OMA VENICE BIENNALE 2010

CRONOCAOS
Rem Koolhaas, August 2010

Architects – we who change the world – have been oblivious or hostile to the manifestations of preservation. Since 1981, in Portoghesi’s “Presence of the
Past”, there has been almost no attention paid to preservation in successive architecture Biennales.

OMA and AMO has been obsessed, from the beginning, with the past. Our initial idea for this exhibition was to focus on 26 projects that have not been
presented before as a body of work concerned with time and history. In this room, we show the documentary debris of these efforts. But 2010 is the
perfect intersection of two tendencies that will have so-far untheorised implications for architecture: the ambition of the global taskforce of ‘preservation’
to rescue larger and larger territories of the planet, and the – corresponding? – global rage to eliminate the evidence of the postwar period of architecture
as a social project. In the second room, we show the wrenching simultaneity of preservation and destruction that is destroying any sense of a linear
evolution of time. The two rooms together document our period of acute CRONOCAOS.
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Embedded in huge waves of development, which seem to transform the planet at an ever-accelerating speed, there is another kind of transformation at
work: the area of the world declared immutable through various regimes of preservation is growing exponentially. A huge section of our world
(about 12%) is now off-limits, submitted to regimes we don’t know, have not thought through, cannot influence. At its moment of surreptitious apotheosis,
preservation does not quite know what to do with its new empire.

As the scale and importance of preservation escalates each year, the absence of a theory and the lack of interest invested in this seemingly remote
domain becomes dangerous. After thinkers like Ruskin and Viollet-Le-Duc, the arrogance of the modernists made the preservationist look like a futile,
irrelevant figure. Postmodernism, in spite of its lip service to the past, did no better. The current moment has almost no idea how to negotiate the
coexistence of radical change and radical stasis that is our future.
3
As we head towards a climax of preservation, ambiguities and contradictions build up:

• Selection criteria are by definition vague and elastic, because they have to embrace as many conditions as the world contains.

• Time cannot be stopped in its tracks, but there is no consideration in the arsenal of preservation of how its effects should be managed, how the
‘preserved’ could stay alive, and yet evolve.

• There is little awareness in preservation of how different cultures have interpreted permanence, or of the variations in material, climate and
environment, which in themselves require radically different modes of preservation.

• With its own undeclared ideology, preservation prefers certain authenticities. Others – typically, politically difficult ones – it suppresses, even if they
are crucial to understanding history.

• Through preservation’s ever-increasing ambitions, the time lag between new construction and the imperative to preserve has collapsed from two
thousand years to almost nothing. From retrospective, preservation will soon become prospective, forced to take decisions for which it is entirely
unprepared.

• From a largely cultural concern, preservation has become a political issue, and heritage a right – and like all rights, susceptible to political
correctness. Bestowing an aura of authenticity and loving care, preservation can trigger massive surges in development. In many cases, the past
becomes the only plan for the future…

• Preservation’s continuing emphasis on the exceptional – that which deserves preservation – creates its own distortion. The exceptional becomes the
norm. There are no ideas for preserving the mediocre, the generic.
4
In a global groundswell of revulsion, one particular genre has escaped the embrace of preservation. Open season has been declared on postwar
social architecture. At its zenith, a strong public sector created the conditions in which architecture as a social project could flourish. At its nadir, a
public sector, debilitated by the market, destroys it. There is now a global consensus that postwar architecture – and the optimism it embodied about
architecture’s ability to organise the social world – was an aesthetic and ideological debacle. Our resignation is expressed in the flamboyant architecture
of the market economy, which has its own built-in commercial expiration date.

Just like modernization – of which it is part – preservation was a western invention. But with the waning of western power, it is no longer in the west’s
hands. We are no longer the ones that define its values. The world needs a new system mediating between preservation and development. Could there
be the equivalent of carbon trading in modernization? Could one modernizing nation ‘pay’ another nation not to change? Could backwardness become a
resource, like Costa Rica’s rainforest? Should China save Venice?
5
VESTIBULE

The vestibule is an informal space showing the documentary debris of OMA’s

preservation efforts including site photos, the cushion designed for the Maison a
Bordeaux, and nazi furniture on loan from Haus der Kunst.

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 OMA HISTORY

RESEARCH

VESTIBULE

Exhibition plan

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VESTIBULE

8
9
RESEARCH

Four parallel hanging tubes organize the space of the sec-

ond room in five bands corresponding to five topics of OMA
preservation research.

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 OMA HISTORY

RESEARCH

VESTIBULE

Exhibition plan

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12
13
14
 OMA HISTORY

Intro RESEARCH

VESTIBULE

Exhibition plan

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INTRODUCTION
CRONOCAOS: in a hundred years, the Reichstag in Berlin
underwent at least four different incarnations, each memorable,
the last and current incarnation – Foster’s – probably definitive. It
contains no trace of the earlier identities…

Paul Wallot (1841-1912) Marinus van der Lubbe

Built (1894) Burnt (1933) (1909-1934)

Christo (1935-) and Jeanne-Claude Sir Norman Foster

Wrapped (1995) (1935-2009) Upgraded (1999) (1935-)
 Preservation and modernity are not opposites. Preservation was
‘invented’ as part of a groundswell of modern innovation between
the French Revolution and the Industrial Revolution in England. In a
maelstrom of change, it is crucial to decide what will stay the same…

Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings (UK) 1877

Commission des Monuments (France) 1790

ULTRASONOGRAPHY 1953 PRIVATE SPACEFLIGHT 2001

FLOPPY DISK 1952 ETHERNET1973 WIRELESS ENERGY 2008
AIR CONDITIONER 1902 CREDIT CARD 1950 ANTIBIOTICS 1953 GPS 1993
VITASCOPE 1895 RADIOCARBON DATING 1938 NEOPRENE 1930 PLASMA TV 2007
METHAMPHETAMINE 1894 NUCLEAR POWER 1960 NUCLEAR OSCILATION 1960 IPOD 2001
RADIO 1893 X-RAY 1895 LASER 1960 COMPUTER MOUSE 1963 ARTIFICIAL EYE 2007
UNDERGROUND RAILWAY 1863 DYNAMITE 1866 NUCLEAR WEAPONS 1945 LCD 1971 WWW 1990
PETROLEUM REFINED PROCESS 1859 TV 1923 COMPUTER 1938 SATELLITE 1957 MOBILE PHONE 1977
HEATING RADIATOR 1857 DYNAMO 1875 HAND CAMERA 1888 SUPERSONIC JET 1947 LED LAMP 2000
LIGHT BULB 1852 CATHODE RAY TUBE 1878 RADAR 1922 CONTRACEPTIVE PILL 1951 SYNTHETIC SKIN 2002
GYROSCOPE1852 MOVING PICTURES 1852 MICROWAVES 1946 WALKMAN 1979 SOCIAL NETWORKING 2004
ELECTRIC MOTOR1832 RIFLE1860 AEROSOL SPRAY 1926 ANTIBIOTICS 1928 SEQUENCING GENOME 1928 LHC 2009
PORTLAND CEMENT1826 CONTACT LENS1887 ASPIRIN 1897 VITAMIN B 1910 VIDEOTAPE 1956 AIRBORNE WIND TURBINE 2008
COMBUSTION ENGINE1826 PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL 1883 TANK 1914 BAZOOKA ROCKET 1914 ORBITAL MODULE 1966 IPAD 2010
ELECTROMAGNET1823 STENOTYPE 1830 MAGNETIC TAPE RECORDER 1899 TURING MACHINE 1937 KEVLAR 1965 SMARTPHONE 1992
KALEIDOSCOPE 1817 BICYCLE 1818 CABLE CAR 1871 ESCALATOR 1891 HELICOPTER 1907 DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY 1969 ARTIFICIAL HEART 1982
LITHOGRAPHY1796 HOT AIR BALLOON 1783 POWERED ELECTRICALS 1869 NEUTRON REACTOR 1965 SPACE SHUTTLE 1981 GOOGLE 1998
STEAM BOAT 1766 PHOTOGRAPHY1826 PHONOGRAPH 1877 TROLLEY CAR 1884 JET ENGINE 1937 FIBER GLASS 1938 COMPACT DISK 1980 NANOTUBES 1980
CYLINDER ENGINE 1766 VACCINATION1798 REFRIGERATOR 1834 PASTEURIZATION 1862 PYREX 1915 TRANSISTOR 1947 KARAOKE 1971 SEA LAUNCH 1999 WOW 2004
LIGHTNING ROD 1762 ARGAND LAMP1780 REVOLVER 1835 VULCANIZATION 1839 DIESEL 1895 NEON LIGHT 1902 EMAIL 1961 INTEGRATED CIRCUITS 1971 TETRIS 1984
CHRONOMETER 1737 CARBONATED WATER 1767 BRAILLE 1824 TELEPHONE 1849 OFFSET PRESS1870 POLYGRAPH 1921 POLAROID CAMERA 1947 COMPACT DISK 1980
STEAM ENGINE 1696 THERMOMETER 1714 PISTON ENGINE 1762 ELECTRIC BATTERY 1800 ANAESTHESIA 1842 GAS TURBINE1899 STORAGE PLANT 1902 MICROPROCESSOR 1971 SILDENAFIL 1989
TELESCOPE 1609 SLIDE RULE 1620 TUNING FORK 1711 CAST IRON 1732 STATIC ELECTRICITY 1752 STETHOSCOPE 1814 TYPEWRITER1843 SEISMOGRAPH 1880 XEROGRAPHY 1938 HUMAN SPACEFLIGHT 1961 WIKIPEDIA 2001

1700 1800 1900 20 0 0

The objects / sites / landscapes /
seascapes / moonscapes that are
to be preserved increase in scale
and area without an apparent
upper limit. In 2009, the Rhätische
Bahn in Switzerland was declared
a UNESCO heritage site: a railway
of 384km. The ‘buffer zone’ of
contributing territory is 109,537
hectares...
1811 ANCIENT MONUMENTS The Commission des embellissements de la ville de Rome provides a budget for preservation of Roman antiquity.
Monuments
Commission des
embellissements de la
ville de Rome
1811
2009 RITUAL CEREMONIES Veracruz State, Mexico
1999 BATTLEFIELDS WWI Tranchées, Bouconville-Vauclair, France
1998 SKI RESORTS Courchevel, France
1997 CONCENTRATION CAMPS Auschwitz, Poland
1993 DEPARTMENT STORES Colwell Dept. Store, USA
1993 FACTORIES Engelsburg Ironworks, Sweden
1980 AMUSEMENT RIDES Coney Island Parachute Jump, New York, USA
1979 OFFICE BUILDINGS Flat Iron Building, New York, USA
1966 BRIDGES Brooklyn Bridge, New York, USA
1872 NATURAL LANDSCAPES President Ulysses S. Grant signs the Act of Dedication, creating Yellowstone National Park, USA
1844 RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS Notre Dame restored, France
1853 HISTORIC TOWN CENTRES The Cité de Carcassonne is protected and restored under the supervision of Viollet-le-Duc
1896 HOUSES The Clergy House, UK
1966 LIGHT HOUSES Boston Light, USA
1975 CEMETERIES Mount Auburn Cemetery, Cambridge, Mass., USA
1979 RAILWAYS Avon Valley Railway, UK
1982 ISLANDS Aldabara Atoll, Seychelles
1990 CASINOS Water Witch Club Casino, New Jersey, USA
1995 CULTURAL LANDSCAPES Rice Terraces, Philippines
1996 DAMS Bosméléac, France
2002 HIGHWAYS Long Island Parkway, New York
2008 ORAL HERITAGE Gelede, Togo
Buildings Buildings & Setback Districts Natural Landscapes Cultural Landscapes Mixed Natural / Cultural Landscape Planetary Bodies
Notre Dame (France) French law stipulates 100m SoHo (New York) designated Great Barrier Reef (Australia) designated Blaenavon Industrial Landscape (UK) designated Rhaetian Railway and Albula / Bernina Landscape (Switzerland) Dr. Beth O’Leary (US) proposes designating
restored by Viollet-le-Duc area around major monuments historic landmark World Heritage Site (34,870,000 ha) World Heritage Site (3,290 ha) designatedWorld Heritage Site (11,000 ha) Apollo XI moon landing a National Historic Site
1844
1973
1981
2008
1913
2003
20??
 1793: Commission des Arts (France)
1790: Commission des Monuments (France)

1950
1800

1900

2000
1850
2008: Australian Funds-in-
2007: National Churches
2005: Commission des forêts d'Afrique
2005: Vienna Memorandum on World Heritage and Contemporary Architecture
More and more institutions, government departments and NGOs support and 2003: Asociación Española de Gestores de Patrimonio Cultural
2002: Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives
2002: Nordic World Heritage Foundation (NWHF)
advocate preservation. Currently, about 12% of the world’s surface is preserved 2002: Spanish Funds-in-Trust
2001: National Geographic Conservation Trust

(the red part); the white part, heritage ‘in process’ (with the likely outcome of 2001: Italian Trust Fund (ITF)
2001: Flemish Funds-in-Trust
1998: Direction de l’Architecture et du Partimoine (France)
being certified), shows the massive increase this figure is about to undergo. In 1997: Shell Foundation
1994: Fonds Français pour l'Environnement Mondial

1900, the vast majority of the preserved was European. That proportion is being
1994: Society for the Preservation of Afghanistan's Cultural Heritage
1994: Nara Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Herit-
1993: Organization of World Heritage Cities
slowly rectified. The white part, showing the advance of heritage-as-a-right, 1993: Bellagio Forum for Sustainable Development
1992 : Patrimoine sans frontières
1989: Japanese Trust Fund
would establish a near equality between continents... 1989: Fondazione Studi Guiseppe Terragni
1987: Conservation International
1983: European Heritage Network
1983: English Heritage
1975: Gesellschaft Für Technische Zusammenarbeit
1975: Ramsar Convention on Wetlands
1975: Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo e la Documentazione
2500
1975: Fondo per l’Ambiente Italiano (Italy)
1,240,000 1972: United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
1972: World Heritage Committee
1966: Advisory Council on Historic Preservation
1965: International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) Recently Proposed
1964: Venice Charter for the Conservation and Restoration of Monuments and Sites
1962: Inventaire général des monuments et des richesses artistiques de la France
1961: World Wide Fund for Nature
1959: International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property (ICCROM)
1953: Historic Buildings Councils (UK)
1951: Wildlife Conservation Society
1948: International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)
1947: Rijksdienst voor de Monumentenzorg (The Netherlands)
1945: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Africa
2000 1938: Istituto Centrale del Restauro (Italy)
1,040,000 1931: Athens Charter for the Restoration of Historic Monuments
1924: Ancient Monument Society (USA)
1916: National Park Service (USA) Arab
1914: Caisse nationale des monuments historiques et préhistoriques (France) States
1903: Society for the Preservation of the Wild Fauna of the Empire
1895: National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty (UK)
1895: Wildlife Conservation Society
1877: The Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings (UK) Latin
America
1875: Rijkscommissiei (The Netherlands)
1837: Commission des Monuments Historiques (France)
1811: Commission des Embellissements de la Ville de Rome (France)
1793: Commission des Arts (France)
1790: Commission des Monuments (France)
1500
840,000

