Late Edition
Today, mostly sunny, cooler, high
VOL. CLXV . . . No. 57,130
W.H.O. DECLARES
AN EMERGENCY
OVER ZIKA VIRUS
OUTBREAK IN 20 NATIONS
Research to Focus on
Link Between Illness
and Birth Defects
By SABRINA TAVERNISE
and DONALD G. McNEIL Jr.
The World Health Organization
declared the Zika virus and its
suspected link to birth defects an
international public health emer-
gency on Monday, a rare move
that signals the seriousness of
the outbreak and gives countries
new tools to fight it.
An outbreak of the Zika virus,
which is transmitted by mosqui-
toes, was detected in Brazil in
May and has since moved into
more than 20 countries in Latin
America, including two new ones
announced Monday: Costa Rica
and Jamaica.
The main worry is over the vi-
rus’s possible link to microcepha-
ly, a condition that causes babies
to be born with unusually small
heads and, in the vast majority of
cases, damaged brains. Reported
cases of microcephaly are rising
sharply in Brazil, ground zero for
the disease, though researchers
have yet to establish that Zika
causes the condition.
At a news conference in Ge-
neva, Dr. Margaret Chan, the di-
rector general of the W.H.O, ac-
knowledged that the understand-
ing of the connection between the
Zika virus and microcephaly was
hazy and said that the uncer-
tainty placed “a heavy burden”
on pregnant women and their
families throughout the Ameri-
cas. She said the emergency des-
ignation would allow the health
agency to coordinate the many
efforts to get desperately needed
answers. Officials said research
on the effects of Zika in pregnant
women was underway in at least
three countries: Brazil, Colombia
and El Salvador.
“The evidence is growing and
it’s getting strong,” Dr. Chan said.
“So I accepted, even on micro-
cephaly alone, that it is sufficient
to call an emergency. We need a
coordinated international re-
Continued on Page A11
How Free Electricity Helped Dig $9 Billion Hole in Puerto Rico In a Signal to Putin, U.S. Plans
By MARY WILLIAMS WALSH
AGUADILLA, P.R. — To un-
derstand how Puerto Rico’s pow-
er authority has piled up $9 bil-
lion in debt, one need only visit
this bustling city on the north-
west coast.
Twenty years ago, it was just
another town with dwindling fi-
nances. Then, it went on a devel-
opment spree, thanks to a gener-
ous —some might say ill-consid-
ered — gift from the Puerto Rico
Electric Power Authority.
Today, Aguadilla has 19 city-
owned restaurants and a city-
owned hotel, a water park billed
as biggest in the Caribbean, a mi-
nor-league baseball stadium
bathed in floodlights and a wa-
terfront studded with dancing
fountains and glimmering street-
lights.
Most striking is the ice-skating
rink. Unusual in a region where
NATIONAL A12-21
Cause of Fatal Crash Uncertain
Investigators left open the possibility
that human error caused an Amtrak de-
railment in Philadelphia last year as
documents were released showing no
equipment problems. PAGE A14
Renewed Fears of Social Media
The murder of a 13-year-old girl who
posted on a Facebook dating group re-
opened concerns about dangers to
young people on social media. PAGE A12
INTERNATIONAL A4-11
Syrian Peace Talks Begin
Declaring the official beginning of the
first talks in two years, the United Na-
tions mediator said the country’s suffer-
ing civilians need results. PAGE A9
© 2016 The New York Times NEW YORK, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 2016
Iowans rallied candidates as caucusgoers cast the first votes of 2016. From top: Ted Cruz; Hillary
Clinton, with her husband, Bill, and daughter, Chelsea; and Bernie Sanders and his wife, Jane.
To Bolster NATO in East Europe
DENNIS M. RIVERA PICHARDO FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
A stadium in San Juan, P.R., where free electricity from the is-
land’s power authority lights up baseball games at night.
the temperature rarely drops be- have an ice-skating rink in the
low 70 degrees, the rink is com- tropics,” said Sergio Marxuach,
plete with a disco ball and laser policy director at the Center for a
lights. New Economy, a nonpartisan re-
Signs warn skaters not to wear search group in San Juan.
shorts. And that is the catch. What
“Imagine how much it costs to most likely would be the biggest
BUSINESS DAY B1-9
Solid Gains for Google’s Parent
The company, Alphabet, wowed invest-
ors in its quarterly earnings debut, mak-
ing it likely to become more valuable
than Apple. PAGE B1
NEW YORK A22-25
Threat Behind Bank Counters
Cybertheft gets most of the publicity,
but retail-branch bank tellers and em-
ployees can tap into customers’ person-
al information, and their cash. PAGE A22
SPORTSTUESDAY B10-15
The Fallen God of the Bullring
José Tomás, a celebrated matador, drew
45,000 fans to Mexico City on Sunday,
but his blood was in the sand. PAGE B10
STEPHEN CROWLEY/THE NEW YORK TIMES
DOUG MILLS/THE NEW YORK TIMES
TODD HEISLER/THE NEW YORK TIMES
recurring expense for these at-
tractions — electricity — costs
Aguadilla nothing. It has been
provided free for years by the
power authority, known as Prepa.
In fact, the power authority has
been giving free power to all 78 of
Puerto Rico’s municipalities, to
many of its government-owned
enterprises, even to some for-
profit businesses — although not
to its citizens. It has done so for
decades, even as it has sunk
deeper and deeper in debt, bor-
rowing billions just to stay afloat.
Now, however, the island’s gov-
ernment is running out of cash,
facing a total debt of $72 billion
and already defaulting on some
bonds — and an effort is un-
derway to limit the free electrici-
ty, which is estimated to cost the
power authority hundreds of mil-
lions of dollars.
But like many financial ar-
rangements on the island, the
Continued on Page B4
SCIENCE TIMES D1-6
Meaning of Deathbed Dreams
A team of clinicians and researchers
tries to grasp the importance of dreams
— about everything from family to in-
sects — for people near death. PAGE D1
ARTS C1-8
The Return of O.J. Simpson
The celebrity trial is revisited with a TV
series on FX that is absorbing and thor-
oughly entertaining. A review. PAGE C1
EDITORIAL, OP-ED A26-27
David Brooks PAGE A27
U(D54G1D)y+"!]!$!=!.
CRUZ WINS IN IOWA
WHILE DEMOCRATS
ARE IN VIRTUAL TIE
Showing by Sanders Rubio a Strong 3rd;
Tests Clinton Trump Falters
By PATRICK HEALY
DES MOINES — Hillary Clin-
ton and Senator Bernie Sanders
of Vermont were locked in an in-
tensely tight race in the Iowa
caucuses on Monday as Mrs.
Clinton’s strong support among
women and older voters was
matched by the passionate liberal
foot soldiers whom Mr. Sanders
has been calling to political revo-
lution.
The close results were deeply
unnerving to Mrs. Clinton and
her husband, former President
Bill Clinton, as well as her advis-
ers, some of whom had expressed
growing confidence in recent
days that they had recaptured
political momentum after weeks
when Mr. Sanders was drawing
huge crowds and rising in the
polls. The Clintons had appeared
optimistic at rallies over the
weekend, thanking Iowans for
their support as much as urging
them to turn out to vote.
The close vote means that Mrs.
Clinton and Mr. Sanders are like-
ly to split Iowa’s share of dele-
gates to the Democratic conven-
tion, and Mr. Sanders will be able
to argue that the Iowa result was
a virtual tie.
The Clinton team was counting
on its huge, well-trained army of
volunteers, covering all of Iowa’s
1,681 voting precincts, to counter
the enormous enthusiasm of vot-
ers who jammed into events to
hear Mr. Sanders. But his well-
financed Iowa organization was
able to convert the energy of his
crowds into voters on Monday
night, as he drew huge numbers
of first-time caucusgoers, young
people and liberals who respond-
ed to his rallying cry against the
nation’s “rigged economy.”
The virtual tie between the two
candidates instantly raised the
Continued on Page A16
Democratic Results
PRECINCTS REPORTING: 94%
Hillary Clinton 49.9 %
Bernie Sanders 49.6
Martin O’Malley 0.5
By MARK LANDLER and HELENE COOPER
WASHINGTON — President
Obama plans to substantially in-
crease the deployment of heavy
weapons, armored vehicles and
other equipment to NATO coun-
tries in Central and Eastern Eu-
rope, a move that administration
officials said was aimed at de-
terring Russia from further ag-
gression in the region.
The White House plans to pay
for the additional weapons and
equipment with a budget request
of more than $3.4 billion for mil-
itary spending in Europe in 2017,
several officials said Monday,
more than quadrupling the cur-
rent budget of $789 million. The
weapons and equipment will be
used by American and NATO
forces, ensuring that the alliance
can maintain a full armored com-
47. Tonight, increasing cloudiness, a
shower late, low 42. Tomorrow,
cloudy, heavy rain, windy, milder,
high 57. Weather map, Page A21.
$2.50
By JONATHAN MARTIN
DES MOINES — Senator Ted
Cruz of Texas, powered by a
surge of support from evangelical
Christians, handily defeated Don-
ald J. Trump in the Iowa caucuse-
s on Monday, throwing into
question the depth of support for
Mr. Trump’s unconventional can-
didacy.
In the first contest of what so
far has been more a populist re-
volt against the political order
than a traditional Republican pri-
mary, Senator Marco Rubio of
Florida finished a strong third,
bolstering his case to consolidate
the support of Republicans un-
easy about the two top finishers.
With 98 percent of precincts re-
porting, Mr. Cruz had nearly 28
percent of the vote, Mr. Trump 24
percent and Mr. Rubio 23 per-
cent.
On the Democratic side, Hilla-
ry Clinton and Senator Bernie
Sanders of Vermont were locked
in a tight race, with Mrs. Clinton
holding a slight edge in incom-
plete returns. A third candidate,
Gov. Martin O’Malley of Mary-
land, withdrew from the cam-
paign.
Mr. Cruz’s victory was hard-
earned. He fought off a barrage of
attacks in the campaign’s final
weeks from Mr. Trump as well as
from Iowa’s longtime governor,
Terry E. Branstad, and Repub-
lican leaders in Washington who
warned that the hard-line Mr.
Cruz would lead the party to elec-
toral disaster this fall.
Having felled the brash Mr.
Trump, who unceasingly predict-
ed victory and dominated the
race right up until the first actual
voting, Mr. Cruz can now credibly
portray himself, to conservatives
who have yearned to unite be-
hind a strong champion, as a gi-
Continued on Page A18
Republican Results
PRECINCTS REPORTING: 98%
Ted Cruz 27.7 %
Donald J. Trump 24.3
Marco Rubio 23.1
bat brigade in the region at all
times.
Though Russia’s military activ-
ity has quieted in eastern
Ukraine in recent months, Mos-
cow continues to maintain a pres-
ence there, working with pro-
Russian local forces. Administra-
tion officials said the additional
NATO forces were calculated to
send a signal to President Vladi-
mir V. Putin that the West re-
mained deeply suspicious of his
motives in the region.
“This is not a response to
something that happened last
Tuesday,” a senior administration
official said. “This is a longer-
term response to a changed secu-
rity environment in Europe. This
reflects a new situation, where
Continued on Page A6
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P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m
A2 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 2016
Inside The Times
©2016 CHANEL®, Inc.
Caviar tote
57TH STREET MADISON AVENUE SOHO SHORT HILLS
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A MYSTERY TOLD IN MOVEMENT Steve Paxton’s first foray into opera, “Quicksand” — a mystery story— is driven by the rhythm of words,
light and bodies. Maura Gahan, left, and Jurij Konjar performing at The Kitchen in New York on Jan. 27. PAGE C3
INTERNATIONAL
Suicide Bomber Kills
At Least 20 Police Officers
A Taliban suicide bomber struck
near a Kabul police complex in Af-
ghanistan, the latest in a series of
militant attacks this year. PAGE A6
Video Sparks Fear in Russia
Members of Russia’s political oppo-
sition reacted with fear and outrage
after one of President Vladimir V.
Putin’s allies posted a video online
that appeared to show a Kremlin
critic in the cross hairs of a sniper’s
rifle. PAGE A6
China’s Wildlife Law
A proposed revision to China’s Wild-
life Protection Law is being criti-
cized by conservationists who fear it
could legitimize the commercial ex-
ploitation of endangered species.
PAGE A11
OYSTER PERPETUAL SUBMARINER DATE
rolex oyster perpetual
and submariner are trademarks.
INTO THE WOODS Skiers exploring Great Camp Santanoni in Newcomb,
N.Y., a historic winter wonderland in the Adirondack woods. PAGE A22
Corrections
FRONT PAGE
An article on Saturday about
the killing of Deven Black, 62, in a
Harlem shelter misidentified the
two people shown in a picture
that Mr. Black had posted on
Facebook. It was Mr. Black and
his mother, not his wife and son.
The article also misspelled, in
some editions, the name of the
store that employed Anthony
White, the man accused of killing
Mr. Black. It is J.C. Penney, not
J.C. Penney’s.
INTERNATIONAL
An article on Jan. 4 about the
basic differences between Shia
and Sunni Islam referred incor-
rectly to the Prophet Muham-
mad’s succession. It is a matter of
dispute; all Muslims do not agree
that he died without appointing a
successor. (Although Sunnis be-
lieve this, Shiites believe that he
chose Ali, his cousin and son-in-
law.) And because of an editing
error, the article referred incor-
rectly to Ali at one point. The
Sunnis believe that he and the
three caliphs before him were all
rightly guided and therefore enti-
tled to succeed the prophet; Ali is
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NATIONAL
An Outsider Candidate,
Already in the White House
Barack Obama is a president who
changed the way Americans think
about the qualifications and experi-
ence necessary to be president.
On Washington. PAGE A13
Fire Destroys a Local Legend
When Edwards Virginia Smoke-
house in Surry, Va., burned to the
ground, it left a close-knit communi-
ty in shock, destroying a business
that is deeply embedded in local
lore. PAGE A14
Residents Confront Protest
Local residents furious about the
armed occupation of a federal wild-
life refuge in eastern Oregon faced
off in force against antigovernment
protesters who support the occupa-
tion. PAGE A20
NANCIE BATTAGLIA FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
not excluded from this list.
BUSINESS DAY
An article on Monday about
Microsoft’s testing of underwater
data centers misstated the title of
Norman Whitaker, Microsoft’s
managing director for special
projects, when he was at the De-
fense Advanced Research
Projects Agency. He was a for-
mer deputy director of the agen-
cy’s Information Innovation Of-
fice; he was not the former depu-
ty director of Darpa.
An article on Friday about the
possibility that Volkswagen may
need to buy back some diesel
models sold in the United States
because they cannot be modified
to meet American emission
standards misidentified a VW
diesel sport utility vehicle sold in
the United States. It is the Toua-
reg, not the Tiguan.
