CHAPTER 1

Talking About Self

Kompetensi Dasar:
3.1 Menganalisis fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan teks
interaksi transaksional lisan dan tulis yang melibatkan tindakan
memberi dan dan meminta informasi terkait jati diri dan hubungan
keluarga, sesuai dengan konteks penggunaannya (Perhatikan unsur
kebahsaan pronouns: Subjective,Objective,possesive)
4.1 Menyusun teks interaksi transaksional lisan dan tulis pendek dan
sederhana yang melibatkan tindakan memberi dan meminta informasi
terkait jati diri, dengan memperhatikan fungsi sosial, struktur teks dan
unrur kebahasaan yang benar dan sesuai konteks penggunaannya.

MATERI
I. Introducing ourself
Ungkapan yang lazim digunakan untuk memperkenalkan diri:
- Let me introduce myself, my name is ...
- I would like to introduce myself. I am ...
- Allow me to introduce myself I am ...
- I want to introduce myself. My name is/I am ...
- Good morning/afternoon/evening, my name is ...
- Hello/Hi everybody. I am ...
- I like ... (hobbies)
- My favourite ... (color, food, drink, subject, etc)

Contoh:
Let me introduce myself. My name is Ahmad Syukron. You can call me,
Syukron. I am from Batang. Precisely, I live at Jalan Gajah Mada No. 25
Bengkulu. I am a student of SMP N 8 Bengkulu. I go to school by my
bicycle. I like swimming and reading. I usually go to Grage Horizon to swim
on Sunday morning. Talking about books, I have many books about
computer. I want to be a computer programmer in the future. My favourite
food and drink are fried rice and ice tea.

II. Introducing Others (family and other people)

Ungkapan yang umum digunakan untuk memperkenalkan orang lain:
- I would like to introduce you to ...
- Let me introduce you to ...
- I would like you to meet...
- I want to introduce you to...
- Hi Erna, This is Soni, Soni, this is Erna.
- I have two brothers, they are ...
- My father is a ...
- My mother works as ...

Contoh:
Hello, Alia! Let me introduce myself. My name is Hannah. I know your
name from my friend, Caroline. She told me that you sent her an email
telling her that you would like to have more pen pals from the US. I’d really
like to be your E-pal. You sound really cool! I guess that I’d be
better to tell you something about myself first. I’m 16 years old and I
attend Thomas Edison High School here in Minneapolis,
Minnesota, USA. I have two brothers and two sisters and I’m the middle
child. My father does on his business. My mother is a teacher. I have lots of
hobbies. I like music – mostly classical music and folk music – but I don’t
play an instrument. I like sports, especially tennis and basketball. At
school I’m in the basketball team and I spend most of my extra-curricular
time playing basketball. I like cat and have three
 cats. They need lots of attention as you can imagine. My favorite subjects
at school are art and geography. I think I’d like to become a park ranger
when I graduate, perhaps work for the National Park Service. I don’t like
reading but I love drawing and painting. How about you? Please drop me a
line, Alia! Can’t wait to hear from you!

Mrs. Irma : Everybody, attention, please!

Students : Yes, ma’am.
Mrs. Irma : We have a new student. She wants to introduce herself to
you. Okay, Dewi please introduce yourself!
Dewi : Hello, friends. How do you do?
Students : Hello. How do you do?
Dewi : Let me introduce myself. I am Dewi Sinta. You can call me
Dewi. I am from Pekalongan. I live at Jalan RE Martadinata
No. 23 Batang. Previously, I studied at SMK N 1
Pekalongan. My parents and I moved to Batang a week ago.
He is a Math teacher. My mother is a house wife. She rides
me to school with a motorcycle. Nice to meet you.
Students : Nice to meet you, too Dewi.
Dodi : What do you like to do in your spare time, Dewi?
Dewi : Well, I like reading books and writing some articles.
Dodi : Those are great hobbies.
Rina : What do you like to eat and drink, Dewi?
Dewi : Well, my favourite food is fried rice and iced tea.
Mrs. Irma : Thanks for your introduction, Dewi. Now please have a seat!

Additional/Tambahan
Pertanyaan yang lazim dalam dialog transaksional tentang perkenalan:
- What is your name?
- Where are you from?/Where do you come from?
- Where do you live?
- What is your father (Menanyakan pekerjaan)
- What does your mother do? (menanyakan aktifitas pekerjaan yang
dilakukan)

III.Pronoun: Subjective, Objective & Possessive

Mempelajari Pronoun(kata ganti) sangatlah penting dan ini harus diberikan
kepada anak segera. Pronouns are words that take place of noun. Intinya
pronoun adalah kata yang menggantikan benda sehingga kita tidak
mengulangi kata yang sama seperti contoh nama seseorang.
Misalnya Rita dapat kita ganti she. Dodi dapat kita ganti he dan lain-lain.

Berikut adalah tabel Pronoun

Possessive Possessive
Personal Subjective Objective Meaning
Adjective pronoun
First I Me My Mine Saya
Second You You Your Yours Kamu
He Him His HIs Dia (Lk)
Singular
She Her Her Hers Dia (Pr)
Third
Dia (benda/
It It Its -
binatang)
First We Us Our Ours Kami/kita
Plural Second You You Your Yours Kamu
Third They Them Their Theirs Mereka
Latihan 1
1. Make your self introduction, including your full name, nickname,
address, hobbies, goals, age, your family and occupation!
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

Latihan 2
Answer the question below based on the dialogue!

Febri : Hello! Good Morning!

Farida : Good Morning too!
Febri : I am Febri, What is your name?
Farida : My name is Siti Farisda. What is your full name, Febri?
Febri : My complete name is Ahmad Febriyanto, Where are you
from Farida?
Farida : I am from Sungai Rupat, and where do you come from
Febri?
Febri : I come from Pintu Batu. How old are you Farida?
Farida : I am 15 years old now, and how old are you Febri?
Febri : I am 16 years old. What do you do Farida?
Farida : I am a student at SMK Negeri 5 Kota Bengkulu, and what
do you do Febri?
Febri : I am a student too. Nice to meet you Farida.
Farida : Nice to meet you, Febri!

1. What is Febri’s full name?

________________________________________________________________________
2. Who is Febri?
________________________________________________________________________
3. Where is Farida from?
________________________________________________________________________
4. Who is Farida?
________________________________________________________________________
5. Where does Febri come from?
________________________________________________________________________
6. How old is Febri?
________________________________________________________________________
7. How old is Farida?
________________________________________________________________________
 CHAPTER 2
Complimenting and Congratulating Others

Kompetensi Dasar:
3.2 Menganalisis fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan teks
interaksi interpersonal lisan dan tulis yang melibatkan tindakan
memberi ucapan selamat dan memuji bersayap (extendeed), serta
menanggapinya sesuai dengan konteks penggunaannya .
4.2 Menyusun teks interaksi interpersonal lisan dan tulis sederhana yang
melibatkan tindakan memberikan ucapan selamat dan memuji bersayap
(extendeed), dan menaggapinya dengan memperhatikan fungsi
sosial,struktur teks dan unsur kebahasaan yang benar dan sesuai
konteks.

Tujuan Pembelajaran:
Setelah mempelajari Bab 2, siswa diharapkan mampu:
1. Mengidentifikasi fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan
pada ungkapan memberi ucapan selamat dan pujian bersayap serta
responnya.
2. Merespon ucapan selamat dan pujian bersayap dengan menggunakan
struktur teks dan unsur bahasa yang tepat sesuai dengan tujuan dan
konteks penggunaan.
3. Memberikan ucapan selamat dan pujian bersayap dengan
menggunakan struktur teks dan unsur bahasa yang tepat sesuai
dengan tujuan dan konteks penggunaan.

I Congratulating
Congratulating (Congratulation) adalah memberi ucapan selamat kepada
orang lain atas prestasi dan kebahagiaan yang diraih. Contohnya: Juara
lomba di sekolah, di luar sekolah, kelulusan, pindah rumah, kenaikan
jabatang (promotion), mendapatkan momongan/bayi, pernikahan, dan
lain-lain.
Congratulating Responses
- Congratulations! - Thanks
- Congratulations, Shidqi! - Thank you
- Congratulations for winning the - Thank you very much
bike race! - Thanks a lot
- Congratulations Zahra to become - Thank you so much
the champion of the English - Thanks for saying so
speech contest - It’s very kind of you to say so
- Congratulation on your - This is because you’re always with
graduation! me.
- That’s great - I’m glad you think so.
- Well done!
- Wow, you made such wonderful
handycraft.