Asia &

1950
1800

1900

2000
1850

The Pacific
International
Tourist Arrivals
(Increase Since 1978)

1000 Tentative UNESCO

640,000 World Heritage Sites Europe
North America
Recently Accepted

Africa
Arab
States

Latin
America

500
Asia &
440,000 The Pacific

UNESCO World
Heritage Sites
Europe
0 North America
1980

2000
1990

2010
The map of proliferating heritage and preservation suggests a world about
to be divided into areas of radical change and areas of equally radical stasis.
We can only begin to speculate on the consequences for architecture…

UNESCO World Heritage Protected Areas

1% of Earth’s surface 12% of Earth’s surface
2.8% of land
0.2% of water
CULTURAL HERITAGE 704 properties PROTECTED AREAS

Monuments: Locations preserved for environmental, cultural or similar value, under the authority of the following national and in-
Architectural works, works of monumental sculpture and painting, elements or structures of an archaeological nature, inscriptions, cave
ternational bodies:
UNESCO World Heritage Protected Areas
dwellings and combinations of features, which are of outstanding universal value from the point of view of history, art or science

Groups of buildings: IUCN Protected Area Management Categories (International Union for Conservation of Nature):

1% of Earth’s surface 12% of Earth’s

Category Ia, Ib, II, III, IV, V
surface
Groups of separate or connected buildings which, because of their architecture, their homogeneity or their place in the landscape, are of
outstanding universal value from the point of view of history, art or science Ramsar Wetlands

2.8% of land Sites:

Works of man or the combined works of nature and of man, and areas including archaeological sites which are of outstanding universal
UNESCO MAB (Man and the Biosphere)
EC Birds Directive
0.2% of water value from the historical, aesthetic, ethnological or anthropological points of view EC Habitats Directive
ASEAN Declaration on Heritage Parks

Natural Heritage – FOREST 70 properties 70 million ha

CULTURAL HERITAGE 704 properties
Natural Heritage – MARINE 31 properties 78 million ha PROTECTED AREAS
Natural Heritage – OTHER 79 properties 29 million ha
Monuments: Locations preserved for environmental, cultural or similar value, under the authority of the following national and in-
Architectural works, works of monumental sculpture and painting,
Natural featureselements or structures
(forest or marine) ofphysical
consisting of an archaeological nature, inscriptions,
and biological formations cave
or groups of such formations, which are of outstanding
universal value universal
dwellings and combinations of features, which are of outstanding from the aesthetic
valueorfrom
scientific
the point
pointof of
view; geological
view and physiographical
of history, art or science formations and precisely delineated areas which ternational bodies:
constitute the habitat of threatened species of animals and plants of outstanding universal value from the point of view of science or conser-
vation;
Groups of buildings: IUCN Protected Area Management Categories (International Union for Conservation of Nature):
Groups of separate or connected buildings which, because
Natural of their
sites architecture,
(forest their homogeneity
or marine) or precisely or their
delineated natural areas place in the universal
of outstanding landscape,value are the point of view of science, conser- Category Ia, Ib, II, III, IV, V
from of
vation orart
outstanding universal value from the point of view of history, natural beauty.
or science Ramsar Wetlands
UNESCO MAB (Man and the Biosphere)
Sites:
Works of man or the combined works of nature and of man, and areas including archaeological sites which are of outstanding universal EC Birds Directive
value from the historical, aesthetic, ethnological or anthropological points of view EC Habitats Directive
 Authentic Restored

Do not let us deceive ourselves in To restore a building is not to

this important matter; it is impossible, repare it, nor to do maintenance
as impossible as to raise the dead, to or to rebuild, it is to restablish
restore anything that has ever been it in an ultimate state that never
great or beautiful in architecture. existed before.
John Ruskin, 1849 Eugène Viollet-le-Duc, 1855

Two conflicting ideologies continue to

subject preservation to a systematic
schizophrenia between RUIN and
RESTORATION. Preservation needs
a ‘unified field’ theory to resolve the
contradiction. ..
Charters, convention, memorandum – the words in
which preservation’s criteria are described become
more and more universal and political over time as
the number of nations that support them grows...
League of Nations World Heritage Convention
International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation Countries Participating in the World Heritage Convention 1972-2000
Athens Charter (1931), created by International Museums Office

1931 1972-1980 1991-2000 2001-2010

ANCIENT MONUMENTS

PICTURESQUE

ABANDON RESTORATION IN TOTAL

HISTORICAL MONUMENTS ARE TO

BE GIVEN STRICT CUSTODIAL
PROTECTION

WARDENS OF
CIVILIZATION
PROPERTY OF
MANKIND
EXPERTS UNANIMOUSLY AGREED

SCRUPULOUS CONSERVATION

CIVILIZATION HAS BEEN

EXPRESSED TO THE HIGHEST

Athens Charter for the Restoration of Venice Charter for the Conservation and Nara Convention Concerning the Protection Vienna Memorandum on World Heritage and
Historic Monuments Restoration of Monuments and Sites of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage Contemporary Architecture

2005
1931

1964

1994
 Recently declared UNESCO sites, increase in tourism.
Portrait of a vicious circle: in each instance, the bestowal
of heritage status triggers a drastic increase in tourism,
and inevitably development, which then threatens heritage.
Some of the oldest parts of the world become the newest…

GREENLAND
+5.2%
ICELAND

+17.9
ESTONIA
+14.2%
KAZAKHSTAN
UK
+3.5% +20.2%
ARMENIA

+30.3%
MONGOLIA
+12.0%
TURKEY KYRGYZSTAN SOUTH KOREA
+10.1%
LEBANON
+30.6% CHINA
+8.5%
+5.0%
+7.0%
JAPAN

+12.3%
EGYPT

+11.7%
LAOS HONG KONG
SAUDI ARABIA
+16.5 +11.6%
+11.1%
MAURITANIA
BELIZE +6.1% VIETNAM
+6.5% +9.2%
NICARAGUA
+9.1%
CAMBODIA

GUYANA
NIGERIA
+4.3%
UGANDA
+19.0%
+3.8%
+13.8% MALAYSIA

+11.3%
INDONESIA
+1.2%
PAPUA NEW GUINEA
+4.9%
BOLIVIA MADAGASCAR

Year of first designation of

UNESCO World Heritage site % increase in tourism
+4.0% +13.2%
AUSTRALIA
CHILE +1.3%
1976-1980
+__% +6.3% SOUTH AFRICA
1981-1985 +4.3%
1986-1990
ARGENTINA
+3.6%
1991-1995 NEW ZEALAND
1996-2000 +5.8%
2001-2005

2005-2010

Countries not members of UNESCO

Source: World Trade Organization

 400 BC
1882
Ancient Monuments Protection Act

The Ancient Monuments Protection Act 1882, introduced by Sir John Lubbock, recognises the need for governmental administration for the protection of ANCIENT MONUMENTS. The 68 monuments
listed are mostly unoccupied prehistoric structures such as dolmens, stones circles, barrows and pillars.

1712
1913
Ancient Monuments Consolidation and Amendment Act

The Ancient Monuments Consolidation and Amendment Act expands the definition of the monument to “any structure, erection, or monument, of architectural or historic interest”. It allows the
inclusion of ROMANO-BRITISH AND MEDIEVAL MONUMENTS through the establishment of Royal Commissions.

1983

1953
National Heritage Act
Dept. of the Environment Circular 8/87

The National Heritage Act establishes English Heritage as the government’s lead advisor on the built environment. The Department of the Environment later removes the 1939 ceiling on listing buildings.
It introduces the THIRTY YEAR RULE, by which any building older than this can be considered for listing.

2007

2007
Planning Policy Guidance Note 15
Planning and the Historic Environment

The 2007 revision of the Planning and Policy Guidance of the Historic Environment defines NO LIKELY PERIODS OF INTEREST as absolute. Buildings less than thirty years old can be listed if
they are of outstanding quality and under threat.

Prospective?
Prospective preservation predefines a building’s status as monument, ensuring a building’s longevity and protection even BEFORE IT IS PHYSCIALLY MANIFESTED.

The interval between the now and the preserved is

shrinking, and is about to disappear. From this moment,
we do not only have to look back, but also forward; we
will have to decide what to preserve in advance...
House in Bordeaux as guinea pig: declared a

Mon
monument historique three years after completion…

umen
u
s É
las

q
C

ori
t Hist
16
 OMA HISTORY

side RESEARCH
effects

VESTIBULE

Exhibition plan

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Does the splendour of virtual afterlife diminish the value of
the ruin? The instability of digital storage superimposes a
new level of anxiety on already fragile cultural stock...
Preemptive mediocrity has become our dominant expression
of respect for history. It has become impossible to date large
sections of our urban production; a low-grade, unintended
‘timelessness’ is our contribution to the march of civilisation...

Scale
Scale is the relative or apparent size of a building in relation
to its neighbors or some common object such as an automobile.
Scale is also the relative or apparent size of building elements, such
as windows, doors, cornices and other features to each other and
to the building. Most buildings are designed to be of human scale,
that is, they are designed to relate to the size of an average human
being. Typically, residential buildings are designed to have human
scale. Other buildings are designed to be of monumental, or larger
than human scale. This is usually done to give a building prominence
or symbolic importance. Typically, monumental scale is associated
with governmental and religious buildings.
Proportion
Proportion is the relationship of the dimensions of building
elements, such as windows and doors, to each other and to the
elevations. Often, proportions are expressed as mathematical ratios,
particularly for buildings based on Greek, Roman and Renaissance
architecture. For example, many historic buildings designed in
the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries use mathematical
proportions to locate and size windows, doors, columns, cornices
and other building elements. The design of a new building should
respect, but not necessarily exactly duplicate, the existing proportions
of neighboring buildings.

Scale can be achieved in many ways. For example, windows,

doors, cornices and other elements can be enlarged to impart a sense
of monumentality or they can be human in scale. Facades can be
heavily rusticated, contributing to a sense of monumentality, or of
plain materials and treatments, making the building appear human
in scale.(l) The scale of a new building should usually respect the
prevailing scale of its neighbors. In a few cases, a new building’s use
or symbolic importance may make it appropriate for its scale to differ
from that of its neighbors.
The proportions of a new building should be compatible with those of
its neighbors.

Rhythm
The spacing of repetitive facade elements, such as projecting
bays, storefronts, windows, doors, belt courses and the like, ive an
elevation its rhythm. The space between free-standing buildings,
the contiguousness of rowhouses and other party-wall
buildings, and the height of roofs, cornices, towers and other roof
rojections establishes the rhythm of a street. A new building should
respect the rhythm of its neighbors as well as that of the street.

1). A rusticated facade is The building on the left has a monumnental scale, while the building on the
right has a more human scale.
usually made of stone cut in
large blocks with deep joints
to give a bold, rich texture
to the wall and monumental A new building should compatible with the established rhythm of
scale to a building. existing buildings and the street.

4 5
Contemporary idyll? Almost imperceptibly, the countryside is
changing as fast as our cities, but it is better at maintaining
appearances. Fewer and fewer ‘workers’ – imported from
cheaper continents – rather than farmers, maintain the fields
that previously occupied entire populations...
History as fake? History as farce? Most of Harvard’s historical buildings have
been gutted and entirely made over, many more than once during their ‘lifetimes’...
Bureaucratic envelopes of preservation in fact promote radical transformations.
Their language and codes are too blunt and primitive to serve their stated aim:
to generate a ‘fit’ between what exists and what is ‘renewed’ (but what is in fact
very often entirely rebuilt). They produce an entirely new architectural language
of disguised consumerism...
Minimalism remains the preferred mode of conspicuous
consumption. What exhistential ‘pain’ needs so many cushions?
To maintain the preserved, to look after children and pets, entire
populations are imported from Sri Lanka and Thailand...
The tragedy of Beijing’s history is not a failure of preservation, but the impossibility
of preservation; it is not physical substance, much of it endlessly adjusted and
recent, but the life it produces. We have never theorized a way to keep not only the
physical substance, but, as in a time machine, also the life that came with it...
 In 1986, Ghadames in Libya was declared a UNESCO Heritage site.
In the 1970s, Albert Speer Jr. planned a new city next to it, as a twin
in which the inhabitants of the old city would start a new life. Now the
old city has emptied out, the new city has never come to life…

Old City of Ghadames (12th century)

UNESCO World Heritage since 1986

Tounin Village

Old Airport Site

Former Military Base

New Ghadames developed in 70s

designed by Albert Speer Jr.
Damascus, May 2010: preserved...
Damascus, May 2010: used...
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 OMA HISTORY

zurich+ RESEARCH

VESTIBULE

Exhibition plan

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The found spaces had more complexity and interest than any architect
could typically justify for a new airport...
If dilapidation of a structure is itself an effect of history, its qualities are
possibly as meaningful as the museum’s artifacts. Can dilapidation be
preserved? Can it illuminate the museum experience?
In 2006, with Zeche Zollverein’s Kohlenwäsche,
we nearly achieved the utopian ambition of doing
‘nothing’: no stripping, no sublimity, no ruin, just
nothing... we were very proud...
A 1984 building in Damascus. Rather than
plan something new, we will complete a
never-finished project – fill it with what
is really needed – and spare the city
unnecessary intervention...
20
 OMA HISTORY

black RESEARCH
hole

VESTIBULE

Exhibition plan

21
 The rise of the market economy has meant the end of the
architect as a credible public figure. Since Philip Johnson in
1979, no architect has appeared on the cover of TIME magazine.
Starchitects accepted a Faustian bargain where they became
more prominent, but their role less significant...