SPORTS
An article on Jan. 21 about John
Scott, who was voted into the
N.H.L. All-Star Game, then trad-
ed and demoted to the minor
leagues, referred incorrectly to
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JULIETA CERVANTES FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
BUSINESS
QUOTATION OF THE DAY
General Electric Shifting
From CFL to LED Bulbs
The industrial giant General Elec-
tric is saying farewell to the com-
‘‘ Imagine how much it
costs to have an ice-skat-
ing rink in the tropics.
pact fluorescent light, or CFL. It
says it will stop making and selling
the bulbs in the United States by the
SERGIO MARXUACH,
the policy director at a nonpar-
’’
end of the year. PAGE B3 tisan research group in San
Juan, on why Puerto Rico’s
Ponzi Scheme in China power authority may have
piled up $9 billion in debt. [A1]
A Chinese online finance company
bilked investors out of more than
$7.6 billion, spent lavishly on gifts
ARTS
and salaries and buried the evi-
dence, according to local authorities
who described the operation as an Painting Held in Storage
enormous Ponzi scheme. PAGE B3 May Be Work of Master
A 16th-century oil on panel largely
NEW YORK kept in storage at a Kansas City,
Mo., museum is a work by the Dutch
Uber Drivers in City master Hieronymus Bosch, re-
searchers said. PAGE C1
Protest Fare Cuts
Weeks after Uber announced that it
was slashing prices for rides, hun-
SCIENCE TIMES
dreds of drivers gathered at the
New York City headquarters of the At Museum of Mathematics,
ride-hailing service with a demand Trouble With an Exhibition
of their own: Restore prices or face The latest exhibition at the National
a backlash. PAGE A24 Museum of Mathematics is called
Beaver Run, but the way things had
SPORTS been going, Beaver Derailment
would have been a more accurate
In the N.F.L., It’s Unclear description of the project. PAGE D3
What Constitutes a Catch
Just in the last 50 years there have OP-ED
been 392,218 completed regular-sea-
son passes in the N.F.L. Today, Roger Cohen PAGE A27
though, it has never been more diffi-
cult to understand what constitutes
Crossword C6
a catch in football. PAGE B10
Obituaries B15-16
Brazilian Players in China TV Listings C7
Weather A21
Last year, teams from China’s Super
League bought the Brazilian Classified Ads B12
league’s two best players, and the Commercial
exodus is continuing. PAGE B11 Real Estate Marketplace B6
the twins his wife is expecting. THE ARTS
They will be the couple’s third
A report in the “Arts, Briefly”
and fourth children, not their
column on Thursday about the
first. (They have two daughters.)
Broadway debut of Cate Blan-
chett next season misstated the
A report in the N.F.L. roundup
number of times she has been
on Saturday about a decision by
nominated for an Academy
the Chargers to stay in San Diego
Award. It is seven, not six.
for the 2016 season misstated the
given name of a San Diego Coun-
ty supervisor. He is Ron Roberts, WEEKEND
not Dave.
A music review on Friday
about a birthday celebration for
Because of an editing error, a
Joan Baez, at the Beacon Theater
picture caption on Friday with an
article about the Tampa Bay in Manhattan, misidentified the
Lightning’s rebounding from a writer of the song “God Is God.”
slow start to the N.H.L. season It is by Steve Earle, not Ms. Baez.
misstated, in some editions, the
point at which the photograph of A theater review on Friday
Lightning players was taken. It about “Sojourners,” at the Peter
was during the first period of a Jay Sharp Theater in Manhattan,
1-0 victory over the Maple Leafs misspelled the surname of an ac-
last Wednesday, not after the tor. She is Chinasa Ogbuagu, not
game. Ogbuaga.
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.
Weak Negotiating Position:
Medicare Often Can’t Say No
Government dealing
directly with drug
makers won’t make a
big dent in prices.
By MARGOT SANGER-KATZ
A good negotiator needs to be
able to walk away.
That is a rule that, surely, Don-
ald Trump knows. And yet in sug-
gesting that Medicare could find
big discounts by letting the gov-
ernment negotiate directly over
drug prices, he seems to have for-
gotten it.
Mr. Trump has joined Hillary
Clinton and Bernie Sanders in
calling for a federal government
program to negotiate for Medi-
care’s drug prices. The current
system has private insurance
companies each negotiate sep-
arate deals on behalf of large
groups of Medicare patients.
Right now, the program is O.K. at
negotiating, saving as much as 30
percent off the list price of drugs,
according to government reports.
But Medicare still pays much,
much more than government
health systems in other coun-
tries.
The idea of government direct-
ly negotiating with drug makers
has been a liberal favorite ever
since Medicare began paying for
drugs 10 years ago. You can see
the appeal. The thinking goes like
this: Medicare’s drug plans cover
about 37 million people. Maybe if
it bargained on behalf of all those
beneficiaries as one, instead of di-
viding them into a series of small-
er groups, it could get better
deals. Other countries, like Brit-
ain, where the government pur-
chases drugs for everyone in
bulk, pay much, much less for
drugs than the United States. In
those countries, private compa-
nies don’t do the negotiating; the
government does. And they don’t
split the big market.
“We don’t do it,” Mr. Trump
said at a Farmington, N.H., cam-
paign event, according to The As-
sociated Press. “Why? Because
of drug companies.”
But if you talk to experts who
study the pharmaceutical market
Your Team Made the Super Bowl? Get a Flu Shot
By AUSTIN FRAKT
If your home team is playing in
the Super Bowl (looking at you,
Denver Broncos and Carolina
Panthers fans), the parties you
attend could give you more than
just heartburn, a hangover or
temporary psychological pain.
They could give you the flu.
According to a new study pub-
lished in the American Journal of
Health Economics, the death rate
from the flu is appreciably higher
among those whose home team
makes it to the Super Bowl.
This seemingly puzzling find-
ing actually makes some sense.
The game occurs during the
heart of flu season and is the rea-
son for the mingling at Super
Bowl parties. And fans with their
team in the game are probably
more likely to attend one.
The flu virus can spread when-
ever a person with it releases
droplets of saliva — by coughing,
sneezing or even talking — with-
in six feet of someone without it.
At a Super Bowl party, people are
mingling closely.
The Super Bowl is far from the
only event that increases flu
transmission. Anything that puts
Austin Frakt is a health economist
with several governmental and
academic affiliations.
in the United States, they aren’t
optimistic that, by itself, letting
the government play drug negoti-
ator would take a big bite out of
prescription drug spending.
For one, the companies that
run the Medicare drug plans are
not really that small, because
they also provide drug benefits to
companies and individuals with
health insurance. The largest
pharmacy benefit manager, Ex-
press Scripts, covers more than
85 million Americans. Other big
pharmacy benefit managers in-
clude CVS/Caremark and
OptumRx.
But size isn’t the only issue.
The real problem is that Medi-
care can very rarely say “No
way” to a drug company. Medi-
care beneficiaries wanted the
program to cover most drugs
that older people would want to
use. So Congress put in place
rules that strengthen the hand of
more people in close contact dur-
ing flu season does so. One study
found that the reduction in air
travel after the Sept. 11 terrorist
attacks postponed that year’s flu
peak by almost two weeks. The
holiday closure of schools in
France reduces flu cases by
about 17 percent, according to an-
other study.
Flu rates were higher at the
Salt Lake City Winter Olympics
in 2002, large music festivals in
Hungary and Belgium, and the
hajj pilgrimage. It’s likely that
other large gatherings during the
flu season lead to greater trans-
mission and mortality as well;
they just haven’t been studied.
But the Super Bowl provided a
convenient natural experiment.
The economists who worked on
the study — Charles Stoecker
and Alan Barreca, from Tulane,
and Nicholas Sanders, from Cor-
nell — compared deaths of peo-
ple who lived near Super Bowl-
participating teams with those
who lived near other N.F.L.
teams. Using mortality data from
1974 to 2009, the researchers
found that areas that send teams
to the Super Bowl experience an
18 percent increase in flu deaths
in those years, relative to other
years and areas with an N.F.L.
team not in the Super Bowl.
THE NEW YORK TIMES, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 2016
JODY BARTON
the drug companies in negotia-
tions.
Medicare is required to cover
almost every cancer treatment
that is approved by the Food and
Drug Administration, for exam-
ple, one of six categories where
the drug plans can almost never
say no to the drug companies. If a
drug maker comes out with a
new cancer medicine with a sky-
high price, there’s little a Medi-
care plan can do to talk it down.
“If you say, ‘We need to get
lower prices,’ and they just say,
“no,” what are you going to do?”
asked Walid Gellad, an associate
professor of medicine and the co-
director of the Center for Phar-
maceutical Policy and Prescrib-
ing at the University of Pitts-
burgh.
The Congressional Budget Of-
fice has examined several pro-
posals to allow the government to
negotiate on drug prices, and it
ILLUSTRATION BY ANTONIO DE LUCA/SHUTTERSTOCK.COM
Across all ages, 5.6 people per
million die from the flu, a rate
that increases to about 6.6 in Su-
per Bowl-contending areas. Flu
deaths are concentrated among
those 65 years and older — 40.7
people per million die from the
flu. In Super Bowl-contending
areas, that figure jumps to 48.
ONLINE: NEW AT THE UPSHOT
Analysis of the Iowa caucuses
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politics, policy and everyday life.
The flu also leads to doctor vis-
its, hospitalizations and missed
work and school. All told, the flu’s
annual cost is about $100 billion
nationally.
The mortality impact is about
seven times larger when the peak
of the flu season occurs closer to
the Super Bowl than when it is
held about three weeks or more
before or after the peak. During
years of more virulent flu strains,
mortality effects are stronger.
Some N.F.L. teams’ regions are
more prone to the flu and flu mor-
tality than others, because of dif-
N A3
©T&CO. 2016
has repeatedly said that the sav-
ings would be “negligible” with-
out other major policy changes.
Medicare’s actuary has reached
similar conclusions.
“To negotiate prices any fur-
ther, the government would need
to impose access or coverage re-
strictions on medicines,” said
Doug Elmendorf, testifying be-
fore Congress in 2009. Elmendorf
was the director of the budget of-
fice then; he is now the dean of
the John F. Kennedy School of
Government at Harvard.
The government does have one
program that can say “no” to
drug companies, and it gets much
better deals than Medicare. The
Department of Veterans Affairs
negotiates hard with drug mak-
ers. But it is also bound by fewer
rules than Medicare, and one re-
sult is that it covers far fewer
drugs.
A 2011 analysis by Austin
Frakt, an economist and Upshot TIFFANY VICTORIA®
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drugs they were previously tak-
ing. In fact, many older patients
who get their health insurance
from the V.A. also sign up for
Medicare drug plans to cover
medicines that the V.A. won’t.
Other countries act more like
the V.A. than Medicare. In Brit-
ain, drug makers that won’t ne-
gotiate won’t be able to sell any
drugs at all. That’s real leverage,
but it also means that patients in
England don’t have access to all
the drugs that older people in the
United States might want to take.
The trade-offs between price
and generosity are real and
wrenching. None of the candi-
dates currently talking about al-
lowing Medicare to negotiate for
drugs have endorsed allowing
Medicare to say no more often.
Bernie Sanders’s plan strongly
suggests that all drugs would be
covered with no co-payments at
all. Such a plan might make the
government a more generous in-
surer than it is now, but could
also result in even higher drug
prices.
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ferences in weather and demo-
graphics, which can be statis-
tically controlled.
The researchers also found
that flu mortality didn’t increase
in Super Bowl-contending areas
a year or two before or after their
teams went to the game. In other
words, their results are not driv-
en by generally higher flu mor-
tality in some regions than others
— it’s the Super Bowl that makes
the difference.
What can Super Bowl fans do
to prevent the spread of the flu?
Avoiding close contact with oth-
ers who might be sick is an obvi-
ous way to reduce the chances of
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getting the flu. But those who
don’t want to miss Super Bowl
parties and other gatherings dur-
ing flu season can take other
steps to reduce the risk.
The Centers for Disease Con-
trol and Prevention recommends
that people get the flu vaccine;
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m
wash their hands frequently;
avoid touching their eyes, nose
and mouth; and clean surfaces at
The Nail Ring
home. Those hosting Super Bowl From $2950
parties — whether in Denver and
Charlotte, N.C., or elsewhere — 942 Madison Avenue
might supplement the beer and 212.421.3030
snacks with some hand sanitizer,
and suggest to guests that a dab
with each score could be part of
the celebration.
A4 ØN +
TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 2016
Britain Allows
New Method
To Edit Genes
By NICHOLAS WADE
A British researcher has received
permission to use a powerful new ge-
nome editing technique on human em-
bryos, even though researchers
throughout the world are observing a
voluntary moratorium on making
changes to DNA that could be passed
down to subsequent generations.
The British experiment would not
contravene the moratorium because
there is no intention to implant the al-
tered embryos in a womb. But it brings
one step closer the fateful decision of
whether to alter the human germ line
for medical or other purposes.
The new genetic editing technique,
known as Crispr or Crispr-Cas9, lets re-
searchers perform cut-and-paste opera-
tions on DNA, the hereditary material,
with unprecedented ease and precision.
Unlike most types of gene therapy, a
longstanding approach that aims to al-
ter only adult human tissues that die
with the patient, the Crispr technique
could be used to change human eggs,
sperm and early embryos, and such al-
terations would be inherited by the pa-
tient’s children. Because changing the
human germ line is perceived to hold
far-reaching consequences, the leading
scientific academies of the United
States, Britain and China issued a joint
statement in December asking re-
searchers around the world to hold off
on altering human inheritance.
A British regulatory agency that
oversees reproductive biology, the Hu-
man Fertilization and Embryology Au-
thority, on Monday approved an appli-
cation by Kathy Niakan, of the Francis
Crick Institute in London, to alter hu-
man embryos with the Crispr tech-
nique. Dr. Niakan, a developmental biol-
ogist, has no intention of implanting the
altered embryos in a womb. According
to a report in Nature, she will let the em-
bryos expire when they are seven days
old and have reached the blastocyst, or
Approval for a study using
a technique that many are
avoiding for now.
implantation, stage. The usual source of
such embryos is fertility clinics that
have generated more than their clients
need.
Dr. Niakan’s goal is to understand the
cascade of genetic switches that are
thrown as the fertilized egg progresses
through its first few divisions. Her ex-
periment will lead to no specific medical
treatment, only to better knowledge of
the basic biology of development. This
may prove useful in treating certain
cases of infertility, given that many fer-
tilized eggs fail before they reach the
blastocyst stage.
The cascade of switches, beginning
with the activation of a gene known as
Oct4, has been well worked out in mice,
but researchers would like to know how
similar the process is in humans. Practi-
cal treatments developed from this
knowledge would not necessarily re-
quire Crispr.
British researchers have pioneered
many advances in reproductive biology,
including the first test-tube baby, em-
bryonic stem cells (at least in mice,
from which it was easy for others to
adapt the technique to humans) and mi-
tochondrial replacement therapy. They
may now be able to seize the lead in ex-
ploring the early stages of human em-
bryology. In the United States, Congress
has forbidden the government to sup-
port research in which a human embryo
is destroyed, although the ban does not
apply to privately funded researchers.
