Voltage Stability and Contingency Analysis Programs

Voltage Stability
and
Contingency Analysis Programs
Severity %
100
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0
Line Out: AAA69 ->BUS-Z69 Line Out: DDD69 ->BUS- Line Out: BUS-Z69 ->JJJ69 Line Out: BUS-E69 ->FFF69
E69
Contingency
Power Analytics Corporation

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Voltage Stability and Contingency Analysis Programs
Table of Contents
Page
Introduction to Voltage Stability ....................................................................................................... 1
Step-by-Step Procedure for Conducting a Voltage Stability Analysis ............................................. 3
Graphic Interface Controls in Voltage Stability .............................................................................. 16
Introduction to Contingency Analysis Program ............................................................................. 17
Step-by-Step Procedure for Conducting a Contingency Analysis ................................................. 19
Validation and Verification for Contingency Analysis Program ..................................................... 28
I.a) Result of Advanced Power Flow Program for contingency Line Out: BUS-E69 ->FFF69 ...... 30
I.b) Result of Advanced Power Flow Program for contingency Line Out: BUS-Z69 ->JJJ69 ....... 30
I.c) Result of Advanced Power Flow Program for contingency Line Out: AAA69 ->BUS-Z69 .... 31
I.d) Result of Advanced Power Flow Program for contingency Line Out: DDD69 ->BUS-E69 ... 31
List of Tables
Table 1 Available Generation Data.................................................................................................. 2

Table 2 System Load Demand plus Local Static Compensation .................................................... 2
Note: You can view this manual on your CD as an Adobe Acrobat PDF file. The
file name is:
 Voltage Stability Voltage_Stability.pdf
You will find the Test/Job files used in this tutorial in the following location:
 C:\DesignBase\Samples\VoltStab = Voltage Stability
Test Files: VoltageStability, Contingency
IMPORTANT NOTE: Power Analytics Corporation’s software products are tools intended
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specific application. Use of all Power Analytics Corporation software products is governed
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when purchasing and installing the software. You must comply with these terms and
conditions in applying the instructional material in this manual. If you do not have or are
unfamiliar with the contents of your EULA for this software, you should request, read, and
understand a copy of your EULA before proceeding.
i
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ii
Introduction to Voltage Stability

The stability of an electrical power system can be classified into two broad categories, namely,
transient (angular) stability and voltage stability. Traditionally the angular stability has been the main
focus of power system engineers. With the increased demand in electrical energy and fewer
expansion plans of the power system, voltage instability has occurred more frequently and therefore,
gained the attention of power system planners and operators.
Power system voltage stability refers to the system’s ability to maintain acceptable voltage
profiles under different system topologies and load changes. Voltage instability occurs
mainly due to the fact that, unlike active power, reactive power cannot be transported over long
distances. Therefore, a power system rich in reactive power resources is less likely to experience
voltage stability problems. The voltage stability assessment of a power system is of paramount
importance in the planning and daily operation of electrical networks.
The so-called “PV” analysis, which is widely used voltage stability studies, is based on imposing a
gradual load increase in certain or all sections of the power system. Subsequently, a group of
generating units is selected to act as reactive power suppliers in order to compensate for the
voltage drop created by this load increase. When the reactive power compensation capability of
these units is depleted (no power flow solution can be found at that load level), the voltage will
collapse, thereby defining the voltage stability limit for the system.
The most commonly used approach for studying voltage stability is based on static power flow
analysis. DesignBase has also adopted this methodology in its assessment of power system voltage
stability. Dynamic analysis of voltage stability phenomena can be carried out using DesignBase’s
Transient Stability program. The main features of the DesignBase voltage stability program include
flexible selection of system load increase (areas, zones and buses), user defined groups of
generations for dispatch, efficient selection of the monitored quantities, fast and reliable solution
technique, and a comprehensive plotting facility for the visualization of the PV curves. The network
buses and generator reactive power reserves can be monitored in the entire system, by area, zone,
or individually. Examples of the aforementioned features will be shown in the following tutorial.
This tutorial in question will illustrate how to conduct a Voltage Stability Analysis based on the
dynamic reactive-power reserve available in a Power Distribution network. As indicated above,
voltage stability refers to the ability of a system to maintain acceptable voltage levels, under
cycling loads and changing network topologies. In order to control these voltage levels, a sound
reserve of reactive power (MVAR’s) must be available to compensate for system dynamic
conditions.
The program will calculate the maximum stability limits based on dynamically controllable sources
of reactive power. In other words: Generators defined as PV busses. The system must have
at least one PV bus for this analysis to be viable. The example illustrated in this tutorial, is a 14-
bus system published in the textbook entitled “Analysis of Faulted Power Systems” by A. Fouad
and P. M. Anderson of Iowa State University. The objective here is to find the voltage stability
limit of this power system when all of the loads in the system are uniformly increased based on
the patterns that will be explained further into this exercise.
1
Before the tutorial is explained, the following table will assist the reader in the interpretation of the
results.
Machine.ID Nom-Voltage Type Gen P Min Q Max Q Conn. Load

