PHYSICAL SCIENCE WEEK 3 HANDOUTS

Matter and Its Properties

MATTER Anything that has mass and takes up space.
The stuff of which the universe is made of.

MASS A measure of the amount of – stuff (or material) the object

contains. (don’t confuse with weight, a measure of gravity)
VOLUME A measure of the space occupied by the object

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES A property of matter that can be observed

SOLID Matter that cannot flow. It has definite shape and
volume.
LIQUID Definite volume but takes the shape of its container
(flows).
GAS A substance without definite volume or shape and can
flow. Vapor- a substance that is currently a gas, but normally
is a liquid or solid at room temperature. (Which is correct:
―water gas, or ―water vapor?)
PLASMA Ionized gas that contains positive ions and
electrons.
or measured without changing the identity of the matter.
Physical properties identify matter.
 Density
Amount of mass in a given volume
A substance is always the same at a given pressure and
temperature regardless of the size of the sample of the substance.
The density of one substance is usually different from that of
another substance.
Density equals mass divided by volume.
D=m /v

THE 6 PHASE CHANGES

• Malleability
1. Melting: Solid to Liquid The ability to be pounded into thin sheets.
2. Freezing: Liquid to Solid Example:
Aluminum can be rolled or pounded into sheets to make foil.
3. Evaporation: Liquid to Gas
• Ductility
4. Condensation: Gas to Liquid The ability to be drawn or pulled into a wire
Example
5. Sublimation: Solid to Gas
Copper in wiring – soldering wires or joints
6. Deposition: Gas to Solid
• Solubility State
ATOM The ability to dissolve in another substance.
smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that Example:
Sugar or salt dissolve in water
element.
Atoms can be physically mixed or chemically joined together to • Thermal Conductivity
make up different types of matter. The thermal conductivity of a material is a measure of its ability to
conduct heat. It is commonly denoted by, or. Heat transfer occurs at
MOLECULE a lower rate in materials of low thermal conductivity than in materials
the smallest unit of a substance that keeps all of the physical and of high thermal conductivity.
chemical properties of that substance. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES A property of matter that describes a
It can consist of one atom or two or more atoms bonded together. substance based on its ability to change into a new substance with
different properties.
COMPOUND
a substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined • Combustibility
by chemical bonds. • Flammability
• Reactivity
Compounds have chemical formulas. • Acids, Bases, Oxidation

• Can be observed with your senses.

• Are Not as easy to observe as physical properties
• Example:
• Flammability – Only when wood burns
• Combustibility – Only when fireworks explode
• Reactivity – Only when iron Oxidizes (rust)
 • When broken down, the pieces have completely different
properties than the original compound.
• Made of two or more atoms, chemically combined (not just a
physical blend!)
MIXTURES

• Mixtures are a physical blend of at least two substances; have

variable composition.

• Every part keeps it’s own properties.

HETEROGENOUS M.

• the mixture is not uniform in composition

PHYSICAL CHANGE a change of matter from one form to another, • Chocolate chip cookie, gravel, soil.
without a change in chemical properties.
HOMOGENOUS M.
The substance you start with is the substance you end with.
• same composition throughout; called ―solutions
Chemical formulas stay the same.
• Juice, Saltwater
Examples: state changes, dissolving a substance, change in size, color,
or shape

CHEMICAL CHANGE a change that occurs when one or more

substances change into entirely new substances, with different
properties.

The substance you start with is different than the substance you end
with.

Chemical formulas are changed.

Examples: light and/or heat is produced, formation of gases or solids.

5 SIGNS OF CHEMICAL CHANGE The only sure way to know there has
been a chemical change is the observance of a new substance formed

Sometimes that is hard to do, so look for the signs…….

1. ODOR PRODUCTION

this is an odor far different from what it should smell like

Prepared by:
Ex: Rotting eggs, food in fridge, decomposing flesh

2. CHANGE IN TEMPERATURE Mr. ADRYAN J. VALIAO

Physical Science Teacher
Exothermic-When energy is released do during the chemical change ex:
wood burning.

Endothermic- Energy is absorbed causing a decrease in temperature of

the reactant material ex: cold pack in first aid kit

3. CHANGE IN COLOR

Ex: fruit changing color when it ripens, leaves changing color in the
Autumn, dying your hair

4. FORMATION OF BUBBLES

This can indicate the presence of a gas. Bubbles produced when boiling
water is not a chemical change.

5. FORMATION OF A PRECIPITATE

When two liquids are combined and a solid is produced

TYPES OF MATTER

ELEMENTS

•Simplest kind of matter

•Cannot be broken down any simpler and still have properties
of that element!
• All one kind of atom.
COMPOUNDS

• Substances that can be broken down only by chemical

methods