Contoh Dialog
Dialogue 1
Ana : I heard you win the singing contest last night, Siti. Is that
right?
Siti : You’re right, Ana.
Ana : Congratulations, Siti! I’m proud of you. I hope you’ll be winner
again next time.
Siti : Thanks, Ana. You’re very kind to say so.
Ana : You’re welcome.
Dialogue 2
David : John, Congratulations for being number one in your class!.
You got the first rank.
John : Thank you, David.
David : Never stop studying hard, John. I hope you keep your
achievement next year.
John : Okay, Thanks for your suggestion, David. You’re my best
friend, ever.
David : Don’t mention it!

I Complimenting
Compliment is an expression to appreciate or praise other people.
Compliment is useful to give encouragement so that people will keep on
doing their best and even improve their performance.
(Compliment adalah sebuat ungkapan untuk mengapresiasi atau memuji
orang lain. Pujian atau apresiasi sangat penting untuk memberikan
semangat kepada orang lain sehingga mereka akan tetap konsisten
mempertahankan prestasi dan meningkatkan kemampuannya.)

When to express compliment:

(kapan mengekspresikan pujian)
- On daily basis, (sehari-hari)
- When someone has done his/her best, (Ketika seseorang telah
melakukan yang terbaik)
- When you visit someone’s house for the first time, (Ketika anda
mengunjungi rumah seseorang kali pertama).
- If you notice something new about someone’s appearance. (Jika
anda melihat sesuatu yang baru dari penampilan seseorang

Can you think of other situations when you need to compliment?

Complimenting Responses
What a … Thanks
- What a nice dress! Thank you
- What a wonderful performance! Thanks for your appreciation
- What a clever boy you are! Thank you very much
- What a kind boy he is! It’s very kind of you to say that
What … I’m glad you like it
- What big houses you have!
- What expensive cars!
How …
- How beautiful she is!
- How handsome!
- How comfortable motorcycle it is!
- How cheap the computers are!
 You look …
- You look gorgeous!
- You look nice with that t-shirt.
Great job!

Contoh Dialog
Fatimah : Hi, Ira, how are you?
Ira : Fine, thanks. I hope you are all right, too. What is that in your
hand, Fatimah?
Fatimah : It’s a handycraft. I made it myself.
Ira : Oh, really! What wonderful hadycraft you made.
Fatimah : Thanks, Ira.
Ira : You’re welcome.

Latihan 1
After a long struggle and hard work, Alif is finally appointed as the director
of a national company where he works. Many of his friends who work at
the same company congratulate him.
Samuel : Alif, congratulations. You deserved it, Man.
Alif : Thank you very much. This is because you always help
me.
Sinta : I am very happy for you, Alif. Now, that you are
the director of the company, I believe the company will
develop even faster.
Alif : (replies with a happy tone) Thank you. I cannot forget
your collaboration with me, and I will still need your
help.

Other friends shake his hands and congratulate him too.

Deny : That’s wonderful, Alif.
Alif : Oh thanks.
Santi : Good for you. Good luck.
Alif : Thank you very much.
Bejo : Well done
Alif : Thank you for saying so.
Ivan : That was great.You must be very proud of your
achievement.
Alif : Thanks. I’m glad you think so. But I still have to learn a
lot.

His staff also congratulate him.

Eny : Please accept my warmest congratulations, Sir.
Alif : It’s very kind of you to say so. Thank you.
Bintari : I must congratulate you on your success.
Alif : Thank you very much for saying so.

They all celebrate Alif’s success by having lunch together in a simple

food stall next to their office. Everybody is happy.

Questions:
1. Why do all of those people congratulate Alif?
_________________________________________________________________
2. What expressions do they use to congratulate Alif?
_________________________________________________________________

3. How does Alif respond to their congratulating expressions?

 _________________________________________________________________
4. What is the social purpose of congratulating people?
_________________________________________________________________
5. When do we congratulate people?
_________________________________________________________________
6. What are the expressions commonly used to congratulate people?
_________________________________________________________________
Latihan 2
Complete the following dialogues with your own words!

Latihan 3
 Chapter III Expressing
Intention

Kompetensi Dasar:
3.2Menganalisis fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan teks
interaksi transaksional lisan dan tulis yang melibatkan tindakan memberi
dan meminta informasi terkait niat melakukan sesuatu
tindakan/kegiatan,sesuai dengan konteks penggunaannya. (Perhatikan
unsur kebahsaan be going to,would like to)
4.2 Menyusun teks interaksi transaksional lisan dan tulis pendek dan sedrhana
yang melibatkan tindakan memberi dan meminta informasi terkait niat
melakukan sesuatu tindakan/kegiatan, dengan memperhatikan fungsi
sosial,struktur teks dan unsur kebahsaan yang benar dan sesuia konteks
penggunaannya.

MATERI
Expressing future plan/intention (Mengungkapkan keinginan/maksud tertentu
kitan dapat menggunakan 2 jenis ekspresi:
1. Be going to
Be going to memiliki kesamaan dengan Will/shall pada Simple Future,
bedanya adalah, Be going to aktifitas yang akan di lakukan pada waktu
akan datang yang sudah direncanakan/diprogram.
Pola Umum/Pattern:
S + be (is, am, are) + going to + V1
He, she, it : is
I : am
You, they we : are
Contoh:
a. (+) Saras is going to visit Mount Bromo next week.
(-) Saras is not going to visit Mount Bromo next week.
(?) Is Saras going to visit Mount Bromo next week? Yes, She is/ No,
She is not.

b. (+) Tom and Tim are going to go fishing tomorrow.

(-) Tom and Tim are not going to go fishing tomorrow.
(?) Are Tom and Tim going to go fishing tomorrow? Yes, they are./No,
They are not.
2. Would like to
Would like to artinya ingin, mau bisa berari akan dan memiliki makna
yang hampir sama dengan be going to.
Pola Umum/Pattern:
S + Would like to + V1
Contoh:
a. (+) Father would like to stay in Jakarta next month.
(-) Father would not like to stay in Jakarta next month.
(?) Would Father like to stay in Jakarta next month? Yes, he would./
No, he would not.
b. (+) We would like to get married on April 25.
(-) We would not like to get married on April 25.
(?) Would we like to get married on April 25? Yes, We would./No, We
would not.
 Contoh Dialog:

Kalimat yang diberi tanda cetak tebal (bold) adalah ungkapan yang digunakan
untuk menyatakan keinginan yang akan dilakukan. Contoh diatas adalah
penerapan dari Expressing intention dalam dialog dan komunikasi praktis.
Contoh di atas menggunakan kalimat affirmatif /positif, dan pertanyaan (yes-no
question dan information question dengan question word). Tidak terdapat
contoh kalimat negatif.

Latihan 1
A long weekend is coming. Riri, Santi, and Bayu are talking about their
holiday plans. Pay attention to the pronunciation and intonation of the dialog
below.
Riri : It will be a long weekend soon. Do you have any plans?
Santi : Uhm, I’m not sure. I don’t have any idea yet. I think I
might stay at home.
Bayu : Stay at home? Well, you could do something more
interesting!
Santi : So, what about you Bayu? Do you have any plans?
Bayu : Definitely! My dad and I are going to go fishing.
Santi : Fishing? Are you going to go fishing in the river near your
house?
Bayu : No. We plan to go fishing in a lake near my uncle’s house.
Would you like to come with us?
Santi : Fishing? That sounds great. But I would rather stay
 at home than go fishing.
Bayu : What about you, Riri? What would you like to do on the
long weekend?
Riri : I have made a plan with my mother about what to
do on this long weekend. We are going to practice baking
cookies.
Santi : That sounds like a very good plan!
Bayu : Are you going to bake choco chips cookies like the last
time?
Riri : Well, yes. That is my favorite. But we will also try to make
ginger cookies.
Santi : Lucky you. Your mom is a real baker, isn’t she?
Bayu : Ha ha, ha. Do you still want to stay home alone?
Riri : Or, would you like to join me to learn baking cookies?
You can come to my house.
Bayu : It’s a good idea! Or will you go fishing with me and my dad?
Santi : I think I would like to bake cookies with Riri. Thanks
for inviting me, Riri.
Riri : No problem. I will tell you the time on Friday.
Santi : Thanks a lot. I can’t wait to join you.
Bayu : Have a nice long weekend, everyone. Riri,
Santi : You too.