January 14, 1964

April 18, 1938 March 21, 1958 September 6, 1963

Ronald Reagan 40th President of the USA (1981-1989)

January 17, 1938 August 16, 1949 July 2, 1956 January 18, 1963

1926 June 8, 1930 June 10, 1946 September 28, 1952 May 5, 1961 January 8, 1979

NYSE Index
1930 1950 2000
By disconnecting the (role of the) architect from the public
sector, the market economy severed the connection
between architecture and idealism...
 Now, in this New Era that encircles us on all sides so What influenced all my thinking doing architecture is always
closely that you can almost feel and touch it, scientific the human need. The social,... the personal, the individual...
need of things, the relation between need and form, need Life flourishes only to the extent of accord between
The architect masters mean- and technological development, besides freeing man
What influenced
and design. alleverything
I think my thinkingneeds
doingtoarchitecture is always
be in the right place the two contradictory principles that govern the hu-
ing and through it, he is able to Now, the
from in this NewofEra
bonds that encircles
hunger and poverty,us on
willallset
sides so
up condi-
It is a marvelous period. My advice is to the human
so that humanneed. Thecan
need social,... the personal,
function. the individual...
I think architecture should man personality: the individual and the collective.
enter the process of society’s closely
tions that you
capable of can almost
freeing himfeel
alsoand
fromtouch it, scientific
vulgarity and so-
treasure the future and never look back. The need
never of
bethings, the relationnever
self-expression, between needsomething
ambition, and form, need
like Nikita Khrushchev,
Life flourishes only to1954
the extent of accord between
The architect masters mean-
transformation. and technological
phistication, these development,
two extremes to besides
which freeing man
he is brought
Made for men, the Cité Radieuse is glory of the past was made by others. We and design. I think
exhibitionism, everything
so-called originalneeds to be in the ideas.
or individualistic right place the two contradictory principles that govern the hu-
Aldo Rossi,
ing and through
The it, he is able to
Architecture of from
by thethe bonds of hunger
contingencies of anand poverty,
artificial willhierarchy,
social set up condi-and
made to the human scale. It has also It is a the
have marvelous period.
future, the greatMy advicethat
unkown, is tomys- Max
so Bill,
that human
1961 need can function. I think architecture should man personality: the individual and the collective.
enter
the the1966
City, process of society’s tions
of capable
leading himof freeing
back himauthentic
to that also fromlife,
vulgarity
simple,and wellso- Let this be a new city unfettered by the
the robustness which is inherent in treasure
tery theoffuture
in front us. and never look back. The never be self-expression, never ambition, something like Nikita Khrushchev, 1954
transformation. phistication,
filled thesethat
and natural, twoisextremes to which
really worthy of hishecondition.
is brought traditions of the past, and a symbol of the
Made fortechnique,
modern men, the Cité
and Radieuse
it shows theis Gio
gloryPonti,
of the1961
past was made by others. We exhibitionism, so-called original or individualistic
What you should try to accomplish is built Aldo Rossi, The Architecture of Lucio
by the Costa,
contingencies
1961 of an artificial social hierarchy, and Socialism will simplify architecture. It will If I ideas.
should say my final words, I should say nation’s faith in the future.
madesplendour
new to the human scale.
of bare It has also
concrete. It have the future, the great unkown, that mys- the City, 1966 deal with big human problems, which will Max Bill, 1961
meaning. So get close to the meaning and of leading him back to that authentic life, simple, well that one of the great problems for an archi- Jawaharlal
Let this be aNehru,
new city unfettered by the
1950
the robustness
brings whichsensational
into the home is inherent inmod- tery in front of us. lead to the solution to problems of collectivity.
build! filled and natural, that is really worthy of his condition. tect today is to save the human being – to traditions of the past, and a symbol of the
modern
ern technique, and it shows the
resources. Gio Ponti, 1961 Oscar Niemeyer,
Socialism will simplify
1956architecture. It will
Aldo
What van Eyck, 1962
you should try to accomplish is built Lucio Costa, 1961 If I should
make say my final
individualism words, I should say
of collectivsim. nation’s faith in the future.
Le
newCorbusier,
splendour1952of bare concrete. It deal with big human problems, which will
meaning. So get close to the meaning and Alvar
that Aalto,
one of the great problems for an archi-
1961 Jawaharlal Nehru, 1950
brings into the home sensational mod- lead to the solution to problems of collectivity.
build! tect today is to save the human being – to
ern resources. Oscar Niemeyer, 1956
Aldo van Eyck, 1962 make individualism of collectivsim.
Le Corbusier, 1952
Alvar Aalto, 1961

A strong public sector created the conditions in which

architecture as a social project could flourish...

Playtime, Jacques Tati, 1967

Playtime, Jacques Tati, 1967

Irony of Fate, Eldar Ryazanov, Igor Petrov, 1975

Irony of Fate, Eldar Ryazanov, Igor Petrov, 1975

Una giornata particolare, Ettore Scola, 1977

Una giornata particolare, Ettore Scola, 1977

 During the worst years of Cabrini-Green’s
miseries, residents endured rat and
I have a dream: Destroy Corviale! Symbol of
cockroach infestations, rotting garbage
We will target the thugs. They will eventually oppression and degradation of the citizens. We want to give opportunity to people
in trash chutes, once piled up to the 15th “The demolition of the prefabricated five-
disappear. We will pressure wash the Teodoro Buontempo, April 2010 who have known too much failure and
floor, the stench of urine and insecticide in story housing – Khruschevka – is the way to
Courneuve housing project. Urban policies for the banlieue must not be despair... We want to reverse the tide
Why has everything got to be vertical, hallways… go. Of course, prefabricated buildings are still
Nicolas Sarkozy, June 2005 founded on issues of social fragmentation of decay that has been washing over It had the wrong intent from the beginning
straight, un bending, only at right angles – Keith E. Gottfried, US Department of sturdy, but there is no comfort and life within.”
and functional? and insecurity. Housing and Urban Development, 2006 American cities for decades. and should be replaced with smaller, low- Yuri Luzhkov, Moscow Mayor, 2010
Prince Charles, May 1984 Dominique de Villepin, June 2010 Richard Daley, Chicago mayor, rise, low-density places where people want
There are housing estates in Britain where
February 1994 to live.
people have a lower life expectancy than in
Andrew Cuomo, New York State Attorney
the Gaza Strip.
General, September 1999
David Cameron, October 2008

A weak public sector now creates the conditions in which

any trace of architecture as social project will disappear...

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Home > Life in Japan > Features Plattenbauten sind für viele Menschen der Inbegriff der architektonischen Sünde.
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Lager: Der ODS-Parteitag macht Nečas stark Вторичный рынок
housing estates to be preserved for posterity. But who is going to www lumosity com Ads by Google 21.11 16:09 В Петербурге заморозили строительство
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with traditional housing
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fit the bill for their repair? Jenny Pollock investigates aber mit den Plattenbauten allemal. Schon allein deshalb, weil ihre
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Сезонный фактор не снизил спрос на
Atlanta Is Making Way for New Public Housing


preservation not CAPPELLAZZO/STAFF

Tschechiens Sozialdemokraten
guardian.co.uk, Thursday 9 July 2009 18.42 BST Коммерческая недвижимость подмосковные новостройки
Lebenserwartung nicht besonders hoch ist. Die einstigen Neubauten werden mehr...

JONATHAN GLANCEY schnell zu Altlasten. Wie man diese in den Griff bekommt, darüber diskutierten By NICOLAI OUROUSSOFF
Published: July 6, 2009 PHOTOGRAPHERNiagara Загородная недвижимость  La jeunesse perdue de Karim Boudouda, enfant déscolarisé devenu caïd des cités
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demolition Falls - The former

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Jenny Pollock vergangene Woche in Prag Experten und Minister aus allen EU-Ländern. Hören Mehr von Radio Prag FACEBOOK
Зарубежная недвижимость частных домов Ancien quartier modèle, la Villeneuve lutte contre le ghetto
Wolf Von Eckardt August 6, 1977 | 12:00 am
Saturday, 12 December 1992 Society Guardian, Monday 28 May 2001 02.55 BST Sie mehr im folgenden Schauplatz, von Gerald Schubert: TOKYO — How old does a building have to be before we appreciate SIGN IN TO E- Saint Mary's Manor at Услуги в сфере недвижимости  На Тайване построят здание с Article paru dans l'édition du 25.07.10 GRENOBLE JOURNAL
A London Labour MP has accused a flagship Tory borough of planning "social
515 6th Street. вертикальным тоннелем на крышу
MAIL
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 Share its value? And when does its cultural importance trump practical
cleansing" through a programme of demolishing council estates.
Обозреватель рынка
В Серебряном бору начали сносить ne semaine après les graves affrontements qui ont opposé les forces de police grenobloises à une poignée de
Utopian Dream Becomes Battleground in France Politics E-Mail
Some say city should save, not destroy
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Modern architecture died on April 21, 1972. Few architects noticed. Email SINGLE PAGE jeunes issus du quartier, l'amertume des habitants de la Villeneuve reste palpable. « Ce quartier ne m'inspire
dilapidated buildings
 Classez cette archive, vous daily Politics e-mail newsletter. See Sample
Lange, düstere, schmucklose Gänge. Großstadtanonymität A freedom of information request by Andrew Slaughter, MP for Ealing, Acton and ЖК ÿРублевское предместьеÿ Миноброны выделит 1,830 миллиарда plus rien sauf du dégoût. C'est devenu un vrai ghetto. L'unique solution, c'est de le raser », confesse une mère de
DANCHI

The public did not care. No one mourned. It was never popular.  Text Size
einerseits, andererseits aber dünne Wände, durch die man Enlarge This Image Those are the questions that instantly REPRINTS
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 Normal jedes Hüsteln des Nachbarn hört. Fertigteilcharakter bis ins come to mind over the likely famille. A côté de l'immense parc qui jouxte la cité, le bitume des parkings encore calcinés par les incendies de
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The end was not unexpected. The International Style—as the Large kleinste Detail, im Extremfall mit vorgebohrten Löchern für die „Die Jungs fielen wie Greenhalgh, Tory leader of Hammersmith and Fulham council, which suggest limiting 

By Mark Scheer

die Fliegen“ – destruction of Kisho Kurokawa’s атрибуты бизнес- девелоперского холдинга voitures témoigne des violences qui, dans la nuit du 16 au 17 juillet, ont fait suite à la mort d'un jeune braqueur, tué
 Extra Large Bilder an der Wand. All dies ergibt - zusammen mit der meist social housing to the old, infirm and disabled in a bid to solve the "concentration of класса: п/паркинг; Placez cette archive
architecture conceived by Walter Gropius at the Bauhaus in Weimar By GEOFF BOTTING
Tschechoslowaken
1 2 3 4 5 6 historic Nakagin Capsule Tower. par la police devant son domicile de l'Arlequin.
Niagara Gazette
schlechten Infrastruktur vor Ort - den Stoff, aus dem die
im Vietnamkrieg охрана; dans votre classeur
Special to The Japan Times Plattenbau-Albträume sind. Die Probleme in und mit den deprivation". инфраструктура. Панельная девятиэтажка. Фото с сайта fotarea.ru personnel
and by Le Corbusier in his atelier in Paris, came to be known—had
long been feverish, erratic and contradictory. There had been a lot of
SPONSORED LINKS:
At the time, they were homes most Japanese could only dream about.
Stadtrandsiedlungen sind im gesamteuropäischen Kontext aber
recht unterschiedlich. In vielen französischen Städten etwa sind die Bettenburgen in den MEHR ZUM THEMA
A rare built example of Japanese
Laws currently in place means alternative accommodation needs to be found for all
Дома построены.
Акция 3=2!
Московские панельные L'onde de choc qui touche les habitants s'est propagée à l'antenne de police de La Bruyère, à quelques encablures du

