Parts of Speech dan Parallel Structure

I. Parts of Speech
Ada 4 Parts of Speech yg dipakai TOEFL untuk menjebak kita dlm test nya :

1. Verbs ( eat, run, come, drink,dll)

2. Adjectives ( smart, quick, slow, lazy, dll)
3. Adverbs ( smartly, quickly, slowly, lazily, dll)
4. Nouns ( table, chair, house, car, dll)
Tapi ingat bhwa TOEFL sering menjebak kita dg menggunakan Verbs,
Adjectives, dan Nouns yg memiliki akhiran yg sama :

1. 90% kata yg berakhiran dg berikut ini psti kata kerja :

- fy : modify, identify, dll.
-uce : produce, reduce,dll.
-ate : communicate, dedicate, dll.
-en : shorten, widen, dll.

2. 90% kata yg berakhiran dg berikut ini psti kata sifat :

-ant : important, significant, dll.
-ent : silent, patient,dll.
-ous : dangerous, religious.dll.
-ive : expensive, active,dll.
-al : internal, physical,dll.
-ble : responsible, possible,dll.
-ful : useful, beautiful,dll.
-less : careless, useless, dll.

3. 90% kata yg berakhiran dg berikut ini psti kata benda :

-ance : importance, significance,dll.
-ence : silence, patience,dll.
-ness : goodness, badness,dll.
-ion : communication, religion,dll.
-age : advantage, mileage,dll.
-ity : possibility, responsibility,dll.
TOEFL menjebak kita dengan menggunakan FORMULA sebagai
(betul)berikut :
1. VERB + ADVERB >> 1. She is beautifully (salah)
She is beautiful (betul)
2. She dances beautiful (salah)
She dances beautifully (betul)
3. They drive the car careful (salah)
They drive the car carefully (betul)

2. LINKING VERB + ADJECTIVE.

Linking Verbs : feel, look, remain, become, taste, prove,

seem.
>> 1. She looks beautifully (salah)
She looks beautiful (betul)
2. They become strongly (salah)
They become strong (betul)

3. ADJECTIVE + NOUN

Contoh : He is a kind of a man who admires beautifully girls.

A B C D
Yg salah D, hrsnya beautiful.

4. ADVERB + ADJECTIVE

Contoh1 : They are total wrong when thinking that he is not kind.
A B C D
Yg salah A, hrsnya totally krn wrong adalah kata sifat/Adjective.

Contoh 2 : In her friends’ opinion, she is absolute beautiful.

A B C D

Yang salah D, harusnya absolutely.

 5. ADVERB + -ED

Adverb + -ed ( ini yg sngt sering keluar dlm test TOEFL )

-ed ini adalah kata kerja bentuk ke 3 beraturan )
# The chairs are arranged beautifully ( salah krn bentuknya –ed
+Adverb, hrsnya bentuknya Adverb + -ed ) >> The chairs are
beautifully arranged ( betul krn bentuknya Adverb + -ed )

# We need a perfect renovated house ( salah ). Yg betul : We need a

perfectly renovated house.

Contoh:The dress she is wearing is beautiful combined with her dress

A B C D
Yg salah B, hrsnya beautifully combined ( Adverb + -ed )

II. Parallel Structure

Parallel Structure adalah Persamaan 2 atau 3 Jenis Kata ( kata kerja,
kata sifat, kata keteranagan, dan kata benda ).
___________, ___________, and ____________
___________, ___________, but ____________
___________, ___________, or ____________

Atau 2 jg bisa
___________ and ____________
___________ but ____________
___________ or ____________

1. Jika kata kerja yg digunakan, semua hrs kata kerja. Jika ada
satu yg bkn kt kerja, maka dia yg salah dan hrs diganti kt
kerja.
Contoh : In her life she struggled, worked, and dedication
A B C
herself to her beloved family
D
Yg salah C, shrsnya dedicated krn dedication kt benda.
 Jk kt kerja itu pakai ing hrs pakai ing semua, tdk pakai
apa2, hrs tdk pakai apa2 semua.

Contoh: She likes dancing, swim,and cooking in her past time

A B C D
Yg salah B, harusnya swimming

Contoh: She likes to dance, swim, and cooking in her past time
A B C D
Yg salah B, hrsnya cook

2. Jika kata sifat yg digunakan, semua hrs kata sifat. Jika ada satu yg
bkn kt sifat, maka dia yg salah dan hrs diganti kt.sifat.

Contoh : She is beautiful, smart, and communication in her family

A B C D
Yg salah B, hrs nya communicative (kt sifat) krn beautiful dan smart
kata sifat.

3. Jika kata keterangan (kt.sifat+ly) yg digunakan, semua hrs kata

keterangan. Jika ada satu yg bkn kt keterangan, maka dia yg salah
dan hrs diganti kt.keterangan.
Contoh : They are dancing beautiful, gracefully, but slowly
A B C D
Yg salah C, harusnya beautifully

4. Jika kata benda yg digunakan, semua hrs kata benda. Jika ada satu
yg bkn kt benda, maka dia yg salah dan hrs diganti kt.benda.
Contoh : He is very good at speech in front of people, communicate,
A B C D
and persuasion.
Yg salah D, hrsnya communication krn speech dan persuasion kt
benda sedangkan communicate kt kerja.

5. Jika kata kerja lampau yg digunakan, semua hrs kata kerja lampau.
Jika ada satu yg bkn kt kerja lampau, maka dia yg salah dan hrs
diganti kt.kerja lampau.
Contoh : We discover a land in Peru,bought it, and built a house on it
A B C D
Yg salah A, hrsnya discovered krn bought dan built bentuk lampau.
 6. Ada parallel structure yg mengharuskan kita menghapal pasangan :
1. Not only .......... but also .........
2. Both .......... and .........
3. Neither ......... nor .........
4. Either ........ or .........

Dalam menjebak kita TOEFL akan menggunakan pasangan lain.

Contoh : We like both swimming but also scuba diving for sports
A B C D
Yg salah C, hrs nya and krn Both pasangannya and bkn but also

Hal penting yg perlu kita hapalkan adalah AKHIRAN DARI JENIS KATA2 ITU
untuk bisa mengidentifikasi apkh itu kt kerja, kt sifat, atau kt benda :

4. 90% kata yg berakhiran dg berikut ini psti kata kerja :

- fy : modify, identify, dll.
-uce : produce, reduce,dll.
-ate : communicate, dedicate, dll.
-en : shorten, widen, dll.

5. 90% kata yg berakhiran dg berikut ini psti kata sifat :

-ant : important, significant, dll.
-ent : silent, patient,dll.
-ous : dangerous, religious.dll.
-ive : expensive, active,dll.
-al : internal, physical,dll.
-ble : responsible, possible,dll.
-ful : useful, beautiful,dll.

6. 90% kata yg berakhiran dg berikut ini psti kata benda :

-ance : importance, significance,dll.
-ence : silence, patience,dll.
-ness : goodness, badness,dll.
-ion : communication, religion,dll.
-age : advantage, mileage,dll.
-ity : possibility, responsibility,dll.