AAA138 138 kV PV 200 MW 0 100 MVAR 100MW + j50 MVAR
JJJ138 138 kV Swing N/A 0
DDD138 138 kV PQ PG = 200 MW / QG = 56.2 MW 100MW + j50 MVAR
DDD69 69 kV PV 0 0 100 MVAR 0
FFF138 138 kV PV 200 MW 0 100 MVAR 100MW + j50 MVAR
Table 1 Available Generation Data
Static Reactive
Load ID Active Power Reactive Power
Compensation
BBB138 50 MW 25 MVAR 20 MVAR (CAP)
CCC138 50 MW 25 MVAR 0 MVAR
ZZZ138 25 MW 20 MVAR 10 MVAR (CAP)
EEE69 25 MW 20 MVAR 10 MVAR (CAP)
HHH138 50 MW 25 MVAR 20 MVAR (CAP)
GGG138 50 MW 25 MVAR 0 MVAR
Table 2 System Load Demand plus Local Static Compensation
Table No.1, indicates that busses AAA138, DDD69 and FFF138 represent the dynamic reactive-
power reserve of this network. Table No.2 illustrates the base load condition from which the
analysis will depart.
The tutorial will attempt to determine whether the system is capable to accommodate a 200%
load growth while maintaining acceptable voltage levels throughout the system. The growth will
be scaled in incremental steps of 2%. The parameters that will be used for the analysis are as
follows:
1. Load Growth Factor: 200% applicable to all loads.

2. Load Increment: 2% applicable to all loads.
2
Step-by-Step Procedure for Conducting a Voltage Stability Analysis

Step 1. Proceed to open the file to be studied. For this example, use the file named:
“VOLTAGESTABILITY.axd”.
Step 2. Select the “Voltage Stability” program icon.
Alternatively, the Voltage Stability program can also be invoked from the “Analysis” menu as
indicated below:
3
Step 3. To initiate the analysis first select “Options” as shown below:
Step 4. Select the “Power Flow Method” to be used. For this example, select “Fast Decoupled”.
Step 5. Define the Power Flow Control options as indicated above, and select “OK”.
Step 6. Select the “Analyze” icon as shown below
4
Step 7. Specify the “Load Growth Factor” and the “Load Growth Increment” step to be used.
Both these values must be entered as a %. Use the values indicated in the screen-capture. Also,
for now enter a “Low Voltage Stability Criterion” as indicated below
Step 8. Select “Load Scaling” tab and use “Add All ” as shown below (you may also use
selected loads):
Step 9. Select the “Generation Scaling” tab.
5
Step 10. From the “Available Generators” column select each generator that will be used as a
source of reactive power adjustment, and then press “Add” to add it to the “Selected Generators”
column. For this example, select all of them.
Step 11. Select the “Monitored Busses” tab.
Step 12. From the “Available Busses” column select each bus for which a graphic-output report is
required, and then press “Add” to add it to the “Selected Busses” column. For this example select
“Add All”.
Step 13. Select the “Monitored Gen” tab.
6
Step 14. From the “Available Generators” column select each generator for which a graphic-
output report is required, and then press “Add” to add it to the “Selected Generators” column. For
this example, select them all.
Step 15. Select “OK”.
7
Step 16. Once the analysis is completed, the, Program Information” window will report on the
Voltage Stability of the system. In this case, the voltage would collapse if the total load were to be
increased by 62% or 385.5 MW, seen below:
Step 17. Once the simulation is completed, a new icon “Report Manager” will appear as shown
below. Select “Report Manager”
8
Step 18. Select “Log Information”
9
Step 19. To view a text report of the analysis, select “View Text Report” under Voltage Stability
Report area shown above.
10
11
Step 20. To view the

graphical output results,
select “View Curves
Graphically”, from Report
Manager
Step 21.
Select the “Bus Voltage
Graphic” tab.
Step 22.
Select from the list, the buses to be
viewed, or click on “Select all Items” to
view all the curves simultaneously.
12
13
Voltage Stability & Contingency Analysis Program v2.00.00
==============================================================
Project No. : Page : 1