doctoring. But no one got at the basic affliction, which was that ) The Grade II* listed Park Hill flats in Sheffield
Within their thick concrete walls, they were equipped with such mod Randbezirken eng mit sozialer Ausgrenzung und Kriminalität verbunden. In Tschechien
Nach Vertrauenszuspruch will Regierung Nečas
Advertise on NYTimes.com Metabolism, a movement whose
residents if estates within the borough are cleared. NIAGARA FALLS Ñ When Tom Yots looks at the empty lot on Buffalo Avenue between Fourth Подробнее...
Цена: от 74 000 руб/мÿ
девятиэтажки начнут сносить lieu des affrontements. « Beaucoup de mes collègues sont choqués et en colère contre nos supérieurs. Il ne faut pas
cons as flush toilets and stainless-steel kitchen sinks, and they even and Sixth streets, one word comes to mind: Tragedy. oublier que ce qui est arrivé, c'est notre quotidien », témoigne un agent avant que des instructions de sa hiérarchie
hingegen kann man dieses Phänomen kaum beobachten. Wenigstens vorerst. Immer noch fantastic urban visions became emblems of the country’s
Modern architecture is an abstract art—an abstraction that failed to When Denise Ford and her neighbours celebrate the 40th anniversary of Park Hill flats gelten die "Sídliste", also die Siedlungen, als recht praktikable Wohnlösung für Jungfamilien.
nun Taten sprechen lassen Jim O’Connell for The New York Times
Домострой-Эксперт В ближайшие годы московские власти должны
had separate bedrooms -- for parents and children. ne lui interdisent de communiquer sur l'affaire. Jeudi 22 juillet, une cellule psychologique a été mise en place dans
CzechTek 2005: Innenministerium zu Composed of 140 pods, the Nakagin
Und die oftmals gehörte Aussage, die Platte sei besser als ihr Ruf, bedeutet wohl auch: Der postwar cultural resurgence, the 1972 Capsule Tower is in But Greenhalgh outlined his plans for "radical reforms" as he told Eric Pickles, Tory +7 (495) 514-10-10 будут решить вопрос о сносе панельных Первая
meet practical human needs. IF IT took 20 men 13 weeks to erect each of the 19-storey towers of the Holly Street estate in Hackney, east London, how long will take the same number of Entschädigung und Entschuldigung verurteilt
MOST POPULAR Capsule Tower in Tokyo has fallen
this summer, they'll be wondering whether Sheffield's Grade II* council estate will still Ruf der Platte ist gar nicht so schlecht. ČSSD zieht Lehren aus Wahlschlappe – ODS
a decrepit state. Its residents, tired of living in squalid, девятиэтажных домов, построенных в столице в российская Битва les locaux de l'antenne de mairie au pied des habitations.
into disrepair, with leaks and party chairman, and Grant Shapps, the shadow minister for housing, that he wanted to
men to demolish them?
be standing in 10 years' time. These dream homes were the danchi schon einen Schritt weiter E-MAILED BLOGGED SEARCHED VIEWED maintenance problems. Decades ago, the site was home to one of the higher profile structures in Niagara Falls Ñ the Жилой квартал ÿDominionÿ
70-х и 80-х годах, считает глава комиссии грузовиков
(public-housing complexes). From Doch ein Problem haben die europäischen Plattenbauten gemeinsam: Der Zahn der Zeit nagt Parteiporträt Nr. 1: Die Sozialdemokraten cramped conditions, voted two years ago to demolish it see social rents rise to market levels, and housing welfare payments to households М. ÿУниверситетÿ.
This affliction caused the authorities in St. Louis, that April morning Alt, aber verlässlich:
The answer is 26 weeks; for the newly condemned system-built towers of Holly Street Estate, one of the most notorious council estates in Britain, soar high
the mid-1950s, they began
an ihnen besonders schnell. Einst, vor allem in den sechziger und siebziger Jahren, schossen (ČSSD)
die Seilbahn auf die
Selbstfindungsprozess bei Tschechiens
Erik S. Lesser for The New York Times 1. Debts Rise, and Go Unpaid, as Bust Erodes Home
and are now searching for a developer to replace it with a "based on need, rather than rent paid". This would mean placing individual adults in a old Shredded Wheat administration building. Уникальная Московской городской думы по экономической
политике Александр Ковалев. Об этом сообщает
Dans cet immense puzzle d'immeubles bétonnés, faits de petits commerces et de logements sociaux que 12 000
five years ago, to do the only thing left to do with the modern highrise above streets dense with housing, shops, workshops and traffic. The towers cannot easily be exploded or imploded, and one, if not two, of the four might survive Set into the hillside overlooking the city centre, the staggered concrete blocks dominate sie massenhaft aus dem Boden, es war rasche Wohnraumbeschaffung für Millionen. Ebenso Schneekoppe
Sozialdemokraten Not everyone cheered when Atlanta razed Bowen Homes, one of the city’s oldest projects. Equity Blog концепция шести personnes occupent en vase clos, on tente d'expliquer les racines de cette flambée de violence. « La Villeneuve a subi
a plan announced yesterday by Hackney Council to demolish this early-Seventies estate and to replace it with 1,054 new homes built in traditional style along appearing throughout Japan, their rasch nähern sich die Siedlungen aber bereits wieder ihrem architektonischen Verfall. Ein ODS-Spitzenkandidat Nečas bei Präsident Klaus: bigger, more modern tower. That the building is still room in a shared house, for example. сфер и четырех радиостанция "Эхо Москвы".
slabs of the Pruitt-Igoe public housing project. They blew them up. the gateway to Sheffield. By ROBBIE BROWN 2. But Will It Make You Happy? un coup de folie lié à un événement bien précis », analyse Marc Bessière, directeur adjoint des services de la ville de
multistories often rising amid rice ArtsBeat
Today, it is another reminder to the cityʼs historian about what happens sometimes in the name Рассекречена
Gegenmittel gibt es freilich: Umfangreiche und substanzielle Renovierungsmaßnahmen, deren noch kein Regierungsauftrag стихий. Охр.
the pre-Blitz street pattern.
Published: June 20, 2009 standing has more to do with the current financial malaise
With dynamite. The first of the 33 identical human filing cabinets Kosten allerdings schwindelnde Höhen erreichen würden. mehr... FACEBOOK 3. Maureen Dowd: Don’t Send In the Clones
Greenhalgh, who also heads up David Cameron's Conservative councils innovation unit,
территория. Депутат заявил на конференции "Земля и новая модель AudiGrenoble, chargé de la solidarité.
paddies on the outskirts of big cities. The latest on the
than with an understanding of its historical worth.
of progress.
Велнесс-центр. Pierre Terdjman for The New York Times
The decision in 1998 to list the barrack-like complex as one of the best examples of ATLANTA — In 1936, Atlanta built Techwood Homes, the nation’s 4. Farmers Lean to Truce on Animals’ Close Quarters недвижимость - финансирование и инвестиции", www.dnaancestryproject.com Ads by Google
collapsed in 20 seconds flat. The tenants - a galaxy of old school cockneys, Kurdish and African refugees, Indians and West Indians - say they want the estate to go in its entirety. They are 25 ressortverantwortliche Minister aus den Staaten der Europäischen TWITTER arts, coverage of suggested an end to "tenure for life" by those in need of social housing. In a separate Подробнее... The planned neighborhood Villeneuve, in Grenoble, has slowly degraded into a poor district before it finally burst into
looking forward to enjoying comforts currently restricted to Hackney's middle-class cockneys who have snapped up nearly all the best traditional houses in the pioneering designs in post-war social housing met with some local derision. But Today these concrete housing Union sind Anfang der Woche in Prag zu einer Konferenz RUBRIKENARCHIV
first housing project. By the 1990s, a greater percentage of the city’s 5. Chinese Hospitals Are Battlegrounds of Discontent
live events, Цена: от застройщика что, по его данным, таким зданиям грозит L'élu rappelle que les émeutes de 2005, quand la révolte de plusieurs banlieues d'Ile-de-France avait gagné la flames three weeks ago, with a mob setting nearly 100 cars on fire.
RECOMMEND Yet for many of us who believe that the way we treat our presentation to James O'Shaughnessy, the Conservative party's director of policy and MOST POPULAR
projects may appear oppressive and zusammengekommen, um über diese Problematik zu beraten.
critical reviews, Магистрат +7 (495) 232-08-08 обрушение. При этом он считает, что город
ÒThe building was in very good condition,Ó Yots said of the building, which was torn down in the
Pruitt-Igoe, much praised when it was built in 1957, was designed by Minoru Yamasaki, who later gave us New York area over the past decade. Sheffield city council had high hopes it would attract funds to tackle the sprawling residents were living in housing projects — sprawling red-brick 6. Quick Change in Strategy for a Bookseller province, n'avaient touché ni Grenoble, ni le quartier. Depuis les événements, il arpente sans relâche avec ses By STEVEN ERLANGER
even slumlike. But for many Japanese
"Siedlungen fürs Leben", so der Name der Veranstaltung. Ivan Prikryl, 09-08-2010 15:11 | Die Regierungserklärung des SIGN IN TO E-
multimedia extravaganzas and
cultural patrimony is a fair measure of how enlightened we research, the borough leader, said: "Carry out five yearly reviews for all existing tenants ничего не выиграет от сноса девятиэтажек и Published: August 8, 2010 E-MAILED BLOGGED SEARCHED VIEWED
City's 100-story, twintowered World Trade Center. It was inspired by Le Corbusier's Ville Radieuse. a concept concrete and rotting windows in the rundown flats. stellvertretender Minister für Regionalentwicklung in Tschechien,
Kabinetts Nečas und was Vizepremier
barracks that pockmarked the skyline — than in any other city in MAIL 7. One Family and Its Legacy of Pain Коттеджный поселок Что показывали équipes les travées de la cité, à la rencontre des habitants dont les véhicules ont été incendiés, avec pour objectif
Holly Street estate is a text- book example of what went wrong with the system-built estates of the Sixties and Seventies. Although rooms are a generous size of the 1950s and early '60s, they High-rise living, danchi-style GEOFF
BOTTING PHOTO
erläutert das Problem aus der Sicht seines Landes:
Schwarzenberg davon hält
„Über den Seifen-
26-07-2010 16:17 | Minister Schwarzenberg im
America. 8. Bucks: How to Find Cheaper College Textbooks
much more. Join the are as a society, the building’s demolition would be a bitter requiring downsizing as circumstances change to maximise use of stock," according to 1980s. ÒIt was on the National Register and it was demolished to make a shovel-ready site. It is Скнятинский плёс строительства на их месте новых домов.
на Автоэкзотике- d'amorcer le processus d'indemnisation.
GRENOBLE, France Ñ A utopian dream of a new urban community,
1. Debts Rise, and Go Unpaid, as Bust Erodes Home
proposed in the early '20s which was to lift people out of the misery of crowded streets and tenaments and stack und PRINT FACEBOOK
represented progress almost beyond still waiting for the shovels that never came.Ó
standards of construction were questionable and the layout of the estate a disaster. Interview : „Außenpolitik
Petroleummangel“ – neu strukturieren“ discussion. loss. The Capsule Tower is not only gorgeous architecture; extracted notes from the meeting. Поселок бизнес Ковалев пояснил, что "если на месте пятиэтажки 2010 Equity
More than two years later no funding has materialised. Instead councillors face a bill "In Tschechien wäre es nötig, insgesamt 400 Milliarden Kronen, also 15:45 | Wahlkampf zu Kommunalwahlen 9. Gail Collins: More American Idols класса на Волге. built here in the 1970s, had slowly degraded into a poor
them in widely spaced apartment towers. The towers were to be planted in beautiful parks and the parks were to be their imagining. mehr als 13 Milliarden Euro, in die Plattenbauten zu investieren. Auf
19-07-2010
Brünner Hebammen-
beginnt 1917
Zeitung – Machtwechsel in Prag möglich
REPRINTS
More Arts News like all great buildings, it is the crystallization of a far- Лесные участки с
мы спокойно можем построить 17-этажный дом - Le quartier de la Villeneuve offre un visage paradoxal. Rongé par un taux de chômage considérable, par la précarité,
TWITTER 2. But Will It Make You Happy?
At the foot of the towers are 16 five-storey deck-access blocks; at the fourth-floor level these are connected by one continuous, quarter-mile-long 'street in the of up to £25m to tackle repairs and put in vital security improvements to keep muggers Enlarge This Image Now, Atlanta is nearing a very 10. Birdhouses Designed for Repeat Visitors The council's local development framework, published last month, includes an option to то есть увеличить количество жилых площадей, neighborhood plagued by aimless youths before it finally burst into
traversed by high speed freeways. The Parisians who saw Le Corbusier's exhibit angrily ridiculed the proposal to plow jeden Bürger, der in einem solchen Haus lebt, kommen dabei zirka 12-07-2010 13:31 | Regierung unter Dach und Fach: SHARE reaching cultural ideal. Its existence also stands as a выходом к воде. RECOMMEND 3. Maureen Dowd: DonÕt Send In the Clones
sky'. This has been a dream rat- run for the estates' many muggers and a nightmare for most residents. Those living on the fifth floor have been robbed by
and drug pushers, who terrorise residents, at bay. The danchi were created in response 350.000 Kronen, knapp 12.000 Euro. Wir müssen daher sicherstellen, Koalitionsvertrag fertig
different record: becoming the first Go to Complete List » demolish some of the borough's large council estates, which encompass 3,800 flats and Yots and members of the cityʼs Historic Preservation Commission believe the city should be Коммуникации. Без то панельные девятиэтажки сами по себе les incivilités, et un réseau de trafiquants ancré de longue date - au sein duquel se dealent notamment cannabis,
flames three weeks ago.
up their city and turn it into a park studded with skyscrapers. City planners all over the world adopted the idea. It is burglars who have punched their way through flat roofs.
to a severe housing shortage at the dass die Renovierung der Plattenbauten aus Sicht der Bürger überhaupt bezahlbar ist. Der
05-07-2010 | Kyrill und Method und die globale Sicht Enlarge This Image powerful reminder of paths not taken, of the possibility of подряда.
достаточно объемны". héroïne, cocaïne et armes à feu -, il est aussi un des mieux dotés de la ville en matière d'aides à l'insertion. Centres E-MAIL 4. Farmers Lean to Truce on AnimalsÕ Close Quarters
COP10 Accommodation Guide major city to knock them all down. By houses.
doing more to avoid losing buildings of significance to the wrecking ball.
des Christentums – die Bedeutung der
technische Zustand dieser Gebäude macht eine Renovierung aber wirklich nötig. Wenn wir ÿБольшаяÿвода.
the essence of International Style urbanism or, rather, antiurbanism, and came with an architecture to match. Denise Ford, who was eight years old when her family moved into a new Park Hill in end of World War II. With the nation Slawenaposteln worlds shaped by different sets of values. sociaux, tissu associatif dynamique, guichets d'aide aux démarches administratives accompagnent les habitants au 5. Chinese Hospitals Are Battlegrounds of Discontent
next June, officials here plan to Подробнее... SEND TO PHONE
The Holly Street redevelopment scheme is a pointer to the way inner-city estates will be redeveloped in the future. A selection of world -class hier nicht investieren, dann könnten in 10 oder 15 Jahren ernsthafte Probleme auftreten, und 28-06-2010 16:06 | Petr Nečas zum Premierminister Глава депутатского комитета заметил, что в After Karim Boudouda, a 27-year-old
1961, says it was then a place council tenants, mostly moving from Sheffield slums, needing more than 4.2 million Newly Apartments in Tokyo hotels in the Nagoya area eventuell sogar Häuser einstürzen." ernannt - Endspurt bei Koalitionsgesprächen Council members, including officers, also attended a round table discussion organised Цена: от 480 000 руб.
запасе у столичных властей есть еще три-четыре quotidien. Related
6. Quick Change in Strategy for a Bookseller
Weekly rate from 38,500yen demolish the city’s last remaining Founded by a loose-knit group of architects at the end of Волжские Дачи of North African descent, and some of PRINT
The Ville Radieuse scheme has some plausibility. Like most revolutions, the architectural revolution of the 1920s was homes, the government set up the He has been promoting more of a ÒmothballÓ approach to dealing with the cityʼs housing stock,
7. One Family and Its Legacy of Pain
Laing Homes are the developers and 20 per cent of the homes will be for sale. The rest will be planned and allocated by the council, the tenants and the seven by the rightwing thinktank Localis at which one estate in the borough was described as a года. "Будем решать проблему теми путями, Times Topic: France
aspired to. Regular rentals too.From Wolfgang Eckart, Referatsleiter im Bundesministerium für Verkehr, Bau- und Wohnungswesen
housing project, fulfilling a long and the 1950s, the Metabolist movement sought to create +7 495) 737-81-81 his friends had robbed a casino, he
Japan Housing Corp. (now the Urban
SINGLE PAGE
more concerned with destroying the old order than with creating a new one. The modern avant-garde was revolted by housing associations the tenants have chosen to work with. The new streets and homes will be financed by City Challenge, the Department of the Environment, « Efficacité perdue » 8. Bucks: How to Find Cheaper College Textbooks
suggesting a lot of money and a lot of valuable buildings could be saved if the city elected to которые сегодня позволяет законодательство
in Deutschland, ist ebenfalls zu der Konferenz nach Prag gekommen. Und er gibt Prikryl "barrack for the poor".
100,000yen
Hackney Council and Laing Homes. Development Corp.) in 1955 to Recht: Die Zeit drängt, doch die Lösung des Problems gestaltet sich kompliziert: divisive campaign to reduce poverty by decentralizing it. flexible urban models for a rapidly changing society. МФК ÿЛегенда Цветногоÿ was killed in an exchange of
the slums and squalor of the industrial city, all smothered, as the avant-garde saw it, in hypocritical, bourgeois "It had its own shops, community rooms, pub and coffee bar. People arranged tea www.tokyoapartment81.com/ Kyrill und Method города", - добавил Ковалев. REPRINTS 9. Gail Collins: More American Idols

