Introduction


 Modern technology transformed the basic phones
into smartphones
 Provide features like listening music, sending emails,
watching movies, playing games, and face-to-face
video calls.
 The operating system is responsible for determining
the functions and features available on phone
devices, such as keyboards, synchronization with
applications, email, text messaging and more.
 The operating system is software on a mobile phone
that manages the way different programs use its
hardware.
Types of Mobile Operating System
and Their Manufacturers

The operating system on a mobile phone is
the very basic software which allows your
phone to operate.
The operating system provides all of the
basic functionality of the phone.
 The following sub-sections review four of the most
popular mobile operating systems.
 Apples’ iOS

 iOS was introduced in 29th June 2007 when the first iPhone
was developed.
 Developed by Apple and distributed exclusively for Apple
hardware.
 Operating system that powers iPhone, iPad, iPod Touch, and
Apple TV.
 Apple has still not allowed any other manufacturer to lay
hands on its operating system.
 iOS is made up of four abstraction layers: Core OS, Core
Services, Media, and Cocoa Touch.
 Apple has more concentrated on the performance along with
appearance, the basic appearance of iOS is almost the same as
it was in 2007.
 BlackBerry OS

 BlackBerry OS is developed by Research in Motion (RIM) for
their BlackBerry smart phones and tablet devices.
 BlackBerry OS 1.0 debuted in January 1999.
 One of the main strengths of BlackBerry devices is their ability to
handle corporate email.
 Supports the Java Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP) and
the Wireless Application Profile (WAP).
 Supported applications written in C++.
 Like Apple, Blackberry OS is a close source OS and is not
available for any other manufacturer.
 Some of the smartphones operating on Blackberry OS are
Blackberry Bold, Blackberry Curve, Blackberry Torch and
Blackberry 8520.
Microsoft’s Windows Phone

 Smartphone operating system developed by
Microsoft.
 First released in 2010.
 Various hardware manufacturers including HTC,
Samsung, LG, and Nokia are developing Windows
Phone devices.
 Unique GUI- called as tiles-based user interface.
 Provides the best support to view, edit and create office
documents
 Microsoft’s Windows Phone

 Many mobile phone manufacturers are now beginning
to ship smartphones with Windows Phone .
- Nokia’s Lumia range.
- Samsung Omnia 7.
- LG Optimus 7 .
- HTC Titan.
 Android OS

 Developed by the Open Handset Alliance, which is
led by Google.
 Google unveiled the Android distribution in
November 2007.
 Most of the Android core is released under the open
source Apache License.
 Large amount of software on Android devices (such
as such as Play Store, Google Search, Google Play
Services, Google Music) are proprietary and licensed.
 Android OS

 2011, Android has the largest installed base of any
mobile OS.
 2013, its devices also sell more than Windows, iOS
and Mac OS devices combined.
 July 2013 the Google Play store has had over 1
million Android apps published, and over 50 billion
apps downloaded.
 2013 found that 71% of mobile developers develop
for Android.
 Android OS

 Android uses a Linux kernel with higher-level APIs
written in C and applications are normally
programmed in Java and run with the Dalvik virtual
machine (DVM).
 Secure features
- efficient shared memory management.
- preemptive multitasking.
- Unix user identifiers (UIDs).
- file permissions with the type safe concept of Java.
 Android OS

 The Android platform contains the following layers:
• Linux Kernel.
• Android Runtime.
• Libraries.
• Application Framework.
.
Mobile Application Development –
Important Factors to Consider

Multiple Platforms and Devices.
 Four main platforms (Android, iOS,
Windows and BlackBerry).
 Requires more factors to consider when
building mobile applications.
1. Which device platform to build first
2. What mobile technology option to choose.
3. What capabilities should the mobile phone
support.
Mobile Application Development –
Important Factors to Consider

Integration with Phone Functions
 Direct calling and text messaging
 Lets users select a phone number from a list
then call or text that number without having to
type it.
 Capabilities such as GPS can be integrated into
location-based services like mobile search.
 Many mobile devices can automatically detect
user presence and provide them with local
search results.
Mobile Application Development –
Important Factors to Consider
User Interaction

 Instead of a mouse and keyboard, there is a
quite different mode for user input.
 Touch, even a single touch can involve a
variety of interactions, including single-tap,
double-tap, long touch, move and fling.
 Provide options for selecting instead of
asking for specifics through data entry.
Mobile Application Development –
Important Factors to Consider
Screen Size

 Applications designed for a desktop or
laptop client work with a screen size that far
exceeds that of mobile devices.
 For mobile you need to concentrate on the
immediate function, reducing the number of
options to only those needed for the
immediate task or feature.
Mobile Application Development –
Important Factors to Consider

Battery Usage and Processor
 The battery is one of the most essential
components of mobile devices and the rate of
consumption is mostly dependent on
performance.
 High-performance processors will most
certainly consume a higher amount of
energy. Therefore, draining the battery
within a shorter time span.
Mobile Application Development –
Important Factors to Consider
Screen Density

 Devices available from different manufacturers vary
from 120 dpi for the lower-end HTC Tattoo /
Wildfire and 240 dpi for the higher end Droid series
 Using hardcoded values for pixels and a single set of
images will make your user interface will be up-
scaled and fuzzy, or the controls will be too small to
allow comfortable targeting with a finger.
 Bundle multiple resolution images and use display
metrics to scale your custom drawing code.
 Mobile Application Development –
Important Factors to Consider
Limited Memory

 Developers need to write algorithms and perform code
optimization to support the mobile device capabilities.

Internet Bandwidth
 Based on how good or bad the internet connection is,
application behavior will be different for different
users.
 Users might think that the application is
malfunctioning. Also, it adds to create a negative
impression in the user's mind.
 Using the loading indicators and animations to give
them an assurance that the mobile application is still
working, but it's just waiting for the phone network.
Mobile Application Development –
Important Factors to Consider
Scalability Issues

 Developers need to incorporate a design that
will support a scalable system to handle the load
of many users.
Price Your Mobile Application Correctly
 Pricing is one of the most challenging
yet crucial tasks which should not be
ignored.
 Mobile Application Development –
Important Factors to Consider

Mobile Applications Updates
 Users will expect new features and upgrades. If
you don’t want your application to be left
behind, it is worthwhile to invest in upgrading
your application and also in additional testing
for each upgrade.
 You also need to ensure that the updates you
release work well in different OS versions.
 While ensuring the releases happen in time, you
also have to make sure that they are easy to
upgrade or install.
 Mobile Application Development –
Important Factors to Consider

Security Challenges
A security testing can help uncover
vulnerabilities of data leakage during the
transmission and working of the application.
 The application must meet the authorization
policies and other security standards set.
 Include certificate testing in your strategy to
meet the mandatory certificates set for
compliance for devices and applications.
 Mobile Application Development –
Important Factors to Consider

Test Your Application Before It Hits the Market
 It is important to test your mobile application
before you launch it in the market.
 You should have an experience in prior to how
the users will see your application.
 Your application should be creative, easy to
understand and deliver high performance.
