Financial comparison of collec

Excel based on information provided from tables p

How it is organized: - All data and formulas presented in A3.8.1 and A3.8.2 (Coffee
- Specific terms are explained in the spreadsheet entitled "Glo
- Information provided in "Cost evaluation" are divided into st

Step 1: Data collection

Data provided in the text of Annex 3 and summarize

Step 2: Amount of waste collected per working day

Calculation of the amount of waste collected per wo

Step 3: Trip time estimation

Evaluation of the time needed from waste collection
Calculation of the number of trips within one shift

Step 4: Number of truck estimation

Calculation of the number of required trucks, consid

Step 5: Cost estimation

Cost estimation of :
1) Wages 2) Energy 3) Depreciaction and mainten

Summary of annual costs

Total cost
Cost expressed in cost per ton of collected waste

How to use it: Read the Annex 3.8 from Coffey and Coad (2010) to understan
Explanation of the steps and formulas used can be found in th

* Collection of MSW in DC.UN HABITAT.2010

 parison of collection and transport systems
tion provided from tables presented in Annex 3.8 from UN HABITAT (2010)*

d in A3.8.1 and A3.8.2 (Coffee and Coad, 2010) are gathered in the spreadsheet entitled "Cost evaluation".
the spreadsheet entitled "Glossary".
evaluation" are divided into steps with different color codes:

ext of Annex 3 and summarized in A3.8.1

ected per working day

ount of waste collected per working day

needed from waste collection until disposal

mber of trips within one shift

mber of required trucks, considering the non-working time for maintenance and repair

3) Depreciaction and maintenance

per ton of collected waste

and Coad (2010) to understand the scenario and data used.

mulas used can be found in the MOOC module Financial comparison of collection and transport sytems
Step 1: Data Item Unit price Comments
collection
d 80 litre wheeled bin 216 Unit price for orders of over 20'0
d compactor truck 209,250
d micro-truck 81,000
d 30 m3 container 13,500 Fabricated locally from mild stee
d container truck 243,000 6 x 4 with hydraulice tipping fram
d transfer station 432,000 excluding land
General information # Unit
d Population served 750,000 people
d Household size 4.9 people per household
d Waste generation rate 0.3 kg/cap/day
d Bin emptying frequency 2 times a week
Longest interval between collections 4 days, after weekend
d Working days 6 days per week
Working days per year 312 days per year
d Working hours per shift 8 hours
d Waste density in open trucks 400 kg/m3
d Employment cost for drivers 9,450 $ per year
d Employment cost for labourers 6,885 $ per year
d Fuel price 2.57 $ per litre
d Distance in urban area (compactors) 5 km
d Speed in urban area (large trucks) 15 km/h
d Speed in urban area (small trucks) 20 km/h
d Speed in urban area at night 28 km/h
d Distance outside urban area 24 km
d Daytime speed outside city 35 km/h
d Night-time speed outside city 55 km/h
d Estimated maintenance cost as % 7.50% % capital cost/year
Depreciation periods
d Compactor trucks 5 years
d Micro-trucks 7 years
d Container transport trucks 7 years
d Wheeled bins 4 years
d Transfer containers 5 years
d Transfer station 20 years

Step 2: Amount
of waste
collected per Calculations
working day Number of households served 153,061
Total weight generated in one day 225,000 kg/day
or 225 tons/day
Weight generated by one household
after longest interval (4 days) 5.88 kg
 A. Compactor trucks
Wheeled bins quantity units
d Households sharing a bin 4
Weight of waste in bin when collected 23.52 kg
Maximum volume of waste in bin 58.8 litres
therefore 80 litre bins are big enough
Number of bins required 38,265
d Cost of one bin 216 $
Total cost of bins 8,265,306 $

Average weight collected per week 1,575,000 kg

Weight collected per working day 262,500 kg
or 262.5 tons

Step 3: Tip time Trip time – Compactor and micro-truck

estimation
d Time for loading in one trip 90 minutes d
Travel time in urban area (2 ways) 40 minutes d
Travel time outside urban area (2 ways) 82 minutes
d Time unloading on landfill 10 minutes d
Therefore total time for one trip 222 minutes
d Time utilisation allowance 95% d
Number of trips per shift 2
Step 4: # Truck d Maximum load truck can carry 6 tons d
needed
estimation or
Therefore number of trucks 22
d Standby allowance for trucks 25% d
Number of trucks needed 28
Step 5: Cost d Cost of one truck 209,250 $ d
estimation
(Maintenance) Total purchase cost of trucks 5,859,000 $
s Maintenance cost of trucks 439,425 s

Step 3: Tip time Trip time – Container transport truck

estimation
Time for loading in one trip d
Travel time in urban area (2 ways)
Travel time outside urban area (2 ways)
Time unloading (on landfill or at STS) d
Therefore total time for one trip
Time utilisation allowance d
Number of trips per shift
Step 4: Truck Maximum load truck can carry d
needed
estimation Therefore number of trucks in daily use
Standby allowance for trucks
Total number of trucks needed d
Step 5: Cost Cost of one truck d
estimation
(Maintenance) Total purchase cost of trucks
Step 5: Cost
estimation
(Maintenance)
Maintenance cost of trucks s