In April 2015, in the first known use of
Crispr on human embryos, researchers
led by Junjiu Huang of Sun Yat-sen Uni-
versity in China tried to correct a de-
fective gene that causes a blood dis-
order known as beta thalassemia.
Though the experiment was ethically
defensible — all the embryos were unvi-
able because of a fatal defect — it also
demonstrated the possible dangers of
the technique because of the many
things that went wrong. It was this ex-
periment that gave urgency to the steps
leading to the three academies’ call for
a worldwide moratorium on modifying
the human germ line.
David Baltimore, a leading biologist
at the California Institute of Technology
who helped organize the moratorium,
said the proposed experiment appeared
to be consistent with the principles laid
out by the academies. Many such ex-
periments are impossible for govern-
ment-funded researchers in the United
States because of the congressional ban,
but “luckily, private and state funding
sources are available to carry forward
such work,” Dr. Baltimore said.
George Q. Daley, a stem cell biologist
at Boston Children’s Hospital, said Dr.
Niakan’s study of human embryos was
“critical because we know them to be
quite different from embryos of mice”
and other mammals studied in laborato-
ries. Congress’s restriction on human
embryo research, he said, “puts us at a
competitive disadvantage” with respect
to Britain, “where many major discov-
eries have been made in human devel-
opment.”
Top Chef’s Death Shines Light on a High-Pressure World
By DAN BILEFSKY
and KIM SEVERSON
In the rarefied galaxy of restaurants
that have received the Michelin guide’s
highest honor, three stars, Benoît Vio-
lier’s, in Switzerland, was by one meas-
ure the most glittering.
Only two months ago his establish-
ment, the Restaurant de l’Hôtel de
Ville in Crissier, near Lausanne, was
designated the best restaurant in the
world in La Liste, rankings commis-
sioned by the French Foreign Ministry
— an honor that only added luster to
the glory of French chefs (he was born
in France) in the face of competition
from plucky foreign rivals.
But on Monday, his friends and asso-
ciates in the restaurant industry were
groping to understand why Mr. Violier,
at 44, had apparently shot himself to
death over the weekend at his home in
Crissier. And they asked whether he
was the latest victim of a high-pressure
world that demands perfection, shuns
signs of weakness and promotes a cul-
ture where culinary demigods can be
demoted with the stroke of a pen.
Mr. Violier, a perfectionist known for
his acumen in cooking game, ran the
Restaurant de l’Hôtel de Ville with his
wife, Brigitte. It has been awarded
Out of Harm’s Way
A listing, out-of-control cargo ship from Panama on a collision course with the French coast has been moved out of danger, French maritime officials said
Monday. The ship, the Modern Express, had been adrift in the Bay of Biscay between Spain and France since early last week, when it began to tilt.
First Freely Elected Parliament in Decades Opens in Myanmar
By SEWELL CHAN
Myanmar’s first freely elected Par-
liament after half a century of military
rule opened on Monday, a symbolic but
critical milestone in the country’s frag-
ile transition to democracy, and a mo-
ment long awaited by Daw Aung San
Suu Kyi, the leader of the nation’s de-
mocracy movement.
Ms. Aung San Suu Kyi entered the
parliamentary chambers in Naypyi-
daw, the capital, through a side door.
The chamber was swathed in orange —
the color of her National League for
Democracy Party, which overwhelm-
ingly won a landmark election on Nov.
8. The military, as part of a complex po-
litical transition that has unfolded
since 2010, retains 25 percent of the
seats in both houses; its members
wore green uniforms.
At least 110 of the party’s 390 mem-
bers in the new Parliament are, like
Ms. Aung San Suu Kyi, former political
prisoners. They were formally in-
stalled on Monday following an unusu-
ally jubilant celebration on Friday, with
karaoke singing and dancing, to mark
the end of the military-led Parliament.
“The honeymoon period will be
brief,” U Aung Zaw, an influential jour-
nalist who returned to Myanmar in
2012 after 24 years in exile, wrote on
Monday on the website of his publica-
tion, The Irrawaddy. “All the hard work
lies ahead.”
Still, he called the opening of Parlia-
ment “a momentous day for Burma,”
which was the country’s official name
until 1989 and is still used by many in
Myanmar.
The lower house of the new Parlia-
ment elected U Win Myint, a lawyer
from Ms. Aung San Suu Kyi’s political
party and a former political prisoner,
as its new speaker. But in a sign of con-
ciliation, lawmakers picked as deputy
speaker U Ti Khun Myat, a member of
the Kachin ethnic minority and a rep-
Benoît Violier in 2013 at his restaurant in Crissier, Switzerland.
three Michelin stars and in December
took the No. 1 spot in La Liste, France’s
ranking of 1,000 restaurants in 48 coun-
tries.
The death was also provoking de-
bate in the industry as to whether suffi-
resentative of the military-affiliated
Union Solidarity and Development
Party, which is now the party in opposi-
tion.
President Thein Sein, a former gen-
eral who leads that party, gave a
speech on Friday promoting the coun-
try’s “democratic transformation.” As
the prime minister from 2007 to 2011,
Mr. Thein Sein helped to establish a
military-led civilian government and to
pave the way for the end of the military
junta’s monopoly on power, which it
had held since a 1962 coup. The transi-
tion included Ms. Aung San Suu Kyi’s
release from house arrest in 2010, a
parliamentary by-election in 2012 that
put her in Parliament, improved rela-
tions with the United States and the
European Union, and the easing of
some economic sanctions.
Mr. Thein Sein is to step down in
March, and the new Parliament will
Daw Aung San Suu Kyi, the leader of Myanmar’s democracy movement,
arrived for a session of Parliament in Naypyidaw, the capital, on Monday.
NIELS ACKERMANN/LUNDI13
cient support structures were available
for chefs grappling with the pressures
of a physically and mentally demand-
ing job that can be in thrall to capri-
cious rankings and unforgiving food
critics.
LOIC BERNARDIN/AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE — GETTY IMAGES
choose his successor. But under the
new Constitution, which was drawn up
by the previous military-led govern-
ment and accepted by Ms. Aung San
Suu Kyi, the democracy leader is not
eligible for the position because of the
foreign citizenship of her husband —
the British historian Michael Aris, who
died in 1999 — and her two sons, who
hold British citizenship.
Ms. Aung San Suu Kyi, who spent 15
years under house arrest under the
former military government, said last
year that a victory by her party would
put her “above the president,” suggest-
ing that the next president would be, if
not largely ceremonial, a loyalist es-
sentially governing on her behalf.
The National League for Democracy
has been consumed with speculation
about possible candidates for presi-
dent. Among the names being men-
tioned are Ms. Aung San Suu Kyi’s
YE AUNG THU/AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE — GETTY IMAGES
In the United States, the close-knit
restaurant world was shaken in April
when Homaro Cantu, 38, the innova-
tive chef behind Moto, a Michelin-
starred avant-garde restaurant in Chi-
cago’s meatpacking district, hanged
himself. He also owned a cafe, Berrista.
Fellow chefs asked whether he had
taken on too much and succumbed, as
a celebrity chef, to the seemingly im-
possible demands for culinary prow-
ess, media swagger and empire-build-
ing.
In 2003, Bernard Loiseau, the chef
and owner of the Côte d’Or, a Michelin
three-star restaurant in the Burgundy
region of France, committed suicide in
his home at the age of 52. The French
news media said he had been dis-
traught over a slight demotion in the
Gault & Millau guide, one of the
world’s most influential arbiters of cu-
linary excellence, and was worried
that he could lose a star in the next edi-
tion of the Michelin guide, widely con-
sidered the most powerful of them.
“It can’t keep happening; it just
can’t,” the food writer Kat Kinsman
said on Monday. In January she start-
ed Chefs With Issues, a project aimed
at illuminating the job-related stresses
Continued on Page A9
longtime personal physician, U Tin
Myo Win, who was one of the few peo-
ple allowed to visit her during her
years in detention; a lawmaker, Daw
Su Su Lwin, and her husband, U Htin
Kyaw, both democratic activists; and U
Tin Oo, a former military commander
in his late 80s who threw his support
behind the 1988 democratic uprising
that led to the party’s landslide elec-
tion victory in 1990. (The junta refused
to recognize the results.)
The military, which still controls
three important ministries under the
new Constitution, remains a key force
in the country.
In an email, Mr. Aung Zaw, the jour-
nalist, predicted that the National
League for Democracy, despite its
overwhelming victory last fall, would
move carefully in forming a new gov-
ernment, which will take office in April.
“This is a new political beginning in
Burma,” he wrote. “There is definitely
renewed hope among people.”
Myanmar, a nation of 53 million peo-
ple, faces enormous challenges, includ-
ing widespread poverty, an underde-
veloped economy and environmental
degradation. There are still political
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prisoners, and Ms. Aung San Suu Kyi
has faced criticism for not responding
more aggressively to deadly violence
by members of the country’s Buddhist
majority against the Rohingya, a Mus-
lim ethnic group.
The ambassadors from Britain and
the European Union were among the
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m
dignitaries at the opening of Parlia-
ment on Monday. On Thursday, the
Senate Foreign Relations Committee
approved the nomination of Scot Mar-
ciel, a career diplomat, to be the new
American ambassador to Myanmar.
This came after the Obama administra-
tion had assured lawmakers that it
would not move hastily to lift sanctions
until the human rights situation
showed demonstrable improvement.
 THE NEW YORK TIMES, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 2016
A5 N

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A6 Ø N + THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 2016
U.S., in a Signal to Putin,
Fortifies Eastern Europe
By MARK LANDLER
and HELENE COOPER
WASHINGTON — President
Obama plans to substantially in-
crease the deployment of heavy
weapons, armored vehicles and
other equipment to NATO coun-
tries in Central and Eastern Eu-
rope, a move that administration
officials said was aimed at de-
terring Russia from further ag-
gression in the region.
The White House plans to pay
for the additional weapons and
equipment with a budget request
of more than $3.4 billion for mil-
itary spending in Europe in 2017,
several officials said Monday,
more than quadrupling the cur-
rent budget of $789 million. The
weapons and equipment will be
used by American and NATO
forces, ensuring that the alliance
can maintain a full armored com-
bat brigade in the region at all
times.
Though Russia’s military activ-
ity has quieted in eastern
Ukraine in recent months, Mos-
cow continues to maintain a pres-
ence there, working with pro-
Russian local forces. Administra-
tion officials said the additional
NATO forces were calculated to
send a signal to President Vladi-
mir V. Putin that the West re-
mained deeply suspicious of his
motives in the region.
“This is not a response to
something that happened last
Tuesday,” a senior administration
official said. “This is a longer-
term response to a changed secu-
rity environment in Europe. This
reflects a new situation, where
Russia has become a more diffi-
cult actor.”
It is not clear how Russia will
react to the fortified military
presence along NATO’s eastern
flank. Since the signing of a
cease-fire agreement last year,
Mr. Putin’s government has tried
to ease tensions with the West.
Officials said the Russian govern-
ment was eager for the United
States and Europe to roll back
economic sanctions, which sug-
Eric Schmitt contributed report-
ing.
Menacing Video Posted by Chechen Leader Alarms Critics of Putin in Russia
By NEIL MacFARQUHAR
MOSCOW — Members of Rus-
sia’s political opposition reacted
with fear and outrage on Monday
after one of President Vladimir V.
Putin’s most loyal and aggressive
allies posted a menacing video
online that appeared to show a
Kremlin critic in the cross hairs
of a sniper’s rifle.
The video, posted to the Insta-
gram account of Ramzan Kady-
rov, the leader of Chechnya,
shows Mikhail M. Kasyanov, a
former prime minister of Russia
turned Putin critic, on a visit to
Strasbourg, France, with another
opposition politician, Vladimir
Kara-Murza.
Mr. Kadyrov, a former Islamist
rebel, has repeatedly criticized
opposition figures as traitors try-
ing to undermine Russia for the
benefit of their Western masters,
and has called for the use of Sovi-
et-era tactics against “enemies of
the people,” who he has said
should be put on trial or commit-
ted to psychiatric wards.
In the Instagram post, Mr.
Kadyrov wrote that the men
were in France seeking money
for the opposition, and he includ-
ed four emojis representing bags
of cash.
The video, posted on Sunday,
received more than 17,500 likes in
24 hours before it was removed
on Monday. Mr. Kadyrov seemed
to accuse Instagram of censoring
him because of his anti-American
views. “As soon as I said a few
Taliban Suicide Bomber Kills at Least 20 Police Officers
By MUJIB MASHAL
KABUL, Afghanistan — A Tali-
ban suicide bomber struck near a
Kabul police complex on Monday,
killing at least 20 police officers
and wounding 29 people, Afghan
officials said, in the latest of a
rapid-fire series of militant at-
tacks on the capital this year.
The attack came as the Ameri-
can military issued a grim confir-
mation of the war’s toll on the Af-
ghan security forces, saying that
casualties among Afghan sol-
diers and police officers had risen
by almost a third in 2015, com-
pared with a record casualty rate
in 2014 that some officials then
considered unsustainable.
Sediq Sediqqi, a spokesman for
the Afghan Interior Ministry,
said the attack on Monday hap-
pened near the gate of the Na-
tional Civil Order Police. Witness-
es said the bomber had walked
up to a line of visitors waiting for
a security check and detonated
his explosives.
Ahmad Shakib contributed re-
porting from Kabul, and Taimoor
Shah from Kandahar, Afghani-
stan.
gested that it would not escalate
tensions over the new military
commitments.
But outside analysts were sur-
prised by the magnitude of the in-
crease in military funding for Eu-
rope, which is part of an overall
budget request of $580 billion for
the Pentagon. Mr. Obama, ac-
cording to a defense official, is
also going to ask Congress for a
35 percent increase — $7 billion
— to fight Islamic State mili-
tants. 
Some analysts said the in-
creased funding and deploy-
ments would certainly rattle Rus-
sia. Among the countries where
the equipment and additional
forces could be deployed are
Hungary, Romania and the Baltic
countries, Pentagon officials said.
“This is a really big deal, and
the Russians are going to have a
cow,” said Evelyn N. Farkas, who
until October was the Pentagon’s
top policy official on Russia and
Ukraine. “It’s a huge sign of com-
mitment to deterring Russia, and
to strengthening our alliance and
our partnership with countries
like Ukraine, Moldova and Geor-
gia.”
While the increase in funding
for Europe is significant, the ad-
ministration is proposing that the
money come from a separate
war-funding account that is
meant to pay for operations in
the conflicts in Iraq and Syria, as
well as the continued American
military presence in Afghanistan.
That means it is a one-time re-
quest, not necessarily a continu-
ing commitment built in to budg-
et requests beyond 2017, officials
said.
