2020 년도 한국멀티미디어학회 춘계학술발표대회 논문집 제 23 권 1 호

평행 딥 컨벌루션 뉴럴 네트워크를 이용한 X-Ray 이미지 기반

Covid-19 의 분류
*라피울 하산 칸, **문광석, ***이석환, , ****권오준, *권기룡
*부경대학교 인공지능융합학과, **전자공학과
***동아대학교 컴퓨터공학과, ****동의대학교 컴퓨터소프트웨어공학과

e-mail : raifulcse92@gmail.com, ksmoon@pknu.ac.kr, skylee@dau.ac.kr, krkwon@pknu.ac.kr

Classification of Covid-19 based on X-Ray Images by using

Parallel Deep Convolutional Neural Network

*Rafiul Hasan Khan, **Kwang-Seok Moon, ***Suk-Hwan Lee, ****Oh-Jun Kwon, *Ki-Ryong Kwon

*Dept. of Artificial Intelligence Convergence, Pukyong National University

**Dept. of Electronics Engineering, Pukyong National University
***Dept. of Computer Engineering, Donga University
****Dept. of Computer Software Engineering, Dongeui University

ABSTRACT
As the new pandemic Covid-19 is rattling the world, it is possible to use deep learning to diagnose patients by using only
X-Ray images. In this research, we are proposing a novel method of fully connected parallel Deep Convolutional Neural
Network (DCNN), which extracts and analyzes image features on a large scale. For this research, we have built our dataset
that contains 1347 healthy human chest X-Ray images and 303 Covid-19 positive patients chest X-Ray images. The
significance of our network is that it has four sets of convolutional functions that work laterally with each other. We used a
relatively small amount of batch size and a large number of iterations to mitigate overfitting during the training session. We
have also used image augmentation to vary the shapes of the training images for the better learning process. The results
demonstrate that, with an accuracy rate of 97.0%, the proposed DCNN successfully distinguishes Covid-19 patients from
the healthy persons while causing less computing costs.

1. Introduction deep transfer learning technique and reported the validation

In December 2019, a new pathogenic HCoV, 2019 novel
coronavirus (2019-nCoV), was recognized in Wuhan, China,
and has caused serious illness and deaths all over the world
and still in progress [1]. The ultimate effect of this outbreak
seems devastating at present as the situation is rapidly
evolving. Covid-19 can be referred as a form of pneumonia
that directly affects human lungs and produces distinctive
hazy patches on the outer edges of the lungs. Therefore, a
simple X-Ray is enough to detect a patient is Covid-19
positive or not. For the underdeveloped and developing
countries, medical radiography machines are more accessible
and efficient than relying on Covid-19 diagnosis kits. Hence,
a deep learning based Covid-19 diagnosis system that uses X-
Ray images is more suitable for them.
2. Related Works
Recently, several groups have described deep‐learning
based COVID‐19 pneumonia detection techniques [2-4].
Shuai et al. [3] used deep learning techniques on CT images
to screen COVID‐19 patients with an accuracy, specificity
and sensitivity of 89.5%, 88% and 87% respectively. Linda et
al. [2] presented a DCNN, called COVID‐Net for the
detection of COVID‐19 cases from the chest X‐ray images
with an accuracy of 83.5%. Ayrton [4] used a small dataset of
339 images for training and testing using ResNet50 based
accuracy of 96.2%. In this study, we have developed a
parallel DCNN classifies normal and COVID‐19 pneumonia
images with an accuracy rate of 97%.
3. The Proposed Method
Our proposed DCNN begins with an Input Layer with a
dimension of 1024×1024. Right after the Input Layer, our
DCNN follows two sets of the feature extracting layers
working parallelly with each other. Both of them contains a
set of Convolution Layer, Batch Normalization Layer, ReLU
Layer, Max Pooling Layer and a set of Convolution Layer,
Batch Normalization Layer, ELU Layer, and Max Pooling
Layer.
In parallel DCNN, the layers are designed with different
hyper-parameters that produces a variety of weights. Because
of it, the parallel DCNN can learn a variety of features at the
same time. Therefore, it is more efficient and accurate due to
its structural configuration. The term ‘parallel’ comes from its
structure. It is apparent that in Fig. 1, both sides share the
same input. They execute the feature extraction in a similar
manner and in the end, they are combined by an Addition
layer. This operation resembles parallelism thus we have
labeled our proposed DCNN as parallel DCNN.

1
 2020 년도 한국멀티미디어학회 춘계학술발표대회 논문집 제 23 권 1 호

Table 1. Simulation results.

Confusion Matrix
Target Class
Normal Covid-19 Total

258 1

Output Class
Normal
48% 1%

11 60
Covid-19
2% 49%

96% 98% 97%

Total
4% 2% 3%

This whole operation was done in a system which has Intel

Core i7CPU 3.40 GHz, 8 GB RAM and a single NVIDIA
GeForce GTX 1060 3GB GPU.

5. Conclusion
In this paper, we have used deep learning to dignose a
Covid-19 cheast X-Ray image from a healthy cheast X-Ray
image with an accuracy that outruns its coubterparts. In
future, we are planning to extend our work by adding cheast
X-Ray images of SARS and MARS patients. Thus we will
Fig 1. The proposed DCNN structure.
extend our horizon and extablish a more successful deep
learning method of patient diagnosis.
4. Experimental Results
We experimented with a dataset that contains 1347 healthy Acknowledgment
human chest X-Ray images and 303 Covid-19 positive “This research was supported by Basic Science Research
patients chest X-Ray images. Fig. 2 shows few example Program through the National Research Foundation of
images from the dataset. Korea(NRF) funded by the Ministry of
Education(2020R1I1A306659411)”

Reference

[1] CI. Paules, HD. Marston, and AS.Fauci, “Coronavirus

Infections—More Than Just the Common Cold,” The
Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA),
Vol.323, Issue 8, pp:707–708, Jan. 2020.
(a) (b) doi:10.1001/jama.2020.0757.
[2] L. Wang and A. Wong, “COVID-Net: A Tailored Deep
Fig 2. Example chest radiography images of: (a) COVID-19 Convolutional Neural Network Design for Detection of
Viral Infection (b) Non COVID-19 infection. COVID-19 Cases from Chest Radiography Images,”2020.
arXiv:2003.09871.
For the experiments, the dataset was divided into eighty [3] S. Wang et al., "A deep learning algorithm using CT
percent to twenty percent for training and validation/testing. images to screen for Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19),"
After the division, we applied image augmentation on the medRxiv 2020.02.14.20023028, 2020.
training dataset. For the simulations, we used the Stochastic doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.14.20023028.
Gradient Descent with Momentum (SGDM) and set an initial [4] A. S. Joaquin, “Using Deep Learning to detect Pneumonia
learning rate of 0.001. We set max epoch to 50 and mini- caused by NCOV-19 from X-Ray
batch size to 8. Table 1 displays the simulations results of our Images,”2020.Available:https://towardsdatascience.com/usin
method. g-deep-learning-to-detect-ncov-19-from-x-ray-images-
From Table 1, its apparent that, out of 269 Normal Chest 1a89701d1acd
X-Ray images, out model predicts 258 images with 4 percent
inaccuracy. On the other hand, out of 61 Covid-19 chest X-
Ray images, our model predicts 60 images with almost 2
percent inaccuracy. Overlall, our model achieved 97 %
accuracy rate surpassing it’s other counterparts.