1. What are Bayu, Riri, and Santi discussing?

……………………………………………………………………………………
2. Who already have the plan for the weekend?
……………………………………………………………………………………
3. What are their plans?
……………………………………………………………………………………
4. Who doesn’t have the plan? What does s/he finally decide to
do on weekend?
……………………………………………………………………………………
5. What do the sentences typed in bold express?
……………………………………………………………………………………
6. When do people use those expressions?
……………………………………………………………………………………
Latihan 2
Translate the following sentences into English using “Will/shall” and “be
going to”!
Example:
Saya akan mengunjungi rumah paman liburan ini.
- I will visit my uncle’s house this holiday.
- I am going to visit my uncle’s house this holiday.
1. Zaki akan berangkat ke Singapura minggu depan.

2. Diana akan ikut lomba dangdut bulan depan.

3. Paman Ben akan bekerja di Sidney Australia tahun depan.

4. Udin and Siti akan berlibur ke Kuta Bali besok lusa.

5. Siswa kelas10 akan mengadakan kemah ke Jawa Tengah akhir

bulan ini.

Latihan 3
Change the following sentences into negative and interogative forms!
1. (+) I shall travel to Malang on April.
(-) __________________________________________________________
(?) __________________________________________________________
2. (+)
(-) Wawan is not going to make a project.
(?)
3.
(+)
(-)
(?) Shall We go to the camp site this afternoon?
4. (+)
(-)
(?) Are they going to have a football match this season?
5. (+) Rara and DAni are going to buy a book by the end of this year.
(-)
(?)

12
 Chapter IV
Which One is Your Best Get- away? Descriptive text

Kompetensi Dasar:
3.4 Menganalisis fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan
beberapa teks deskriptif lisan dan tulis dengan memberi dan meminta
informasi pendek dan sederhana trekait orang, benda dan tempat
sesuai dengan konteks penggunaannya.
4.4 Menyusun teks deskriptif lisan dan tulis pendek dan sederhana, trekait
orang, benda dan tempat dengan memperhatikan fungsi sosial,
struktur teks dan unsur kebahsaan, secara benar dan sesuai konteks.

Tujuan Pembelajaran/Kompetensi Dasar

1. Mengidentifikasi makna, fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur
kebahasaan pada teks deskriptif sederhana lisan dan tulis tentang
tempat wisata dan bangunan bersejarah sesuai dengan penggunaan.
2. Menjelaskan isi deskripsi lisan dan tulis tentang tempat wisata dan
bangunan bersejarah dengan memperhatikan tujuan komunikasi,
struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan teks deskriptif sesuai konteks
penggunaan.
3. Mendeskripsikan secara lisan dan tulis tempat wisata atau bangunan
bersejarah dengan memperhatikan fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur
kebahasaan teks deskripsi secara benar sesuai konteks penggunaan.

MATERI

Definisi dan Fungsi Sosial Teks Decriptif (social function)

A descriptive text describes a particular object like a place, thing, or person.
What is the author’s purpose in writing a description? The author wants to
describe the particular object by describing its or his/her specific features to
help readers visualize what a person, an animal, a park, or a thing is like.

Teks deskriptif adalah teks yang menjelaskan tentang sesuatu secara

spesifik/khusus mengenai tempat, benda atau orang. Tujuan dari penulisan
teks ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan sesuatu secara spesifik mengenai ciri
dan karakteristiknya untuk membantu pembaca lebih memahami seperti
apakah objek tersebut baik orang binatang, tempat atau sesuatu yang
dideskripsikan.

Struktur Teks Descriptif (Generic Structure)

How is a descriptive text constructed? It starts with an opening paragraph. In
the paragraph there is a topic sentence that introduces the object going to be
described. A series of paragraphs follow the opening to describe the parts or
the features or the specific characteristics of the subject.

Bagaimana struktur dari teks deskriptif? Teks ini biaanya dimulai dengan
paragraf pembuka. Di dalam suatu paragraf ada topic
sentence(Identification) yang memperkenalkan objek spesifik yang hendak
dideskripsikan. Kemudian diikuti serangkain paragraf yang menjelaskan
bagian-bagian, kualitas, ciri-ciri dan karakteristiknya(Description).

Ciri-ciri Kebahasaan (Language Features)

1. Menjelaskan sesuatu/objek yang spesifik/khusus
2. Menggunakan simple present tense
3. Menggunakan kata kerja attributive: has/has dan identifying:is, are.
4. Menggunakan adjective (Kata sifat) dalam mendeskripsikan objek

13
Contoh Teks Deskriptif

TANJUNG PUTING NATIONAL PARK

Tanjung Puting National Park is an internationally famous ecotourism

destination, which is located in the southwest of Central Kalimantan
peninsula. Visitors from foreign countries come to this park because of its
amazing nature. This is called a park, but unlike any park that you have seen
in your city, this is a jungle! It is a real jungle, which is home to the most
interesting animal in the world: orangutans.
Though the park is home to many animals, seeing orangutans is usually
the visitors’ main reason to visit the park. Orangutans, which literally mean
the man of the forest, are the largest arboreal animal on the planet. Most of
their lives are spent in trees where orangutans travel from branch to branch
by climbing or swinging with their long arms.
To see orangutans, we should go to Camp Leakey, which is located in the
heart of Tanjung Puting National Park. Camp Leakey is a rehabilitation place
for ex-captive orang utans and also a preservation site. It is also a famous
center for research about orangutans which has been conducted by the
famous primatologist Dr. Birute Galdikas since 1971. Here visitors can see
daily feedings to orangutans at jungle platforms as part of the rehabilitation
process to their natural habitat. This event gives them opportunity to see
orangutans up close.
To reach the place, we should take a boat down Sekonyer river. The boat
is popularly called perahu klotok which is a boathouse that can
accommodate four people. The trip by the boat to Camp Leakey takes three
days and two nights. You sleep, cook, and eat in that klotok, night and day
during your journey into the jungle.
The traveling in the boat offers an unforgettable experience. In daylight,
on your way to Camp Leakey, you can
see trees filled with proboscis monkeys, monkeys that have enormous
snout which can only be found in Kalimantan. The monkeys anxiously await
klotok arrivals. A troop of 30 light-brown monkeys may plunge from branches
10 meters or higher into the river and cross directly in front of the boat. These
monkeys know that the boat’s engine noise and the threat of its propeller
scare crocodiles, which find these chubby monkeys delicious. At night, you
can enjoy the clear sky and the amazingly bright stars as the only lights for
the night.
With such exotic nature, no wonder many tourists from foreign countries
who love ecotourism frequently visit Tanjung Puting National Park. What
about you?

Text sources:
(1) https://www.lonelyplanet.com/indonesia/tanjung-puting- national-
park/sights/natural-parks-forests/tanjung-puting-national-park
(2) www. Indonesian.travel.com; (3) www. Exploguide.com

14
GRAMMAR REVIEW

Nouns and Adjectives

Noun is a thing, a place, or a person, an animal, while adjective is a word that
describes a noun. An adjective that describes a noun is called a modifier. A
noun that goes with a modifier is called a noun phrase.
Benda, tempat, orang, dan binatang termasuk Noun (Kata benda), sedangkan
adjective(kata sifat) adalah suatu kata yang menjelaskan Noun(benda). Kata
sifat yang menjelaskan kata benda disebut dengan modifier. Kata benda yang
berdampingan dengan modifier disebut Noun phrase.

Contoh:
No Adjectives Nouns Noun phrases
1. beautiful bird Beautiful bird
2. unique monkey Unique monkey
3. nice place Nice place

Contoh dalam kalimat:

1. Taj Mahal offers spectacular view.
2. Tanjung Puting National Park offers an impressive experience.
3. In a real jungle, we can see many incredible animals.
4. Imagine yourself to be in the jungle and meet these special animals in
their original habitat.

15
The common word order of adjectives before a noun.
Opinion Size Age Color Nationality Material Noun
Impressive large old purple chinese ceramic vase
Beautiful little young dark Indonesian - girl

Contoh:

1. Large black stones: Size, color, noun.

2. a unique golden monkey: opinion, color, noun.
3. Octagonal marble chamber: opinion, material, noun
4. Beautiful big young girl: opinion, size, age, noun.

Latihan 1
Answer the following questions based on the text “TANJUNG PUTING
NATIONAL PARK”!

