The International Conference of Women Scientists and Engineers (BIEN2017)

August 31- September 2, 2017 The PLAZA, Seoul, Korea

Behaviour Of Deep Excavation Using Earth Retaining Structures

With Auxiliary Measures in Bangkok Subsoils
Najiha Nadzru1*
1
Senior Civil Engineer (Geotechnical Engineering Division, Ranhill Bersekutu, Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia)
*najiha.ed@gmail.com

This paper studied the behaviour of 800mm thick diaphragm wall in Bangkok clay soil
subjected to parametric cases using different wall depth, auxiliary methods and numbers of
struts bracings using finite element method from a commercial geotechnical software PLAXIS
2D and 3D Version 2013. Four main cases of analyses are done using the diaphragm wall with
internal bracings, diaphragm wall with jet grouting, T-shaped diaphragm wall and combination
of T-shaped diaphragm wall and jet grouting. The ground parameters were used based on the
compiled previous researches data and the structural parameters are calculated using 800mm
thick diaphragm wall and struts (assume as fixed anchor) with spacing at 3m. The lateral wall
movement shapes are typically maximum at the deeper exaction except for T-shaped
diaphragm wall 2-D analysis that shows its maximum value at top of excavation stage.

A comparison study was also done for 2-D and 3-D results for the wall movement, bending
moment and forces diagram for the cases. The outcome result generally agrees with previous
researches, and for auxiliary measure using T-shaped diaphragm wall shows marked
improvement from 2-D to 3-D due to the corner and stiffening effects of the buttress are shown
to have an effect in improving the wall movement result and better reflected in 3-D than 2-D.
Jet grouting is shown to be most effective auxiliary measure in reducing the wall movement.
Effects due to stress change due to different soil layer and effects of stiffness of retaining wall
are also studied and showed that it is not necessary for wall with higher stiffness such as using
T-shaped diaphragm wall which may not necessarily reduce more wall movement than linear
walls and complimentary auxiliary measure such as jet grouting can be more effective. 2-D
analysis is still important for preliminary analysis as primary criterion to study different
methods and type of excavation before doing the 3-D analysis because it is less complicated
than 3-D. In addition, 2-D analysis helps to validate the 3-D result by enhancing cost-efficiency
and safety in the design.

Keywords: Deep excavation, Earth retaining structures, Auxiliary measures, Diaphragm wall,
T-shaped diaphragm wall, Jet grouting, Buttress, Bangkok subsoils, Plaxis