APPLIED CHEMISTRY

Course Code: CHE 101 Credits: 04

Hours: 40

Course Objective:
Chemistry is essential to develop analytical capabilities of students, so that they can characterize,
transform and use materials in engineering and apply knowledge in their field. All engineering
fields have unique bonds with chemistry whether it is Aerospace, Mechanical, Environmental
and other fields. The makeup of substances is always a key factor, which must be known. The
upcoming field of technology like Nanotechnology and Biotechnology depends fully on the
knowledge of basic chemistry. With this versatile need in view, course has been designed in such
a way so that the student should get an overview of the whole subject starting from the very basic
bonding mechanism to the application of materials. To train students practically in basic and
applied principles of Chemistry.

Module I: Chemical Bonding & Chemical Equilibrium (4hours)

Types of bond: Ionic, Covalent and Co-ordinate bond. Fajan’s rule; Hybridisation. H- bonding.
Valence bond and Molecular orbital theory for diatomic molecule.
Le Chatelier’s Principle; Equilibrium constant from Thermodynamic Constants; Acid-Base
Concept; Weak acid and Weak base and their salts; Solubility Product; pH and pOH, Buffer
Solution, Buffer Action.

Module II: Thermodynamics (Use of free energy in chemical equilibria ) (6 hours)

Thermodynamic functions: energy, entropy and free energy. Estimations of entropy and free
energies. Free energy and emf. Cell potentials, the Nernst equation and applications. Acid base,
oxidation reduction and solubility equilibria. Water chemistry. Corrosion.
Module III: Stereochemistry, Organic reactions & mechanism (10 hours)
Representations of 3 dimensional structures, structural isomers and stereoisomers, configurations
and symmetry and chirality, enantiomers, diastereomers, optical activity, absolute configurations
and conformational analysis. Isomerism in transitional metal compounds.
Electronegativity and dipole moment. Electron Displacement Effects: Inductive Effect;
Mesomeric Effect; Electromeric Effects. Fission of covalent bonds. Intermediates of Organic
reactions; Carbonium , Carbanion, Free Radical and Carbene.
Introduction to reactions involving substitution, addition, elimination, oxidation, reduction,
cyclization and ring openings.

Module IV: Polymers (6 hours)

Introduction; Polymerization; Addition and Condensation Polymerization. Thermosetting and

Thermoplastic Polymers. Molecular Weight of Polymer; Rubber, Plastic and Fiber; Preparation.
Properties and uses of PMMA, Polyester, Epoxy Resins and Bakelite, Silicone Polymers.

Module V: Water Technology (6 hours)

Introduction and specifications of water, Hardness and its determination (EDTA method only),
Alkalinity, Boiler feed water, boiler problems; scale, sludge, priming & foaming: causes &
prevention, caustic embrittlement & corrosion; causes & prevention, Carbonate & phosphate
conditioning, colloidal conditioning & calgon treatment, Water softening processes; Lime – soda
process, Ion exchange method.
Water for domestic use.
Module VI: Instrumental Methods of analysis (8 hours)
Introduction; Principles of spectroscopy; Laws of absorbance,
IR: Principle, Instrumentation, Application
UV : Principle, Instrumentation, Application
NMR : Principle, Instrumentation, Application

Course Outcomes:
The concepts developed in this course will aid in quantification of several concepts in chemistry
that have been introduced at the 10+2 levels in schools. Technology is being increasingly based
on the electronic, atomic and molecular level modifications. To understand phenomena at
nanometer levels, one has to base the description of all chemical processes at molecular levels.
The course will enable the student to:

• Analyse microscopic chemistry in terms of atomic and molecular orbitals and

intermolecular forces.
• Rationalise bulk properties and processes using thermodynamic considerations.
• Distinguish the ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum used for exciting different
molecular energy levels in various spectroscopic techniques
• Rationalise periodic properties such as ionization potential, electronegativity,
oxidation states and electronegativity.
• List major chemical reactions that are used in the synthesis of molecules.

Examination Scheme:

Components A CT S/V/Q/HA ESE

Weightage (%) 5 15 10 70

A: Attendance, CT: Class Test, S/V/Q/HA - Seminar/Viva/Quiz/Home Assignment, ESE - End

Semester Examination.

Text & References:

i. Physical Chemistry, by P. W. Atkins

ii. Engineering Chemistry , by Dr. Sunita Rattan
iii. Chemistry: Principles and Applications, by M. J. Sienko and R. A. Plane
iv. Organic Spectroscopy, by Jagmohan
v. Engineering Chemistry by Jain & Jain
vi. University chemistry, by B. H. Maha
vii. Organic Chemistry: Structure and Function by K. P. C. Volhardt and N. E. Schore.