Project Name: Date : 10/12/2005
Title : Time : 07:53:42 pm
Drawing No. : Company :
Revision No.: Engineer :
Jobfile Name: voltagestability Check by :
Scenario : 1 - Date :
A 14-bus network shown in Fig.E.3 in Paul M. Anderson's

Faulted Power Systems
Low Voltage Criterion = 0.50 (pu)

Load Growth Factor = 200.00 (%)
Load Growth Increment = 2.00 (%)
Selected Loads
==============
# Bus Name Sys_KV P(MW) Q(MVAR)

----- ------------------------ -------- ---------- ----------
1 AAA138 138.000 100.000 50.000
2 DDD138 138.000 100.000 50.000
3 FFF138 138.000 100.000 50.000
4 BBB138 138.000 50.000 25.000
5 CCC138 138.000 50.000 25.000
6 EEE69 69.000 25.000 20.000
7 GGG138 138.000 50.000 25.000
8 HHH138 138.000 50.000 25.000
9 ZZZ69 69.000 25.000 20.000
---------- ----------
Total: 550.000 290.000
Selected Generators
===================
# Bus Name Sys_KV P(MW) Qmin(MVAR) Qmax(MVAR)

----- ------------------------ -------- ---------- ---------- ----------
1 JJJ138 138.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
2 AAA138 138.000 200.000 0.000 100.000
3 DDD138 138.000 200.000 56.200 56.200
4 DDD69 69.000 0.000 0.000 100.000
5 FFF138 138.000 200.000 0.000 100.000
Monitored Bus Voltage Variation

===============================
Bus Name Bus Voltages in PU with load Increment

------------------------ -----------------------------------------------------------
JJJ138 1.040 1.040 1.040 1.040 1.040 1.040 1.040 1.040 1.040 1.040
1.040 1.040 1.040 1.040 1.040 1.040 1.040 1.040 1.040 1.040
1.040 1.040 1.040 1.040 1.040 1.040 1.040 1.040 1.040 1.040
1.040
AAA138 1.020 1.020 1.020 1.020 1.020 1.020 1.020 1.020 1.020 1.020
1.020 1.020 1.020 1.020 1.020 1.020 1.020 1.020 1.020 1.020
1.020 1.020 1.020 1.020 1.020 1.020 1.016 1.011 1.007 1.002
0.997
DDD138 1.013 1.012 1.010 1.009 1.008 1.007 1.006 1.004 1.003 1.002
1.000 0.999 0.996 0.993 0.990 0.987 0.984 0.981 0.978 0.974
0.971 0.968 0.964 0.961 0.957 0.953 0.948 0.943 0.938 0.932
14
==============================================================

Jobfile Name: voltagestability Check by :

Bus Name Bus Voltages in PU with load Increment

------------------------ -----------------------------------------------------------
0.927
DDD69 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000
1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000
1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000
1.000
FFF138 1.020 1.020 1.020 1.020 1.020 1.020 1.020 1.020 1.020 1.020
1.020 1.020 1.015 1.011 1.006 1.000 0.995 0.990 0.985 0.979
0.974 0.968 0.962 0.956 0.950 0.944 0.936 0.929 0.921 0.913
0.904
AAA69 1.008 1.007 1.007 1.007 1.006 1.006 1.006 1.005 1.005 1.005
1.004 1.004 1.004 1.004 1.003 1.003 1.003 1.002 1.002 1.001
1.001 1.001 1.000 1.000 1.000 0.999 0.995 0.990 0.986 0.981
0.976
BBB138 0.975 0.973 0.970 0.968 0.966 0.964 0.961 0.959 0.957 0.955
0.952 0.950 0.947 0.943 0.940 0.936 0.933 0.929 0.926 0.922
0.918 0.915 0.911 0.907 0.903 0.899 0.891 0.884 0.876 0.868
0.859
CCC138 0.974 0.971 0.969 0.967 0.964 0.962 0.960 0.958 0.955 0.953
0.950 0.948 0.944 0.940 0.937 0.933 0.929 0.925 0.920 0.916
0.912 0.907 0.903 0.898 0.894 0.889 0.882 0.875 0.867 0.859
0.851
EEE69 0.927 0.925 0.923 0.920 0.918 0.916 0.913 0.911 0.909 0.906
0.904 0.901 0.896 0.891 0.886 0.881 0.875 0.870 0.864 0.858
0.853 0.847 0.840 0.834 0.828 0.821 0.814 0.807 0.799 0.791
0.782
FFF69 1.000 0.999 0.999 0.999 0.998 0.998 0.998 0.997 0.997 0.997
0.996 0.996 0.991 0.987 0.982 0.977 0.972 0.967 0.961 0.956
0.951 0.945 0.939 0.933 0.927 0.921 0.914 0.907 0.899 0.891
0.883
Generation Reactive Power Reserve Variation

