully.
vasospatic angina; to reduce ion influx patients hypersensitive headache, 500mg /tab Some patients, especially
Generic risk of hospitalization across cardiac to drug. fatigue, those with severe
name – because of angina; to reduce and smooth- -use cautiously in dizziness obstructive CAD, have
amlodipine risk of coronary muscle cells, patients receiving other CV: edema, developed increased
revascularization procedure dilates coronary peripheral vasodilators, flushing, frequency, duration or
in patients with recently arteries and especially those with palpitations severity of angina or acute
documented CAD by arterioles and GI: nausea, MI after inhibition of
severe aortic stenosis or
angiography and without HF decrease BP abdominal calcium channel blocker
hypertrophic
or with LVEF less than 40% and myocardial pain therapy or at time of
- Hypertension oxygen cardiomyopathy with Respiratory: dosage increase.
demand. outflow tract pulmonary
obstruction, and in edema,
patients with HF with dyspnea
reduced LVEF. Because Skin: prutish,
drug is metabolized by rash.
the liver, use cautiously
and reduce dosage in
patients with severe
hepatic diseases.
 DRUG CLASSIFICATION/INDICATI MECHANISM OF CONTRAINDICATIO ADVERSE DOSE, NURSING
ON ACTION N REACTION ROUTE, RESPONSIBILIT
FREQUENC IES
Y
Management of reversible To reduces Contraindicated in CNS: dizziness, Oral; -Safety and
Generic bronchospasm associated bronchospasm patients hypersensitive headache, pain Inhalation effectiveness of
Name: with obstructive airway through both to drug, atropine, or its CV: chest pain, Onset-5-15 intranasal use
Ipratropium diseases (eg, bronchial anticholinergic and derivatives. palpitation, minutes beyond 4 days in
asthma).
Salbutamol sympathomimetic hypertension patients with a
For patients with chronic
obstructive pulmonary
mechanisms. Use cautiously in EENT: blurred common cold
Brand Simultaneous patients with angel vision, rhinitis, haven’t been
disease (COPD) on a
Name: administration of closure glaucoma, pharyngitis , established.
regular inhaled
DUAVENT both drugs produces prostatic hyperplasia or sinusitis, epistaxis
bronchodilator who
continue to have evidence a greater bladder-neck GI: dyspepsia, -if patient uses a
of bronchospasm and who bronchodilator effect obstruction nausea, GI facemask for a
require a second than when either distress, dry nebulizer, take
bronchodilator. drug is used alone at mouth, care to prevent
recommended constipation leakage around the
dosages. { GU: UTI mask because eye
Musculoskeletal: pain or temporary
back pain blurring of vision
Respiratory: URI, may occur.
bronchitis, - Warn patient
bronchospasm, that drug isn’t
cough dyspnea, effective for
increased sputum treating acute
Skin: rash episodes of
Other: flulike bronchospasm
symptoms, when rapid
hypersensitivity response is
reactions. needed.
-if more than 1
inhalation is
prescribed tell
patient to wait at
least 2 minutes
before repeating
procedure.
Teach patient to
use metered-dose
inhaler (MDI) or
oral nebulizer
correctly. Refer to
manufacturer’s
instructions for
use.
 DRUG CLASSIFICATION/INDICATI
ON
Susceptible bacterial
CEFRIOXONE septicemia, acute bacterial
otitis media, lower
Brand name: respiratory tract, UTIs,
Rocephin skin and skin structure,
bone and joint, pelvic
inflammatory disease
(PID), intraabdominal
infections, meningitis,
uncomplicated gonorrhea.
Surgical prophylaxis.
MECHANIS CONTRAINDICATIO ADVERSE DOSE, NURSING
M OF N REACTION ROUTE, RESPONSIBILITI
ACTION FREQUENC ES
Y
Inhibits cell- -Contraindicated in GI: pseudomembranous IV/IM; 1-2g
wall synthesis, patients hypersensitive colitis, diarrhea. Monitor patients
promoting to drug or other Hematologic: for superinfection,
osmotic cephalosporins. eosinophilia, diarrhea, and
instability; -Use cautiously in thrombocytosis, anemia, and treat
usually patients hypersensitive leukopenia. appropriately.
bactericidal to penicillin because of Skin: pain, induration,
possibility with other tenderness at injections
beta-lactum. site, rash.
-may cause hemolytic Other: hypersensitivity
anemia, which can be reactions, serum
fatal. If anemia sickness, anaphylaxis.
develops during
therapy, stop drug until
cause is determined.
 DRUG CLASSIFICATION/INDICATI MECHANIS CONTRAINDICATIO ADVERSE DOSE, NURSING
ON M OF N REACTION ROUTE, RESPONSIBILITI
ACTION FREQUENC ES
Y
Diamicron  Non-insulin dependent Lowers blood  Hypersensitivity  Headache, intense Oral ½ tablet
diabetes (type 2), in glucose by hunger, nausea, for single  Explain to
; cross sensitivity
association with dietary stimulating the vomiting, lassitude, dose
with other patient that this
measures and exercise, release of reduced awareness & 60-120 mg
when these measures insulin from sulfonylureas may slowed reactions, medication does
alone are not sufficient. the pancreas occur; depression, confusion, not cure diabetes
and increasing  Unstable visual & speech and must be used
sensitivity to disorders, , dizziness,
diabetes, type 1 in conjunction
insulin at feeling of
receptor sites. diabetes mellitus, powerlessness, loss of with a prescribed
diabetic self-control, delirium, diet, exercise
ketoacidosis, convulsions, shallow regimen, to
respiration, bradycardia, prevent
diabetic coma or pre- drowsiness & loss of
coma; consciousness, possibly hypoglycemic
 Severe hepatic resulting in coma & and
or renal impairment; lethal outcome; hyperglycemic
sweating, clammy skin, events.
 Concurrent use
anxiety, tachycardia,
of oral/oromucosal  Instruct
HTN, palpitations,
miconazole, alcohol angina pectoris & patient on proper
or alcohol- cardiac arrhythmia. GI technique for
containing disorders eg, abdominal home glucose
pain, nausea, vomiting,
medications, or monitoring.
indigestion, diarrhea &
systemic constipation (reduced Monitor closely
 phenylbutazone; when taken w/ meal). during periods of
Skin reactions eg, rash
 OB: Should not stress or illness
which may progress to
be used during widespread skin and health care
pregnancy, insulin is blistering or peeling, professional
preferred; redness, itching, hives, notified if
 Lactation: Sho angioedema. Visual significant
disturbances
uld not be used changes occur.
during lactation,  Review
insulin is perferred. signs of
hypoglycemia
and
hyperglycemia
with patient. If
hypoglycemia
occurs, advise
patient to drink a
glass of orange
juice or ingest 2–
3 tsp of sugar,
honey, or corn
syrup dissolved
in water or an
appropriate
number of
glucose tablets
and notify health
care
professional.
 Encourage
 patient to follow
prescribed diet,
medication, and
exercise regimen
to prevent
hypoglycemic or
hyperglycemic
episodes.
 Concurrent
use of alcohol
may cause a
disulfiram-like
reaction
(abdominal
cramps, nausea,
flushing,
headaches, and
hypoglycemia).