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ORO - POST TASKS - Module 3 Lesson 1
ORO - POST TASKS - Module 3 Lesson 1
PAHAYO
DENT 3F MICROBIOLOGY LAB.
4.Sample problem:
Assuming that serial dilution was carried out in a laboratory experiment in 6
tubes with 9 ml of saline in each tube and 0.1ml of the stock solution was used
for initial dilution, pour plate method of inoculation was performed after the
dilution process using 1ml of the culture from the samples from the test
tubes. It was found out that on the 6th petridish after incubation, there was a
total of 16 individual colonies counted. Compute the total number of
microorganisms present in tube one, assuming that there was no human error
in the transferring process.
ANSWERS
Equation:
DF=Volume of stock/Final Volume
DF=0.1mL/(0.1ml+0.9mL)
DF=0.1mL/9.1mL
DF=0.01 or 1x10^-2
Formula:
Dilution Factor (DF)= Volume of Stock/Final Volume
Final Dilution= (Previous Dilution x Dilution of Next Tube)
Colony/Plaque Forming Units=(# of colonies / Amt. plated (mL) x Dilution =
CFU/mL)
Given:
Saline in each tube: 9mL
Amt. plated (mL): 1mL
Stock Dilution= 0.1 mL
Total Colonies Counted= 16
TFTC (Too few to count) because the counted colony (16) is less than 30
Colony/Plaque Forming Units= # of Colonies ÷ Amt. plated (mL) × Dilution =
CFU/mL
=16/1mL x 10 ^12= 1.6 x 10^13 CFU/mL
=1.6 x 10^13 CFU/mL
https://www.training.nih.gov/assets/Lab_Math_II_Transcript_-_508.pdf
https://www.bio.umass.edu/micro/immunology/elisa/serial.htm
http://biology.kenyon.edu/courses/biol09/tetrahymena/serialdilution2.htm /
ORO, CHARLOU J. “Module 3 post task / review question submission” SIR. PAHAYO
DENT 3F MICROBIOLOGY LAB.
LESSON 2
1. What are the stages of the bacterial growth curve? Discuss Briefly.
● Lag Phase: This initial phase is characterized by cellular activity but not
growth. The cells increase in size, but no cell division occurs in the phase.
● Exponential (Log) Phase: After the lag phase, bacterial cells enter the
exponential or log phase. This is the time when the cells are dividing by
binary fission and doubling in numbers after each generation time.
● Stationary Phase: Bacterial cell growth reaches a plateau, or stationary
phase, where the number of dividing cells equal the number of dying cells.
●Death Phase: As nutrients become less available and waste products
increase, the number of dying cells continues to rise. In the death phase, the
number of living cells decreases exponentially and population growth
experiences a sharp decline.
2. What are the factors influencing the decline of a bacterial culture?
- If a bacterial culture is left in the same media for too long, the cells use up the
available nutrients, excrete toxic metabolites, and eventually the entire
population will die. Thus bacterial cultures must be periodically transferred,
or subcultured, to new media to keep the bacterial population growing.
-At death phase (decline phase), bacteria die. This could be caused by lack of
nutrients, environmental temperature above or below the tolerance band for
the species, or other injurious conditions.
3. Would all microorganisms exhibit the same bacterial growth curve? Why?
- No. Since bacteria require certain conditions for growth, and these conditions
are not the same for all bacteria. Factors such as oxygen, pH, temperature,
and light influence microbial growth. Additional factors include osmotic
pressure, atmospheric pressure, and moisture availability. A bacterial
population's generation time, or time it takes for a population to double,
varies between species and depends on how well growth requirements are
met.
9. Aside from the factors discussed in the laboratory exercise, what other
factors do you think influence bacterial growth?
Aside from temperature, oxygen, pH, and moisture, the other factors
that influence bacterial growth are:
*Osmotic pressure
- Microbes obtain almost all their nutrients in solution from
surrounding water.
- Hence factors such as osmotic pressure and salt concentration
of the solution affect the growth of bacteria.
- Bacteria by virtue of mechanical strength of their cell wall are
able to withstand a wide range of external osmotic variations.
- Organisms requiring high osmotic pressures are called
osmophilic bacteria.
*Light
- Phototrophs (bacteria deriving energy from sunlight)
- Chemotrophs (bacteria deriving energy from chemical
sources).
* Carbon dioxide
- Carbon is the structural backbone of the organic compounds
that make up a living cell. Based on their source of carbon
bacteria can be classified as autotrophs or heterotrophs.
- Autotrophs: require only carbon dioxide as a carbon source. An
autotroph can synthesize organic molecules from inorganic
nutrients.
- Heterotrophs: require organic forms of carbon. A Heterotroph
cannot synthesize organic molecules from inorganic nutrients.
10. Is there an actual theoretical value for optimum growth temperature? Why
or why not? Justify your answer:
-Yes, an actual theoretical value for optimum growth temperature exists because
it has been researched by experts that they expect from that value that it
assumes perfect or near-perfect conditions. For example, it is proven that a
“Mesophile” is a microorganism that grows best in moderate temperature,
neither too hot nor too cold, commonly ranges between 20 and 45 °C (68 and
113 °F). Some bacteria grow best in cooler environments called “Psychrophiles”
that grow best in hot temperatures (50-80°C/122-176°F) and can be an estimation
of temperatures between 4°C and 25°C (39°F and 77°F). Some grnd in hot springs
and geothermal soils called “Thermophiles”. Others, prefer to be in extremely hot
temperatures (80°C-110°C/122-230°F) are called “hyperthermophiles”. So yes, All
bacteria have their own optimum environmental surroundings and temperatures
in which they thrive the most.
SOURCES:
• https://www.thoughtco.com/bacterial-growth-curve-phases-
4172692#:~:text=The%20bacterial%20growth%20curve%20represents,metabolically%20active%20but%2
0not%20dividing.
• https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Microbiology/Book%3A_Microbiology_(Bruslind)/09%3A_Microbia
l_Growth#Growth_Curve
• https://slideplayer.com/slide/7470122/
• https://milnepublishing.geneseo.edu/suny-microbiology-lab/chapter/bacteriological-culture-
methods/#:~:text=Growing%20Bacteria%20in%20Culture&text=If%20a%20bacterial%20culture%20is,the
%20entire%20population%20will%20die.
• https://microbenotes.com/bacterial-growth-and-factors-affecting-growth-of-bacteria/
• https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Microbiology/Book%3A_Microbiology_(Kaiser)/Unit_7%3A_
Microbial_Genetics_and_Microbial_Metabolism/17%3A_Bacterial_Growth_and_Energy_Production/1
7.2%3A_Factors_that_Influence_Bacterial_Growth
ORO, CHARLOU J. “Module 3 post task / review question submission” SIR. PAHAYO
DENT 3F MICROBIOLOGY LAB.
LESSON 3:
1. Give the biochemical principle, positive results and at least 1 organism
identified by the following tests: