The document discusses several common damage mechanisms in oil and gas infrastructure: hydrogen embrittlement and CO2 corrosion can cause steel to become brittle; wet H2S cracking occurs when atomic hydrogen from H2S corrosion enters and weakens steel, leading to issues like HIC, SOHIC, and SSC; HTHA affects equipment exposed to hydrogen at high temperatures; sulfidation corrosion impacts equipment above 260°C due to sulfur compounds in crude; CUI is caused by moisture buildup on insulated surfaces; and brittle fracture involves rapid cracking under stress with little plastic deformation.
Oxy-Acetylene Welding and Cutting: Electric, Forge and Thermit Welding together with related methods and materials used in metal working and the oxygen process for removal of carbon
Sexton's Pocket-Book for Boiler-Makers and Steam Users: Comprising a Variety of Useful Information for Employer and Workmen, Government Inspectors, Board of Trade Surveyors, Engineers in Charge of Works and Ships, Foreman of Manufactories, and the General Steam-Using Public
Tool-Steel - A Concise Handbook on Tool-Steel in General - Its Treatment in the Operations of Forging, Annealing, Hardening, Tempering and the Appliances Therefor
The document discusses several common damage mechanisms in oil and gas infrastructure: hydrogen embrittlement and CO2 corrosion can cause steel to become brittle; wet H2S cracking occurs when atomic hydrogen from H2S corrosion enters and weakens steel, leading to issues like HIC, SOHIC, and SSC; HTHA affects equipment exposed to hydrogen at high temperatures; sulfidation corrosion impacts equipment above 260°C due to sulfur compounds in crude; CUI is caused by moisture buildup on insulated surfaces; and brittle fracture involves rapid cracking under stress with little plastic deformation.
The document discusses several common damage mechanisms in oil and gas infrastructure: hydrogen embrittlement and CO2 corrosion can cause steel to become brittle; wet H2S cracking occurs when atomic hydrogen from H2S corrosion enters and weakens steel, leading to issues like HIC, SOHIC, and SSC; HTHA affects equipment exposed to hydrogen at high temperatures; sulfidation corrosion impacts equipment above 260°C due to sulfur compounds in crude; CUI is caused by moisture buildup on insulated surfaces; and brittle fracture involves rapid cracking under stress with little plastic deformation.
The document discusses several common damage mechanisms in oil and gas infrastructure: hydrogen embrittlement and CO2 corrosion can cause steel to become brittle; wet H2S cracking occurs when atomic hydrogen from H2S corrosion enters and weakens steel, leading to issues like HIC, SOHIC, and SSC; HTHA affects equipment exposed to hydrogen at high temperatures; sulfidation corrosion impacts equipment above 260°C due to sulfur compounds in crude; CUI is caused by moisture buildup on insulated surfaces; and brittle fracture involves rapid cracking under stress with little plastic deformation.
Atomic hydrogen infuses into certain higher strength steels and causes them to become brittle CO2 Corrosion - RT, UT Degradation that occurs when CO2 in condensate forms carbonic acid, which corrodes steels Wet H2S Cracking - WFMT, PAUT Atomic hydrogen from wet H2S corrosion rxn enters and weaken steel i. HIC - ii. SOHIC - iii. SSC - HTHA - WFMT, MT, AUBT (Earlier stages of HTHA) Mechanism that affect equipment that is exposed to H at elevated temperature (204 oC) Sulfidation Corrosion - RT Occurs at temp >260 oC due to sulfur compunds in crude CUI - UT Moisture build up on surface of insulated equipment Brittle Fracture - UT Rapid fracture under stress where material exhibits little/no evidence of ductility/plastic degradation before fracture occurs
Oxy-Acetylene Welding and Cutting: Electric, Forge and Thermit Welding together with related methods and materials used in metal working and the oxygen process for removal of carbon
Sexton's Pocket-Book for Boiler-Makers and Steam Users: Comprising a Variety of Useful Information for Employer and Workmen, Government Inspectors, Board of Trade Surveyors, Engineers in Charge of Works and Ships, Foreman of Manufactories, and the General Steam-Using Public
Tool-Steel - A Concise Handbook on Tool-Steel in General - Its Treatment in the Operations of Forging, Annealing, Hardening, Tempering and the Appliances Therefor