Chapter 4

Properties – Air
Carl L. Yaws

The results are given in Table 4. The initial entries in the table are phys- A comparison of calculated and data values is shown in
ical and critical properties. This includes molecular weight, freezing Figures 4-1–4-12 for representative properties. The graphs disclose
point, boiling point, density, refractive index, and acentric factor for favorable agreement of equation and data.
the physical properties. Critical temperature, pressure, volume, density,
and compressibility factor are provided for the critical properties.
EXAMPLE
Subsequent entries in the table provide coverage for properties
which vary with temperature. This includes vapor pressure, density In an engineering analysis, the liquid viscosity of air at 80 K is re-
of liquid, enthalpy of vaporization, surface tension, heat capacity, quired. Calculate the liquid viscosity at this temperature.
viscosity, and thermal conductivity. For the subsequent entries, re- Substitution of the coefficients from the table and temperature
gression coefficients (A, B, C, ……) are given for the temperature into the equation for liquid viscosity yields:
dependency. The range of application is denoted by minimum and
maximum temperatures (TMIN and TMAX) in the adjacent columns. log10 n liq = A + B/T + C T + D T 2
Temperatures outside the range of application should not be used.
The next column provides the code for the tabulation which is based = −3.1963+1.0982E + 03/80+1.9485E-02 × 80 − 8.0902E-05 × 80 2
on both experimental data and estimated values. The last several = − 0.7825
columns provide representative values for the property. For gas, the
n liq =10 −0.7825 = 0.165centipoise
table applies to gas at low pressure. For liquid, the table primarily
applies to liquid at saturation.
The format for the tabulation is constructed for rapid usage. For
each property, the equation showing the temperature dependency is
given on the row for the property. The regression coefficients for use
in the equation are provided in the adjacent rows. These displayed
regression coefficients in the adjacent rows can be used for quick
calculation of the property value at the temperature of interest.
In the data collection, a literature search was conducted to iden-
tify data source publications for chemical compounds. Both experi-
mental values for the property under consideration and parameter
values for estimation of the property are included in the source pub-
lications. The publications were screened and copies of appropriate
data were made. These data were then keyed into the computer to
provide a database of physical properties for compounds for which
experimental data are available. The database also served as a basis
to check the accuracy of the estimation methods.
Upon completion of data collection, estimation of the proper-
ties for the remaining compounds was performed. The estimates are
based on literature methods and proprietary procedures developed
by the author. FIGURE 4-1  Saturation Pressure of Liquid Air

The Yaws Handbook of Physical Properties for Hydrocarbons and Chemicals. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-800834-8.00004-9
Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 815
 FIGURE 4-5  Surface Tension of Air
FIGURE 4-2  Saturation Pressure of Gaseous Air

FIGURE 4-3  Density of Air

FIGURE 4-6  Heat Capacity of Gas for Air

FIGURE 4-7  Heat Capacity of Liquid for Air

FIGURE 4-4  Enthalpy of Vaporization of Air

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FIGURE 4-11  Thermal Conductivity of Gas for Air

FIGURE 4-8  Heat Capacity of Solid for Air

FIGURE 4-9  Viscosity of Gas for Air FIGURE 4-12  Thermal Conductivity of Liquid for Air

FIGURE 4-10  Viscosity of Liquid for Air

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 Table 4 Properties of Air

1. Physical Properties
ID NAME CAS No MW, g/mol Tfreeze, K code Tboil, K code T, C den@T, g/cm3 ref index @T acentric factor state
0 air 132259-10-0 28.951 59.15 1 78.67 1 25 gas 1.0010 0.00 colorless gas

2. Critical Properties
NO NAME CAS No TC, K code PC, bar code VC, ml/mol code rhoC, g/ml code ZC code
0 air 132259-10-0 132.45 1 37.74 1 91.47 1 0.3165 1 0.313 1

3a. Saturation Pressure for Liquid Air log10P = A - B/(T + C) (P - mm Hg, T - C)

NO NAME CAS No A B C TMIN, C TMAX, C code P@TMIN P@-200 C P@-190 C P@TMAX
0 air 132259-10-0 6.63892 281.3595 269.35 -209.15 -140.70 1,2 92.25 381.65 1238.79 28305.00