1. Based on the text, can you guess what ecotourism is? Give some
examples of other ecotourism destinations.
_____________________________________________________________________
2. As one of ecotourism destinations, what does Tanjung Puting National
Park offer to tourists?
_____________________________________________________________________
3. How is the park different from the parks in cities?
_____________________________________________________________________
4. How is Camp Leakey related to Tanjung Puting National Park?
_____________________________________________________________________
5. What does the word ex-captive tell you about the orangutans in Camp
Leakey, which is a rehabilitation site for orangutans?
_____________________________________________________________________
6. How can people reach Camp Leakey?
_____________________________________________________________________
7. What is special about the means of transportation to Camp Leakey.
_____________________________________________________________________
8. What can tourists enjoy during their trip to Camp Leakey?
_____________________________________________________________________
9. What do you think is the most interesting scene in Tanjung Puting
National Park?
_____________________________________________________________________
10. How important is the research by Dr. Birute Galdikas?
_____________________________________________________________________
11. What is the author’s purpose in writing this text?
_____________________________________________________________________
12. How is each paragraph related to each other?
_____________________________________________________________________
13. What is the most dominant tense used in this text?
_____________________________________________________________________

16
Latihan 2
Complete the following sentences using the words in the box.

amazing unlike destination impressive

center establish rehabilitation
snout enormous ex-captive peninsula

1. The tourist had never seen such a big monkey. When he saw an
orangutan swinging on trees for the first time, he shouted, “Wow,
that’s .”
2. other types of monkeys, proboscis
monkeys are unique because of their big noses.
3. Bali has been the most popular tourist ________________ for years,
but Indonesia has many other beautiful places to offer to international
visitors.
4. Visitors of the jungle will not forget the _______________nights in the
boats where they can enjoy the dark night sky decorated with millions
of bright stars that they cannot enjoy in big cities.
5. If only the national park were located in the_________________of the
city, I would be able to inhale fresh air and observe the primates’
interesting behavior every day.
6. The local government needs to________________an information center
to attract more tourists to visit Indonesia.
7. Located at the_________________of the jungle you can see a
rehabilitation center for ex-captive animals. The location makes it easy
to reach from all directions.
8. When people hear the words Tanjung Kodok, they may associate the
name with a ___________________ like Tanjung Puting National Park.
9. ________________________orangutans may not be afraid of meeting with
humans because they used to live with them as illegal pets.
10. I always appreciate the strength ants have because although they are
very small they can carry___________________load of food.
11. Their unusually large___________differentiates proboscis monkeys from
other monkeys.
12. We may not keep endangered animals that are protected by the law as
our pet. If we have one, we should send it to_______________site where
it can live in a more natural habitat.

LATIHAN 3
Read the phrases below. Identify the modifiers. See number 1 as an
example!

1. large black stones → size color noun

2. a shallow small lake →
3. cold tiny droplets →
4. sweet yellow corns →
5. powerful small ants →
6. beautiful white palace →
7. a unique golden monkey →
8. favorite slender minarets →
9. an enormous reddish snout →
10. misty grey morning →
11. an octagonal marble chamber →
12. four smaller domes →
13. breathtaking blue view →

17
 Chapter V
Let’s Visit Niagara Falls

PASSIVE VOICE

Passive voice adalah jenis kalimat atau klausa di mana subjek menerima
tindakan dari kata kerja. Pada passive voice, subject kalimat tidak
melakukan suatu tindakan/aksi melainkan subject menerima tindakan.
Berbeda dengan kalimat aktif, dimana subjek bertindak sebagai pelaku
tindakan. Active voice dapat diubah bentuk menjadi passive voice namun
hanya berlaku pada kalimat dengan transitive verbs. Transitive verbs adalah
kata kerja yang diikuti direct object. jadi singkat kata Passive Voice adalah
kalimat pasif yang mengandung makna di atau ter. Seperti dijual/terjual.

Hal yang harus dipahami didalam mempelajari Passive Voice adalah kata
kerja (Verb) karena semua kalimat Aktif yang dapat diubah ke dalam Passive
Voice adalah kalimat yang menggunakan kata kerja (Verb) dan kata kerja
tersebut adalah kata kerja bentuk ke-3 (Verb-3)

Kata kerja ada 3 jenis yaitu:

1. Verb 1>>> Present

2. Verb 2>>> Past
3. Verb 3>>> Past Participle

Selain memiliki 3 jenis, kata kerja (Verb) memiliki 2 bentuk, yaitu:

1. Regular Verb (beraturan): play-played-played

2. Irregular Verb (tidak beraturan): sing-sang-sung

Contoh berikut ini akan membantu anda memahami, mengapa harus kata
kerja (Verb) buka kata sifat (Adjective) atau pun kata benda (Noun)

• Active: May sings a song. (ini adalah sebuah kalimat Aktif, kalimat ini
dapat diubah kedalam kalimat Passive Voice)
• Passive Voice: A song is sung by May. (pahami! ada perubahan
struktur yang terjadi, tetapi tidak merubah arti sama sekali)
• Active: May is preety girl. (ini adalah sebuah kalimat Aktif tetapi
kalimat ini tidak dapat diubah ke dalam Passive Voice. Mengapa?
Karena kalimat ini tidak menggunakan kata
kerjamelainkan menggunakan kata sifat)
18
 • Active: May is an accountant (ini adalah sebuah kalimat Aktif tetapi
kalimat ini tidak dapat diubah ke dalam Passive Voice. Mengapa?
Karena kalimat ini tidak menggunakan kata
kerja melainkan menggunakan kata benda)

Fungsi Dari Passive Voice

Kalimat pasif atau passive voice digunakan untuk menunjukkan ketertarikan
pada seseorang atau objek yang dikenai tindakan dan bukan seseorang atau
objek yang melakukan tindakan. Jadi, hal atau orang yang terpenting akan
menjadi subjek kalimat.

Contoh

• The passive voice is used frequently. (= kita tertarik dengan kalimat

pasif, bukan siapa yang menggunakannya.)
• The house was built in 1654. (= kita tertarik dengan rumahnya, bukan
siapa yang membangunnya.)
• The road is being repaired. (= kita tertarik dengan jalannya, bukan
siapa yang melakukan perbaikan.)

Terkadang, kita menggunakan kalimat pasif karena kita tidak mengetahui

atau tidak ingin menyatakan siapa yang melakukan tindakan.

Contoh

• I noticed that a window had been left open.

• Every year thousands of people are killed on our roads.
• All the cookies have been eaten.
• My car has been stolen!

Kalimat pasif sering digunakan dalam teks formal. Mengubahnya menjadi

kalimat aktif akan membuat tulisan Anda lebih jelas dan lebih mudah
dibaca.

PASIF
A great deal of meaning is conveyed by
a few well-chosen words.
Our planet is wrapped in a mass of
gases.
Waste materials are disposed of in a
variety of ways.
AKTIF
A few well-chosen words convey a
great deal of meaning.
A mass of gases wrap around our
planet.
The city disposes of waste materials
in a variety of ways.

Jika ingin mengatakan siapa atau apa yang melakukan suatu tindakan
dalam kalimat pasif, kita menggunakan preposisi by. Saat kita mengetahui
siapa yang melakukan tindakan itu dan tertarik dengan subjeknya, lebih
baik kita mengubahnya ke kalimat aktif.

PASIF
“A Hard Day’s Night” was written by the
Beatles.
The movie ET was directed bySpielberg.
This house was built by my father.
AKTIF
The Beatles wrote “A Hard Day’s
Night”.
Spielberg directed the movie ET.
My father built this house.

Rumus Passive Voice

Rumus utama dari Passive Voice adalah:

To Be + V3

19
Penjelasan tentang To be
Simple Present Tense: To be yang digunakan yaitu: is/ am/ are (ingat! to be
ini akan diberikan hanya pada Passive Voice)

note:
A= Active
P= Passive Voice

1. A: Jack plays games.

P: Games are played by Jack.

Pertanyaan: Mengapa tidak menggunakan is, bukankah Subjek nya adalah

Jack?
Jawab: Benar Subjek nya adalah Jack tetapi ingat! Jack adalah Subjek
untuk kalimat Aktif bukan Passive Voice. Sedangkan Subjeck untuk Passive
Voice adalah Games. Karena Gamesadalah Plural maka harus
menggunakan to be are.

2. A: Jack plays game.

P: Game is played by Jack.

Pertanyaan: Mengapa kalimat ini menggunakan is? bukankah kalimatnya

pun sama seperti kalimat pertama diatas yang seharusnya
menggunakan are.
Jawab: Benar kalimat aktif pada no 2 memang sama dengan kalimat pertama
tetapi bila di perhatikan lebih jelas…lihat! ada perbedaan pada
kata Games (kalimat ke-1) Game (kalimat ke-2) ini berarti akan
ada perubahan to be karena Game adalah Singular. oleh sebab
itu Game akan menggunakan is sebagai to be. Contoh kalimat ke-1 dan ke-2
memiliki Subjek sama pada kalimat Aktif tetapi tidak untuk kalimat Passive
Voice.

3. A: She makes a cup of tea.

P: A cup of tea is made by her.

Pertanyaan: Mr, mengapa She berubah menjadi her?

