TEACHING & LEARNING

SPECIFIC ACTIVITY
TIME CONTENT A.V AIDS EVALUATION
OBJECTIVE
TEACHER LEARNER

1 min INTRODUCTION
As a nurse while providing care to a patient we have to
follow the steps of assessment, objective, nursing
diagnosis, planning, implementation,and evaluation. For
writing assessment we have to collect objective and
subjective datas. So for this physical examination is to
be performed.

1 min Define the term, DEFINITION The teacher Students will White board Define the term,
physical Physical assessment includes head to toe examination will explain listen carefully. physical
assessment of child involving inspection, palpation, percussion and the examination?
auscultation definition
on the
blackboard.

2 min List the general GENERAL PRINCIPLES:

principles of  Establish the order of all data collection according The teacher Students will List the general
physical to the needs of the patient. will list the respond well. White Board principles of
assessment  If the parent has come in with more than one child, general physical
try to organize some supervision of other children principles. assessment.
so that you can have a little time with the parents
alone.
 Remember that the safest place for a young child is
on the parent`s knee.
 Attempt to develop rapport with the young patient
from the movement you first see or meet him/her.
 Explain to the school aged child or teenage what
you are looking for as you proceed with your
examination.
  Examine painful area last-get general impression of
overall attitude
 Be honest. If something is going to hurt, tell them
that in a calm fashion. Doesn’t lie or you lose
credibility!

EQUIPMENTS FOR GENERAL PHYSICAL

1 min Enlist the ASSESSMENT: Teacher Students Enist the
equipments * Measurement ruler to obtain length or height. listed the contributed their Articles equipments
required for * Weighing Scale to obtain weight. equipments points required for
physical * Measuring tape to obtain head, chest and required for physical
assessment. abdominal circumference. physical assessment.
* Thermometer to obtain a child`s temperature. assessment.
* Watch to count pulse and respiration.
* Stethoscope and sphygmomanometer to check
the blood pressure.

VISUAL INSPECTION OF THE CHILD

2 min Demonstration
The general physical description of a child`s health
of general
status is based on:
physical
examination of  Facial activity or expression: indicates possible
child. pain, fear, happiness, dyspnoea or illness.
 Posture: Hearing or vision loss may cause the Teacher will Students will
child to tilt the head. demonstrate carefully watch Demonstrate the
 Activity level: indicates the degree of the general the Demonstratio measurement of
fatigability. physical demonstration. n head
 Personal Hygiene: includes the degree of examination circumference?
cleanliness of the child`s body and clothing and of child.
may indicate the level of care the child
receives. .
 Type of clothing: may indicate the financial
status of the family or the degree of interest
parents have in the child.
MEASUREMENTS

Length or height:
Until the child can stand steadily, generally before the
age of 5 years, the height is taken as length while the
child is lying on a firm table. The length is obtained by
placing the feet flat against a fixed upright surface at the
zero mark of the rule and measuring from that point to
the vertex, against which a flat movable surface is
placed. The child`s body is fully extended by flattening
the knees and maintaining the head in a midline
position. Assistance may be needed to obtain an
accurate measurement.
When the child can stand straight and tall and can hold
the head so that the line of vision parallels the floor
surface, a standing height can be measured. The child
stands in bare feet against a wall on which there is a
ruler; the child`s occiput, upper back, buttocks, and
heels touch the wall. The older child may stand on a
scale.

Weight:
The infant is weighed on an infant scale, the older child
on an upright platform scale. The scale is balanced
before the weight is read. Te scale is protected by a
clean sheet of impervious paper for each child. The
room must be warm, because infants are weighed
undressed and other children usually wear only
underpants.
Head, Chest and Abdominal Circumference:
Head Circumference-
It is measured until the child is 3years of old. The
maximal circumference of the head`s measured by
placing a measuring tape anteriorly over the
supraorbital ridges and posteriorly over the occipital
protuberance.
Chest Circumference-
At midrespiration, the circumference of the chest is
measured at the level of the nipple line. The measuring
tape is placed at right angles to the vertebral column.
Abdominal Circumference-
The measurement is made on a recumbent infant at the
level of umbilicus, with the measuring tape at right
angles to the vertebral column.

SUMMARY:
I would like to conclude my topic by asking some
questions.
1. Define the term, physical examination?
2. List the principles of physical examination?
3. What are the articles required for performing
general physical examination?
CONCLUSION:
So whatever we learned today everyone should practice
during clinical posting according to the general
principles.

RECAPITULATION
Encouraged the students to clarify their doubts
regarding this topic.

ASSIGNMENT
Write an assignment on general principles of physical
examination in adults.

Date of submission:
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
STUDENTS
1. Dorothy R. Marlow, Barbara A Redding,
Textbook of Paediatric Nursing, 6th edition, pg
no. 84-88
2. Ghai OP, “ Essential Text book of Paediatrics”,
Jaypee brothers, 45-89
TEACHERS
1. Jacob Annamma.[2007] “Clinical Nursing
Procedures: The Art of Nursing Practice”, 1st
edition, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers
Ltd, New Delhi, page no.265-268
2. Dorothy R. Marlow, Barbara A Redding,
Textbook of Paediatric Nursing, 6th edition, pg
no. 722-888
3. Ghai OP, “ Essential Text book of Paediatrics”,
Jaypee brothers, 45-89