Victorian gimcrackery. The Moderns wanted people to live high up in sunshine and fresh air. They wanted "honest" supply low-cost housing, mainly for SUMMER DINING SPECIAL "Eine große Schwierigkeit ist, dass ein Großteil dieser Bestände
und die globale Sicht
des Christentums –
Floating cities. Cities inspired by oil platforms. Buildings Another area, White City, which hosts a large number of social homes, was described as tear down fewer vacant homes and structures. БЦ класса <А>, Depuis la disparition de la police de proximité, des correspondants de nuit, chargés de la médiation auprès des automatic gunfire with the police. The SHARE 10. Birdhouses Designed for Repeat Visitors
The traditional style houses and street pattern are being designed jointly by Levitt Bernstein Associates (on behalf of Laing Homes) and the architects of the dances, kids' sports days and estate outings. It was buzzing," says Ms Ford.
the growing urban middle class.
http://www.radio.cz/de/artikel/64540
privatisiert wurde, ohne vorher saniert worden zu sein. Das heißt, die Bedeutung der 8/13/2010 Mixed-income developments oriented toward families,
that resembled strands of DNA. Such proposals reflected
торг. галереи и В 2004 году сообщалось о том, что московский
habitants, ont été implantés aux côtés d'une police municipale non armée. En 2008, un plan de rénovation visant à next night, Villeneuve, a carefully
Summertime ... and the
the "ideal place" to deliver a "master plan" to create new communities through "physical апартаменты общ. мэр Юрий Лужков намерен снести
structures witfiout ornament. And they were possessed by a giddy idolatry of machinery and the promise of what London Borough of Hackney. man braucht jetzt Mehrheitsentscheidungen der Eigentümer, die ihr Slawenaposteln
with trendy shops, golf courses and Y.M.C.A.’s, are Go to Complete List È

ÒI think what we have to do is encourage people and make them understand that they have an
dining is easy ... if you know Japan’s transformation from a rural to a modern society. пл. от 130 до 230 ouvrir la cité sur le reste de la ville a également été acté. « Sans conditions de sécurité satisfaisantes pour mener à planned neighborhood of Grenoble in
Today most of the shops are shuttered, 10% of the flats stand empty and many of the For the next few years, demand for Schicksal selbst in die Hand nehmen müssen. Darunter sind aber regeneration". девятиэтажные дома в Москве. "Мы должны
mass production might produce for the masses. where the city's oases are. emerging where bleak, uniform towers once stood. кв.м, высота
David Bernstein, of Levitt Bernstein Associates, said: 'We've designed back the streets that used to be on the site, and we've designed flats and houses based on
the danchi was staggering.
natürlich immer viele Leute, die nicht in der Lage sind, das auch zu But they also reflected more universal trends, like social избавляться не только от ветхого и аварийного, bien les politiques publiques, c'est beaucoup d'efficacité qui est perdue », précise Hélène Vincent, adjointe de la eastern France, exploded. A mob set
asset here instead of a liability,Ó Yots said.
Here's our summertime потолков 3.3 м, 3
original tenants, now in their 70s and 80s, are afraid to leave their homes. Muggers Displaced residents are receiving vouchers to move to Notes of the meeting state that it was "generally agreed that Porteresque accusations of
the sort of early Victorian houses that used to stand here in Dalston and Hackney.' selection of cafes and finanzieren. Es hier gibt hier also ein Entscheidungsproblem. Man уровн. п/п. но и от некомфортного жилья", - заявил мэр. Информация politique jeunesse à Grenoble et en charge du secteur.
In the machine age, Le Corbusier declared in 1923 in his tract Vers Une Architecture, "the human animal stands and drug dealers have made the streets in the sky, the concrete walkways linking the Applicants had to enter a lottery, a restaurants. braucht daher einen Rahmen, der Entscheidungen erleichtert - und dislocation and the fragmentation of the traditional family, Подробнее...
nearly 100 cars on fire, wrecked a
Erik S. Lesser for The New York Times private housing. And a landmark experiment in housing gerrymandering or social engineering needed to be faced head on pointing to the Саморегулирующиеся компании
breathless and panting before a tool that he cannot take hold of. Progress appears to him as hateful as it is (Photograph omitted) practice that continues to this day, and being chosen was akin to man braucht auch die finanziellen Grundlagen. Das heißt, man muss influencing generations of architects from London to Цена: от застройщика tram car and burned an annex of city
Yots draws his inspiration from the City of Buffalo where some developers have had success
flats, their territory. Ivan Prikryl, Renée L. Glover, executive director of Ссылки по теме Продажа баз данных
winning a $ 1 million draw. In 1957, the Mainichi Shimbun reported
Eigenkapital bilden, und man benötigt ein intaktes the urban poor in large government-run facilities that urgency of needing to act to address failing neighbourhoods". Capital Group Bâtie à la fin des années 1960 avec la volonté de créer un quartier favorisant la communauté de vie et la mixité hall.
stellvertretender the Atlanta Housing Authority, at a Moscow. Депутаты подарят строителям ветхое жилье - Обучающие программы
praiseworthy. All is confusion within his mind. He feels himself to be the slave of a frantic state of things and Ready to expand your Hypothekensystem, damit Fremdkapital aufgenommen werden Minister für +7 (495) 771-77-77 

turning the old and abandoned into the new and habitable. He points to the ÒLofts at 136Ó where
redeveloped property.
Sheffield council accepts urgent investment is needed but it says it simply hasn't got that the odds of getting into the spanking new Hikarigaoka Danchi in horizons and study in Japan? kann. Und schließlich braucht man für die sozial Schwachen eine Regionalentwicklung in began under the New Deal is being undone. REALTY.lenta.ru, 10.11.2006 sociale, la Villeneuve était à ses débuts le théâtre d'un véritable engouement, ingénieurs, universitaires et professeurs
experiences no sense of liberation or comfort..." Tschechien The meeting identified that "funding" would be needed for the "political problem of Выставки
Kashiwa, Chiba Prefecture, were more than 25,000 to 1. Of the five members who made up the group, Kurokawa Поселок Millennium Park  В центре Москвы восстановят ветхие дома - se pressant depuis la capitale pour profiter de ses prix attractifs et s'engager dans le projet. The police, reinforced by the national riot police,
developer Jake Schneider is turning the old Alling & Cory building next to Erie Community
zielgenaue Förderung, um sie abzusichern, damit sie ihre
©independent.co.uk Terms & Policies | Email newsletter | RSS | Contact us | Syndication | Advertising Guide | London Careers | Subscriptions | Jobs Here's your resource for locating Projekt Sieben
the money. Laboratorien hilft Over the past 15 years, Atlanta has bulldozed about 15,000 units, spread across 32 management". KazRealty 2010 - Казахстанская The New York Times
the educational institutions and was the most glamorous. A photo taken in 1958 at a responded in ÒRobocopÓ gear, with helicopters flying
A construction binge over the next couple of decades eventually curriculum best suited to you and your goals.
praxisnahe
housing projects, some of which once contained as many as 2,500 residents. Collegeʼs city campus into housing for 300 students. The project will resurrect a six-story Petit à petit, l'évolution de la population, le chômage et la précarité ont changé son visage. « Pour les habitants, le GrenobleÕs planned districts were
overhead and television cameras in place, and made a
HTA Architects Ltd, hired by the council to suggest future options for Park Hill, are eased the pinch, to the point where these housing projects are now established in the 1970s.
Tokyo University of Social Welfare structure built in 1910 that has been vacant for the past seven years. plus difficile est de faire aujourd'hui le deuil de ce quartier qui se voulait magnifique », analyse Mme Vincent. number of arrests in a series of raids.

« Il est facile de s'installer à la Villeneuve, mais tu n'en sors jamais indemne, raconte un habitant de 29 ans. C'est un
http://realty.lenta.ru/news/2006/11/21/snos/ 8/12/2010
http://www.tnr.com/print/article/the-death-the-moderns 8/12/2010 http://www.radio.cz/de/artikel/64540 8/13/2010 ÒItʼs happening in Buffalo,Ó Yots said. ÒItʼs happening in other communities. It could happen ghetto où règne le vice de l'argent facile. » Le jeune homme détaille les rackets des plus faibles par « des lâches » et
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/07/arts/design/07capsule.html 8/13/2010 here.Ó
http://www.guardian.co.uk/money/2009/jul/09/council-housing-social-cleansing-tories/print 8/12/2010 la présence de guetteurs postés jour et nuit dans les mezzanines. « Il y a toujours quatre ou cinq crapules qui ont le
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/21/us/21atlanta.html 8/12/2010

http://www.lemonde.fr/cgi-bin/ACHATS/ARCHIVES/archives.cgi?ID=1a64659333731f5... 8/13/2010

Good Bye Lenin! Wolfgang Becker, 2003 mhtml:file://Q:\AMO\IT_Venice_Biennale_2010\research\Banlieues\Newspaper clips\To... 8/12/2010

La Haine, Mathieu Kassovitz, 1995

Gommorah, Matteo Garrone, 2008

 Construction Materials Lifespan in Years
fluorescent tube 3
computers and copiers 7
furniture and fixtures 13
dishwashers and microwave ovens 13

The architecture of the 1960s, 70s and 80s freezers and refrigerators 14

– in this case Kurokawa’s Capsule Tower – is carpet 16

vulnerable from two sides. The first is physical kitchen units 18
decay. In his enthusiasm for new materials and vinyl floor covering 18
new processes, Kurokawa’s structure is as fragile air conditioning fan 18
as the sum of his materials’ half-life... exhaust fans, counter tops, HVACs 25
KHRUSHCHEVKA “DISPOSABLE” (сносимые серии) 25 years
low-cost, panelled five-storied apartment building introduced in the USSR in the 1960s 25
suspended ceilings 25
radiators 27
hydraulic passenger elevator 31
dismountable steel / aluminium partitioning 31
steel profiled sheet cladding (external walls) 37
plasterboard walls 37
PVC sanitary fittings and soil vent pipes 44
PVC windows 45
PLATTENBAU BUILDINGS 45 years
prefabricated construction method typical of East Germany, introduced in the 1960s 46
aluminum windows
46
toilets 47
cast iron sanitary fittings and soil vent pipes 51
PANELAK 60-years
pre-fabricated, pre-stressed concrete panel building in the Czech Republic and elsewhere in the former Soviet bloc
60
KHRUSHCHEVKA “PERMANENT” (несносимые серии) 60 years
low-cost, panelled or concrete block apartment building introduced in the USSR from the 1960s to the 1980s
60
cable 73
profiled steel and reinforced concrete floor 74
precast concrete floor slab 82
plattenbau panels: concrete precast panels 82
CONCRETE FRAME BUILDINGS 75 to 100 years
typical HLM (Habitation a Loyer Modere) construction method, eg. Candilis and Woods’ Bobgny HLM, Paris
75-100
STEEL FRAME BUILDINGS 75 to 100years 75-100

fair-faced brickwork 92
timber pitched roof 92

TIMBER FRAME BUILDINGS 100 years* 100

chimney 125
BRICK AND STONE BUILDINGS 125 years* 125
brick and stone walls 133
stucco 133
concrete block 165
foundations 170
CONCRETE BUILDINGS 175 years* 175
poured footings 175
1
Bad taste or bad ideology? The intolerance of our generation
has been breathtaking; if the same criteria that eliminated
Berlin’s Palast der Republik had been applied to the past, for
instance the Romans, we would have no history left...
 0°

15°
15°
75°

45°
45°

23°
23°

30°
30°

60°
60°
90°
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS - MODERN HERITAGE

1950
1942-1962 / 1999 Cabrini-Green, Chicago, USA 1
1950s Ataköy, Istanbul, Turkey 2
1950s Regent Park, Toronto, Canada 3
1950s Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Central University, Caracas, Venezuela 4
1952 Prudential Building, Houston, USA 5
1953 / 2000 Jeffries Homes, Detroit, USA 6

113
1953 Cite Verticale et Horizontale, Carriere Centrale, Casablanca, Morrocco 7
1953–1954 Diar El Mahcoul, Algiers, Algeria 8

52
150°
1953–1955 Diar es Saada, Algiers, Algeria 9

71
1953–1959 Caisse d'Allocations Familiales, Paris, France 10

122
1954–1955 / 1972–1974 Pruitt-Igoe, St. Louis, Missouri, USA 11
1954–1966 Unidad Vecinal Portales, Santiago, Chile 12
1954 / 1995 Raymond Rosen Homes, Philadelphia, USA 13
1954 Phillis Wheatley Elementary School, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA 14
1954–1955 Shek Kip Mei Resettlement Estate, Hong Kong, China 15
135°

1954–1957 Climat de France,Algiers,Algeria 16

Docomomo Mexico
1955–1960 / 2008 Paul Bur aux Grésilles, Dijon, France 17

120
166
1955–1975 HDB Blocks Bedok South Avenue, Singapore, Singapore 18

36
105
152
1955 Comunidad 23 de Enero, Caracas, Venezuela 19

26
1955 / 2007 Stateway Gardens, Chicago, USA 20

5
1955 / 2001 Flag House Courts, Baltimore, USA 21
1955 / 2005 Grace Abbot Homes,Chicago,USA 22

85
1955 / 2000 Plattenbauten, Hoyerswerda, Germany 23
120°

1956 Colonia Marina Funtanazza, Sardinia, Italy 24

31
50
1956 Seat Comedores Zona Franca, Barcelona, Spain 25
1956 Dallas Statler Hotel, Dallas, USA 26

14 98
1957 / 2007 Fix Brewery, Athens, Greece 27

11

Docomomo Panama
1957 / 2005 Henry Horner Homes, Chicago, USA 28

74 1
1957 Instituto Marchiondi Spagliardi, Milan, Italy 29

153 106
82 28
22 20
1957 Mellon Arena, Pittsburgh, USA 30

48
124 125
75

53
105°

1958 / 2007 Union Tank Car Company, Baton Rouge, USA 31

32 187
1958 / 2009 Riverview High School, Sarasota, USA 32 TICCHI USA: Conservation of Industrial Heritage
Docomomo Canada

6
1958 / 2007 Cheremushki, Moscow, Russia 33
30
1958–1960 / 2001 Rogier International Centre, Brussels, Belgium 34

44
3

1958–1970 Kim Lien (KTT), Hanoi, Vietnam 35 77

1959–1960 / 2002 Casino de la Selva, Cuernavaca, Mexico 36

Docomomo Ecuador
1959–1969 / 2004 Beauval, Meaux, France 37
86

1959 Jacana, East Melbourne, Australia 38

41
12
90°

1959 / 2008 Agfa Building, Munich, Germany 39

183 4
162
responsible for many of our current ills...