“It’s a way to get around the
budget caps” imposed on the
Pentagon, said Todd Harrison, di-
rector of defense budget analysis
at the Center for Strategic and In-
ternational Studies in Washing-
ton.
But, Mr. Harrison added, the
budget workaround may not suc-
ceed in reassuring fretful Eastern
European allies because it leaves
the decision on what do about fu-
ture military spending in Europe
for the next administration.
“If you want to be reassuring
words about the U.S. hellhounds,
they have deleted my post on
Instagram,” he wrote, referring
to Mr. Kasyanov and Mr. Kara-
Murza. “Here you have it, the cel-
ebrated American freedom of
speech!”
A spokeswoman for the social
network said in an email that the
post was removed because it vio-
lated Instagram’s guidelines
against threats or harassment.
The video was posted just
weeks before the anniversary of
the assassination of Boris Nem-
tsov, a prominent opposition fig-
ure gunned down last February
in Moscow.
Five Chechen men were
charged with Mr. Nemtsov’s
murder, including a former mem-
ber of Chechnya’s security forces
whom Mr. Kadyrov praised as a
patriot.
Mr. Kasyanov, who served as
prime minister of Russia under
Mr. Putin from May 2000 to Feb-
ruary 2004, called the video “in-
citement to murder” and asked
Mr. Putin to condemn it.
It is unclear why Mr. Kadyrov
recently intensified his online at-
tacks on the small, largely inef-
fective opposition to Mr. Putin.
In an interview in January, Mr.
Kadyrov likened some politi-
cians, activists and journalists in
Russia to enemies of the state
who should be tried for treason.
And he wrote in an online editori-
al in Izvestia, a Russian newspa-
per, that a psychiatric hospital in
A statement from a Taliban
spokesman, Zabihullah Mujahid,
claimed responsibility for the at-
tack, saying the bomber had tar-
geted the complex as a large
group of police officers was leav-
ing.
Dozens of police officers cor-
doned off the sidewalk at the site
of the bombing. But the main
road, one of the busiest in Kabul,
stayed open to traffic. Human re-
mains were still visible even after
firefighters hosed down the area.
“You see that tree? The
branches are covered in flesh and
blood,” said Ahmad Parwiz, who
sells fried dough across the street
from the National Civil Order Po-
lice. “There were a lot of visitors
queued up to go inside when the
explosion happened. Thank God
we weren’t hurt on this side of
the road.”
Intense Taliban offensives this
winter, including the string of
bombings in Kabul, have Afghan
and Western officials increasing-
ly worried about the pressure on
the Afghan security forces.
Col. Michael T. Lawhorn, a
spokesman for NATO and United
States forces in Afghanistan, said
Lithuanian soldiers inspected a United States Army Stryker vehicle last year during an exercise. Lithuania and its Baltic neigh-
bors, Estonia and Latvia, are among the NATO countries that have been asking for a statement of American military support.
to our allies in Europe,” he said,
“you’ve got to show you’ve got a
future plan.”
Administration officials said
the new investments were not
just about deterring Russia. The
weapons and equipment could
also be deployed along NATO’s
southern flank, where they could
help in the fight against the Is-
lamic State or in dealing with the
influx of migrants from Syria.
“Initially, we were focusing on
reassurance,” said one of the sen-
ior officials, who, like the others,
spoke on the condition of ano-
nymity to discuss internal mil-
itary planning. “But while that
was happening, we were step-
ping back and asking how to ad-
dress the changed environment
in a more programmatic and con-
sistent way.”
Still, there is no doubt the pri-
mary target of the funding is Rus-
A post on the Instagram account of Ramzan Kadyrov appeared
to show a Russian opposition politician in the cross hairs.
Chechnya could admit govern-
ment critics.
Those “who dream about the
destruction of our state may nev-
er wash off the stink of the cow-
ardly dog,” he wrote, adding that
the Chechen hospital would be
liberal with the needle. “Wherev-
er one injection is prescribed, we
can make two,” he wrote.
A top aide to Mr. Kadyrov then
posted a picture of the Chechen
leader handling an aggressive
Circassian shepherd named Tar-
zan, whose “fangs were itching”
to bite important opposition fig-
ures. “We can barely restrain
him,” the aide wrote in an online
posting. “Just imagine what
would happen if it weren’t for de-
mocracy.”
A few opposition figures
the casualties of Afghan forces
through 2015 were 28 percent
higher than in the previous year.
Colonel Lawhorn, who would not
go into details about the new cas-
ualty report, said a difficult year
for Afghan forces had long been
expected because they were car-
rying responsibility for a “signif-
icantly increased operational
tempo” last year, after the end of
the NATO combat mission.
An Afghan official briefed on
the matter put the number of cas-
ualties last year at close to 16,000
soldiers and police officers, with
more than 5,000 killed. Even
those numbers seemed low, con-
sidering that 4,100 were killed in
the first six months of 2015, and
the fighting greatly intensified in
the last six months of the year.
Gen. Dawlat Waziri, a spokes-
man for the Afghan Defense Min-
istry, declined to specify the num-
ber of soldiers killed. He referred
to the ministry’s daily news re-
leases, which often include re-
ports of the day’s casualties.
“All I can say is that compared
to 2014, the casualties in 2015
were more,” General Waziri said.
In the district of Deh Rawood
sia. Administration officials said
that two years after its annex-
ation of Crimea — an annexation
that neither the United States nor
its European allies recognize — it
was imperative to send Moscow a
message that NATO will do all it
needs to do in order to stand be-
hind Eastern European members
worried that they could be next.
Russia has invested heavily in
its military, transforming a cum-
bersome, Soviet-style army into a
lighter, more flexible force, with
the ability to carry out rapid in-
terventions. That, combined with
Mr. Putin’s willingness to use the
military to expand Russia’s influ-
ence outside its borders, necessi-
tated a stronger deterrent force,
officials said.
“Applying this budget to Eu-
rope fulfills promises we’ve made
to NATO on the collective de-
fense of the alliance,” a senior de-
mocked the threat, posting pic-
tures online of their own pets.
Social media in Russia erupted
on Monday with discussion of the
violent tenor of the online politi-
cal commentary.
“In Russia a party of those who
like to throw people in jail is com-
peting with a party of those who
prefer to kill them,” wrote one
wry critic of Mr. Kadyrov on
Vkontakte, a Russian social me-
dia network. “And you say there
is no political competition!”
An online supporter of Mr.
Kadyrov praised the Chechen
leader’s resolution: “I respect
him! Well done, that’s what you
call a real man.”
Mr. Kadyrov has been an out-
spoken defender of Mr. Putin and
his policies, especially amid the
in southern Oruzgan Province,
where the police have long com-
plained of a lack of equipment
and ammunition while practically
under siege, four security check-
points were abandoned by the po-
lice and later burned down by the
Taliban, according to Mohammad
Karim Khadimzai, head of the
Oruzgan provincial council.
Around 30 police officers desert-
ed their posts in Deh Rawood and
arrived in Tirin Kot, the provin-
cial capital.
“The reason for deserting their
posts, the police said, is a lack of
ammunition despite frequently
asking headquarters for sup-
plies,” Mr. Khadimzai said.
But the provincial police chief
has rejected that claim, saying
the reason for the officers’ deser-
tion was that the post’s com-
mander had been fired recently
over complaints from local resi-
dents that he had mistreated
them. The provincial chief said
the police officers who had de-
serted their posts were under in-
vestigation.
Dost Mohammad Nayab, a
spokesman for the provincial
governor, denied that the posts
fense official said Monday. “But it
also shows our commitment and
resolve to individual countries to
which we will be putting a per-
sistent rotational presence of
forces to demonstrate our resolve
in their, and our, collective de-
fenses.”
He spoke on the condition of
anonymity because he was not
authorized to speak publicly
about the budget.
The official said the Pentagon
wanted a “heel to toe” rotational
troop presence in Eastern Eu-
rope, meaning that there would
always be the equivalent of a bri-
gade in the region. Under a 1997
agreement known as the NATO-
Russia Founding Act, both sides
pledged not to station large num-
bers of troops along their respec-
tive borders.
Administration officials said
they were confident that the new
increasingly bleak economic con-
ditions caused by the collapse of
global oil prices.
Moscow is slashing regional
subsidies, and some political ob-
servers have said Mr. Kadyrov
fears losing money from Moscow,
which accounts for about 83 per-
cent of Chechnya’s budget.
By picking fights with the op-
position, Mr. Kadyrov may be
trying to further ingratiate him-
self with Mr. Putin and remind
him that Chechnya, once torn by
war and now cowed into submis-
sion, deserves special consider-
ation.
Other political observers have
wondered if Mr. Putin and his
public relations agents, feeling
insecure because of the economic
downturn and an increasingly
sullen public mood, are encour-
aging Mr. Kadyrov as a way to
dissuade any sort of public dem-
onstration against the Kremlin
before parliamentary elections
scheduled for September.
“This is one way that Putin is
responding and just scaring ev-
eryone,” said Max Trudolyubov,
an editor at large for Vedomosti,
Russia’s main business daily.
Dmitry S. Peskov, the presi-
dent’s spokesman, told Russian
reporters that he might comment
about the video later, after he
studied the Instagram post.
In the past, Mr. Putin has
backed Mr. Kadyrov after contro-
versial statements. Last month
he called Mr. Kadyrov an effec-
SHAH MARAI/AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE — GETTY IMAGES
Afghan security personnel carried a bombing victim Monday in
Kabul. Witnesses said the bomber detonated his explosives
near the gates of a National Civil Order Police building.
had been burned down by the
Taliban, and said new forces had
arrived to fill the vacuum.
The recent increase in urban
attacks by the Taliban, in addition
to a territory-gobbling offensive
across the country, has coincided
with international efforts to re-
start peace talks between the in-
surgents and the Afghan govern-
ment. After a brief surge of
BRYAN DENTON FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
deployments would not be seen
as breaching that agreement. In
any event, Poland and the Baltic
States argue that Russia’s incur-
sion in Ukraine was a clear vio-
lation of the act, and that NATO
should no longer abide by it.
Gen. Joseph F. Dunford Jr., the
head of the Joint Chiefs of Staff,
was in Brussels two weeks ago at
a NATO defense meeting, where
Eastern European countries
again expressed concerns about
Russia. In particular, representa-
tives from the Baltic nations —
Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania —
have been asking for a big state-
ment of American military sup-
port, officials said.
“This is a message that we see
what they’re capable of, and
what their political leadership is
willing to do,” said another senior
administration official, in a refer-
ence to Russia.
tive leader and gave him control
of a local oil company.
But for many Russian observ-
ers, Mr. Kadyrov comes off as a
bully who now finds Chechnya
too small for his ambitions, and
has turned to social media — he
has 1.6 million followers on Insta-
gram — to project his bravado.
On Chechen television, he recent-
ly forced a young Chechen man
who had criticized Mr. Putin on
Instagram to recant while jog-
ging in his underwear. Mr. Kady-
rov also harshly berated a Che-
chen woman who had used social
media to criticize high utility
prices and called him a show-off.
“I think it is because Kadyrov
has no borders,” said Elena
Milashina, who covers Chechnya
for the independent Novaya
Gazeta newspaper. “Chechnya
will come to us and Russia will
soon be like Chechnya.”
The political opposition in Mos-
cow, repulsed by the barely mut-
ed violence of Mr. Kadyrov and
the repression he pursues in
Chechnya, has recognized that
the pugnacious leader has served
an important role for Mr. Putin in
pacifying the once-rebellious re-
public where Russia has fought
two recent wars.
For Mr. Putin, criticizing Mr.
Kadyrov now would be consid-
ered a sign of weakness. “It
would be a very big step, like con-
fessing that the whole model of
putting down Chechnya was
wrong,” Ms. Milashina said.
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P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m
progress last year, the effort
stalled in July after it was re-
vealed that the Taliban’s leader,
Mullah Muhammad Omar, had
died in 2013.
Officials from Afghanistan,
China, Pakistan and the United
States are expected to meet for a
third time soon to discuss a plan
to bring the Taliban to the negoti-
ating table.
 THE NEW YORK TIMES, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 2016
A7 N

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A8 N THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 2016
WUZHONG JOURNAL
In One Part of China,
Officials’ Light Touch
Lets Islam Flourish
By ANDREW JACOBS
WUZHONG, China — As the
call to prayer echoed off the high
walls of the madrasa and into the
surrounding village, dozens of
boys, dressed in matching violet
caps, poured out of their dorm
rooms and headed to the mosque.
That afternoon prayer ritual,
little changed since Middle East-
ern traders traversing the Silk
Road first arrived in western Chi-
na more than 1,000 years ago, was
at once quotidian and remark-
able.
That is because in many parts
of the officially atheist country,
religious restrictions make it a
crime to operate Islamic schools
and bar people under 18 from en-
tering mosques.
Asked about the Chinese gov-
ernment’s light touch here, Liu
Jun, 37, the chief imam at the
Banqiao Daotang Islamic School,
offered a knowing smile.
“Muslims from other parts of
China who come here, especially
from Xinjiang, can’t believe how
free we are, and they don’t want
to leave,” he said, referring to the
far-west borderlands that are
home to China’s beleaguered Ui-
ghur ethnic minority. “Life for the
Hui is very good.”
With an estimated Muslim pop-
ulation of 23 million, China has
more followers of Islam than
many Arab countries. Roughly
half of them live in Xinjiang, an
oil-rich expanse of Central Asia
where a cycle of violence and
government repression has
alarmed human rights advocates
and unnerved Beijing over wor-
A history of loyalty to
the Communist Party
is rewarded.
ries about the spread of Islamic
extremism.
But here in the Ningxia Hui Au-
tonomous Region, a relatively re-
cent administrative construct
that is the official heartland of
China’s Hui Muslim community,
that kind of strife is almost non-
existent, as are the limitations on
religion that critics say are fuel-
ing Uighur discontent.
Throughout Ningxia and the
adjacent Gansu Province, new fil-
igreed mosques soar over even
the smallest villages, adolescent
boys and girls spend their days
studying the Quran at religious
schools, and muezzin summon
the faithful via loudspeakers — a
marked contrast to mosques in
Xinjiang, where the local authori-
ties often forbid amplified calls to
prayer.
In Hui strongholds like Linxia,
a city in Gansu known as China’s
“Little Mecca,” there are
mosques on every other block
and women can sometimes be
seen with veils, a sartorial choice
that can lead to detention in Xin-
jiang.
Adam Wu contributed research.
“It’s easy to live an intensely
Muslim life here,” said Ma Habi-
bu, 67, a retired truck driver,
whose surname, Ma, with its pho-
netic resemblance to the name
Mohammed, is common among
the Hui. “Even government offi-
cials here are very devout and
study the Quran every day.”
Descendants of Persian and
Arab traders who settled along
the Silk Road and took Chinese
wives, the nation’s 10 million Hui
are a minority primarily defined
by their faith and, in some cases,
solely their culinary habits. Com-
pared with the Uighurs, they
have also demonstrated a re-
markable ability to coexist with
the Communist Party, an organi-
zation hard-wired to distrust
those whose first loyalty belongs
to a higher power.