===========================================
Generator Name Generation reactive power Reserve in MVAR with load Increment
------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------
AAA138 61.924 59.939 57.948 55.944 53.928 51.900 49.859
47.805 45.737 43.657 41.563 39.456 36.878 34.247
31.587 28.898 26.177 23.425 20.639 17.818 14.961
12.065 9.130 6.154 3.134 0.067 -0.009 -0.002
-0.004 -0.006 -0.008
DDD138 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000 0.000
DDD69 97.169 95.882 94.591 93.290 91.980 90.660 89.330
87.990 86.640 85.279 83.907 82.525 79.386 76.117
72.793 69.412 65.970 62.465 58.894 55.252 51.537
47.743 43.866 39.902 35.844 31.685 26.410 20.935
15.264 9.388 3.277
FFF138 32.256 29.410 26.552 23.678 20.789 17.884 14.963
12.027 9.074 6.105 3.119 0.117 0.005 0.005
0.005 0.007 0.008 0.008 0.008 0.008 0.008
0.008 0.009 0.005 0.006 0.007 0.004 -0.010
0.002 -0.000 0.003
15
Graphic Interface Controls in Voltage Stability

The following section summarizes the control features of the graphical control interface used in
the Voltage Stability Program.
“Print” function.
“Save to File” function.
“Copy to Clipboard” function.
“Graph Properties” function.
“Cursor” function.
“Zoom Box” function.
“Zoom In” function.
“Zoom Out” function.
“Zoom Axis” function.
“Scroll Axis” function.
“Pause Tracking” function.
“Resume Tracking” function.
16
The graph properties option allows the

user to control every aspect of the plots
ranging including colors, tracing, and
graphic interpolation methods
Introduction to Contingency Analysis Program
The DesignBase’s Contingency Analysis Program (CAP) utilizes advanced solution algorithm and an
extremely user-friendly graphical user interface. CAP solution technique is based on the full AC
powerflow methodology that is fast, accurate, and robust. CAP evaluates thousands of contingencies
within seconds, produces comprehensive reports and supports a number of contingencies including
outage of:
17
 Transformers
 Transmission Facilities
 Generation Units
 Loads
 Reactors/Capacitors
CAP generates comprehensive reports that are easy to understand. In addition, CAP ranks the
contingencies based on the solution violations thereby alleviating the tedious and cumbersome
task of planning/operation engineers inspecting the detailed result for thousands of the analyzed
contingencies. CAP automatically checks the operating voltage limits and flow capabilities of all
equipments against the solution and reports the violation type, degree of violation and
contingency causing the violation. The reports can also be exported to Excel for further analysis
or graphing of the result.
The contingencies are user defined which could be setup via a user-friendly interface. CAP can
automatically prepare the list of all N-1 contingencies within areas, user defined voltage levels,
zones, or entire power system. CAP is capable of handling any N-k contingency type involving
any number of elements.
In addition to contingency definitions, other input data requirement of the contingency analysis
program is similar to the DesignBase’s Advanced Powerflow. The normal and emergency voltage
limits, normal and contingency loading capabilities for transformers, lines/cables are automatically
checked.
18
Step-by-Step Procedure for Conducting a Contingency Analysis