Jawab: Nah itu dia, She adalah sebuah Subjek dan Her memegang peranan
sebagai Objek. Jadi apabila She pada kalimat aktif maka untuk Passive
Voice nya She akan berubah menjadi her. Mengapa? ini disebabkan
karena She mengalami perubahan struktur dan posisi.
She berada di depan atau awal kalimat, She tidak bisa berada di belakang
kalimat tetapi She akan berubah menjadi her bila berada di posisi
belakang. Dan ini akan berlaku untuk semua Subjek.

Berikut ini adalah Subjek nya:

I – menjadi: me
You – menjadi: you
We – menjadi: us
They – menjadi: them
He – menjadi: him
She – menjadi: her
Jack – menjadi: Jack/ him
May – menjadi: May/ her

Simple Past Tense: To be yang digunakan yaitu: was/ were (ingat! to be ini
akan diberikan hanya pada Passive Voice)

20
note:
A= Active
P= Passive Voice

1. A: Jenny studiedEnglish.
P: English was studied by Janny.
2. A: Tom repairedthe computers.
P: The computers were repaired by Tom.
3. A: Mat drovea car.
P: A car was driven by him.
4. A: Adele sang Someone like you and Rolling in the deep.
P: Two songs were sung by her.

Simple Future Tense: To be yang digunakan yaitu: will be (ingat! to be ini

akan diberikan hanya pada Passive Voice)

note:
A= Active
P= Passive Voice

1. A: They will watcha football match.

P: A football match will be watched by them.
2. A: I will cook the soup.
P: The soup will be cooked by me.
3. A: He will sell his house.
P: His house will be sold by him.
4. A: She will write some novels.
P: Some novels will be written by her.

Simple Present Perfect Tense: To be yang digunakan yaitu: has been/ have
been (ingat! to be ini akan diberikan hanya pada Passive Voice)

note:
A= Active
P= Passive Voice

1. A: They have watched this movie.

P: This movie has been watched by them.
2. A: I have cooked dinner.
P: Dinner has been cooked by me.
3. A: Mark has sold his cars.
P: His cars have been sold by Mark.
4. A: May has bought some vegetables.
P: Some vegetables have been bought by her.

Membentuk passive voice

Kalimat pasif dalam bahasa Inggris terdiri dari dua unsur:
bentuk kata kerja to be yang sesuai + past participle

POSITIF NEGATIF PERTANYAAN PERTANYAAN

NEGATIF
The house was The house Was the house Wasn’t the house
built in 1899. wasn’t built in built in 1899? built in 1899?
1899.
These houses These houses Were these houses Weren’t these
were built in weren’t built in built in 1899? houses built in
1899. 1899. 1899?
To clean, passive voice
21
SUBJEK + TO BE + PAST + SISA KALIMAT
(DISESUAIKAN) PARTICIPLE
Simple present
The Is cleaned every day.
house
Present continuous
The is being cleaned at the moment.
house
Simple past
The was cleaned yesterday.
house
Past continuous
The was being cleaned last week.
house
Present perfect
The has been cleaned since you left.
house
Past perfect
The had been cleaned before they
house arrived.
Future
The will be cleaned next week.
house
Future continuous
The will be being cleaned tomorrow.
house
Present conditional
The would be cleaned if they had
house visitors.
Past conditional
The would have been cleaned if it had been
house dirty.
Inifinitive
The must be cleaned before we arrive.
house

Passive voice dengan infinitive

Kalimat pasif infinitive digunakan setelah modal kata kerja (modal verb), dan
kata kerja lainnya biasanya diikuti oleh infinitive.

Contoh

• You have to be tested on your English grammar.

• John might be promoted next year.
• She wants to be invited to the party.
• I expect to be surprised on my birthday.
• You may be disappointed.

Passive voice dengan gerund

Gerund digunakan setelah preposisi, dan kata kerja biasanya diikuti
oleh gerund.

Contoh

• I remember being taught to drive.

• The children are excited about being taken to the zoo.
• The children are excited to be taken to the zoo.

22
 • Most film stars hate being interviewed.
• Most film stars hate to be interviewed.
• Poodles like to be pampered.
• Poodles like being pampered.

Menggunakan ‘to be born’

To be born adalah bentuk pasif dan biasanya digunakan dalam bentuk past
tense. Namun, dalam beberapa kasus, present atau future tense dapat
digunakan.

Contoh

• I was born in 1976.

• Where were you born?
• Around 100 babies are born in this hospital every week.
• We don’t know on exactly which day the baby will be born.

Terkadang, kalimat pasif dibentuk menggunakan kata kerja to getatau to

have, dan bukan to be.

Contoh Kalimat Passive Voice menggunakan Media Gambar

1. Big Ben is a clock tower which was built in 1858.

Which adalah kata penghubung yang berfungsi untuk menggabungkan
2 kalimat kedalam 1 kalimat. Which dapat digunakan hanya untuk
benda saja.
Was built in 1858 adalah kalimat Passive Voice (Big Ben was built in
1858)

2. Big Ben is located in London which was designed by Charles Barry

Which adalah kata penghubung yang berfungsi untuk menggabungkan
2 kalimat kedalam 1 kalimat. Which dapat digunakan hanya untuk
bendasaja.
is located in London adalah kalimat Intransitive Passive Voiceyang
berarti kalimat ini tidak dapat diubah kedalam kalimat Aktif.
Was designed by Charles Barry adalah kalimat Passive Voice(Big Ben
was designed by Charles Barry)

23
Latihan 1
VISITING NIAGARA FALLS

Source: Dokumen Kemdikbud

Picture 5.3

Niagara Falls is the collective name for three waterfalls that cross the
international border between the Canadian province of Ontario and
the USA’s state of New York. They form the southern end of the
Niagara Gorge. From largest to smallest, the three waterfalls are the
Horseshoe Falls, the American Falls and the Bridal Veil Falls. The
Horseshoe Falls lie on the Canadian side and the American Falls on
the American side. They are separated by Goat Island. The smaller
Bridal Veil Falls are also located on the American side, separated from
the other waterfalls by Luna Island. There are various attractions that
people can enjoy in Niagara Falls, six of them are described here.
The first to enjoy in Niagara Falls is Cave of the Winds. This
attraction helps people get closer to the falls and go face-to-face with
the pounding waters of the Falls. People can get soaked on the
Hurricane Deck where they are just feet from the thundering waters.
Waterproof clothing and sandals are provided. A trip at night when the
Falls are illuminated in a rainbow of color is really amazing.
The second charm is Maid of the Mist Boat Tour. It is a world-
famous scenic boat tour of the American and Canadian Falls for about
a half-hour ride. People may access the tour via the Observation Tower
elevator at Prospect Point in the state park. The boat operates mid-May
until late October.
The next to visit in Niagara Falls is Niagara Adventure Theater.
Here tourists may enjoy the most powerful and involving film
experience that brings reality to life on a 45 foot screen. Audience
members are given the priviledge to discover the thundering Falls from
a completely new and exhilarating perspective, and plunge over them.
The theater shows hourly and free multi-language headsets are made
available.
Niagara Science Museum is another place to visit. It is a sanctuary
for the preservation and appreciation of old science instruments and
philosophical apparatus.
The fifth point of interest is Niagara’s Wax Museum of History.
Here, life-size wax figures portraying dramatic history of Niagara Falls are
presented to guests. They can see Fort Niagara Scene, Indian Village,
old store, blacksmith and barber shop scenes and how electricity is
made. Wax figures of Julia Roberts, Princess Diana and many more
are displayed here, too.
Finally, people can also enjoy Rainbow Air Helicopter Tours above
24
and around the American and Canadian Falls. The tours start from
downtown, next to the entrance to the Rainbow Bridge, and open from
9am to dusk when weather permits. The tours operate every day from
second weekend in May until October 31st.
The Niagara Falls are renowned both for their beauty and as a
valuable source of hydroelectric power. Managing the balance between
recreational, commercial, and industrial uses has been a challenge for
the stewards of the falls since the 19th century.

(Adapted from:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niagara_Falls and
http://www.niagara-usa.com/things-do/attractions/falls-
region)

Answer the following questions by referring to the text ‘Visiting Niagara

Falls.’!