Unlike the Uighurs, who speak
a Turkic dialect and whose Eur-
asian features set them apart
from the country’s Han Chinese
majority, the Hui speak Chinese
and are often indistinguishable
from their non-Muslim neigh-
bors. In much of China, the white
caps worn by men and the head
scarves worn by women are all
that give them away. In many
places, the Hui have so thorough-
ly assimilated that their only con-
nection to Islam is a vestigial
aversion to pork.
Most subscribe to a moderate
brand of Islam, though tradition
frowns upon intermarriage —
Hui men who break convention
by marrying outside the faith
often demand that their wives
convert to Islam.
Their loyalty to the Communist
Party has been well rewarded. In
places like Linxia, people can eas-
ily obtain passports and about
half of the senior officials are eth-
nic Hui, according to local resi-
dents. In Xinjiang, by contrast,
most important government
posts go to the Han, and young
Uighurs find it hard to get pass-
ports to travel abroad. Govern-
ment workers in Xinjiang who go
to mosques or fast during the
holy month of Ramadan often
find themselves unemployed.
But even in Ningxia and Gan-
su, official tolerance has its limits.
During a recent five-day journey
through Hui communities that
fleck the arid foothills of the Ti-
betan plateau, several imams
said proselytizing to non-Mus-
lims was forbidden, as was con-
tact with Islamic organizations
outside China. Accepting over-
seas donations for the construc-
tion of a mosque was also sure to
invite trouble from the authori-
ties.
Religious leaders said that the
government had become espe-
cially vigilant about tamping
down competition and potential
strife among different Islamic
factions. Several imams said par-
ty officials were most concerned
about Salafis, an ultraconserva-
tive Sunni sect whose strict inter-
pretation of religious texts has
been associated with extremism.
“The Salafi influence has been
spreading fast in China, and this
is worrying both us and the gov-
ernment because they think their
religion is the correct one,” said
Wang Jingcheng, a teacher at the
Great Gongbei, a 300-year-old
Sufi shrine in Linxia.
The Hui have not always co-
existed so well with authority or
other ethnic groups. In the 19th
century, Muslim-led rebellions
were brutally suppressed, killing
hundreds of thousands. More re-
cently, during the Cultural Revo-
lution from 1966 to 1976, the Red
Guards tortured and jailed
imams, defaced mosques and
shuttered religious academies.
In recent years, there have
been sporadic clashes between
Hui and Han: In 2004, scores
were reportedly killed during eth-
nic bloodletting in Henan Prov-
ince, and in 2012, dozens of people
were injured by the police during
protests over the demolition of a
mosque in Ningxia that the gov-
ernment had declared illegal.
Those tribulations, reinforced
PHOTOGRAPHS BY ADAM DEAN FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Prayers at a wedding in
Linxia, China, in October
included the groom, Ma
Sentao, above center.
The marriage of Mr. Ma
and Ma Li, below, was
arranged by the couple’s
families, who are
observant Muslims. Left,
a Hui shepherd driving
his flock to his home
near Dayuanding village.
The region is a
stronghold for the group.
by the occasional expression of
disdain from non-Islamic neigh-
bors, have infused many Hui with
a sense of determination that
borders on exceptionalism.
In interviews, many Hui said
their religion-inspired devotion
to hygiene and personal integrity
— and an avoidance of cigarettes,
alcohol and gambling — set them
apart from their Han brethren.
“The Hui used to live in sepa-
rate neighborhoods, but these
days, non-Muslims are moving to
Muslim quarters because they
are drawn to our clean food and
our system of ethics,” said Ma
Youming, 35, the production man-
ager of a hat factory in Wuzhong
that exports religious headwear
to Indonesia, Malaysia and other
Muslim countries.
The party is increasingly seek-
ing to leverage this good will by
positioning the Hui as mercantile
emissaries to the Muslim world, a
role that has been bolstered by
President Xi Jinping’s national
initiative for a new Silk Road,
known as One Belt, One Road,
which seeks to revive China’s an-
cient trade routes with Asia, Eu-
rope and the Middle East.
In places like Wuzhong and
Linxia, officials have created spe-
cial “Muslim products” industrial
parks that offer inexpensive land
and low taxes. Mr. Ma’s company,
Yijia Ethnic Clothing, is among
those that have benefited from fa-
vorable government policies.
Standing amid the rat-a-tat of
computer-driven embroidery ma-
chines, Mr. Ma said Yijia Ethnic
Clothing’s three factories now
make 50 million hats a year and
provide more than two-thirds of
the world’s low-priced Islamic
headwear.
That success is fueling a new
venture for the company: a Mus-
lim-themed real estate venture in
Linxia that will include 6,000
apartments, two mosques, mu-
seums and a Halal food exhibition
center spread across 190 acres.
During a recent visit to the
company’s offices, Ma Chunbo, a
senior executive, said that the
project sought to capitalize on the
growing wealth of Hui entrepre-
neurs but that he also hoped to at-
tract non-Muslims.
“We want to show the world
that Islam is a tolerant, peace-
loving religion, not the religion of
burqas and bomb-throwing that
people see on the news,” he said.
He stood in front of a mock-up
of the project, which includes
scaled-down replicas of the
world’s most iconic mosques.
“We also want to show that in
Linxia, we fully enjoy the lenient
ethnic policies of the govern-
ment,” he said.
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P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m

Syria Talks Are Declared Open as Mediator Begins Shuttle Diplomacy
By SOMINI SENGUPTA
and ANNE BARNARD
GENEVA — Declaring the offi-
cial beginning of the first Syria
peace talks in two years, the
United Nations mediator said
Monday that they must show re-
sults to the country’s suffering ci-
vilians and he called on the out-
side powers that are helping
drive the conflict to take steps to
reduce the violence.
The mediator, Staffan de Mis-
tura, also said his most important
objective now was to keep both
sides talking — even if they are
not talking directly to each other.
Mr. de Mistura, a veteran
Swedish-Italian diplomat with a
four-decade career at the United
Nations — and its third mediator
in the Syria war — considered
the negotiations underway after
he met for two hours with mem-
bers of Syria’s opposition delega-
tion at the organization’s Geneva
headquarters. He had met with
the Syrian government repre-
sentatives here on Friday.
Speaking to reporters after-
ward, Mr. de Mistura emphasized
that he was paying attention to
the calls by opposition represent-
atives for an end to airstrikes, re-
lief from sieges, and a release of
political prisoners.
“We feel that they have a very
strong point, because this is the
voice of the Syrian people asking
for that,” he said. “When I meet
the Syrian people they tell me,
‘Don’t just have a conference;
have also something that we can
see and touch while you are
Hwaida Saad contributed report-
ing from Geneva, and Julie
Hirschfeld Davis from Rome.
Kerry Urges Syrian Factions at U.N. Talks Not to Squander Chance for Peace
By SOMINI SENGUPTA
GENEVA — In a forceful,
videotaped message circulated
on social media on Sunday, Secre-
tary of State John Kerry urged
the rival factions in Syria not to
squander the opportunity to en-
gage in United Nations-mediated
talks that began haltingly on Fri-
day in Geneva aimed at crafting a
political settlement to the con-
flict.
“We have seen through years
of savage fighting what the ab-
sence of serious negotiations
yields,” Mr. Kerry said. “So I urge
all parties to seize this opportuni-
ty and go forward with the best
interests of their country in
mind.”
It was a measure of how much
Mr. Kerry wanted the talks to
happen, and how much diplomat-
ic capital he put into getting them
off the ground.
The United Nations had hoped
to begin the talks on Jan. 25, but
they were put off. The parties on
the ground have powerful foreign
backers, and those backers have
their own interests for wanting
(or not wanting) the talks to pro-
ceed, and they all have vastly dif-
ferent objectives. The major
world powers — as well as the re-
gional powers that have fueled
the war for five years — have all
given their blessings for the talks
to take place. But who wants
what out of them? Here is a quick
breakdown.
United States
The White House is eager to
begin the talks in earnest, and to
yield something that resembles a
path to ending the war.
As Mr. Kerry signaled in his
speech, and as American officials
have argued all along, the longer
the war in Syria, the more fertile
the ground for the militant Is-
lamic State group to thrive and
spread across the region. For the
Obama administration, and par-
ticularly for Mr. Kerry, it is also a
legacy issue. The administration
is eager to rebut criticism that it
has not exerted enough effort to
ease the suffering of Syrians, and
pictures of starving children in
besieged Syrian towns do not
help. Getting food aid into the
stricken areas has become an im-
perative. The United Nations
says the Syrian government is re-
sponsible for most of the towns
A Chef’s Death at 44 Shines a Light on the High-Pressure World of Top Restaurants
From Page A4
and mental illnesses afflicting
many people in the food industry.
Depression, anxiety, addiction
and eating disorders are com-
mon.
Mental illness cuts across ev-
ery profession, and medical ex-
perts warned that many individ-
uals who commit suicide suffer
from a severe mood disorder that
can be triggered and exacerbated
by many factors related to career,
family, finances and health. But
Ms. Kinsman and others in the in-
dustry said that restaurant work
posed unique pressures that
could contribute to self-destruc-
Hannah Olivennes contributed re-
porting.
meeting in Geneva.’”
The talks here are the first at-
tempt since January and Febru-
ary of 2014 to hold negotiations to
end a war that has left more than
a quarter-million people dead,
displaced millions and entangled
regional and global military pow-
ers. But unlike in the previous
talks, the United States and Rus-
sia seem to have shown far more
interest now in seeking an end to
the war.
Mr. de Mistura sought to em-
phasize on Monday that these
outside powers must help make it
possible for the Geneva negotia-
tions to advance.
“They actually indicated that
when the actual talks would start,
they themselves will start help-
ing in ensuring that there would
be a discussion about an overall
cease-fire in the Syrian conflict,”
Mr. de Mistura told reporters. “If
that takes place, that would be
the strongest message for all Syr-
ian people, wherever they are,
about changes.”
Mr. de Mistura said he would
meet with the Syrian government
delegation again on Tuesday
morning, followed by a separate
meeting with the opposition.
Earlier, opposition members
emerging from the meeting said
they had received a “positive re-
sponse” from Mr. de Mistura
about their demands in creating
the basis for talks with the gov-
ernment: a release of political
prisoners, the lifting of sieges on
insurgent-held areas and a halt to
airstrikes.
But the opposition presented
conflicting information about a
list of detainees it wanted re-
leased. Salem al-Meslet, a
An antigovernment fighter on Friday in Arbeen, a rebel-controlled area on the outskirts of the Syrian capital, Damascus.
under siege, with about 187,000
trapped inside, deprived of food
and medicine.
Mr. Kerry’s statement on Sun-
day appeared to publicly step up
pressure on Russia, the most
powerful backer of the govern-
ment of President Bashar al-As-
sad of Syria. “The international
community must be united in
pressing for compliance. Both
governments that are supporting
the opposition — and especially
governments that are supporting
Bashar al-Assad, whose forces
control the vast majority of terri-
tory under siege — have this obli-
gation also,” the statement said.
Russia
The Russian news agency Tass
has reported that Mr. Kerry
spoke with his Russian counter-
part, Sergey V. Lavrov, on Satur-
day and that the two men agreed
tive behavior, including suicide.
Gabriel Waterhouse, who until
recently was a chef in London at
Galvin La Chapelle, which has
one Michelin star, said star chefs
like Mr. Violier operated in an ex-
tremely competitive atmosphere,
in which speaking about fears
was taboo.
“People are quite macho in the
industry,” he said, “and people
don’t feel they can really talk
about their problems or the
stresses of what is being asked of
them.” He added, “It is consid-
ered a sign of weakness if you
complain, and that is intensified
the higher and higher you go.”
Mr. Violier was born on Aug.
22, 1971, in La Rochelle, a coastal
city in western France, to a fam-
ily of winemakers. In 2013, he was
THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 2016
FABRICE COFFRINI/AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE — GETTY IMAGES
Staffan de Mistura, second from left, the United Nations medi-
ator in the Syria war, sat opposite Syria’s main opposition group
for two hours during peace talks on Monday in Geneva.
spokesman for the opposition’s
High Negotiation Committee,
said Sunday that his group had
compiled 3,800 names. Another
committee member, Hind Kaba-
wat, said the group had a pro-
vided a list of 300 women and
children.
Mr. de Mistura told reporters
that he had yet to receive any list.
He said he was prepared to bring
up such a list in negotiations as a
way to show it was possible to
achieve concrete results — what
he described as one of the first
“signals that there is something
different happening.”
He said “the first immediate
objective is to make sure the
talks continue and that everyone
is on board. It’s crucial no one
should be feeling excluded.”
The negotiations began amid
further mayhem on the ground in
on the need to settle humanitar-
ian issues in the initial phase of
the talks.
The talks would never have
gotten off the ground without
Russian approval. But what Rus-
sia wants out of them, and when,
remain unclear. Moscow has
been carrying out airstrikes to
help Syrian government forces
for the past four months, and the
Kremlin is accused by its oppo-
nents of intensifying the strikes
in recent weeks to improve its ne-
gotiating position. But when it is
ready to extract itself from the
battlefield, it needs to have a po-
litical process underway, and a
way to make a deal. Also, diplo-
mats speculate — perhaps opti-
mistically — that being involved
in bringing peace to Syria offers
Russia an enormous opportunity
to rehabilitate itself diplomatical-
ly. It can be seen as a peace bro-
ker rather than as a rule breaker.
named chef of the year by the
Gault & Millau guide.
“It would seem that he has
ended his life with a firearm,” a
statement by the police said, add-
ing that an investigation had
been opened.
Towering figures of French cui-
sine, like the chefs Paul Bocuse
and Marc Veyrat, paid homage to
Mr. Violier, some expressing
shock and remarking on his self-
effacing demeanor and culinary
artistry, which had garnered him
many followers.
The Michelin guide released its
list of starred restaurants in
France for 2016 on Monday, and
although Mr. Violier’s establish-
ment is in Switzerland, he had
been planning to attend a cere-
mony in Paris for the new rank-
Syria, where the death toll from a
suicide attack on Sunday at a re-
vered Shiite shrine near Damas-
cus rose to 72, according to the
Syrian Observatory for Human
Rights, a monitoring group.
The Islamic State claimed re-
sponsibility for the attack on the
shrine, Sayeda Zeinab, which
heightened the potential to
sharpen sectarian divides in the
conflict. The Islamic State, which
controls parts of Syria and Iraq
and is widely reviled as a Sunni
extremist terrorist organization,
is not a party to the Geneva talks,
nor does it have any interest in a
political settlement.
