4)

Z X

The forces & moment in a point in the pipe element due to temperature are as follows
FX = 1000 lbs MX = 9000 ft-lbs (108000 in-lb)
FY = 1500 lbs MY = 7500 ft-lbs (90000 in-lb)
FZ =2000 lbs MZ = 5000 ft-lbs (60000 in-lb)

The section modulus of the pipe.

8.496 in3
6.790 in3 (corroded condition)

The allowable Stresses are Sh = 20000 psi, Sc = 20000 psi & f = 1.0
Predict (per ANSI B31.3) if the pipe will fail or not

Solution:
As per ANSI B31.3, Z is defined as section modulus of pipe. It does not say it is corroded
section modulus. Therefore, use Z = 8.496 in3

(Note to the Checker: The examinee can also use corroded Z provided he/she will
mention reasons why he is using the corroded condition. Some acceptable reasons are:
the code mentioned to reduce the section modulus for the sustained or occassional. This
is interpreted to mean that the reduced section modulus should be used for all stress
calculations including expansion. And using corroded section modulus is conservative
and probably more realistic as corrosion can significantly affect fatigue life or
expansion)

Allowable Stress range:

SA = f(1.2Sc + Sh ) = 1.0(1.25*20000 + 0.25*20000 )
= 30000 psi

From the orientation above:

Bending Stress:

MY 2  MZ 2
SB 
Z

90000 2  60000 2
SB 
8.496
S B  12731.5 psi

Torsion Stress:

MX
ST 
Z

108000
ST 
8.496

S T  12711.8 psi

Expansion Stress:

2 2
S E  S b  4S t

S E  12731.5 2  4 * 12711.8 2

S E  28433.3 psi

28433.3 < 30000 psi

S E  S A OK