1. Where is Niagara Falls located?

_______________________________________________________
2. Mention the three waterfalls that form the Niagara Falls.
_______________________________________________________
3. What can people enjoy in the Cave of the Winds?
_______________________________________________________
4. Can people ride on the Maid of the Mist Boat Tour in January?
_______________________________________________________

5. Where can people watch a film of the thundering falls with completely different
background?
_______________________________________________________
6. Can the tourists enjoy the film in their own language?
_______________________________________________________
7. What is kept in Niagara Science Museum?
_______________________________________________________
8. What is shown in Niagara’s Wax Museum of History?
_______________________________________________________
9. Where can people see the story of how electricity was made?
_______________________________________________________
10. If you had an opportunity to visit Niagara Falls, which attraction
would you visit first? Why?
_______________________________________________________

Latihan 2
Complete the following sentences using the words in the box. Remember
to use the correct forms.

cross Gorge attractions

pounding soaked waterproof
illuminated charm mist
scenic exhilarating plunge
sanctuary preservation dusk

1. Waves are against the pier. You

can hear the sound very clearly.
2. In the morning, the small town is covered in .
3. Explore Cheddar ________through photos in the internet. They
inspire you to come and visit.
4. Her shoes got _________as she walked through the wet grass.
5. Don’t forget to bring your ___________jacket. It’s dark outside, it’s
likely going to rain.
6. Somerset ______help her forget her complicated problems.
7. Christiano Ronaldo came to Bali to campaign for the
25
 of the environment.
8. The street lights go on at . Without the
lights, car drivers cannot see the traffic in front of them.
9. Look at that side. An sign flashed on
and off.
10. This is a region of beauty. All areas
are covered with trees; clean water flows uninterrupted, and
fresh air fills the sky.
11. I remember having an walk to Mount
Bromo two years ago.
12. The Rainbow bridge Niagara river.
13. On her last vacation, her car swerved and off
the cliff.
14. The of the nature reminds him of God’s greatness.
15. Tropical forest in Borneo is the largest wildlife
in Indonesia.
Latihan 3
Change the active verbs to passive verbs. Write the subject of the passive
sentence!

• SIMPLE PRESENT
(a) The teacher helps me. (a) by the teacher.
(b) The teacher helps Jane. (b) by the teacher.
(c) The teacher helps us. (c) by the teacher.

• SIMPLE PAST
(a) The teacher helped me. (a) by the teacher.
(b) The teacher helped them. (b) by the teacher.

• PRESENT PERFECT
(a) The teacher has helped Joe. (a) by the teacher.
(b) The teacher has helped us. (b) by the teacher.

• FUTURE
(a) The teacher will help me. (a) by the teacher.
(b) The teacher is going to help Tim. (b) by the teacher.

Latihan 4
Change the sentences from active to passive.

1. Ms. Hopkins invited me to dinner.

2. Thomas Edison invented the phonograph.
3. Water surrounds an island.
4. The magician held the show last week.
5. A plumber is going to fix the leaky faucet.
6. A doctor has examined the sick child.
7. A large number of people speak Spanish.
8. Helicopters fascinate children.
9. Shakespeare wrote Hamlet.
10. This news will amaze you.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

26
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

27
 Chapter VI
Giving Announcement

Kompetensi Dasar:
3.5 Menganalisis fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan beberapa teks
khususnya dalam bentuk pemberitahan (announcement), dengan memberi dan
meminta informasi terkait kegiatan sekolah/tempat kerja, sesuai dengan konteks
penggunaannya.
4.5 Menyusun teks khusus dalam bentuk pemberitahuan (announcement), lisan dan
tulis, pendek dan sederhana, dengan memperhatikan fungsi sosial,struktur teks
dan unsur kebahsaan, secara benar dan sesuai konteks.
MATERI

I Definitin (Pengertian)
Announcement(Pengumuman) adalah pemberitahuan baik secara lisan
maupun tulis yang ditujukan kepada orang lain/khalayak
umummmengenai suatu informasi tertentu.
II Social Fuction (tujuan)
To give information formally to others of certain events. Yaitu untuk
memberi informasi secara formal kepada orang lain mengenai even
tertentu.
III Structure (struktur teks)
Secara umum strukturnya adalah: Title danExplanation/information,
namun dapat dirinci sebagai berikut:
- - Title (Judul)

- - Receiver (Penerima)

- - Content/information (isi/informasi)

- - Sender (Pengirim)

IV Language Features (unsur Kebahasaan)

- Mostly we use simple present and simple future.
V Jenis Announcement
Pengumuman/Announcement banyak macamnya seperti:
- Pemberitahuan atau himbauan
- Pengumuman suatu kegiatan (events)
- Pengumuman orang hilang
- Lowongan pekerjaan
- Berita duka, pernikahan
- Iklan
- Pemberitahuan pembatalan acara.
-
VI. Contoh Announcement.
Contoh 1

Perhatikan bagian-bagian dari Announcement di atas. Ada title, receiver,

28
content/informasi dan yang terakhir adalah sender atau pengirim.

ATTENTION PLEASE!
Our school will have Some Competition that will be held on 17 August 2016 to celebrate
Indonesian’s Independence day. There are Running, swimming, and many other competition.
Registration will be held on 10th-15th August at Osis room.
Free Registration and full of prize!
For more Information contact our Osis chairperson.

Source: https://www.ilmubahasainggris.com/contoh-pengumuman/
VI Grammar Review
Forming nouns from verbs (Membentuk kata benda dari Kata kerja)
Untuk membuat kata benda dari kata kerja kita dapat menambahkan
sufiks seperti: -ion/sion, -ment, -ance/-ence, -al
Contoh:
- Register menjadi Registration
- Inform menjadi Information
- Decide menjadi Decision
- Agree menjadi Agreement
- Appoint menjadi Appointment
- Appear menjadi Appearance
- Deny menjadi Denial
1. a. We need to register soon.
b. The registration is on a first-come basis.

2. a. He is trying to deny the evidence that the police have presented.

b. His denial appears very ridiculous.

Latihan 1

TEXT 1

TEXT 2

29
 We hope that you enjoyed becoming a McMaster Mini-med student in 2014 and
we welcome you to become a student in 2015. The new seven week term will begin
on Tuesday, March 3, 2015 with classes held on March 24, March 24, March 31,
April 7, and April 14, 2015.

Registration will occur on a first-come basis. As the response for the previous years
was tremendous, it is advised to reoster as soon as possible. After all the student
spots are full, all others will be placed on a waiting list and will be contacted when
spots become available.

With registration fees participants receive:

• A reserved spot in the McMaster Mini-Med School Class 2015

• An ‘official’ Mini-Med School tote bag
• An ‘official’ Mini-Med School Clipboard and Pen
• An ‘official’ Mini-Med School Stadium blanket
• An ‘official’ Mini-Med School travel book light
• A McMaster Mini-Med School Certificate of Attendance that will be presented
on the last day of classes

For a list of speakers and further information including registration and fees,
please go to the following website:

http://www.medportal.ca/minimed/index.html

Or register online by visiting

www.fhs.mcmaster.ca/conted

After reading the text, in the chart below, identify the main
ideas of the paragraphs, then write the most important details
in your own words. And answer the question below!

TEXT 1
Paragraph Main Idea Details
1 The Faith & D - The management has
Entertainment just been notified by
Management announces CJes
the cancellation of the
Entertainment, the artiste
concert.
agency of JYJ.
- CJes Entertainment has
decided to cancel JYJ
World Tour Concert in
Singapore.
- The concert is scheduled
on 23 April 2011.

- The concert is held at

Singapore Indoor

30
 Stadium.

1. Who wrote the announcement?

___________________________________________________________________
2. When was the announcement released?
___________________________________________________________________
3. Who is the announcement for?
___________________________________________________________________
4. What is the announcement about?
___________________________________________________________________
5. When and where will actually the concert be held?
___________________________________________________________________
6. What has the Faith & D Entertainment Management submitted to
CJes Entertainment?
___________________________________________________________________
7. Has there been an announcement regarding ticket sale? Why do you
think so?
___________________________________________________________________
8. What did Faith & D Entertainment write in the last paragraph?
___________________________________________________________________

TEXT 2
Paragraph Main Idea Details
1 The McMaster Mini-Med - The school welcomes
School announces the the 2009 students.
commencement of the - The term lasts for
2009 program. seven weeks.
- The term begins Tuesday,
March 3, 2009.
2

31
 4

1. Who wrote the announcement?

___________________________________________________________________
2. Who is the announcement for?
___________________________________________________________________
3. What is the announcement about?
___________________________________________________________________
4. How long does the term last?
___________________________________________________________________
5. How does the registration occur? What does that mean?
___________________________________________________________________
6. What will the school do to the other applicants when all the student
spots are full?
___________________________________________________________________
7. What do the participants receive?
_________________________________________________________________

Latihan 2

Write an announcement from the student council to all students of

SMKN 5 Kota Bengkulu that informs the students to take part of school
anniversary activities.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