Reflecting the United States’
concerns about Islamic State ex-
pansion, the Obama administra-
tion’s envoy to an American-led
coalition that has been conduct-
ing airstrikes against the militant
AMER ALMOHIBANY/AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE — GETTY IMAGES
The Russians have been in-
strumental in setting the ground
rules. As one pro-government
journalist put it, Moscow has
sought to ensure that the talks do
not focus on the ouster of its ally,
Mr. Assad, which is precisely
what the opposition and its allies
want to negotiate.
Saudi Arabia
The Saudi foreign minister has
publicly called for the Syrian op-
position bloc that Saudi Arabia
supports to attend the talks, after
it expressed reluctance last
week.
On Saturday, the Saudis ar-
ranged a royal jet to transport
two dozen members of the High
Negotiating Committee, as the
representatives of the opposition
bloc are known, to Geneva from
the Saudi capital, Riyadh.
Do the Saudis want talks now?
ings, according to the Swiss news
media. Instead, the proceedings
began with a minute of silence for
him.
Patricia Zizza, who has worked
by Mr. Bocuse’s side for 40 years
and has known some of the
world’s greatest chefs, including
Mr. Violier, said the expectation
of creating a masterwork every
day could push some chefs to de-
pression and exhaustion.
“Chefs are in the theater and
must produce great work, and
there is strong pressure to main-
tain that excellence,” Ms. Zizza
said. “It requires an enormous
amount of attention, from assur-
ing the quality of the products to
directing teams of people. And it
entails many sacrifices, including
to one’s personal life.”
group slipped into northern Syria
over the weekend to assess
progress. The visit by the envoy,
Brett McGurk, was the first by a
senior United States official since
the airstrikes began in 2014.
Mr. McGurk said Monday that
officials from the Defense De-
partment had met with what he
described as a “very diverse ar-
ray of committed fighters” bat-
tling the Islamic State, including
the Kurds, who have been exclud-
ed from the Syria peace talks. Mr.
McGurk’s trip was expected to
draw an angry reaction from the
Syrian government, which re-
gards such visits as a violation of
its sovereignty.
In Moadhamiyeh, a rebel-held
suburb of Damascus hit by heavy
bombardment on Sunday, doc-
tors said investigations had
shown that breathing difficulties
in patients had been caused by
dust and phosphates and not
from a chemical weapon like
chlorine, as initially feared.
The Syrian government inten-
sified its military advance even
as it took steps to talk in Geneva.
On Monday, a shell hit a school
playground in the rebel-held
town of Madaya, wounding sev-
eral children, according to resi-
dents. The government has for
months laid siege to Madaya,
where some residents, including
children, have starved because
the delivery of emergency food
and medicine has been obstruct-
ed. The United Nations has said
the government is responsible for
besieging roughly 187,000 people
in rebel-held towns, while rebel
groups are besieging two towns
with around 12,000 residents.
Until now, a cease-fire had held
Their rebel allies are not in a
good position on the battlefield.
Yet, while they might not be in a
strong position to negotiate, they
are eager to stop Russian air-
strikes, diplomats say. The Sau-
dis also want to demonstrate to
the world that they are giving
peace talks a chance. If they fail,
it will give them an opportunity
to show that Mr. Assad was never
serious about a political settle-
ment and that an all-out military
assault is the only way to guaran-
tee his exit.
Turkey
Turkey won a short-term prize
by managing to exclude the main
Syrian Kurdish rebel group from
the talks. But in the long run, the
Kurds stand to gain from any fi-
nal political settlement to the con-
flict. They control a large stretch
of territory, and they have the
She said Mr. Violier had been
shaken by the death last year of
his mentor, the Swiss chef Phi-
lippe Rochat, who died after fall-
ing ill while cycling. Mr. Violier
and his wife began running the
Restaurant de l’Hôtel de Ville in
2012, after Mr. Rochat retired.
Mr. Violier’s survivors include
his wife and their son, Romain,
according to Swiss news outlets.
La Liste was commissioned by
the French Foreign Ministry, ap-
parently as a response to the
London-based World’s 50 Best
Restaurants. The British rank-
ings were criticized by some in
France as failing to give French
restaurants their rightful due, but
others in the culinary establish-
ment regarded the French effort
as misguided.
N A9
in Madaya and neighboring
Zabadani, along with two govern-
ment-held towns to the north that
are surrounded by insurgents.
The renewed military strikes on
Madaya began in recent days,
along with the talks in Geneva, as
the warring parties jockeyed for
leverage at the table.
Umm Majd, a Madaya resident
reached by telephone who gave
only her nickname out of safety
concerns, called on Riad Hijab,
the head of the opposition High
Negotiations Committee, to pull
out of the Geneva talks because
the cease-fire had been broken.
“What negotiations are they
A call for outside
powers involved in the
conflict to take steps
to reduce the violence.
talking about?” she said. “We’re
living in starvation and blood. Be-
fore the conference there was a
truce; after it we have shelling.”
She added: “I plead with the
opposition negotiators to pull out.
What are you negotiating on? On
our blood! Or our children’s
blood. Both ways we’re dying.”
Her anger reflected the pres-
sure on the opposition delegation
to get something out of the talks.
Opposition fighters have lately
lost ground on the battlefield,
mainly because of Russian air-
strikes in support of government
forces.
backing of both Russia and the
United States.
Turkey’s principal political
goal, like Saudi Arabia’s, is the
ouster of Mr. Assad, but Turkey
has little reason to trust the
peace talks to deliver that prize,
given the leader’s strong backing
by Russia and Iran.
For those reasons, Turkey may
have the least to gain from the
talks. Its one incentive to go
along with the process may be to
avoid further escalating tensions
with Russia. Turkey accused
Russia on Sunday of violating its
airspace for the second time in
recent months.
Iran
Iran is part of the broad coali-
tion of countries that gave its
blessing for the talks to get start-
ed. But Tehran’s critics say it has
little reason to push the parties to
a political settlement. It has given
men and matériel to aid Mr. As-
sad’s forces on the ground, and it
is determined to maintain a
stronghold in Syria for the sake
of the powerful Shiite militia that
Iran backs, Hezbollah.
Iran has insisted on the need
for elections to decide Mr. As-
sad’s fate and will not consider
the notion of his ouster before
then.
Europe
The European Union is reeling
from a tide of refugees from Syr-
ia, and the longer the war contin-
ues, the more Syrians will try to
cross the Mediterranean Sea in a
bid to reach European shores.
The bloc, under legal obligation
not to turn back those who are
fleeing war and persecution, is
now paying Turkey to do more to
prevent them from entering the
region.
That has not stopped people
from getting on boats — or from
dying at sea — in the attempt to
reach the European Union. The
latest tragedy came over the
weekend, when a boat capsized
in the waters of the Aegean Sea.
Nearly 40 people died, including
10 children. Rescue workers laid
their corpses on the rocky shoals,
and the pictures spread instantly
across the world, as the rival par-
ties in Geneva bickered over who
could gain how much from the
talks.
When Mr. Violier was awarded
the top place in La Liste’s rank-
ing in December, he responded
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with characteristic modesty
“I feel a heavy responsibility to
be named number one,” he said
in an interview with The New
York Times, published in Decem-
ber. He added that the key to his
success was consistency, not
flashiness, and he singled out his
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m
loyal team, including Louis Ville-
neuve, his maître d’hôtel, who
has been in his post for four dec-
ades
“This ranking is a recognition
of seriousness, of delivering the
same fidelity and level of excel-
lence from the beginning of Janu-
ary to the end of December,” Mr.
Violier said. “It’s a great tribute
to the team.”
A10 Ø N THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 2016

Deadly Rampage by Boko Haram Continues a Wave of Brutality African Union

By ILIYA KURE
and DIONNE SEARCEY
Says Situation
KADUNA, Nigeria — It was a
particularly brutal raid, the kind
In South Sudan
that had become rare in recent
months. Dozens of homes were Is Worsening
burned to the ground. Children
were abducted and carried off By JEFFREY GETTLEMAN
into the bush. People seeking ref- NAIROBI, Kenya — A new re-
uge under a familiar tree were port written for the African Union
blown up by a suicide bomber and made public on Monday pre-
who had infiltrated their ranks. sented an especially grim picture
The suspected perpetrator is a of South Sudan’s civil war, blam-
familiar foe to this part of north- ing government forces and rebels
eastern Nigeria: Boko Haram, for the declining humanitarian
the militant Islamic group that situation in the world’s newest
has carried out dozens of attacks country.
across the region in recent years. The nine-page report, written
by an evaluation commission for
On Monday, government officials
the African Union and dated Jan.
raised the death toll of the week-
29, listed five violations of a
end rampage to 65 people, with cease-fire agreement, including
twice that number injured. Resi- an episode in October in which
dents of Dalori, the site of the lat- government forces were respon-
est attack, said the death toll was sible for the deaths of 50 people
even higher, with as many as 100 who died from suffocation inside
dead. a shipping container. Investiga-
Boko Haram has marauded tors said the rebels had looted
across northern Nigeria for United Nations barges and am-
years, killing thousands of civil- bushed civilians, killing or
ians, burning entire villages and wounding about a dozen people
kidnapping hundreds of women in an attack in December.
and girls — crimes that came “There is limited consolidation
long before the group declared al- of peace, a worrying economic
legiance to the Islamic State last decline and violence ongoing,”
year. the report said. “The economy is
Nigeria and its neighbors have in particularly dire straits, with
struck back, chasing the mili- foreign reserves rapidly dimin-
JOSSY OLA/ASSOCIATED PRESS
tants out of villages they had ishing, growing inflation and rap-
The wreckage of Dalori village, Nigeria. The militants set fire to as many as 300 homes in the village, burning some people alive. id depreciation of the national
seized. The military campaign
currency.”
has been so effective, according
being scattered by the military. village of Chibok in 2014 are still Separately, attacks on pipe- Task Force, an anti-Boko Haram South Sudan, which gained in-
to Nigeria’s president, Muham-
Then, over the weekend, the missing, they note, and neither lines in the southern state of vigilante association in the area, dependence from Sudan in 2011,
madu Buhari, that he recently de- has been steeped in ethnic con-
clared the group “technically” group appeared to go back to its the government nor the military Bayelsa have unleashed thou- said that the homes of the group’s
know where they are. sands of barrels of oil into farm- members had been attacked in flict since violence broke out in
defeated. His key evidence: the old playbook: storming a town
2013. Thousands of people have
military had reclaimed territory with multiple fighters and leav- This weekend in Dalori, wit- land and waterways. For years, Dalori but that members did not
died, thousands more are on the
from fighters in northern Nigeria ing a path of destruction. Mil- nesses said that fighters ram- the country has battled militants seem to have been singled out.
brink of starvation, and there
roughly the size of the state of itants descended on Dalori, a paged through the village for hoping to trade the threat of vio- The militants were merely in- have been repeated allegations of
Maryland. small village just outside of Mai- hours, and some residents com- lence for shares in oil revenue. terested in inflicting as much mass rape, massacres of civilians
Even so, the group has duguri, on Saturday evening, un- plained that the authorities had In Dalori, the militants arrived damage as possible. and forced cannibalism.
launched attacks at a relentless leashing a torrent of gunfire and not arrived fast enough to help in cars and on motorbikes on Sat- “It is the normal Boko Haram According to another report,
pace across northern Nigeria and setting homes ablaze as suicide fight the attackers. urday night and began shooting style of attack, where they come prepared by a United Nations
neighboring countries in recent bombers attacked fleeing resi- In a news release, military offi- indiscriminately, government of- and tear down villages,” said panel of experts on South Sudan,
weeks, including an assault in dents, according to witnesses and cials reassured residents “of the ficials said. Abba Aji Kalli, the task force both sides in the conflict are try-
Maiduguri, the capital of Borno officials. commitment of the military to ap- Gunshots could be heard from member. “What they did here ing to build up their arsenals. The
State, in late December. But its And while government and prehend and deal with the per- as far away as residential hous- was to burn down what they government recently bought
recent attacks, while deadly, have military officials maintain that petrators.” Hours before the at- ing for the University of Maidu- three military helicopters that
been relatively simple, carried they have wrested control of ter- tack this weekend, the military guri, about two miles down the have led to “the expansion of the
out by suicide bombers who often ritory from Boko Haram, a hand- announced several aerial bomb- road. Some fighters were dressed war, and have emboldened those
in the government who are seek-
hide explosives under religious ful of people have been showing
up in Maiduguri recently, saying
ings of the Sambisa Forest,
where fighters are believed to be
in military uniforms, witnesses
said.
A relentless pace of ing a military solution to the con-
gowns or in bags of vegetables.
Mr. Buhari’s supporters cite the their villages have been overtak- hiding. The militants set fire to as attacks in northern flict at the expense of the peace
process,” the United Nations re-
tactic as evidence that the group en as well. Analysts warn that the The challenge comes at a par- many as 300 homes in the village,
is grasping for relevance after war against Boko Haram may ticularly bad time for Nigeria. burning alive some people who Nigeria and port said.
have shifted, but it is far from The rebels were also trying to
Iliya Kure reported from Kaduna, over.
The country faces mounting eco-
nomic problems because of the
were inside. At least three chil-
dren were killed, one local gov-
neighboring countries. get more arms from “numerous
sources, though with compara-
and Dionne Searcey from Dakar, Residents point to painful re- falling price of oil, on which its ernment official said. tively limited success,” that re-
Senegal. Shehu Abubakar contrib- minders that the group is very economy is heavily reliant, and it “This put the villagers and the port added.
uted reporting from Maiduguri, much alive. The nearly 300 will need to find a way to deal neighborhood into pandemo- wanted to burn, and took away Western powers and the Afri-
Nigeria. schoolgirls it abducted from the with major budget gaps. nium,” according to a news re- what they wanted to take.” can Union have tried to broker a
lease from Nigeria’s National The attack added to the 2.5 mil- lasting agreement between the
Emergency Management Agen- lion people who have been dis- government, which is dominated
cy, and they “started running hel- placed from their homes across by the Dinka ethnic group, and
ter-skelter.” four countries because of vio- the rebels, who are mostly Nuer,
Many residents took cover un- lence from Boko Haram. The vil- but so far the leaders from both
der a huge tree that was a usual lagers who lost their homes have sides appear to be opposed to any

THE PLEDGE
evening spot for trading, officials
said. Among those gathered were
people from a nearby camp that
served as a refuge for people who
had fled their homes because of
Boko Haram violence.
As they waited for the mayhem
to subside, a suicide bomber
sneaked in among the crowd and
detonated explosives, killing and
injuring numerous people, the of-
ficials said.
One man said his four children
had been snatched up by fighters
who fled with them into the bush.
A member of the Civilian Joint
nowhere to go. The nearby camp
that houses thousands of other
displaced people is already full.
“The entire village is burnt,
and the people have nowhere to
stay,” said Abdullahi Umar, a
spokesman for the Borno State
Emergency Management Agen-
cy, adding that officials would
somehow find accommodations
for them.
“The state government will
also provide them with food.
They have lost almost every-
thing: their foodstuff, cattle and
the rest.”
immediate reconciliation.