In the following section the operation of the contingency analysis program will be demonstrated
using a sample jobfile. This jobfile can be found in \DesignBase4\samples\voltstab directory. The
jobfile file name is “CONTINGENCY.AXD”. To start the step-by-step procedure for using the
contingency analysis program, we will first load this jobfile into DesignBase. To access the
contingency analysis program select “Voltage Stability Contingency Analysis” icon as shown
below:
19
Next, select the “Contingency Analysis” icon as shown in the figure below:
Next the main contingency analysis dialog will be displayed as shown below. Here, the user can
define contingencies, set the violation criterion, automatically request the program to generated
N-1 contingencies, define filters based on area, zone, and/or System kV, and finally request the
program to simulate the contingencies.
20
By default, the program creates an empty contingency named “BaseCase”. The steps required to
create a contingency is described below. A contingency can be multiple events or just a single
event. On the right hand side of the below dialog, the user can define contingency type by
selecting “Buses” or “Branches”. Let assume that we want to define a generator outage at bus
“DDD138”. Double click left mouse on the row showing this generator will prompt the user to
select Bus type contingency, namely,
 Outage of a Bus,
 Outage of a load, or
 Outage of Generator
as shown below:
In the above, the outage of generator is selected and as shown below this event is added to the
contingency.
21
To change the name of a contingency, double click on the row with the contingency name as
shown in the left hand side of the dialog box below. A new dialog box for entering the contingency
name will appear.
Similarly to the Bus type contingency, Branch type contingencies can be defined. This is shown
below. Double click on the row where the desired branch is displayed and then select “Out
Service” status.
22
The Contingency analysis program can be used to automatically generate N-1 contingencies. For
example, let’s assume it is desired to generate automatically contingencies of all 69 kV
lines/feeders.
First, we select the 69 kV voltage level from the list of available system voltages as shown in the
figure below.
Now, press the “N-1 Contingencies” button as shown in the right hand side of the above figure.
Since the line outages are of interest, place the check mark beside the “Generate N-1 Line
Contingencies” as shown below and press the “OK” button.
23
The figure below shows a list of line outages that were generated automatically.
The Contingency analysis program will simulate each of the contingencies defined and checks
the powerflow solution against the user-defined limits for voltage and current/power. To modify
the violation criterion, press “Violation Criteria” button as shown in the right hand side of the
above figure. The user can specify if the contingency analysis program should consider normal or
emergency voltage limits as shown below. Also, overload limit can be defined as a percentage of
rated values (current for lines/cables/switches and KVA for transformers).
24
After specifying the desired contingencies and defining violation limits, press the “Analyze &
Report” button, as shown below, to start the contingency analysis simulations.
Once of all contingencies are analyzed, the program presents the results as shown below. The
report contains detail description for each contingency, voltage violations and overload violations.
Finally, the program lists all of the contingencies along with their rank. The ranking is determined
by computing the standard deviation of the bus voltages and line loadings based on the user
preset limits. Once, the total deviation is computed for each case, the worst case is considered to
be the 100% case and all the other cases are normalized and sorted based on it.
25
==============================================================

Jobfile Name: contingency Check by :

2-Winding Xfmr Voltage Control
Voltage Control at Bus FFF69
Contingency Analysis Report

===========================
Events for Contingency: Line Out: AAA69 ->BUS-Z69

===================================================
Outage of branch AAA69 ->BUS-Z69 : 1
Bus Voltage Violation (using normal voltage limits) for Contingency: Line Out: AAA69 ->BUS-Z69
=================================================================================================
Bus Name System kV Vmin(%) Vmax(%) Voltage(%)

------------------------ ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
BUS-E69 69.0000 95.0 105.0 93.9
BUS-Z69 69.0000 95.0 105.0 82.4
EEE69 69.0000 95.0 105.0 93.9
ZZZ69 69.0000 95.0 105.0 82.4
Branch Overload Violation (using 100.% limit) for Contingency: Line Out: AAA69 ->BUS-Z69
==========================================================================================
From Bus Name To Bus Name Circuit # Ampacity Loading(%)

------------------------ ------------------------ ----------- ------------ -----------
AAA138 JJJ138 1 255.0 125.2
BUS-C138 DDD138 1 255.0 122.7
BUS-G138 FFF138 1 255.0 162.0
BUS-Z69 JJJ69 1 255.0 112.6
Events for Contingency: Line Out: BUS-E69 ->FFF69

=================================================
Outage of branch BUS-E69 ->FFF69 : 1
Bus Voltage Violation (using normal voltage limits) for Contingency: Line Out: BUS-E69 ->FFF69
===============================================================================================