32
 Chapter VII
The Wright Brother
Kompetensi Dasar
3.6. Menganalisis fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan teks
interaksi transaksional lisan dan tulis yang melibatkan tindakan
memberi dan meminta informasi terkait
keadaan/tindakan/kegiatan/kejadian yang dilakukan/terjadi di waktu
lampau yang merujuk waktu terjadnya dan kesudahannya, sesuai
dengan konteks penggunaannya. (Perhatikan unsur kebahsaan simple
past tense vs presnt perfect)
4.2 Menyusun teks interaksi transaksional, lisan dan tulis, pendek dan
sedrhana, yang melibatkan tindakan unsur dan meminta informasi
terkait keadaan/ tindakan/kegiatan/kejadian yang dilakukan/terjadi di
wkatu lampau yang merujuk waktu terjadnya dan kesudahaannya,
dengan memperhatikan fungsi sosial, struktur teks dan unsur
kebahasaan yang benar dan sesuai konteks.
MATERI : SIMPLE PAST TENSE

Pengertian Simple Past Tense

Simple Past tense adalah suatu bentuk tense yang menggambarkan suatu
kejadian yang terjadi pada satu spesifik waktu di masa lampau. Kata kerja
yang digunakan pada tense ini harus berupa kata kerja kedua (verb 2).
Serupa dengan simple present tense, bentuk ini merupakan salah satu tense
yang paling dasar dan sering digunakan pada saat penulisan atau
percakapan dalam bahasa Inggris.
Rumus Simple Past Tense
Tense ini terdiri dari gabungan aspek simple (pada satu spesifik waktu) dan
bingkai waktu past (masa lampau).

Bentuk Rumus Simple Past Tense Contoh Kalimat

· Subject + verb 2 + object · We attended the festival last
Positif · Subject + to be (was/were) week
(+) + adjective/adverb · She was absent yesterday
· Subject + did not + infinitive
verb + object
· Subject + was/were + not + · We did not attend the festival
Negatif adjective/adverb last week
(-) · She was not absent yesterday
· Did + subject + infinitive verb
+ object? · Did they attend the festival last
· Was/were + subject + week?
Interrogative adjective/adverb? · Was she absent yesterday?
(?)
Kata Kerja Kedua (Verb 2)
Pada dasarnya, simple past tense memiliki struktur yang sama dengan
simple present tense. Hal yang membedakan keduanya adalah waktu dan
kata kerja yang digunakan. Bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan pada simple
past tense harus berupa bentuk kata kerja kedua atau kata kerja masa
lampau, yang terdiri dari dua jenis sebagai berikut:

Regular verbs
Ditambahkan imbuhan Contoh:
d/ed pada akhir kata Ask menjadi asked Look menjadi
kerja dasar. looked

33
 Decide menjadi decided Love menjadi loved

Destroy menjadi destroyed Select menjadi

selected

Endure menjadi endured Study menjadi

studied

Happen menjadi happened Surrender menjadi

surrendered

Contoh:
Be menjadi was/were Build menjadi
built

Begin menjadi began Choose menjadi

chose

Irregular verbs Break menjadi broke Do menjadi did

Arti irregular di sini
adalah kata kerja tidak Bring menjadi brought Make menjadi
mengikuti formula made
baku d/ed dan
mempunyai bentuk Buy menjadi bought Teach menjadi
kedua sendiri. taught

Mengingat terdapat banyak kata kerja ireguler dalam bahasa Inggris, simple
past tense dapat menjadi sedikit sulit untuk diaplikasikan dengan tepat. Oleh
karena itu, kita harus berusaha mengingat dengan baik kata kerja kedua
irregular dalam bahasa Inggris untuk menghasilkan kalimat simple past
tense yang tepat.

Keterangan Waktu
Pada kalimat simple past tense, biasanya disebutkan juga keterangan waktu
kapan suatu kejadian terjadi, sebagai berikut:

· In 1945, Indonesia successfully got

a) Suatu tahun atau bulan yang
sudah berlalu
b) Frasa waktu yang didahului last,
seperti:
last week, last month, last year, last
holiday
its independence from Japan
· On February 2015, my parents
moved to the United States
· I graduated last month
· Last night, I had a date with my
boyfriend
· Last holiday, I went to Bali

c) Frasa waktu yang diikuti oleh ago,

seperti: · My passport expired one year ago
three months ago, a few days ago, one · The legendary singer Prince died a
year ago few days ago

d) Keterangan waktu lainnya yang
menyatakan waktu lampau, seperti:
yesterday, the day before yesterday,
this morning
· She did not come to the office
yesterday
· I had my breakfast this morning
· I broke up with my boyfriend the day

34
 before yesterday

Penggunaan

Kita telah mengetahui pengertian dan formula dari simple past tense. Untuk
bisa menggunakan dan mengenalinya dengan tepat, kita juga harus
memahami penggunaannya, yaitu sebagai berikut:

Penggunaan Contoh Kalimat

· I met my husband in 2014
· We visited Sydney for our honeymoon

· The plane did not take off that day

a) Untuk menjelaskan suatu Semua perisitiwa tersebut terjadi pada

kejadian yang terjadi pada suatu suatu waktu pasti di masa lampau.
waktu pasti di masa lampau
· Rose attended Harvard University for
four years as an undergraduate
· Royton lived abroad for five years

· She played a lot of piano when she was

younger

Semua kejadian tersebut berlangsung

b) Untuk menjelaskan kejadian
yang berlangsung dalam suatu
periode di masa lampau
dalam suatu periode tertentu di masa
lampau. Berarti hal-hal tersebut sudah
tidak terjadi lagi saat ini.
· Alex swam a lot while he was on holiday
· When I lived in Tokyo, I always walked a
mile to my school every day

· His boyfriend went to visit her every

summer break until they broke up

Semua kejadian tersebut merupakan

c) Untuk menunjukkan suatu
kebiasaan atau aksi yang
dilakukan berulang kali pada
masa lampau
kebiasaan yang sering dilakukan pada
masa lampau. Ini berarti kebiasaan
tersebut sudah tidak dilakukan lagi saat
ini. Jadi, menggunakan simple past tense.
· Reese always knew that she wanted to be
a lawyer
· I was so happy during my study in New
York

· My father was so proud of me when I

won the spelling bee competition

Persepsi diri dan emosi yang dirasakan

oleh subjek terjadi pada masa lampau. Ini
d) Untuk mengungkapkan berarti perasaan atau persepsi tersebut
persepsi diri dan emosi yang sudah tidak ada lagi saat ini.
dirasakan pada masa lampau
e) Untuk menjelaskan kepunyaan · She did not have a car when she was in
35
atau kepemilikan pada masa college
lampau · My family did not own a house

· The books belonged to my brother

Kalimat-kalimat simple past tense

tersebut menyatakan bahwa kepemilikan
atau ketidakpunyaan terkait terjadi di
masa lampau.

Pada umumnya, penggunaan simple past tense sama dengan penggunaan

simple present tense. Yang membedakan hanyalah bahwa aksi atau peristiwa
terkait sudah terjadi di masa lampau dan tidak terjadi lagi pada masa
sekarang

Pengertian Past Continuous Tense

Past continuous tense adalah bentuk tense yang digunakan untuk

menyatakan bahwa suatu aksi sedang berlangsung selama waktu tertentu
pada waktu lampau (past). Bentuk ini menunjukkan bahwa aksi tersebut
terjadi sebelum (began before), selama (was in progress during), dan mungkin
berlanjut setelah (continued after) waktu atau aksi lainnya yang terjadi pada
masa lampau.

Apabila kita sudah memahami present continuous tense dengan baik,

pemahaman mengenai past continuous tense tidaklah sulit untuk
didapatkan.

Contoh kalimat:
She was sleeping when his parents arrived at 21.00.

Penjelasan:
Dia sedang tidur ketika orang tuanya tiba pada pukul 21.00. Ini berarti
bahwa dia telah tidur sebelum jam 21.00 (began before), masih tidur ketika
orang tuanya tiba pada pukul 21.00 (was in progress), dan mungkin masih
tidur setelah jam 21.00 (continued after). Semua rangkaian kejadian tersebut
terjadi pada suatu waktu di masa lampau, yang artinya sudah tidak terjadi
pada saat ini.

Rumus Past Continuous Tense

Untuk membentuk kalimatnya, kita harus menerapkan rumus bentuk

lampau dari be + present participle (-ing) pada kata kerja utama.
Bentuk Rumus Past Continuous Tense Contoh Kalimat

She was waiting for you

yesterday
Positif Subjek + be (was/were) + verb (- They were discussing my
(+) ing) + … birthday party

She was not waiting for you

yesterday
Negatif Subjek +be (was/were) + not + They were not discussing my
(-) verb (-ing) + … birthday party

Was she waiting for you

Interrogatif Be (was/were) + subjek + verb (- yesterday?
36
(?) ing) + …? Were they discussing my
birthday party?