A veteran American official
who has followed the conflicts in
Sudan and South Sudan closely
for more than two decades said
the violence in South Sudan was
the worse it has ever been. “I
have never seen such brutality
and pain,” said the former offi-
cial, who did not want to be
named for fear of disrupting al-
ready tenuous negotiations be-
tween the warring parties in
South Sudan.
“There are people on both
sides who are reckless and ob-
structionists,” he added.

World Briefing
EUROPE men were recovered, and six women were rescued,
Mr. Yadav said. One student was still missing.
Drownings took place in the same area in 2014 and
Turkey: Concerns on Reported Shooting last year, which prompted the authorities to post
And the Harsh Treatment of Journalists warnings. HARI KUMAR
The United Nations’ top human rights official urged
Turkey on Monday to investigate a report that the AFRICA
army shot unarmed civilians in the mainly Kurdish
southeast, and expressed alarm at a crackdown on
journalists and critics of the country’s government. Ivory Coast: Gbagbo Was a Defender
Zeid Ra’ad al-Hussein, the United Nations high com- Of Democracy, Lawyer Tells Court
missioner for human rights, said the Turkish au-
A defense lawyer said Monday that former Ivorian
thorities should open an independent investigation
president, Laurent Gbagbo, had been trying to re-
of the shooting in the southeastern town of Cizre.
store democracy in his country when he was de-
The events were captured by what Mr. al-Hussein
posed by French forces, mercenaries and other sup-
called an “extremely shocking” film by a Turkish
porters of the current president, Alassane Ouattara.
journalist, which appears to show a group of people,
If you are ever trapped under a The lawyer, Emmanuel Altit, made the argument in
some holding white flags, being shot at while they
his opening statement at Mr. Gbagbo’s trial on
ton of rubble, I promise to sniff you out. pushed a cart carrying bodies in view of an armored
Photo by Deborah Samuel from PUP, published by Chronicle Books www.chroniclebooks.com

charges of crimes against humanity at the Interna-

I promise to be worth every cent of the $10,000 vehicle. NICK CUMMING-BRUCE
that it took to train me. France: Castro Finds Advocates in Paris
I promise to ignore all other more fascinating smells
The French government urged the United States to
and concentrate on the scent of live humans. lift the economic embargo against Cuba during a
I promise to go about my work with a wagging tail, state visit by the Cuban president, Raúl Castro, that
even if my paws get sore. was aimed at bolstering economic relations between
Havana and Paris. Mr. Castro’s trip on Monday
I promise never to give up.
came after a breakthrough deal was reached in the
French capital in December to lighten Cuba’s for-
tional Criminal Court in The Hague. Mr. Altit ac-
cused the prosecution of ignoring abuses also com-
mitted by pro-Ouattara forces and said France
played a role in the crisis, including providing weap-
ons to the Ouattara forces. (AP)
MIDDLE EAST
Iran: Khomeini Grandson Receives
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eign debt. President François Hollande greeted Mr.

NATIONAL DISASTER SEARCH DOG FOUNDATION
Strengthening disaster response in America
by partnering rescued dogs
Castro, 84, on Monday with a warm embrace in the
courtyard of the Élysée Palace, then started the
meeting by exclaiming “Vive Cuba!” The United
®
States announced a normalization of relations with
Cuba in December 2014, but it still maintains an eco-
nomic embargo of the Caribbean island. (AP)
An Endorsement After Disqualification
A grandson of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, a re-
form-minded cleric who was disqualified last week
from running for election to an important clerical
council in Iran, received a significant endorsement
on Monday from an influential former president, a
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m

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National Training Center India: 13 Swimmers Drown in Riptide
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At least 13 college students drowned in the Arabian
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or visit www.SearchDogFoundation.org ing tide. A group of more than 100 students had vis-
ited a beach in the western state of Maharashtra and
went for a swim after lunch, said J. P. Yadav, a Coast
Guard official. The bodies of 10 women and three
possible indication that his candidacy might be re-
vived. The grandson, Hassan Khomeini, 43, has said
he would appeal his disqualification to run for a seat
on the council, known as the Assembly of Experts,
which is empowered to choose the next supreme
leader. Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, the former presi-
dent and political veteran who was close to Mr. Kho-
meini’s grandfather, the founder of the Islamic Re-
public, was quoted in state media as saying that the
vetters of candidates had no right to disqualify Mr.
Khomeini. RICK GLADSTONE

Zika Virus Prompts International Agency to Declare Health Emergency
From Page A1
answers. Officials said research
on the effects of Zika in pregnant
women was underway in at least
three countries: Brazil, Colombia
and El Salvador.
“The evidence is growing and
it’s getting strong,” Dr. Chan said.
“So I accepted, even on micro-
cephaly alone, that it is sufficient
to call an emergency. We need a
coordinated international re-
sponse.”
But the agency stopped short
of advising pregnant women not
to travel to the affected region, a
precaution that American health
officials began recommending
last month. Some global health
experts contended the W.H.O.’s
decision was more about politics
than medicine. Brazil is prepar-
ing to host the Olympics this
summer, and any ban on travel,
even just for pregnant women,
would deliver a serious blow to
the Brazilian government.
“I think there was a political
overtone,” said Lawrence O. Gos-
tin, director of the O’Neill Insti-
tute for National and Global
Health Law at Georgetown Uni-
versity. “If it were my daughter
and she was pregnant or thinking
of getting pregnant, I would abso-
lutely warn her off of going to a
Zika-affected country, and the
W.H.O. should have said that.”
The current outbreak of Zika
has taken the world by surprise.
The virus was first identified in
1947 in Uganda, and for years
lived mostly in monkeys. But last
May in Brazil, cases began in-
creasing drastically. The W.H.O.
has estimated that four million
people could be infected by the
end of the year. The rapid spread
is because people in the Ameri-
cas have not developed immuni-
ty, public health experts say.
Health officials in the United
States, however, say the risk of a
major homegrown outbreak is
low because mosquito control
programs are systematic and ef-
fective. They cite a related virus,
dengue, which is also transmitted
by mosquitoes but has not spread
very much since first appearing
locally a few years ago.
An emergency designation
from the W.H.O. can prompt ac-
tion and funding from govern-
ments and nonprofits around the
world. It elevates the agency to
the position of global coordinator
and gives its decisions the force
of international law. It could also
help standardize surveillance of
new cases across countries —
something that Dr. David L. Hey-
mann, professor of infectious dis-
ease epidemiology at the London
School of Hygiene and Tropical
Medicine, who chaired the emer-
gency committee, said was crit-
ical to getting control over the vi-
rus.
The global health agency is
trying to strike a balance be-
tween alerting the public and
scaring it. Zika symptoms are
mild or even nonexistent in most
Fears for Endangered Species as China Revisits Law
By SHAOJIE HUANG
BEIJING — A proposed revi-
sion to China‘s Wildlife Protec-
tion Law is being criticized by
conservationists who fear it could
legitimize the commercial exploi-
tation of endangered species,
such as tigers, bears and pango-
lins.
“This is not a step forward,”
said Toby Zhang, director of Ta
Foundation, an animal protection
organization based in Beijing.
“This is a surrender to the wrong
and the benighted.”
The draft legislation would be
the first major revision of the
1989 law, which animal welfare
advocates had long faulted as
providing inadequate safeguards
for wildlife, and some proposed
changes have won their praise.
For example, the bill opens with a
mention of its intent to protect
not just animals but also their
habitats. And it states for the first
time that the state has a respon-
sibility to help maintain biodiver-
sity.
The draft legislation was made
public on Jan. 1 and open for com-
ment until last Friday.
But where the existing law is
vague about the legality of trad-
ing and breeding endangered
species for food and medicine —
a situation critics said opened too
many loopholes for animal ex-
ploitation and abuse — the pro-
posed revisions make explicit
that endangered species are
“natural resources” that can be
legally bred in captivity for com-
mercial purposes. And it shifts
the power for licensing these ac-
tivities from the central govern-
ment to provincial ones, which
critics say are more likely to bend
to local economic interests.
Some of the proposed changes
could overturn existing animal
protections, conservationists say.
Since 2010, zoos in all Chinese
cities have been banned from
staging animal performances.
And while there are more bears
being held captive for their bile,
people. Overreaction could have
the effect of punishing countries
that are experiencing epidemics,
experts say, for example, through
restrictions on travel, trade or
tourism that could hurt econo-
mies.
The thrust of Monday’s meet-
ing — which was held by telecon-
ference and included presenta-
tions from officials of the affected
countries — was a renewed em-
phasis on research to determine
whether Zika can cause micro-
cephaly. Dr. Heymann said af-
terward that he could not discuss
the evidence that was presented
in a confidential meeting. But he
underscored that committee
used in traditional medical po-
tions, than in years past, public
resistance has become more vo-
cal. Trade in tiger bone and rhino
horn was banned in 1993.
The new law, if passed, could
jeopardize these gains, conserva-
tionists and some legal experts
say.
One draft clause could legalize
animal performances if a pro-
vincial-level government granted
a permit. Another clause in the
bill says the use of wild animals
as medicine, supplements or food
must be “in conformity with the
country’s related laws and reg-
ulations on Chinese traditional
medicine, supplements and food,”
without specifying which related
laws, whether those dealing with
consumer safety or those dealing
with the sources of ingredients.
“A major step backward and a
disaster for conservation,” said
An Xiang, the director of Dexiang
Law Firm in Beijing, who has
campaigned for animal welfare
legislation. He said he viewed the
medicine and food clause as a
green light for activities like bear
bile farming and eating tigers
and pangolins.
“If the current law is vague
The Siberian Tiger Park in Harbin, China. An animal welfare
campaigner in Beijing said a draft revision opens the door for
activities like bear bile farming and eating tigers and pangolins.
THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 2016
PIERRE ALBOUY/REUTERS
members were mostly concerned
that the research efforts, unfold-
ing in multiple countries, were
not coordinated.
“The research needs to be
pulled together instead of differ-
ent groups doing different things
in their own corners,” Dr. Hey-
mann said in a telephone inter-
view. He added that the commit-
tee members were “pretty unani-
mous” in their decision to recom-
mend emergency status.
Dr. Chan said new case control
studies on the connection be-
tween Zika and microcephaly will
start in the next two weeks. “Can
you imagine if we do not do all
this work now and wait until all
and stops shy of allowing the
commercial use of animals,” Mr.
An said, “the new law is brazenly
detailed about it, telling you how
these animals may be used and
where to go to get a permit.”
Mr. Zhang, who said his Ta
Foundation was involved in draft-
ing the bill, agreed that commer-
cial interests overtook the final
Critics say a proposal
opens loopholes for
animal exploitation
and abuse.
proposal. He said that the foun-
dation had collaborated with the
State Council’s Development Re-
search Center, a government
think tank, to organize seminars
in which lawmakers met with en-
vironmentalists, legal law profes-
sionals, government officials and
business representatives.
Five such meetings were held
last year, Mr. Zhang said. “Every
time, we were presented a draft
SHENG LI/REUTERS
A worker conducting fumigation as a preventive measure against the Zika virus at a cemetery on
the outskirts of Lima, Peru. Left, Dr. David L. Heymann, chairman of the emergency committee,
and Dr. Margaret Chan, the director general of the World Health Organization, at a news confer-
ence in Geneva, Switzerland, on Monday.
the scientific evidence comes out,
people will say why didn’t you
take action?” said Dr. Chan, who
is trying to cast the agency as a
global leader to revive its rep-
utation after a faltering response
during the Ebola epidemic in
West Africa.
But many health experts said
Monday’s announcement lacked
details, and they expressed con-
cern that it would not jolt the
agency into action. Among the
most urgent needs, experts said,
were aggressive efforts to control
the populations of mosquitoes
that spread Zika and know no
boundaries.
“They should have presented a
specific list of interventions and
the most obvious one is mosquito
control,” said Dr. Peter J. Hotez,
the dean of the National School of
Tropical Medicine at Baylor Col-
lege of Medicine. “This is their
window of opportunity.”
If no action is taken, he said, a
country like Haiti, which has
very little public health infra-
structure and nearly nonexistent
mosquito control, could be facing
“tens of thousands of cases of mi-
crocephalic babies seven to nine
months from now.”
The W.H.O. has declared a pub-
containing inputs from the previ-
ous discussion. The officials were
open-minded, and everybody got
a fair hearing,” he said.
“But then at the last meeting in
September, we saw the reverse.
The views of businesses were
strengthened, while those of the
conservationists were reduced.”
The version posted on Jan. 1
largely reflects the situation in
September, he said.
Some, while critical of the new
law, take a less dire view.
Zhou Ke, a law professor at
Renmin University in Beijing
who provided the government
with legal opinions during the
drafting of the bill, said that the
clause addressing animal parts
used in food and medicine would
not affect China’s commitment to
the protection of endangered spe-
cies as required by its own reg-
ulations and international trea-
ties like the Convention on In-
ternational Trade in Endangered
Species. But he agreed that some
of the wording in the draft
“makes it sound like eating wild
animals is now encouraged when
it should be discouraged.”
Supporters of the bill, including
government agencies that man-
age wildlife, have defended using
wild animals as natural re-
sources. In an interview in The
Paper last month, a news site
based in Shanghai, Yan Xun, a
wildlife conservation official at
the State Forestry Administra-
tion of China, called the approach
a necessity for the economy in
“some places.” He did not cite ex-
amples.
“The law was not made just for
animal protection groups,” Mr.
Yan was quoted as saying.
Shifting licensing authority
from the central government to
provincial governments will al-
low regulators to focus on their
main tasks, he added. “We will
have more time to supervise and
make rules,” he told The Paper.
“In the past, we spent most of
our time issuing licenses.”
lic health emergency three times
since 2007, when it first estab-
lished the procedure: in 2009 for
the influenza pandemic; in 2014
when polio seemed resurgent;
and in August 2014 for Ebola.
Many experts applauded the de-
cision to add Zika to the list.
“This makes it formal,” said Dr.
William Schaffner, an infectious
disease specialist at Vanderbilt
University. “If there is a ministry
of health anywhere that hasn’t
Trying to strike a
balance between
alerting the public
and scaring it.
awakened to this problem, this
will do that.”
The last time the W.H.O. de-
clared a public health emergency
was when Ebola was tearing
through West Africa. But the
agency was strongly criticized
for its tardiness in declaring Ebo-
la an international emergency,
Killing of Pilot in Tanzania
Highlights Poaching Fight
By WILLY LOWRY
and JEFFREY GETTLEMAN
ARUSHA, Tanzania — Roger
Gower, an experienced British
helicopter pilot, was flying low
over a wildlife reserve near the
Serengeti National Park in Tan-
zania on Friday, searching for
signs of poaching, when he spot-
ted an elephant carcass. He cir-
cled back for a closer look.
Then gunshots rang out from
below. Apparently he had hap-
pened on the carcass just after
the elephant had been killed, and
the poachers were still on the
scene.
