Wars and refugees in Africa

Juani

Historically, Africa has been a country full of conflicts. There are over ten ongoing conflicts. For
example, South Sudan-Sudan Border Conflict (2012-Present)-Sudan has been wracked by multiple
insurgencies and has undergone two significant civil wars the Darfur War (2003-2011), various
clashes between Sudanese nomadic tribal groups (2009-Present), and the ongoing Lord's Resistance
Army conflict that spans several central and east African nations. The largest potential conflict
involving the Sudans is the ongoing border conflict between Sudan and the newly independent
South Sudan over the Greater Nile Oil Pipeline and the disputed (and oil-rich) region of Abyei.
There is no love lost between the mostly Muslim and Arabic-speaking Sudan and the more Black
South Sudanese, who are mostly Christian and various pagan/animist worshipers. The previous two
large Sudanese civil wars were between these two groups prior to the independence of South Sudan.

 Libyan Civil War (2014-Present) -After the successful military intervention in Libya in

2011, continued American involvement in Libya hit the public eye with the September 11, 2012
attack on the U.S. embassy in Benghazi and the death of four Americans, including the U.S.
Ambassador to Libya. With U.S. and other allied aid, the new Libyan government is working to
assert authority over various armed militias. As of August, 2016, the United States officially joined
the war in response to gains by ISIS in and around the city of Sirte.

Paulina

Anto

Leandro (how African migrant escape from their countries)

From the Horn of Africa to the Atlantic, from Syria and Gaza, these would-be migrants
travel well-established smuggling routes. Along the way they must cross deserts and mountains,
risk kidnap or robbery, are often cheated or left stranded, enslaved and imprisoned by Libyan tribes
as they try to escape to a better life in Europe.

A teenage Somali who made it to Malta was interviewed and told that he had warned other family
members not to come. "I tell them its 95% sure that you will die," he said. They travel to Sudan, so
as to avoid being kidnapped by tribes on the border. Some of them are handed from one group of
smugglers to the next in relay. Upheavals and instability across much of Africa and the Middle East,
combined with the perception that Libya's doors are open, have led to a massive increase in the
numbers trying to reach Libya.

At least 240 people have died at sea so far this year trying to cross to Spain and Italy, there was an
increase of more than 400 per cent from the same period last year, according to the IOM
(International Organization for migration).

The main factors that contribute Africans to abandon their countries are "Extreme poverty;
prolonged insecurity; sexual violence and other serious human rights violations; lack of access
to basic needs such as food, medical services, healthcare and livelihoods".