Penggunaan
Bentuk past continuous tense secara khusus digunakan untuk keadaan
sebagai berikut:
Penggunaan Contoh Kalimat

Ryan was eating lunch at 12.00.

a) Untuk menunjukkan bahwa
suatu aksi dimulai, berlangsung,
dan selesai di masa lalu.
Penjelasan:
Ryan makan siang pada pukul 12.00.
Berarti, peristiwa ketika Ryan makan
siang dimulai, berlangsung, dan selesai
di masa lalu. Jadi, pada saat ini Ryan
tidak sedang makan siang.

Mr. Hill was watching a movie when the

lamp fell on the floor.
Penjelasan:
Tuan Hill sedang menonton film ketika
b) Untuk menunjukkan bahwa lampu jatuh ke lantai. Jadi, peristiwa
suatu aksi terjadi terlebih dahulu Tuan Hill menonton film terjadi
dan masih berlangsung ketika aksi sebelum dan masih berlangsung ketika
kedua terjadi. Biasanya lampu jatuh ke lantai. Kedua rangkaian
berpasangan dengan kalimat simple peristiwa tersebut terjadi di masa
past. lampau.

Shella was talking on the phone while

Alan was reading his book.
c) Untuk menunjukkan bahwa dua Penjelasan:
aksi berlangsung secara bersamaan. Shella sedang berbicara di telepon
Biasanya terdapat dua bentuk past ketika Alan sedang membaca bukunya.
continuous tense dalam satu Kedua peristiwa ini terjadi pada saat
kalimat. yang bersamaan di masa lalu.

While, When, As Soon As

Mengingat kalimatnya tidak selalu berdiri sendiri dan umumnya ditemani

oleh kalimat simple past, maka penting untuk mengetahui penggunaan
while, when, dan as soon as sebagai keterangan waktu yang sering dijumpai
pada bentuk kalimat past continuous tense.
While she was getting ready for work,
her baby fell from bed.
Penjelasan:
While Saat dia sedang bersiap-siap untuk
Menunjukkan bahwa suatu aksi yang kerja, bayinya jatuh dari tempat tidur.
mengikutinya sedang berlangsung. Berarti, kegiatan dimana dia bersiap-
Oleh karena itu, keterangan waktu siap untuk kerja terjadi sebelum dan
while selalu diikuti oleh bentuk past masih berlangsung ketika bayinya
continuous tense. jatuh dari tempat tidur.

When While she was getting ready for work,

Menunjukkan suatu aksi yang terjadi her baby fell from bed.
pada satu spesifik waktu. Oleh Penjelasan:

37
karena itu, umumnya diikuti oleh
bentuk simple past tense.
Kejadian dimana bayinya jatuh dari
tempat terjadi pada satu spesifik
waktu di masa lalu. Sehingga when
lebih tepat untuk digunakan daripada
while.

As soon as she found out that her

baby fell, she put her baby back to
As soon as bed.
Berfungsi sama dengan when namun Penjelasan:
lebih mempunyai arti “segera Segera setelah dia mengetahui bahwa
setelah”. Umumnya diikuti oleh bayinya jatuh, dia mengembalikan
bentuk simple past tense. bayinya ke tempat tidur.

Jadi, bentuk kalimatnya umumnya diawali oleh keterangan waktu while

ketika berada dalam kalimat kompleks. Namun, when juga sering diikuti oleh
kalimat past continuous, umumnya pada percakapan sehari-hari.
Simple Past vs Past Continuous
Untuk memudahkan dalam membedakan penggunaan kedua bentuk tense
ini, perhatikan penjelasan berikut:

Simple Past Past Continuous

a) Untuk aksi yang terjadi berulang- a) Untuk aksi yang berlangsung pada
ulang atau secara reguler di masa masa lampau.
lampau. Contoh kalimat:
Contoh kalimat: ▪ Keanu was cooking in his dorm
o Keanu always cooked by himself. last night.
o Shella usually walked to her
campus. ▪ Shella was waiting for rain to
stop yesterday.

b) Untuk menyatakan situasi yang

b) Untuk menyatakan keadaan yang
terjadi secara cepat, satu kali, dan
umumnya sebagai interupsi ketika
berpasangan dengan bentuk past
continuous.
Contoh kalimat:
o Shella broke her leg while she was
skiing,
o The doorbell rang when Keanu was
cooking.
berlangsung pada saat suatu
interupsi dilakukan. Umumnya
berpasangan dengan bentuk simple
past.
Contoh kalimat:
▪ Shella was reading book when
her mother called her to eat
dinner.
▪ Alan was fixing his bicycle
when his friend came to his
house.

Sama dengan bentuk present continuous, kata kerja statis (stative verbs)
umumnya tidak digunakan dalam kalimat past continuous tense karena
tidak dapat mendeskipsikan suatu aksi. Oleh karena itu, kita perlu
memperhatikan secara cermat penggunaan kata kerja dalam bentuk
continuous agar bisa menghasilkan suatu kalimat yang tepat dan sesuai
dengan ketentuan tata bahasa Inggris yang baik.

38
Latihan 1
Interview With The Wright Brothers

In 1905, there was a TV talkshow that interview great inventors at that time.
Below is a script of interview with The Wright brothers.

Host : Hello and welcome to our talkshow tonight, Great Inventors! Today
we have very special guests, Orville and Wilbur Wright. We are going
to ask them about their revolutionary inventions.What do you call
your invention?
Orville : We invented airplane.
Host : Airplane? What is the tool for?
Wilbur : It’s a tool that will help human being to fly!
Host : Oohhh, is it like a flying car? How did you get the inspiration?
Orville : Our dad gave us a toy helicopter that flew with the help of rubber
bands. We’ve been interested in the idea since then.
Wilbur : Orville has always liked to build kites, so, we have experimented
with making our own helicopters for a while now.
Host : But that was only a toy, what about the actual plane?
Wilbur : Orville made the first flight with our first plane at Kitty Hawk on
December 14, 1903.
Host : Why did you choose Kitty Hawk?
Orville : Kitty Hawk had a hill, good breezes, and was sandy. The condition
would help soften the landings in case of a crash. The first flight
lasted 12 seconds and they flew for 120 feet.
Wilbur : We have worked and experimented with gliders to perfect the wing
design and controls since then.
Host : I see. So you’ve had the newest version of your airplane?
Wilbur : Yes. Recently, I took a newly designed airplane that we called the
Flyer II for the first flight lasting over 5 minutes.
Host : How amazing! I think this invention will be a big thing soon.
Wilbur : Our father has asked us not to fly together. He said it’s for the safety reason.
Orville : Yes, we will continue making more experiment so that airplane will be
available for everyone soon.
Host : Okay, we wish you good luck with the next experiments.

Fill the dialog with the correct expressions based on the conversation
above!

1.
How did you get the inspiration?

Host

Wilbur Wright

Did you have any other interest that inspired you?

2.

Host

Orville Wright
39
 3.
Did you make the actual
plane?

Host

Wilbur Wright
4.
Why did you choose Kitty Hawk for the first flight?

Host

Orville Wright

5.
How long did the first flight last?

Host

Orville Wright

Latihan 2
Complete the sentence using the words from the list below. You may
need to use more than one word for one sentence.

inventors invention airplane

tool inspiration helicopter
rubber band interested kites
experiment breeze soften
broke flight glider
design

1. Wright brothers were great . Airplane was

their great .
2. One of the essential in the kitchen is a
knife which is used in almost all cooking activities.
3. “Do you see that big H on the ground?” “That’s a spot for
landing.”
4. It’s bright, sunny and windy today. The kids must be very happy because
they can go out and play .
40
 5. The students are in the biology lab today. They are going to conduct
an
with frogs!
6. I can tie my hair into a pony tail using a .
7. Some artists have different sources of for
their work. It can be natural scenery, traditional dances, people’s
activities, etc.
8. When the begins to take off, its tires
fold up into their compartment.
9. I am not in baking cakes. I like
knitting better.
10. When the car hit the tree, the windshield into
pieces.
Latihan 3

Think of yesterday. What did you do? What didn’t you do? List the verbs
of your activities yesterday.

Things you did yesterday Things you didn’t do yesterday

Use the words in Task 1 to make sentences in the simple past tense.

Latihan 4

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.
41
9.

10.

42