Rochim B Cahyono

rochimbakti@ugm.ac.id

Komunitas elisa.ugm.ac.id : Ekotek B Teknik Kimia

Pengantar Ekonomi Teknik

PILIH MANA???
Learning outcome
 Mampu menerapkan konsep yang
berkaitan dengan nilai waktu dari uang
 Mampu melakukan analisis keuntungan
dan kemenarikan ekonomi
 Mampu memilih alternatif investasi
berdasarkan analisis benefit cost ratio
Course topics
a. Modal tetap dan modal kerja.
b. Jenis-jenis biaya.
c. Konsep nilai waktu dari uang.
d. Analisis cash flow.
e. Depresiasi.
f. Analisis keuntungan.
g. Parameter-parameter untuk menyatakan profitabilitas (NPV,
ROI, Payback period, IRR/DCFRR, BEP, SDP, dll.).
h. Metode-metode pembandingan alternatif rencana investasi.
i. Proses pengambilan keputusan berbasis analisis ekonomi
atas alternatif rencana investasi.
j. Analisis kasus yang mengandung ketidakpastian.
k. Analisis sensitivitas ekonomi.
Course outline …
Week Topic
1 Introduction
2 Cash Flow
3 Time Value of Money
4 Time Value of Money
(continued)
5 Time Value of Money
(continued)
6 Investment Plan
Analysis
7 Economical Analysis
with Risk Consideration
Sub-topics
Course outline, learning outcome, course contract,
Principles of engineering economic ,Engineering
economic application in Chemical Engineering fields
Cash flow definition, Cash income, Cash cost, Cash
flow development in the form in the form of table and
figure
Simple interest: ordinary and exact, Compound
interest: nominal and effective
Uniform series payment, Uniform series compound
amount factor, uniform series sinking fund factor
Capital recovery, Present value uniform series
Arithmetic gradient, Geometric gradient
Present value analysis, Annual value analysis
Uncertainty factors and risk
… Course outline
Week Topic Sub-topics
8 Economical Analysis with Problem solving process in economical analysis
Risk Consideration with risk consideration
(continued)
9 Capital Fixed capital, Working capital
10 Expense Expenses in plant operation, Manufacturing cost,
General expense
11 Depreciation and Profit Depreciation, Sales, Profit
Analysis
12 Profitability Parameters Percent profit on sales, ROI, Venture profitability,
Pay-out time
13 Profitability Parameters IRR/DCFRR, BEP, SDP
(continued)
14 Case studies
Rule & Assessment
 Minimum attendance is 75%.
 Grading:
 Homework & other assignment: 20% (max)
 Midterm exam: 35%
 Final exam: 45%
References
 Newnan, D.G., Engineering Economic
Analysis
 Degarmo, E.P., Sullivan, W.G., and
Bontadelli, J.A., Engineering Economy
 Peters, M.S. and Timmerhaus, K.D.,
Plant Design and Economics for
Chemical Engineers
 Couper, Process Engineering
Economics
Introduction to Engineering economics
What is Economics?
 “A science that deals with the allocation,
or use, of scarce (avalaible) resources for
the purpose of fulfilling society’s needs
and wants.” – Addison-Wesley
Dealing With Scarcity –
When There Is Not Enough For Everyone - Someone Suffers
Engineering Economy
 It deals with the concepts and
techniques of analysis useful in
evaluating the worth of systems,
products, and services in relation to their
costs
Engineering Economy
 It is used to answer many different questions
 Which engineering projects are worthwhile?
○ Has the mining or petroleum engineer shown that the
mineral or oil deposits is worth developing?
 Which engineering projects should have a higher
priority?
○ Has the industrial engineer shown which factory
improvement projects should be funded with the
available dollars?
 How should the engineering project be designed?
○ Has civil or mechanical engineer chosen the best
thickness for insulation?
Pendahuluan
APA YANG KITA PELAJARI?

 Konsep “equivalence” yang digunakan dalam

Ekonomi Teknik akan membantu kita untuk
mengerti, bahwa untuk sejumlah uang yang
berbeda dalam waktu yang berbeda, bisa
dianggap sama dalam term ekonomi.
 Disini kita juga akan belajar bahwa “faktor
bunga” sederhana (simple interest) akan
berbeda dengan bunga majemuk (compound
interest)
Keputusan Strategis Didasarkan Ekonomi
Teknik
 Pemilihan Peralatan dan Proses
 Penggantian Peralatan
 Produk Baru dan Perluasan Produk
 Pengurangan Biaya
 Perbaikan Pelayanan
 Public Works
 Cost Effectiveness
 PROSES PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN

Identifikasi Masalah, Menetapkan tujuan

• CashFlow : perkiraan arus kas
masuk (pendapatan) dan arus
Alternatif 1 Alternatif 2 kas keluar (biaya) dari uang.

Mesin Baru Upgrade mesin lama

Deskripsi dan informasi Deskripsi dan informasi

•Perkiraan Income
Cashflow selama dan biaya Cashflow selama
Beberapa periode •Strategi pembiayaan Beberapa periode
•Peraturan Pajak • Analisis Menggunakan
Ekonomi Teknik : Perhitungan
yang mempertimbangkan time
Analysis dengan •Nilai waktu dari uang Analysis dengan value of money, dilakukan
menggunakan model •Suku Bunga menggunakan model pada arus kas untuk setiap
Ekonomi Teknik •Nilai keseluruhan Ekonomi Teknik alternatif untuk mendapatkan
hasil pengukuran.

Evaluasi Menghitung nilai Evaluasi

Alternatif 1 Keseluruhan Alternatif 2

• Pemilihan Alternatif : Hasil

pengukuran tersebut
dibandingkan, dan dipilih yang
paling baik. Ini adalah hasil
dari analisis ekonomi teknik.

Atribut non ekonomis yang harus dipertimbangkan

Implementasi alternatif yang dipilih

Making Economic Decisions
 Every decision we make involves
trade-offs – alternatives that we must
give up when we make a choice
 The most desirable of the options you
pass up is called the Opportunity
Cost