96 19
1959 / 2011 Sao Vito, Sao Paulo, Brazil 40

182
1959 Montemar Institute of Marine Biology, Vina del Mar, Chile 41
1959 So Uk Estate, Hong Kong, China 42

TICCIH Chile
Docomomo US

1960 Ma Tau Wai Estate, Hong Kong, China 43

1960 Raleigh Municipal Building, Raleigh, USA 44

Docomomo Chile
1960–1963 / 2009 Vache-Noire HLM, Arcueuil, France 45
1960–1965 / 2005–2010 Prés Saint-Jean, des Aubépins, Chalon-sur-Saône, France 46
75°

167
1960–1965 / 2006 Lavoisier, Montereau-Fault-Yonne, France 47
WMF: World Monument Funds

1960s Monobloc Los Libertadores, Ciudad de Panama, Panama 48

Docomomo Puerto Rico

American Cultural Resources Association
21 13 National Trust for Historic Preservation

1960s Japigia, Bari, Italy 49

1960s / 2007 B. W. Cooper Housing, New Orleans, USA 50

TICCIH Argentina
1960s Nor Nork, Yerevan, Armenia 51
1960s USM Dorms, Portland, USA 52
1960s Commodore Ralph Middleton Munroe Marine Stadium, Miami, USA 53

94
1960s / 2006 Barres de l'îlot Saint-Pierre, Ariane, Nice, France 54
60°

1960s / 1989 Biscottes, Lille, France 55

1960s / 2008 Mail des Tertres,Bagneux ,France 56
1960s / 2008 4 tours zup beau marais, Calais, France 57
1960s / 2009 Bauholding Pro Potsdam, Postdam, Germany 58

Argentine Docomomo Working Party

1960s / 2005 WK 7 S-Bf. Miltitzer Allee, Leipzig, Germany 59
1960s / 2008 Calthorpe House, Birmingham, UK 60

40 Docomomo Brazil
1960s / 2009 Nesnosimyh (Khrushchyovka), Moscow, Russia 61
45°

1960s / 2005–2007 Khoroshevo-Mnevniki, Moscow, Russia 62

1960s / 2008–2009 Malaya Botanical, Komarov Botanical, Moscow, Russia 63
1960s / 2005–2007 Marfino, Moscow, Russia 64
1960s / 2006–2007 Moskvorechye-Saburovo, Moscow, Russia 65
1960s / 1999 Pinetamare, Villaggio Coppola, Italy 66
1960s / 2007 HLM, Ghlin, Belgique 67
1960s Forestiere, Clichy-Sous-Bois, France 68
1960s Royal University of Phnom Penh, Phnom Penh, Cambodia 69
30°

1960s HDBs Toa Payoh, Singapore, Singapore 70

1961–1969 / 1995 Landmark Tower, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA 71
die and disappear because it is ‘ugly’, and because it is declared

1961 Shaukeiwan Estate, Hong Kong, China 72

systems, that postwar architecture was wrong, that is deserves to

1961 Wong Tai Sin Resettlement Estate, Hong Kong, China 73

1961 / 2005 Henry Horner Homes, Chicago, USA 74
1961 / 2009 Rockwell Gardens, Chicago, USA 75
There is now a worldwide consensus, in all cultures and all political

1961 / 2005 Oxgang Tower, Capela, Edinburgh, UK 76

15°

1961 Cyclorama Building, Gettysburg, USA 77

1961 Das Marburger System, Lahnberge, Marburg, Germany 78
1962 / 2000 Hotel Prisank, Kranjska Gora, Slovenia 79
1962 / 2008 Bellefontaine, Le Mirail, Toulouse, France 80
WMF Portugal 173

7
179
UNESCO HQ Paris

1962 / 2004-2008 Reynerie, Le Mirail, Toulouse, France 81

168

Docomomo Belgium
World Preservation Foundation 107
Docomomo UK Working Party

1962 Robert Taylor Homes, Chicago, USA 82

WMF France
109
126

Docomomo France 165

European Architectural History Network 102
0°

1962 / 2008 Lintons Housing Estate, Barking, Essex, UK 83

108
116

103
133

ICOMOS Paris
60

1962 Commonwealth Institute, London, UK 84

76

139 140

138 84
91

1962 First Pasadena State Bank, Houston, USA 85

Fundacion Docomomo Iberico
WMF Spain
56 45

1962 Bell Labs Holmdel Complex, Holmdel, USA 86

83

57

68 148 10

81 80

25

1962 Radomes at RAF Fylingdales, Yorkshire, UK 87

127 170

8
37

99
46

16

Docomomo Morocco

1962 Mapo Apartments, Seoul, South Korea 88

47

9
53
55 52
101
WMF Britain

156
93 163 176

1962–1971 / 2007 Tour ABC Balzac, Vitry-sur-Seine, France 89

146
17
97
114

67
34

181
117 87 155 Archiafrica

132 149 54

1962–1975 / 1997–2003 Vele di Scampia, Naples, Italy 90

15°

89
186
159

130 123

24

1963–1978 / 2008 Plaine du Lys, Dammarie-lès-Lys, France 91

29
137

1963 / 1996 Hotel Berolina, Berlin, Germany 92

185
131

171

78 39
58
164 59

1963 / 2008–2023 Aylesbury Estate, London, UK 93

154

157

1963 / 1975 Wilson Mendes Caldeira, Sao Paulo, Brazil 94

79
110 147

134
66
165
92 100

1963 The Bassac River Front, Phnom Penh, Cambodia 95

23 112

90
151
158

1964–1968 Los Bloques de Caricuao, Caracas, Venezuela 96

49

1964 / 2004 Courneuve, Paris, France 97

30°

Africa Union of Architects

TICCIH
Europa Nostra 129 Docomomo Denmark

ICCROM Rome

1964 / 2004–2009 The Melpomene Project, New Orleans, USA 98

Docomomo
180

1965 / 1994 Bosquets, Montfermeil, France 99

Docomomo Sweden 178

Italy
Docomomo

1965 / 2007 Wohnkomplex VII, Eisenhüttenstadt, Germany 100

Germany

27

1965 / 2009 Holy Ziekenhuis, Vlaardingen, Netherlands 101

Docomomo Austria
177 TICCIH Austria
Stichting Docomomo Netherland

Docomomo Germany
Czech

1965 / 2004 Tricorn Center, Portsmouth, UK 102

1965 / 1999 Laboratorios Jorba “La pagoda”, Madrid, Spain 103
111 Docomomo Slovakia

1965 Vitas Tenement Building, Manila, Phillipines 104

Docomomo
Republic

1965–1967 Lomas de Sotelo, Mexico City, Mexico 105

45°

Docomomo Latvia

Docomomo Bulgaria

1966 / 1997 Atlanta-Fulton County Stadium, Atlanta, USA 106

184
Greece

1966 / 2004–2007 Ballymun flats, Dublin, Ireland 107

144

1966 / 2008 Broomview House, Edinburgh, UK 108

61
118 33
65 64

1966 St. Peter's Seminary, Cardross, Scotland 109

121
62

1966–1975 / 1992 Bijlmermeer, Amsterdam, Netherlands 110

Docomomo Turkey

1966–1975 Kamýk, Prague, Czech Republic 111

TICCIH South Africa

1967–1970 / 2000 Ahornblatt, Berlin, Germany 112

60°

1967 / 1998 The Geneva Towers, San Francisco, USA 113

1967 / 1998 Mittelganghaus, Eisenhüttenstadt, Germany 114
TICCIH Russia

175
51

Docomomo Israel

1967 / 2007 Leeds International Pool, Leeds, UK 115

63 Docomomo Russia

1967 / 2004 Shawbridge Street in the Pollokshaws, Glasgow, UK 116

1967 / 2009 Rossiya Hotel, Moscow, Russia 117
mAAN: Modern Asian Architecture Network

1967 USSR Pavilion at Expo 1967, Moscow, Russia 118

1968 HDB’s at Toa Payoh New Town, Toa Payoh, Singapore 119
1968 Villa Olimpica, Mexico City, Mexico 120
75°

1968 Modern Ashdod, Ashdod, Israel 121

1968 Kingdome, Seattle, USA 122
1968 / 2005 Tour Berlioz, Wilson, Reims, France 123
1968 / 2009 Martin Luther King Tower, Atlanta, USA 124
1968 / 2010 Martin Luther King Tower, Atlanta, USA 125
1968 / 2008 Queen's Court, Toryglen, Glasgow, UK 126
1968 / 2009 Stonebridge Estate, Harlesden, UK 127
1968 Preah Suramarit National Theater, Phnom Penh, Cambodia 128
90°

1968–1972 Gellerupparken, Aarhus, Denmark 129

1968–1975 / 2009 HLM quartier de la Citadelle, Montbéliard, France 130
1969–1978 / 2006 Plattenbau in Evershagen, Rostock, Germany 131
1969 / 2008 Capendeguy, La Deveze, Beziers, France 132
141

1969 / 2010 Red Road Flats, Glasgow, UK 133

1969 Zen, Palermo, Italy 134
1969 / 2003 Hwanghwakdonge Apartment Complex, Seoul, South Korea 135
1970–1980 Ugsarmal bair, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia 136
143
105°

1970 / 2010 Schwerin Muesser Holz, Muesser Holz, Germany 137

1970 / 2010 Pimlico School, London, UK 138
1970 / 2006 Hamilton House, Sandwell, UK 139
1970 / 1995 Hulme Court, Manchester, UK 140
1970s Yunus-Abad, Tashkent, Uzbequistan 141
1970s / 1996 Hak Jam Apartments, Pohang, South Korea 142
1970s Babasaheb Ambedkar Nagar, Parel, Mumbai, India 143
TICCIH India

1970s / 2008 Hotel Maputo, Maputo, Mozambique 144

120°

1970s / 1996 12 Towers, Pohang, South Korea 145

1970s HLM Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria 146
1971 Buchkiost, Baabe, Rügen, Germany 147
1971–1980 Quartier des Pyramides, Evry, France 148
1971–1980 / 2008 Balzac et Camus Corneille, Montpellier, France 149
1971 Atherton Gardens Estate, Melbourne, Australia 150
1971 / 2000 Kranj Fair, Kranj, Slovenia 151
135°

1971 / 2008 Texas Stadium, Irving, USA 152

mAAN: Modern Asian Architecture Network

1972 / 1997 Omni Coliseum, Atlanta, USA 153

1972 / 2007 Wuhlestraße, Marzahn, Berlin, Germany 154
1972 / 2011 Robin Hood Gardens, London, UK 155
1972 / 2008 Bank of Industry, Lagos, Nigeria 156
136

1972–1980 Corviale Neighborhood, Rome, Italy 157

1972–1971 / 2009 Zschertnitz, Dresden, Germany 158
18
35

160 95

1972 Library of Teacher Training College, Phnom Penh, Cambodia 159

150°

128

1972 Institute of Foreign Languages, Phnom Penh, Cambodia 160

159

1972 Nakagin Capsule Tower, Tokyo, Japan 161

72
42

1972 Library Communications Center, Dartmouth University, USA 162

15

1972 Tri-Postal, Nancy, France 163

72 172

1973–1976 / 2008 Palast Der Republik, Berlin, Germany 164

Medan Understanding Heritage
43
174

1973–1979 Forestiere, Clichy-Sous-Bois, France 165

SHT: Sumatra Heritage Trust

1973 Ixtapaluca, Mexico City, Mexico 166

1973 / 2000 Fuerte Apache, Buenos Aires, Argentina 167
165°

1973 / 2008 Stirlingfauld Place, Glasgow, UK 168

1974–1977 / 1996 Aussenministerium DDR, Berlin, Germany 169
88

1974 / 2010 Heygate Estate, London, UK 170

135 165

104

1974 Helber Markersdorf, Chemnizt, Germany 171

1974 / 2010 Kwai Shing East Estate, Hong Kong, China 172
119 mAAN: Modern Asian Architecture Network

1974 / 1995 Sao Victor, Porto,Portugal 173

1975 Ha Kwai Chung Lai King Estate, Hong Kong, China 174
1975 Georgian Ministry of Highways, Tbilisi, Georgia 175
142 145 Docomomo Korea
180°

1976 / 2002 ZUP de Champ-Auger, Châteauroux, France 176

188

mAAN: Modern Asian Architecture Network

1977 Petržalka, Bratislava, Slovakia 177

69 Culture and Environment Preservation Association (CEPA)

1977 / 2010 Preses Nams, Riga, Latvia 178

1977 Quinta da Malagueira, Evora, Portugal 179
38

1977 Genex Tower, Belgrade, Serbia 180

1978 Satellite Town, Lagos, Nigeria 181
150

1978 / 1998 Villa Panamericana & Las Orquideas, San Juan, Puerto Rico 182
1979 Residencias Parque Central, Caracas, Venezuela 183
161 Docomomo Japan

1979 Batkent, Ankara, Turkey 184

1979–2000 Sant'Elia, Cagliari, Italy 185
1987 Kreuzberg Tower, Berlin, Germany 186
1988 / 2008 Miami Arena, Miami, USA 187
Docomomo Australia

1989 Hikarigaoka Park Town, -Tokyo, Japan 188

mAAN: Modern Asian Architecture Network

1990
60°
45°
30°
23°
15°
0°
15°
23°
30°
45°
60°
75°
90°
 de

de
2007
Our intolerance for the architecture of the ‘Black Hole’ –
2005 2001 2002 1999 2004 2008 2010
1960’s Microraion, Moscow, Russia 1955 Comunidad 23 de Enero, Caracas, Venezuela 1958–1970 Kim Lien (KTT), Hanoi, Vietnam 1958 Union Tank Car, Baton Rouge, USA 1960s Faubourg de Béthune, Lille, France 1960’s Mantes-la-Jolie, France 1962-1975/1997-2003 Vele di Scampia, Naples, Italy 1960–1965 Saint-Jean, Chalon-sur-Saone, France 1965 Laboratorios Jorba , Madrid, Spain 1967 Shawbridge Street , Glasgow, UK 1970 Houaing Estate, Addis Abeba, Ethiopia 1973 Stirlingfauld, Glasgow, UK 1970s Khrushchevka, Moscow, Russia 1979–2000 Sant’Elia, Cagliari, Italy 1970 Schwerin, Muesser Holz, Germany 1980s Fužine, Ljubljana, Slovenia

ostensibly caused by its failure to create livable cities – is in

2005 1998
fact fueled by a deep envy towards the former belief2010
in social
1999 2009 1996 2007
1942-1962 Cabrini Green, Chicago, USA 1953 Carriere Centrale, Casablanca, Morrocco 1959 / 2011 Sao Vito, Sao Paulo, Brazil 1960s Forestiere, Clichy-sous-Bois, France 1968 Martin Luther King Tower, Atlanta, USA 1963 Hotel Berolina, Berlin, Germany 1961 Oxgang Tower, Edinburgh, UK 1969 Zen, Palermo, Italy 1967 Mittelganghaus, Eisenhuttenstadt, Germany 1960s
experimentation. NOW, if we experiment, we do it on our own,
Commodore Ralph Middleton M, Miami, USA 1974 Helber Markersdorf, Chemnizt, Germany 1970s Babasaheb Ambedkar Nagar, Mumbai, India 1972 Nakagin Capsule Tower, Tokyo, Japan 1970s Yunus-Abad, Tashkent, Uzbekistan 1974 Heygate Estate, London, UK 1987 Kreuzberg Tower, Berlin, Germany

for ourselves. Then, we did it with and for others, the people...
2004 2001 1997 2010
1952 Prudential Building, Houston, USA 1954–1956 Unidad Vecinal Portales, Santiago, Chile 1953–1959 Caisse d’Allocations Familiales, Paris, France 1956 Les Dunes, Algiers, Algeria 1960s Nor Nork, Yerevan, Armenia 1965–1975 Panelak, Prague, Czech Republic 1961 Shau Kei Wan Estate, Hong Kong, China 1961 Rockwell Gardens, Chicago, USA 1960s Mantes-la-Jolie, France 1966 Atlanta-Fulton County Stadium, Atlanta, USA 1970s Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria 1970 Schwerin, Muesser Holz, Germany 1972 Library Teacher T.C., Phom Penh, Cambodia 1975 Ministry of Highways, Tbilisi, Georgia 1971 Buchkiost, Baabe, Rugen, Germany 1989 Hikarigaoka Park Town, Tokyo, Japan