3b. Saturation Pressure for Gaseous Air log10P = A - B/(T + C) (P - mm Hg, T - C)

NO NAME CAS No A B C TMIN, C TMAX, C code P@TMIN P@-200 C P@-190 C P@TMAX
0 air 132259-10-0 6.91461 320.8954 271.00 -209.15 -140.70 1,2 53.25 248.29 897.29 28305.00

4. Density of Liquid density = A B - (1 - T/C)^D (density - g/ml, T - K)

NO NAME CAS No A B C D TMIN TMAX code den @TMIN den @80 K den @ TMAX
0 air 132259-10-0 0.3165 0.2680 132.45 0.28571 59.15 132.45 1,2 0.962 0.869 0.317

5. Enthalpy of Vaporization HVAP = A (1 - T/B)C (HVAP - kjoule/mol, T - K)

NO NAME CAS No A B C TMIN TMAX code HVAP@TMIN HVAP@80 K HVAP@100 K HVAP@TMAX
0 air 132259-10-0 7.9700 132.45 0.3400 59.15 132.45 1,2 6.518 5.817 4.941 0.000

6. Surface Tension (sigma - dynes/cm, T - K) sigma = A (1 - T/B)C

NO NAME CAS No A B C TMIN TMAX code sigma@TMIN HVAP@80 K HVAP@100 K sigma@TMAX
0 air 132259-10-0 28.800 132.45 1.2222 59.15 132.45 1,2 13.975 9.283 5.162 0.000

7. Heat Capacity of Gas CP = A + B T + C T2 + D T3 (CP - joule/(mol K), T - K)

NO NAME CAS No A B C D TMIN TMAX code Cp@TMIN Cp@25 C Cp@TMAX
0 air 132259-10-0 29.643 -5.1373E-03 1.3106E-05 -4.8325E-09 150 1500 1,2 29.151 29.148 35.115

8. Heat Capacity of Liquid CP = A + B T + C T2 + D T3 (CP - joule/(mol K), T - K)

NO NAME CAS No A B C D TMIN TMAX code Cp@TMIN Cp@100 K Cp@TMAX
0 air 132259-10-0 -617.738 2.2399E+01 -2.4905E-01 9.2633E-04 78.9 125.0 1,2 54.138 58.000 99.992

9. Heat Capacity of Solid CP = A + B T + C T2 + D T3 (CP - joule/(mol K), T - K)

NO NAME CAS No A B C D TMIN TMAX code Cp@TMIN Cp@3.5 K Cp@TMAX
0 air 132259-10-0 -0.0180 8.0076E-01 -2.3200E-01 2.0952E-02 3.0 4.0 1,2 0.862 0.841 0.814

10. Viscosity of Gas ngas = A + B T + C T2 + D T3 (ngas - micropoise, T - K)

NO NAME CAS No A B C D TMIN TMAX code ngas@TMIN ngas@25 C ngas@TMAX
0 air 132259-10-0 4.5608 7.0077E-01 -3.7287E-04 9.0437E-08 100 1500 1,2 71.00 182.75 522.00

11. Viscosity of Liquid log10 nliq = A + B/T + C T + D T2 (nliq - centipoise, T - K)

NO NAME CAS No A B C D TMIN TMAX code nliq@TMIN nliq@80 K nliq@TMAX
0 air 132259-10-0 -3.1963 1.0982E+02 1.9485E-02 -8.0902E-05 60.00 120.00 1,2 0.325 0.165 0.078

12. Thermal Conductivity of Gas kgas = A + B T + C T2 + D T3 (kgas - W/(m K), T - K)

NO NAME CAS No A B C D TMIN TMAX code kgas@TMIN kgas@25 C kgas@TMAX
0 air 132259-10-0 -3.8603E-04 1.0311E-04 -5.4199E-08 1.7429E-11 100 1500 1,2 0.0094 0.0260 0.0911

13. Thermal Conductivity of Liquid kliq = A + B T + C T2 (kliq - W/(m K), T - K)

NO NAME CAS No A B C TMIN TMAX code kliq@TMIN kliq@80 K kliq@100 K kliq@TMAX
0 air 132259-10-0 0.278 -1.5877E-03 -7.9383E-07 64 125 1,2 0.1730 0.1458 0.1112 0.0670

code: 1 - data, 2 - estimate

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