------------------------ ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
BUS-E69 69.0000 95.0 105.0 82.6
BUS-Z69 69.0000 95.0 105.0 93.5
EEE69 69.0000 95.0 105.0 82.6
ZZZ69 69.0000 95.0 105.0 93.5
Branch Overload Violation (using 100.% limit) for Contingency: Line Out: BUS-E69 ->FFF69
========================================================================================

------------------------ ------------------------ ----------- ------------ -----------
BUS-C138 DDD138 1 255.0 122.5
BUS-G138 FFF138 1 255.0 158.6
DDD69 BUS-E69 1 255.0 111.3
Events for Contingency: Line Out: BUS-Z69 ->JJJ69

=================================================
Outage of branch BUS-Z69 ->JJJ69 : 1
Bus Voltage Violation (using normal voltage limits) for Contingency: Line Out: BUS-Z69 ->JJJ69
===============================================================================================

------------------------ ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
BUS-E69 69.0000 95.0 105.0 93.9
BUS-Z69 69.0000 95.0 105.0 80.8
EEE69 69.0000 95.0 105.0 93.9
ZZZ69 69.0000 95.0 105.0 80.8
Branch Overload Violation (using 100.% limit) for Contingency: Line Out: BUS-Z69 ->JJJ69
========================================================================================

------------------------ ------------------------ ----------- ------------ -----------
26
AAA69 BUS-Z69 1 255.0 114.3
BUS-C138 DDD138 1 255.0 129.8
BUS-G138 FFF138 1 255.0 154.6
Events for Contingency: Line Out: DDD69 ->BUS-E69

===================================================
Outage of branch DDD69 ->BUS-E69 : 1
Bus Voltage Violation (using normal voltage limits) for Contingency: Line Out: DDD69 ->BUS-E69
=================================================================================================

------------------------ ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
BUS-E69 69.0000 95.0 105.0 83.8
BUS-Z69 69.0000 95.0 105.0 93.5
EEE69 69.0000 95.0 105.0 83.8
ZZZ69 69.0000 95.0 105.0 93.5
Branch Overload Violation (using 100.% limit) for Contingency: Line Out: DDD69 ->BUS-E69
==========================================================================================

------------------------ ------------------------ ----------- ------------ -----------
AAA138 JJJ138 1 255.0 100.3
BUS-C138 DDD138 1 255.0 129.7
BUS-E69 FFF69 1 255.0 110.2
BUS-G138 FFF138 1 255.0 150.2
Ranking of the Contingencies

============================
Contingency Name Severity %

---------------- ----------
Line Out: AAA69 ->BUS-Z69 100.00
Line Out: DDD69 ->BUS-E69 88.45
Line Out: BUS-Z69 ->JJJ69 77.67
Line Out: BUS-E69 ->FFF69 75.71
27
Validation and Verification for Contingency Analysis Program

The following procedure was used to validate and verify the results of the contingency analysis
program:
a) Use the results obtained for each of the contingencies defined in the sample jobfile
named “CONTINGENCY” by the Contingency Analysis Program, see previous section
b) Create a new jobfile for each of the contingencies defined in the sample jobfile and
manually outage the corresponding element (for the case at hand, outage each of the
line/feeder)
c) Using Advanced Poweflow, obtain power flow solution for each of the jobfiles created in
step b above
d) Obtain the result of bus voltages and branch flows for each of the jobfiles in step b, see
section I.a, I.b, I.c, and I.d below
e) Finally compare the result obtained in a) with those from d) above
DesignBase engineers have carried out the above V&V process and results are summarized
below (the jobfiles created in step b are: CONTINGENCY-AAA69-Z69, CONTINGENCY-AAA69-
Z69, CONTINGENCY-FFF69-E69, CONTINGENCY-JJJ69-Z69). These tables shows that the
results are 100% accurate.
Bus Voltage Violation Result for Contingency: Line Out: BUS-E69 ->FFF69
Result from
Bus Name
Contingency Analysis Advanced Powerflow
BUS-E69 0.826 0.826
BUS-Z69 0.935 0.935
EEE69 0.826 0.826
ZZZ69 0.935 0.935
Overloaded Violation Result for Contingency: Line Out: BUS-E69 ->FFF69

Result from
Overloaded Line Id Contingency Advanced Powerflow
Analysis
BUS-C138->DDD138 1 123 123

BUS-G138->FFF138 1 159 159
DDD69 ->BUS-E69 1 111 111
28
Bus Voltage Violation Result for Contingency: Line Out: BUS-Z69 ->JJJ69
Result from
Bus Name
BUS-E69 0.939 0.939
BUS-Z69 0.808 0.808
EEE69 0.939 0.939
ZZZ69 0.808 0.808
Overloaded Violation Result for Contingency: Line Out: BUS-Z69 ->JJJ69