Small transfer station and containers

Number of transfer stations d
Cost of one transfer station d
Cost of one container d
Number of containers in one STS d
Storage provided by containers
Total cost of containers

Step 5: Cost
estimation A. Compactor trucks B. Small transfer
5.1 Wage costs
Number of drivers 22
d Number of loaders on each collection truck 4 d
Number of assistants on each transport truck d
Number of loaders 88
Attendants at each transfer station (paid as labourers) d
Total transfer station attendants
s Wage costs 813,780 $/year s

5.2 Energy
d Daily consumption of one collection truck 100 litres/day d
d Daily consumption of one container truck d
s Cost of fuel for all trucks 1,764,048 $/year
Electricity consumption at one transfer station d
Annual energy costs s

5.3 Depreciation
Transfer station depreciation s
s Compactor trucks 1,171,800 $/year
s Wheeled bins 2,066,327 $/year
Micro-trucks s
Container transporters s
STS containers s

Summary of annual costs

Depreciation of bins and containers 2,066,327 $/year
Depreciation of vehicles 1,171,800 $/year
Depreciation of transfer stations
Maintenance of vehicles 439,425 $/year
Wage costs 813,780 $/year
Fuel costs 1,764,048 $/year
Total costs 6,255,380 $/year

Total waste generated per year 82,125 tons/year

 Unit cost of waste collection 76 $/ton

Notes
$ Undefined unity of currency
d Provided data
s Calculated results
ce for orders of over 20'000 units

ted locally from mild steel

th hydraulice tipping frame

per household

fter weekend

or 0.4 kg/litre

al cost/year
B. Small transfer station
quantity units

1,575,000 kg
262500 kg
262.5 tons

28 minutes
12 minutes

4 minutes
44 minutes
75%
8
2 m3
800 kg
41
20%
50
81,000 $
4,050,000 $
303,750 $/year

8 minutes
21 minutes
52 minutes
10 minutes
92 minutes
95%
5
14 tons
4
20%
5
243,000 $
1,215,000 $
 91,125 $/year

4
432,000 $
13,500 $
7
392 tons
378,000 $

B. Small transfer station

45
1
1
45
2
8
790,155 $/year

20 litres/day
100 litres/day
978,245 $/year
27,000 $/year
1,086,245 $/year

86,400 $/year

578,571 $/year
173,571 $/year
75,600 $/year

75,600 $/year
752,143 $/year
86,400 $/year
394,875 $/year
790,155 $/year
1,086,245 $/year
3,185,418 $/year

82,125 tons/year
39 $/ton
Hints on Calculation and comments

[7 days / bin emptying frequency]

[ 52 weeks x working days per week]

Cost considering additional charges

Hints on Calculation
[population served / household size]
[# total people x waste generation rate]

[longest interval x household size x waste generation rate]

[ # householdsharing bin x weight generated by household after longest interval]
[weight /waste density]

[(Total waste generated in 1 day x Longest interval)/weight waste bin]

[(longest interval x household size x waste generation rate)/weight of waste bin]

[total waste generated in 1 day x 7 days]

[total waste generated per week / working days per week]

[2 x (travel distance x speed)x 60min/hour ]

[2 x (travel distance x speed)x 60min/hour ]

[time for loading + time for collecting + time for transport + time for unloading]

[working hour x 60 x time utilisation allowance / time for 1 trip]

[ # of waste collected per day /(2 x max load can carry)]

[# of truck x standby allowance]

[capital cost x % for maintenance]

[2x(travel distance x speed)x 60min/hour ]

[2x(travel distance x speed)x 60min/hour ]

[time for loading + time for collecting + time for transport + time for unloading]

[(working hours per shift x time utilisation allowance)/(total time for one trip/ 60)]

[weight collected per working day / (# trips per shift x max load truck can carry)]

[# truck daily use x (1+ standby allowance)]

[# trucks needed x cost of truck]

[capital cost x % for maintenance]

[# transfer station x # containers per transfer station x weight per container (=14 ton)]
[# transfer station x # containers per transfer station x cost of container]

[1x total number of vehicle needed]

[Sum(# loader per truck x # vehicle needed)]

[# transfer station x # attendants]

[Sum(# truck x daily fuel consumption per truck) x working days x fuel price]

[(cost transfer station x # transfer station)/ depreciation period]

[total cost of trucks / depreciation period]
[(cost of wheeled bins x # wheel bins) / depreciation period]
[(cost of micro-truck x # micro-trucks) / depreciation period]
[(cost of transporter x # transporters) / depreciation period]
[(cost of containers # containers per transfer station x # transfer station) / depreciation period]
Glossary

Time utilisation allowance

Trip time
Shift
Standby allowance for trucks
Time of effective working time (without considering breaks, …)
Time needed from collecting the waste to disposing it somewhere else
Working session done by the same group of people
Time considered for maintenance and repair