2001 2006 1989 2007 2008

1960’s Saint Jean, Bordeaux, France 1972 New Sky Building, Tokyo, Japan 1973–1976 Palast der Republik, Berlin, Germany
1953 Carriere Centrale, Casablanca, Morrocco 1956 Colonia Marina Funtanazza, Sardinia, Italy 1958–1960 Rogier Intern. Centre, Brussels, Belgium 1955 Comunidad 23 de Enero, Caracas, Venezuela 1963 The Bassac River Front, Phom Penh, Cambodia 1960s / 1989 Biscottes, Lille, France 1960s Furstenberg, Brandenburg, Germany 1969 Zen, Palermo, Italy 1961 Parque del Este, Caracas, Venezuela 1973 / 2000 Fuerte Apache, Buenos Aires, Argentina 1979–2000 Sant’Elia, Cagliari, Italy 1972 Trellick Tower, London, UK 1980–1987 Plattenbau, Marzahn, Germany

1999 2009 2003

1942–1962 / 1999 Cabrini Green, Chicago, USA 1962–1975 / 1997–2003 Vele di Scampia, Naples, Italy 1969 Hwanghwak Apartments, Seoul, South Korea 1970s Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria 1979 Residencias Parque Central, Caracas, Venezuela 1980–1987 Plattenbau, Marzahn, Germany
1954–1957 Climat de France, Algiers, Algeria 1953–1954 Diar El Mahcoul, Algiers, Algeria 1960s Clichy-sous-Bois, France 1963 / 2008–2023 Aylesbury Estate, London, UK 1960s Los Libertadores, Panama City, Panama 1962 Radomes at RAF, North Yorkshire, UK 1962 Bellefontaine, Le Mirail, Toulouse, France 1972 / 2011 Robin Hood Gardens, London, UK 1972–1984 Corviale, Rome, Italy 1970s Khrushchevka, Moscow, Russia

1972 2006 2004 2007

1954–1955 Pruitt-Igoe, St.Louis, USA 1965–1975 Panelak, Prague, Czech Republic 1962 First Pasadena State Bank, Houston, USA 1960s Royal University, Phom Penh, Cambodia 1967 Shawbridge Street , Glasgow, UK 1960s Commodore Ralph Middleton M, Miami, USA 1965–1975 Plattenbau, Eisenhuttenstadt, Germany 1972 Tri-Postal, Nancy, France 1977 Genex Tower, , Belgrade, Serbia 1973 / 2000 Fuerte Apache. Buenos Aires, Argentina 1972 Library Teacher T.C., Phom Penh, Cambodia 1980s Orekhovo-Borisovo Microrayon, Moscow
1959 So Uk Estate, Hong Kong, China 1957 Instituto Marchiondi Spagliardi, Milan, Italy 1950s / 2006 Regent Park, Toronto, Canada 1970s Killer Dori Danchi, Tokyo, Japan

1995 2008 2007 2001 2004 2002 2008 2008

1959 Montemar Institute, Vina del Mar, Chile 1959 / 2011 Sao Vito, Sao Paulo, Brazil 1954 Raymond Rosen Homes, Philadelphia, USA 1960s Moscow Suburb, Riga, Latvia 1966 Broomview House, Edinburgh, UK 1962 Robert Taylor Homes, Chicago, USA 1963 Bassac River Front, Phom Penh, Cambodia 1960s Mantes-la-Jolie, France 1967 Downtown apartments, Cheonggye, South Korea 1964 Courneuve, Paris, France 1976 ZUP Camp Auger, Chateauroux, France 1977 Cottbus, Chosebuz, Germany 1975 Ministry of Highways, Tbilisi, Georgia 1972 Nakagin Capsule Tower, Tokyo, Japan 1970s Plattenbau, Kaliningrad, Russia 1988 Miami Arena, Miami, USA

2001 2004 2000 2008 2009 1995 2006

1957 Mellon Arena, Pittsburgh, USA 1956 Colonia Marina Funtanazza, Sardinia, Italy 1957 Instituto Marchiondi Spagliardi, Milan, Italy 1955 Flag House Court, Baltimore, USA 1962–1975 / 1997–2003 Vele di Scampia, Naples, Italy 1964 National Sports Complex, Phom Penh, Cambodia 1962 Bellefontaine, Le Mirail, Toulouse, France 1969 Confirmed Ga Apartments, Giro, South Korea 1960s 13eme Arrondissement, Paris, France 1965 Holy Ziekenhuis, Vlaardingen, Netherlands 1970s Yunus-Abad, Tashkent, Uzbekistan 1970s Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria 1974 Sao Victor, Porto, Portugal 1970 Hamilton House, Sandwell, UK 1972–1974 Ivanovskoe, Moscow, Russia 1980s Public Housing, Tokyo, Japan

LA DEFENSE+ 2004 2008 2008 2004 2002 2000 2010

1959 So Uk Estate, Hong Kong, China 1959–1969 Beauval, Meaux, France 1959 So Uk Estate, Hong Kong, China 1960s Cheryomushki Microrayon, Moscow, Russia 1963–1978 Plaine du Lys, Dammarie les Lys, France 1960s / 2008 Calthorpe House, Birmingham, UK 1965/2004 Tricorn Center, Portsmouth, UK 1960s Royal University, Phom Penh, Cambodia 1960–1965 Saint-Jean, Chalon-sur-Saone, France 1962 Commonwealth Institute, London, UK 1973 Fuerte Apache, Buenos Aires, Argentina 1972 Library Teacher T.C., Phom Penh, Cambodia 1970 Pimlico School, London, UK 1972–1984 Corviale, Rome, Italy 1979–2000 Sant’Elia, Cagliari, Italy 1980s Jahodová od Pražské, Prague, Czeck Republic

2006 2000 2007 2010

1956 Dallas Statler Hotel, Dallas, USA 1954–1957 Climat de France, Algiers, Algeria 1957–1995 Carcinoma Apartment, Seoul, South Korea 1950s Regent Park, Toronto, Canada 1964 / 2004 Courneuve, Paris, France 1967–1970 Ahornblatt, Berlin, Germany 1963–1978 / 2008 Plaine du Lys, Dammarie les Lys, France 1961 Wong Tai Sin Estate, Hong Kong, China 1962 Robert Taylor Homes, Chicago, USA 1965–1975 HDB, Singapore, Rep. of Singapore 1971–1980 Quartier des Pyramides, Evry, France 1970 Schwerin, Muesser Holz, Germany 1970s Plattenbau, Hellerserdorf, Germany 1970s HDB, Singapore, Rep. of Singapore 1972 New Sky Building, Tokyo, Japan 1980s Lhotka-Libuš Cílkova, Prague, Czeck Republic

2004 2009 2000 2009

1967–1970 / 2000 Ahornblatt, Berlin, Germany 1966 St. Peter’s Seminary, Cardross, UK 1972 / 2011 Robin Hood Gardens, London, UK 1977 Petrzalka, Bratislavam Slovakia 1975 Ha Kwai Chung Lai King, Hong Kong, China 1977 Quinta da Malagueira, Evora, Portugal 1972 Trellick Tower, London, UK 1980s Orekhovo-Borisovo Microrayon, Moscow
1959–1969 Beauval, Meaux, France 1955 Comunidad 23 de Enero, Caracas, Venezuela 1958 Riverview High School, Sarasota, USA 1960s Moscow Suburb, Riga, Latvia 1961 Cyclorama Building, Gettysburg, USA 1964–1968 Los Bloques de Caricuao, Caracas, Venezuela 1961 Shau Kei Wan Estate, Hong Kong, China 1965 Holy Ziekenhuis, Vlaardingen, Netherlands

2007 2004 2007 2008 2008 2010 2010 2007

1959 So Uk Estate, Hong Kong, China 1957 Fix Brewery, Athens, Greece 1964 Courneuve, Paris, France 1969 Capendeguy, Beziers, France 1960s 13eme Arrondissement, Paris, France 1979 Residencias Parque Central, Caracas, Venezuela 1974 Heygate Estate, London, UK 1979–2000 Sant’Elia, Cagliari, Italy 1970s Hotel Maputo, Maputo, Mozambique 1980s Ugsarnal Bair, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
1953–1955 Diar es Saada, Algiers, Algeria 1950s Faculty of Architecture, Caracas, Venezuela 1969 / 2010 Red Road Flats, Glasgow, UK 1965–1975 Plattenbau, Eisenhuttenstadt, Germany 1962 Commonwealth Institute, London, UK 1970 Pimlico School, London, UK

2008 2009 1992 2009 2008 1992

1954-1956 Unidad Vecinal Portales, Santiago, Chile 1955–1965 Paul Bur Gresilles, Dijon, France 1956 Dallas Statler Hotel, Dallas, USA 1956 Les Dunes, Algiers, Algeria 1967 URSS Pavilion 1967 Expo, Moscow, Russia 1961–2009 Rockwell Gardens, Chicago, USA 1962 / 2004–2008 Le Mirail, Toulouse, France 1966–1975 Bijmermeer, Amsterdam, Netherlands 1969 Chungwoon Apartments, Seoul, South Korea 1966 St. Peter’s Seminary, Cardross, UK 1972–1984 Corviale, Rome, Italy 1971 Texas Stadium, Irving, USA 1972 Library Communications Center, Dartmouth, USA 1972 Omni Coliseum, Atlanta, USA 1970s Higashikurume Danchi, Tokyo , Japan 1980’s Osiede 5, Konin, Poland

2004 2007 1995 2009 2006

1959–1969 Beauval, Meaux, France 1954–1955 Shek Kip Mei Estate, Hong Kong, China 1957 Instituto Marchiondi Spagliardi, Milan, Italy 1958 Union Tank Car, Baton Rouge, USA 1961 Shau Kei Wan Estate, Hong Kong, China 1962 Bellefontaine, Le Mirail, Toulouse, France 1964–1968 Los Bloques de Caricuao, Caracas, Venezuela 1968–1975 Mitchell Hill High Rises, Glasgow, UK 1970s HDB, Singapore, Rep. of Singapore 1972–1974 Ivanovskoe, Moscow, Russia 1970s Khrushchevka, Moscow, Russia 1970s HDB, Singapore, Rep. of Singapore 1971 Buchkiost, Baabe, Rugen, Germany 1980’s Microrayon, Tbilisi, Latvia
1961–1969 Ladnmark Tower, Las Vegas, USA 1965 Vitas Tenement Building, Manila, Phillipines

2005 2007 1992 2007 2002 2004 2010 2008 2010

1957 Herny Horner Homes, Chicago, USA Riverview High School, Sarasota, USA 1969 / 2010 Red Road Flats, Glasgow, UK 1969–1975 Evershagen, Rostock, Germany 1966–1975 Bijmermeer, Amsterdam, Netherlands 1960–1965 Saint-Jean, Chalon-sur-Saone, France 1965 Tricorn Center, Portsmouth, UK 1970s Khrushchevka, Moscow, Russia 1970 Schwerin, Muesser Holz, Germany 1973–1976 Palast der Republik, Berlin, Germany 1970s Yunus-Abad, Tashkent, Uzbekistan 1974 Heygate Estate, London, UK 1980s Tatsumi public Housing, Tokyo, Japan
1958–1970 Kim Lien (KTT), Hanoi, Vietnam 1954–1956 Unidad Vecinal Portales, Santiago, Chile 1958 / 2009 1962 Robert Taylor Homes, Chicago, USA
A former correctional facility for boys, the Marchiondi Institute in Milan
(1957) was abandoned for 20 years. Illegal / improper occupation
and institutional negligence left the building (one of Italy’s Brutalist
masterpieces) in a state of almost irreversible decay, before being
recently rescued by the Politechnica architecture university of Milan...
Why do we hate the utopian with
such fervour? Because it makes
too many demands? Even google
cannot help you out here…
22
 OMA HISTORY

la RESEARCH
defense+

VESTIBULE

Exhibition plan

23
Europe, 1991: Where’s Wally? What, out of this generic ur-soup, deserves eternal life?
 If the same strategy is applied to major
ISTANBUL ISTANBUL
cities, they could constantly adjust and
reinvent their centres instead of being
at the mercy of unsolvable problems
forever...