Result from
Analysis
AAA69 ->BUS-Z69 1 114 114
BUS-C138->DDD138 1 130 130
BUS-G138->FFF138 1 155 155
Bus Voltage Violation Result for Contingency: Line Out: AAA69 ->BUS-Z69
Result from
Bus Name
BUS-E69 0.939 0.939
BUS-Z69 0.824 0.824
EEE69 0.939 0.939
ZZZ69 0.824 0.824
Overloaded Violation Result for Contingency: Line Out: AAA69 ->BUS-Z69

Result from
Analysis
AAA138 ->JJJ138 1 125 125
BUS-C138->DDD138 1 123 123
BUS-G138->FFF138 1 162 162
BUS-Z69 ->JJJ69 1 113 113
Bus Voltage Violation Result for Contingency: Line Out: DDD69 ->BUS-E69
Result from
Bus Name
BUS-E69 0.838 0.838

BUS-Z69 0.935 0.935
EEE69 0.838 0.838
ZZZ69 0.935 0.935
Overloaded Violation Result for Contingency: Line Out: DDD69 ->BUS-E69
Result from
Overloaded Line Id
AAA138 ->JJJ138 1 100 100
BUS-C138->DDD138 1 130 130
BUS-E69 ->FFF69 1 110 110
BUS-G138->FFF138 1 150 150
29
I.a) Result of Advanced Power Flow Program for contingency Line Out:
BUS-E69 ->FFF69
Advanced Power Flow Program V5.50.00
=========================================

Title : Time : 00:07:39 am
Jobfile Name: contingency-fff69-e69 Check by :

Voltage Violation Report

========================
Bus Name Type Bus Voltage UpperLim LowerLim Violation

(kvolts) (pu) (%) (%)
------------------------ ------ -------- -------- -------- -------- ---------
BUS-E69 None 56.9677 0.8256 105.0% 95.0% under

BUS-Z69 None 64.5118 0.9350 105.0% 95.0% under
EEE69 P_Load 56.9676 0.8256 105.0% 95.0% under
ZZZ69 P_Load 64.5118 0.9350 105.0% 95.0% under
Line Current Loading Violations

===============================
Branch Name C# Type Library CodeName Current Ampacity Loading OverLim UnderLim Violation
(KA) (KA) (%) (%) (%)
------------------------ -- -------- ---------------- -------- -------- ------- -------- -------- ---------
BUS-C138->DDD138 1 Feeder 250 0.3124 0.2550 123% 100.0% 5.0% over

BUS-G138->FFF138 1 Feeder 250 0.4043 0.2550 159% 100.0% 5.0% over
DDD69 ->BUS-E69 1 Feeder 250 0.2837 0.2550 111% 100.0% 5.0% over
I.b) Result of Advanced Power Flow Program for contingency Line Out:
BUS-Z69 ->JJJ69
=========================================

Jobfile Name: contingency-jjj69-z69 Check by :


========================

(kvolts) (pu) (%) (%)
------------------------ ------ -------- -------- -------- -------- ---------
BUS-E69 None 64.7919 0.9390 105.0% 95.0% under

BUS-Z69 None 55.7454 0.8079 105.0% 95.0% under
EEE69 P_Load 64.7919 0.9390 105.0% 95.0% under
ZZZ69 P_Load 55.7454 0.8079 105.0% 95.0% under

===============================
(KA) (KA) (%) (%) (%)
------------------------ -- -------- ---------------- -------- -------- ------- -------- -------- ---------
30
AAA69 ->BUS-Z69 1 Feeder 250 0.2915 0.2550 114% 100.0% 5.0% over
I.c) Result of Advanced Power Flow Program for contingency Line Out:
AAA69 ->BUS-Z69
=========================================

Jobfile Name: contingency-aaa69-z69 Check by :


========================

(kvolts) (pu) (%) (%)
------------------------ ------ -------- -------- -------- -------- ---------
BUS-E69 None 64.7697 0.9387 105.0% 95.0% under

BUS-Z69 None 56.8660 0.8241 105.0% 95.0% under
EEE69 P_Load 64.7697 0.9387 105.0% 95.0% under
ZZZ69 P_Load 56.8659 0.8241 105.0% 95.0% under

