Lawyer's Oath

I, do solemnly swear that I will maintain allegiance to the Republic of the Philippines, I will
support the Constitution and obey the laws as well as the legal orders of the duly constituted
authorities therein; I will do no falsehood, nor consent to the doing of any in court; I will not
wittingly or willingly promote or sue any groundless, false or unlawful suit, or give aid nor
consent to the same; I will delay no man for money or malice, and will conduct myself as a
lawyer according to the best of my knowledge and discretion, with all good fidelity as well to the
courts as to my clients; and I impose upon myself these voluntary obligations without any mental
reservation or purpose of evasion. So help me God.

Article III – Bill of Rights

 a right to due process and equal protection of law
 a right against searches and seizures without a warrant issued by a judge
 a right to privacy
 The right to freedom of speech and expression, freedom of the press, freedom of
assembly, and the right to petition
 The free exercise of religion
 a right of abode and the right to travel
 a right to information on matters of public concern
 a right to form associations
 a right of free access to courts
 the right to remain silent and to have competent legal counsel
 a right to bail and against excessive bail conditions
 a right to habeas corpus
 the right to a speedy trial
 the right against self-incrimination
 the right to political beliefs and aspirations
 a prohibition against cruel, degrading, or inhuman punishment
 protection providing for no imprisonment for debt
 the right against double jeopardy
 prohibition of ex post facto laws and bills of attainder

ARTICLE III

BILL OF RIGHTS
Section 1. No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due
process of law, nor shall any person be denied the equal protection of the laws.

Section 2. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses,

papers, and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures of whatever
nature and for any purpose shall be inviolable, and no search warrant or
warrant of arrest shall issue except upon probable cause to be determined
personally by the judge after examination under oath or affirmation of the
complainant and the witnesses he may produce, and particularly describing
the place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized. cralaw

Section 3. (1) The privacy of communication and correspondence shall be

inviolable except upon lawful order of the court, or when public safety or
order requires otherwise, as prescribed by law. cralaw

(2) Any evidence obtained in violation of this or the preceding section shall
be inadmissible for any purpose in any proceeding. cralaw
Section 4. No law shall be passed abridging the freedom of speech, of
expression, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble
and petition the government for redress of grievances. cralaw

Section 5. No law shall be made respecting an establishment of religion, or

prohibiting the free exercise thereof. The free exercise and enjoyment of
religious profession and worship, without discrimination or preference, shall
forever be allowed. No religious test shall be required for the exercise of civil
or political rights. cralaw

Section 6. The liberty of abode and of changing the same within the limits
prescribed by law shall not be impaired except upon lawful order of the
court. Neither shall the right to travel be impaired except in the interest of
national security, public safety, or public health, as may be provided by law. cralaw

Section 7. The right of the people to information on matters of public

concern shall be recognized. Access to official records, and to documents
and papers pertaining to official acts, transactions, or decisions, as well as to
government research data used as basis for policy development, shall be
afforded the citizen, subject to such limitations as may be provided by law. cralaw

Section 8. The right of the people, including those employed in the public
and private sectors, to form unions, associations, or societies for purposes
not contrary to law shall not be abridged. cralaw

Section 9. Private property shall not be taken for public use without just
compensation. cralaw

Section 10. No law impairing the obligation of contracts shall be passed. cralaw

Section 11. Free access to the courts and quasi-judicial bodies and adequate
legal assistance shall not be denied to any person by reason of poverty. cralaw

Section 12. (1) Any person under investigation for the commission of an
offense shall have the right to be informed of his right to remain silent and
to have competent and independent counsel preferably of his own choice. If
the person cannot afford the services of counsel, he must be provided with
one. These rights cannot be waived except in writing and in the presence of
counsel.cralaw

(2) No torture, force, violence, threat, intimidation, or any other means

which vitiate the free will shall be used against him. Secret detention places,
solitary, incommunicado, or other similar forms of detention are prohibited. cralaw

(3) Any confession or admission obtained in violation of this or Section 17

hereof shall be inadmissible in evidence against him. cralaw

(4) The law shall provide for penal and civil sanctions for violations of this
section as well as compensation to the rehabilitation of victims of torture or
similar practices, and their families. cralaw

Section 13. All persons, except those charged with offenses punishable by
reclusion perpetua when evidence of guilt is strong, shall, before conviction,
be bailable by sufficient sureties, or be released on recognizance as may be
provided by law. The right to bail shall not be impaired even when the
privilege of the writ of habeas corpus is suspended. Excessive bail shall not
be required. cralaw
Section 14. (1) No person shall be held to answer for a criminal offense
without due process of law. cralaw

(2) In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall be presumed innocent until
the contrary is proved, and shall enjoy the right to be heard by himself and
counsel, to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation against
him, to have a speedy, impartial, and public trial, to meet the witnesses face
to face, and to have compulsory process to secure the attendance of
witnesses and the production of evidence in his behalf. However, after
arraignment, trial may proceed notwithstanding the absence of the accused:
Provided, that he has been duly notified and his failure to appear is
unjustifiable. cralaw

Section 15. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended
except in cases of invasion or rebellion, when the public safety requires it. cralaw

Section 16. All persons shall have the right to a speedy disposition of their
cases before all judicial, quasi-judicial, or administrative bodies. cralaw

Section 17. No person shall be compelled to be a witness against himself. cralaw

Section 18. (1) No person shall be detained solely by reason of his political
beliefs and aspirations. cralaw

(2) No involuntary servitude in any form shall exist except as a punishment

for a crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted. cralaw

Section 19. (1) Excessive fines shall not be imposed, nor cruel, degrading or
inhuman punishment inflicted. Neither shall death penalty be imposed,
unless, for compelling reasons involving heinous crimes, the Congress
hereafter provides for it. Any death penalty already imposed shall be
reduced to reclusion perpetua. cralaw

(2) The employment of physical, psychological, or degrading punishment

against any prisoner or detainee or the use of substandard or inadequate
penal facilities under subhuman conditions shall be dealt with by law. cralaw

Section 20. No person shall be imprisoned for debt or non-payment of a poll

tax.cralaw

Section 21. No person shall be twice put in jeopardy of punishment for the
same offense. If an act is punished by a law and an ordinance, conviction or
acquittal under either shall constitute a bar to another prosecution for the
same act. cralaw

Section 22. No ex post facto law or bill of attainder shall be enacted.