10km Phase 1 1,831 km2 (current area) Phase 2 1,831 km2 Phase 3 1831 km2 pre 1950 10km pre 1950 Phase 1 1,831 km2 10km
(current area) Phase 2 Phase 1 1,831 km2
1950–1960 1950–1960
2010 - 87.25 km2 (area to be demolished) 2020 - 87.25 km2 2030 - 87.25 km2 1960–1970 1960–1970 2010 - 87.25 km2 (area to be demolished) 2020 2010 - 87.2
- 87.25 km 2
Removal of buildings from 1950–1960 Removal of buildings from 1960–1970 Removal of buildings from 1970–80 Removal of buildings from 1950–1960 Removal of buildings from 1960–1970 Removal of buildings from 1950–1960
- 106.28 km2 - 106.28 km2 1970–1980 1970–1980 - 106.28 km2
1980–2010 1980–2010
- 113.45 km2

TOKYO TOKYO

10km
Removal of buildings from 1950–1960 2187 km2 (current area) Removal of buildings from 1960–1970 2,187 km2 Removal of buildings from 1970–80 2,187 km2 pre 1950 10km pre 1950
Removal of buildings from 1950–1960 2187 km2 (current area) 10km
Removal of buildings from 1960–1970
Removal of buildings from
2,187 1950
km2
Phase 1, 2010
- 842.75 km2 (area to be demolished)
Phase 2, 2020
- 842.75 km2 Phase 3, 2030 1950–1960 1950–1960 Phase 1, 2010
- 842.75 km2 (area to be demolished)
Phase 2, 2020 Phase 1, 2010
- 842.75-km842.7
2
- 842.75 km2 1960–1970 1960–1970
- 198.2 km2 - 198.2 km2 1970–1980 1970–1980 - 198.2 km2
- 345.85 km2 1980–2010 1980–2010

MOSCOW MOSCOW

10km Removal of buildings from 1950–1960 1081 km2 (current area) Removal of buildings from 1960–1970 1081 km2 Removal of buildings from 1970–80 1,081 km2 pre 1950 10km pre 1950 Removal of buildings from 1950–1960 1081 km2 (current area) 10km Removal of buildings from 1960–1970
Removal of buildings from 1950
1081 km2

Phase 1, 2010 - 170.6 km2 Phase 2, 2020 - 170.6 km2 Phase 3, 2030 - 170.6 km2 1950–1960 1950–1960 Phase 1, 2010 - 170.6 km2 Phase 2, 2020 Phase 1, 2010 - 170.6 km2
1960–1970 1960–1970
- 93.27 km2 - 93.27 km2 1970–1980 1970–1980 - 93.27 km2
- 305.65 km2 1980–2010 1980–2010

CHICAGO CHICAGO

10km Removal of buildings from 1950–1960

5532.45 km2 (current area) Removal of buildings from 1960–1970 5532.45 km2 Removal of buildings from 1970–80 5532.45 km2 pre 1950 10km pre 1950 Removal of buildings from 1950–1960
5532.45 km2 (current area) 10km Removal of buildings from 1960–1970
Removal of buildings from km
5532.45 1950
2

Phase 1, 2010 - 430.4 km2 Phase 2, 2020 - 430.4 km2 Phase 3, 2030 - 430.4 km2 1950–1960 1950–1960 Phase 1, 2010 - 430.4 km2 Phase 2, 2020 Phase 1, 2010 - 430.4 km2
1960–1970 1960–1970
- 170.15 km2 - 170.15 km2 1970–1980 1970–1980 - 170.15 km2
- 482.3 km2 1980–2010 1980–2010
Alternative strategies for Beijing preservation –
preservation not focused on what is ancient, unique
or beautiful, but trying to also retain a sense of what
a city meant, and means. It includes current spaces,
Mao spaces, Russian spaces, infrastructure, etc...
A 1972 UN ‘convention’ on the protection of cultural and natural heritage defines
the current criteria of heritage selection; as a text, AMO produced its urgent
counterpart, a collective definition of artifacts that ought to disappear, to make
room for new development. If the empire of preservation continues to grow, it
needs its own opposite: a domain of permanent change...
CONVENTION CONCERNING THE PROTECTION
OF THE WORLD CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGE
The General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
meeting in Paris from 17 October to 21 November 1972, at its seventeenth session,
Noting that the cultural heritage and the natural heritage are increasingly threatened with destruction
not only by the traditional causes of decay, but also by changing social and economic conditions
which aggravate the situation with even more formidable phenomena of damage or destruction,
Considering that deterioration or disappearance of any item of the cultural or natural heritage
constitutes a harmful impoverishment of the heritage of all the nations of the world,
Considering that protection of this heritage at the national level often remains incomplete because of
the scale of the resources which it requires and of the insufficient economic, scientific, and
technological resources of the country where the property to be protected is situated,
Recalling that the Constitution of the Organization provides that it will maintain, increase, and
diffuse knowledge by assuring the conservation and protection of the world's heritage, and
recommending to the nations concerned the necessary international conventions,
Considering that the existing international conventions, recommendations and resolutions concerning
cultural and natural property demonstrate the importance, for all the peoples of the world, of
safeguarding this unique and irreplaceable property, to whatever people it may belong,
Considering that parts of the cultural or natural heritage are of outstanding interest and therefore need
to be preserved as part of the world heritage of mankind as a whole,
Considering that, in view of the magnitude and gravity of the new dangers threatening them, it is
incumbent on the international community as a whole to participate in the protection of the cultural
and natural heritage of outstanding universal value, by the granting of collective assistance which,
although not taking the place of action by the State concerned, will serve as an efficient complement
thereto,
Considering that it is essential for this purpose to adopt new provisions in the form of a convention
establishing an effective system of collective protection of the cultural and natural heritage of
outstanding universal value, organized on a permanent basis and in accordance with modern
scientific methods,
Having decided, at its sixteenth session, that this question should be made the subject of an
international convention,
Adopts this sixteenth day of November 1972 this Convention.
CONVENTION CONCERNING THE DEMOLITION
OF WORLD CULTURAL JUNK
AMO on the occasion of the 12th International Architecture Exhibition at the Venice Biennale from
29 August to 21 November 2010,
Noting that cultural heritage and natural heritage are overwhelming us not only through the
increasing need for identity and or history, but also by changing social and economic conditions
which aggravate the situation with ever more formidable phenomena of preservation,
Considering that the proliferation of cultural or natural heritage constitutes a risk of trivializing the
heritage of all the nations of the world,
Considering that protection of this heritage at the national level has at its disposal enormous
economic, scientific, and technological resources in the country where the property to be protected is
situated,
Recalling that the ideas of the organization provide that it will liberate oversaturated urban territory
through the demolition of junk, and recommending to the nations concerned the new opportunities
that will emerge,
Considering that the existing international conventions, recommendations and resolutions concerning
cultural and natural property demonstrate the importance, for all the peoples of the world, of actively
demolishing junk, to whatever people it may belong,
Considering that parts of the cultural or natural heritage are insignificant and transient and therefore
need to be demolished to facilitate the growth and development of mankind as a whole,
Considering that, in view of the magnitude and speed of the global potential to produce junk, it is
incumbent on the international community as a whole to participate in the removal of cultural and
natural heritage that constitutes Insignificant Universal Junk, by the granting of collective assistance
which, although not taking the place of action by the State concerned, will serve as an efficient
complement thereto,
Considering that it is essential for this purpose to adopt new provisions in the form of a convention
establishing an effective system of collective demolition of cultural and architectural heritage that
constitutes Insignificant Universal Junk, organized on a permanent basis and in accordance with
modern scientific methods,
Having decided, at this 12 International Architecture Biennale, that this question should be made the
subject of an international convention,
Adopts this twenty-ninth day of August 2010 this Convention.
II.D Criteria for the assessment of Outstanding Universal Value (OUV)
§77 The Committee considers a property as having outstanding universal value if the property
meets one or more of the following criteria. Nominated properties shall therefore:
(i) represent a masterpiece of human creative genius;
(ii) exhibit an important interchange of human values, over a span of time or within a cultural
area of the world, on developments in architecture or technology, monumental arts, town-
planning or landscape design;
(iii) bear a unique or at least exceptional testimony to a cultural tradition or to a civilization
which is living or which has disappeared;
(iv) be an outstanding example of a type of building, architectural or technological ensemble
or landscape which illustrates (a) significant stage(s) in human history;
(v) be an outstanding example of a traditional human settlement, land-use, or sea-use which
is representative of a culture (or cultures), or human interaction with the environment
especially when it has become vulnerable under the impact of irreversible change;
(vi) be directly or tangibly associated with events or living traditions, with ideas, or with
beliefs, with artistic and literary works of outstanding universal significance;
(vii) contain superlative natural phenomena or areas of exceptional natural beauty and
aesthetic importance;
(viii) be outstanding examples representing major stages of earth's history, including the record
of life, significant on-going geological processes in the development of landforms, or
significant geomorphic or physiographic features;
(ix) be outstanding examples representing significant ongoing ecological and biological
processes in the evolution and development of terrestrial, fresh water, coastal and marine
ecosystems and communities of plants and animals;
(x) contain the most important and significant natural habitats for in-situ conservation of
biological diversity, including those containing threatened species of outstanding
universal value from the point of view of science or conservation
II.D Criteria for the assessment of Insignificant Universal Junk (IUJ)
§77 The committee considers a property as constituting Insignificant Universal Junk if the
property meets one or more of the following criteria. Nominated properties shall therefore:
(i) represent a lack of human creative genius;
(ii) exhibit a neglect of social values, over a span of time or within a cultural area of the
world, regarding developments in architecture or technology, monumental arts, town-
planning or landscape design;
(iii) bear a mundane or at least unremarkable testimony to a cultural tradition or to a
civilization which is living or which has disappeared;
(iv) be an average example of a type of building, architectural or technological ensemble or
landscape which illustrates (an) insignificant stage(s) in human history;
(v) be an example of an anti-social human settlement, transient, cynical land-use, or sea-use
which is representative of a culture (or cultures), or human interaction with the
environment and is an obstruction to irreversible change;
(vi) be directly or tangibly associated with events or non-traditions, with ideas, or with
beliefs, with artistic and literary works of Insignificant Universal Junk;
(vii) contain appalling synthetic phenomena or areas of overdeveloped saturation and aesthetic
insignificance;
(viii) be banal examples representing minor stages of earth's history, including the record of
life, significant on-going geological processes in the development of landforms, or
insignificant geomorphic or physiographic features;
(ix) be banal examples of insignificant transient ecological and biological processes in the
evolution and development of terrestrial, fresh water, coastal and marine ecosystems and
communities of plants and animals;
(x) contain the most insipid and insignificant examples of habitats lacking diversity,
including those containing over-protected types from the point of view of science or
conservation
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101005_Cronocaos_01.indd 22 10/15/2010 3:27:03 PM

OMA HISTROY

A wall with tear-off pages of OMA’s preservation projects

creates a do-it-yourself catalogue machine.

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 OMA HISTORY

RESEARCH

VESTIBULE

Exhibition plan

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media coverage

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“His main show is a fascinating, thought-provoking exhibition.”
Monocle 27.08.2010

“Con Koolhaas che, messi a punto gli ultimi ritocchi, si concede alla stampa. Di persona è più alto del previsto. Agile è la prima parola che
mi viene in mente guardandolo mentre racconta l’esposizione dribblando i pannelli fotografici sospesi come panni ad asciugare. Parla
piano con precisione e pacatezza, esprimendo un misto di autorevolezza e gentilezza. Per avere la sua attenzione non dobbiamo aspet-
tare troppo. L’argomento della conversazione è la mostra: due stanze a diversi livelli pensate con un’identità e una funzione precisa allestite
con una grande senso dell’ordine. La prima è un vestibolo popolato da arredi recuperati lavorando (mobili, oggetti e foto) in cui i visitatori
possono incontrarsi; la seconda è una riflessione espressa attraverso immagini organizzate secondo due direzioni indicate con frecce sul
pavimento: Side Effects e Black Hole. Il titolo, evocativo come tutte le parole coniate da Koolhaas, è Cronocaos.”
Leggi Anche, Corriere della Sera, 27.08.2010

“La más irreverente la lanza Rem Koolhaas que, en el año en el que le conceden el León de Oro, recuerda que la preservación, como la
modernidad, es una invención occidental, inventa el palabro cronocaos y termina preguntando si debe China salvar Venecia.”
El Pais, 27.08.2010

Ja, es gibt auf dieser Biennale berührende Sehnsuchtsorte, Schauplätze des Innehaltens, und dazu zählt auch der Beitrag von Rem Kool-
haas... Man muss kein Anhänger dieser Bilanz sein, kein Fan der Koolhaas-Karriere, um dessen Arbeit zur Bestandswahrung, zum Erhalt
von Bausubstanz ziemlich außergewöhnlich zu finden... Wie auch immer, was OMA dann jedoch in einem zweiten Kabinett im Zentralpa-
villon der Giardini vorführt, verdichtet sich zu einer zwingenden Inszenierung des Innehaltens.”
Christian Thomas, Frankfurter Rundschau, 28.08.2010

“Die (selbst)kritische Position zum heutigen Stand der Architektur und zu ihrer Ignoranz gegenüber vergangenen Dekaden beeindruckt;
allein die beiden Koolhaas-Säle lohnten die Reise nach Venedig.”
Hubertus Adam, Neue Zurircher Zeitung, 28.08.2010

“Bei so viel Verlustangst und Rückwärtsgewandtheit ist es einmal mehr der niederländische Weltbürger Rem Koolhaas, der genauer hin-
schaut. Sein Think Tank nimmt in einem äußerst bedenkenswerten Beitrag die exponentiell wachsende Menge des Unesco-Welterbes aufs
Korn und kalkuliert, welche Flächenanteile damit einer aufs Künftige ausgerichteten Planung und Bebauung entzogen werden.”
Bernard Schulz, Der Tagespiegel, 28.08.2010

“Vooral de expositie ‘Preservation’ in het hart van het hoofdgebouw in de Giardini wordt druk besproken. Het is een typische OMA-pre-
sentatie: aan de hand van in sterke beelden gevatte cijfers en statistieken wordt geanalyseerd wat de gevolgen zijn van de toenemende
drang tot behoud van historische architectuur en (stads-)landschappen. In prikkelende oneliners, zoals ‘Moet China Venetie redden’, wordt
gewezen op de veranderende verhoudingen in de wereld.”
Harmen Bokema, Volkskrant 30.08.2010

“Das antiyzyklische Denken, das hier gefordert ist, beherrscht natürlich niemand so gut wie Rem Koolhaas... Die große Installation seines
Büros OMA über den Komplex der “Bestandserhaltung” stellt viele kluge Fragen zu den Gründen, warum wir alte Dinge für schützenswert
und besonders halten und andere aggressiv zerstören. Dazu baute der Holländer, der auf dieser Biennale omnipräsent wie kein anderer
ist, mit den Möbeln, die der Nazi-Architekt Paul Ludwig Troost für das Münchener Haus der Kunst entworfen hatte und die nach 1945 im
Keller verschwinden mussten, einen rustikalen Salon. Und damit traf Koolhaas auch den heimlichen Geist dieser Biennale mal wieder am
instinktsichersten.”
Art magazine, 30.08.2010

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OMA*AMO
Rem Koolhaas
Ippolito Pestellini Laparelli
Andrew Lin
Amelia McPhee
Kayoko Ota
Simon Pennec
Stephan Petermann
Miriam Roure Parera
Lawrence Siu
James Westcott

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