===============================
Branch Name C# Type Library CodeName

Current Ampacity Loading OverLim UnderLim Violation
(KA) (KA) (%) (%) (%)
------------------------ -- -------- ---------------- -------- -------- ------- -------- -------- ---------
AAA138 ->JJJ138 1 Feeder 250 0.3194 0.2550 125% 100.0% 5.0% over
BUS-Z69 ->JJJ69 1 Feeder 250 0.2870 0.2550 113% 100.0% 5.0% over
I.d) Result of Advanced Power Flow Program for contingency Line Out:
DDD69 ->BUS-E69
=========================================

Jobfile Name: contingency-ddd69-e69 Check by :


========================

(kvolts) (pu) (%) (%)
------------------------ ------ -------- -------- -------- -------- ---------
BUS-E69 None 57.8408 0.8383 105.0% 95.0% under

BUS-Z69 None 64.4916 0.9347 105.0% 95.0% under
EEE69 P_Load 57.8408 0.8383 105.0% 95.0% under
ZZZ69 P_Load 64.4916 0.9347 105.0% 95.0% under

===============================
31
(KA) (KA) (%) (%) (%)
------------------------ -- -------- ---------------- -------- -------- ------- -------- -------- ---------
AAA138 ->JJJ138 1 Feeder 250 0.2558 0.2550 100% 100.0% 5.0% over
BUS-E69 ->FFF69 1 Feeder 250 0.2811 0.2550 110% 100.0% 5.0% over
32

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Voltage Stability

Power Analytics Corporation

©Copyright Power Analytics Corporation 2012

Table 1 Available Generation Data.................................................................................................. 2

 Voltage Stability Voltage_Stability.pdf

Test Files: VoltageStability, Contingency

Introduction to Voltage Stability

Machine.ID Nom-Voltage Type Gen P Min Q Max Q Conn. Load

1. Load Growth Factor: 200% applicable to all loads.

Step-by-Step Procedure for Conducting a Voltage Stability Analysis

Step 2. Select the “Voltage Stability” program icon.

Step 3. To initiate the analysis first select “Options” as shown below:

Step 6. Select the “Analyze” icon as shown below

Step 9. Select the “Generation Scaling” tab.

Step 11. Select the “Monitored Busses” tab.

Step 13. Select the “Monitored Gen” tab.

Step 15. Select “OK”.

Step 18. Select “Log Information”

Step 20. To view the

Project No. : Page : 1

A 14-bus network shown in Fig.E.3 in Paul M. Anderson's

Low Voltage Criterion = 0.50 (pu)

# Bus Name Sys_KV P(MW) Q(MVAR)

# Bus Name Sys_KV P(MW) Qmin(MVAR) Qmax(MVAR)

Monitored Bus Voltage Variation

Bus Name Bus Voltages in PU with load Increment

Project No. : Page : 2

A 14-bus network shown in Fig.E.3 in Paul M. Anderson's

Bus Name Bus Voltages in PU with load Increment

Generation Reactive Power Reserve Variation

Graphic Interface Controls in Voltage Stability

“Save to File” function.

“Copy to Clipboard” function.

“Graph Properties” function.

“Zoom Box” function.

“Zoom In” function.

“Zoom Out” function.

“Zoom Axis” function.

“Scroll Axis” function.

“Pause Tracking” function.

“Resume Tracking” function.

The graph properties option allows the

Introduction to Contingency Analysis Program

Step-by-Step Procedure for Conducting a Contingency Analysis

Project No. : Page : 1

A 14-bus network shown in Fig.E.3 in Paul M. Anderson's

Contingency Analysis Report

Events for Contingency: Line Out: AAA69 ->BUS-Z69

Outage of branch AAA69 ->BUS-Z69 : 1

Bus Name System kV Vmin(%) Vmax(%) Voltage(%)

From Bus Name To Bus Name Circuit # Ampacity Loading(%)

Events for Contingency: Line Out: BUS-E69 ->FFF69

Outage of branch BUS-E69 ->FFF69 : 1

Bus Name System kV Vmin(%) Vmax(%) Voltage(%)

From Bus Name To Bus Name Circuit # Ampacity Loading(%)

Events for Contingency: Line Out: BUS-Z69 ->JJJ69

Outage of branch BUS-Z69 ->JJJ69 : 1

Bus Name System kV Vmin(%) Vmax(%) Voltage(%)