A bullet punctured the under-
side of the helicopter and sliced
through Mr. Gower’s leg and
shoulder. He managed to crash-
land the helicopter, but died of his
injuries soon afterward.
“It’s tragic, what happened,
but this is the reality of what’s go-
ing on,” said Frank Pope, the
chief operations officer for Save
the Elephants, a prominent wild-
life organization in neighboring
Kenya. “You’ve got desperate
people who are armed and com-
mitting a crime. When you’re do-
ing antipoaching operations,
you’re on the sharp end.”
Dozens of wildlife rangers have
been killed in recent years across
Africa, as elephant poaching has
reached a frenzied pitch. Tens of
thousands of elephants have
been slaughtered for their ivory
by the poachers, who have grown
increasingly militarized and
more ruthless.
Tanzanian officials said on
Monday that they were closing in
on the poachers who shot at Mr.
Gower’s helicopter, and that they
had already arrested several ac-
complices, including two who the
authorities said had helped hide
the poachers.
According to Pratik Patel of the
Willy Lowry reported from
Arusha, and Jeffrey Gettleman
from Nairobi, Kenya.
ØN + A11
MARIANA BAZO/REUTERS
and many global health experts
said it was unlikely that the agen-
cy’s director, Dr. Chan, would let
that happen again.
“The W.H.O. took a very seri-
ous hit to their reputation,” said
Dr. Ron Waldman, a professor of
global health at the Milken
School of Public Health at George
Washington University. “They do
have to be mindful of the politics,
but they have to get the science
right, too. They don’t have much
room for slip-ups.”
Still, there are major differ-
ences between Zika and Ebola,
the most significant being that
thousands of people died of Ebo-
la, while Zika is not known to be
fatal.
But some experts said there
were enough indications of a link
between Zika and microcephaly
that global health agencies
should act more aggressively.
“This is not a curveball out of
nowhere,” said Dr. Michael T.
Osterholm, director of the Center
for Infectious Disease Research
and Policy at the University of
Minnesota, adding that there
were cases of microcephaly in
French Polynesia, where Zika
struck in 2014. “Clearly some-
thing is going on.”
Friedkin Conservation Fund, a
nonprofit wildlife charity that
employed Mr. Gower as a pilot,
the suspects in the shooting are
Tanzanian and have poached in
the area before. “We know their
names,” Mr. Patel said.
Tanzania’s elephant population
has declined drastically because
of poaching, to just 43,000 in 2014
from 109,000 in 2009.
The country’s National and
Transnational Serious Crimes In-
vestigation Unit has arrested
several high-profile suspects re-
cently, including Yang Feng Glan,
a Chinese woman who Tanzanian
officials say is “the ivory queen,”
responsible for exporting thou-
sands of tons of ivory to China.
She is awaiting trial in Dar es Sa-
laam, the country’s largest city.
Both poachers and wildlife
rangers across Africa have
turned to military-style tactics. In
October, poachers killed three
rangers and a military officer
who were conducting an anti-
poaching operation in Garamba
National Park in the Democratic
Republic of Congo.
Wayne Lotter, the director of
the PAMS Foundation, a nonprof-
it organization that supports anti-
poaching efforts in Tanzania, said
that elephant poaching there de-
creased in 2015 but that it re-
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mained a serious problem.
“The more you go after them,”
Mr. Lotter said, “the more situa-
tions where confrontation be-
tween poachers and rangers will
take place. There are going to be
risks.”
Mr. Gower, originally from Bir-
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m
mingham, England, had spent
much of the last decade working
in East Africa, often flying anti-
poaching patrols, a mission his
friends said he believed in deeply.
“Very reliable, very safe pilot,”
said Tom Lithgow, who knew him
from a previous wildlife job. “He
was a special character, he had a
great sense of humor, he loved
cricket and he loved his family.”
A12 ØN
TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 2016
The police searched a pond on the Virginia Tech campus on Monday as part of the investigation into the murder of a 13-year-old girl.
Concerns Over Social Media Link to Girl’s Killing
This article is by Hawes Spencer, Sheryl Gay
Stolberg and Richard Pérez-Peña.
BLACKSBURG, Va. — The arrest of two Vir-
ginia Tech students in the abduction and murder
of a 13-year-old girl who posted on a Facebook
group called Teen Dating and Flirting — and
showed a neighbor girl texts she said she had ex-
changed with an 18-year-old man — has set off
new concerns about the dangers to young people
who seek liaisons on social media.
The two students — David Eisenhauer, 18, of
Columbia, Md., and Natalie M. Keepers, 19, of
Laurel, Md., both aspiring engineers — are being
held without bond; they made brief court appear-
ances Monday but did not enter pleas. They are
charged in the death of Nicole Madison Lovell, 13,
a liver transplant recipient who disappeared from
her home here last week.
The murder has stunned this college commu-
nity, though Virginia Tech, the site of a 2007 mas-
sacre that remains the deadliest shooting by a
single gunman in the nation’s history, is no
stranger to sorrow and tragedy. And while the au-
thorities have not said what, if any, role social me-
dia may have played in the killing, the girl’s elec-
tronic communications, and suggestions that she
was bullied, have stirred deep concern here.
Stacey Snider, a neighbor of Nicole and
mother of 8-year-old twins, said one of her daugh-
ters had given law enforcement authorities in-
formation that may have played a role in the ar-
rests. The girls were playing in the snow with
Nicole hours before her disappearance when,
they said, she showed one of them texts she had
exchanged through Kik, a mobile instant messag-
ing app, with an 18-year-old that included plans
for an evening meeting.
“She said that he was 18, but I didn’t think it
was real,” one of the twins, Jaydon Snider, who
said she had seen the text, said in an interview
Monday, in a cul-de-sac near where Nicole lived.
“I was like, ‘You shouldn’t do that.’”
Law enforcement officials have raised con-
cerns about the Kik app as a potential vehicle for
sexual predators; a teacher at the Bronx High
School of Science, whom the police said had used
a messaging app, was arrested last year on
charges of child pornography.
It was not clear whether the 18-year-old was
Mr. Eisenhauer. But in Maryland, the arrests of
two seemingly promising students have shocked
their communities.
Mr. Eisenhauer, a 2015 graduate of Wilde
Lake High School in Columbia, was a high school
track star who was once featured on a Baltimore
television station for his track achievements. “I
Fight Between 2 California Escapees Proved to Be Turning Point
By IAN LOVETT
LOS ANGELES — After five days on
the run, two of the three inmates who
had broken out of an Orange County jail
came to blows as they argued over
whether to kill a taxi driver they had
kidnapped in Southern California and
taken with them to San Jose.
One escaped inmate, Hossein Nayeri,
37, apparently wanted to kill the taxi
driver and bury his body, law enforce-
ment officials said. But another escap-
ee, Bac Duong, 43, objected, and the two
fought inside the motel room where
they were hiding on Wednesday.
The altercation proved to be a turning
point in the statewide hunt for the three
escapees, who had broken out of the Or-
ange County Central Men’s Jail on Jan.
ORANGE COUNTY SHERIFF’S DEPARTMENT, VIA AP
22. All three now face charges for the es-
Hossein Nayeri was taken back to
cape.
jail in Orange County, Calif., on
When Mr. Nayeri and the third escap-
ee, Jonathan Tieu, 20, left the motel on
Sunday after he was recaptured.
Thursday afternoon, Mr. Duong and the
cabdriver took off. The two drove back the eight days they spent on the run.
to Southern California, where Mr. Planning for the escape began in July,
Duong turned himself in on Friday said Capt. Jeff Hallock, a spokesman for
morning, according to Orange County the department, and included coordina-
Sheriff’s Department officials. The oth- tion with people both inside and outside
er fugitives were recaptured the next the jail.
day. Captain Hallock said Mr. Nayeri had
With all three men back in the jail developed a relationship with Noosha-
from which they escaped — this time in farin Ravaghi, 44, who taught English as
isolation — Sheriff’s Department offi- a second language to inmates. Investi-
cials on Monday laid out a timeline of gators arrested Ms. Ravaghi last week
BRETT WINTER LEMON FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
BRETT WINTER LEMON FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Above, the Virginia Tech campus on Mon-
day. Two students of the college, Natalie M.
Keepers, 19, and David Eisenhauer, 18, are
being held without bond in the killing of
Nicole Madison Lovell, a Virginia teenager.
Ms. Keepers, a 2015 graduate of Hammond
High School in Columbia, worked on that school’s
literary magazine and was assistant director of
its theater department. She was arrested Sunday.
Friends and neighbors described Nicole as a
sweet girl; her two Facebook pages are filled with
just have this internal thing saying I want to be the usual stuff of a 13-year-old’s life — posts about
the best,” he said then. The school’s principal, pandas, boyfriends and music. But they also say
she seemed to be connecting with older boys
James LeMon, called Mr. Eisenhauer, who had
through social media in a way they found trou-
moved to Maryland from Washington State, an
bling. One neighbor, Sara Demiri, 15, also said old-
“excellent student athlete.”
er boys on the bus had sometimes bullied Nicole.
Mr. Eisenhauer faces a charge of first-degree
murder. A statement from the Blacksburg police Nicole’s brief comments in the Facebook
said he and Nicole were “acquainted prior to her group Teen Dating and Flirting, a site replete
disappearance” but did not say how. It said that with sexually charged messages — including
Mr. Eisenhauer, who was arrested on Saturday some that appear to be from adults looking to
hours after Nicole’s remains were found in North prey on young people — have also created un-
Carolina, “used this relationship to abduct the 13- ease.
year-old and kill her,” and that Ms. Keepers had “My first thought is that this kid was really
helped him dispose of the body. Continued on Page A20
and said she had provided information spent several nights at a hotel in Rose-
like Google maps that assisted in the es- mead. On Monday, they drove north to
cape. But on Monday, the district at- the Alameda Motel in San Jose, Captain
torney, Tony Rackauckas, said that Hallock said, taking the taxi driver and
there was not enough evidence to his cab with them. The men remained in
charge Ms. Ravaghi and that she would that motel until the fight on Wednesday,
be released. Captain Hallock said.
Loc Ba Nguyen, an associate of Mr. Then, when Mr. Nayeri and Mr. Tieu
Duong’s, has been charged with smug- went to get the windows of the stolen
gling weapons and tools into the jail in van tinted on Thursday, Mr. Duong and
January, before the escape. The three the taxi driver headed back to Rose-
inmates cut metal bars to escape their mead, where they stayed for a night, be-
cell, then rappelled from the roof using fore Mr. Duong surrendered. Mean-
makeshift rope early on Jan. 22. while, sheriff’s officials had put out an
Once on the outside, Mr. Nguyen alert for the stolen van, and on Friday,
picked them up about half a mile from after Mr. Duong’s recapture, they noti-
the jail, Captain Hallock said. fied the public that the men were be-
“During that first day, they bounced lieved to be in Northern California.
between some residential locations” in On Saturday morning, a man in San
Orange County, Captain Hallock said. Francisco spotted the van parked at a
“We believe they obtained some money Whole Foods Market and notified two
from family members or associates.” officers, who approached the vehicle.
At 9:30 that night, shortly after the Mr. Nayeri ran and was captured after a
Sheriff’s Department realized the men short chase; Mr. Tieu was found hiding
had escaped, the fugitives called a taxi in the van. The two men were returned
to take them to Rosemead, east of Los to Orange County early Sunday.
Angeles. Mr. Duong stuck a gun in the Before the escape, Mr. Nayeri faced
cabdriver’s ribs and told him that he charges of kidnapping and torture in
was coming with them, and the four of connection with the abduction of a mari-
them spent the night at an undisclosed juana dispensary owner in 2012. He had
location, officials said. been held without bond since 2014.
For the next couple of days, the es- Mr. Duong is charged with attempted
capees moved around Los Angeles murder, and had been held without
County, where they visited a hair salon bond since December. Mr. Tieu is
in an effort to change their appear- charged with murder and attempted
ances, stole a white utility van and murder, and had been held since 2013.
San Francisco
Will Have
U.S. Review
Police Tactics
By TIMOTHY WILLIAMS
The Justice Department announced
Monday that it will conduct a sweeping
review of the San Francisco Police De-
partment, looking at everything from
episodes involving the use of force to of-
ficer training and stops of civilians.
The review was requested by Edwin
M. Lee, San Francisco’s mayor, after po-
lice officers fatally shot an African-
American man, Mario Woods, 26, on a
city street on Dec. 2. Mobile phone video
of the shooting was made public,
prompting protests and calls for the po-
lice chief’s resignation.
“This will be a very in-depth analy-
sis,” said Noble Wray, who heads the
federal office responsible for the review.
“It is a tremendous asset to law en-
forcement for the Justice Department to
come in and provide technical assist-
ance.”
San Francisco is the latest big city
over the past year to have a federal re-
view of its police department, after Chi-
cago, Baltimore, Philadelphia and Mil-
waukee.
The inquiries into the departments
were prompted in part by the deaths of
African-Americans at the hands of po-
lice officers, and by the release of cell-
phone videos recorded by bystanders
that called into question the circum-
stances and frequency in which police
officers shoot people.
Because San Francisco sought the
federal review, following the recom-
mendations of the Justice Department’s
Office of Community Oriented Policing
Services will be voluntary.
But if San Francisco fails to make
changes quickly enough, the Justice De-
partment could sue to force an over-
haul, as it has done in nearly two dozen
cities in recent years.
Mobile phone videos of Mr. Woods’s
shooting were disseminated online;
some of the footage was taken by people
in a nearby city bus. The videos show
Mr. Woods surrounded by several police
officers who have their guns drawn and
A fatal shooting that
sparked protests prompts
new scrutiny of a force.
aimed at him. The police said Mr.
Woods had a knife.
Mr. Woods, who is initially seen
standing with his back to a wall, ap-
pears to be agitated and is gesturing
with his arms.
As Mr. Woods starts to walk away, his
arms at his sides, a police officer is seen
stepping into his path and firing his
weapon. At least 15 shots were fired by
at least five officers, the police said.
The police said that Mr. Woods was
being investigated in connection with a
nonfatal stabbing earlier in the day, and
that the officers were trying to prevent
him from harming others. The depart-
ment said that the officers had used
pepper spray and fired bean bag rounds
to try to disarm Mr. Woods, but that
they could not get him to drop the knife.
The shooting led to numerous pro-
tests and calls for the firing of Greg
Suhr, San Francisco’s police chief, who
has said his officers should be equipped
with Tasers to prevent similar shoot-
ings.
Chief Suhr announced his own
changes in the weeks after the shoot-
ings, including a directive that officers
file use-of-force reports after they point
their gun at someone — a requirement
that has long been standard in other de-
partments.
The chief also said officers’ training is
now more focused on ways to de-esca-
late potentially fatal encounters, and
less on using deadly force.
Mr. Woods’s family has filed a federal
civil rights lawsuit against the city.
The federal review announced on
Monday will include interviewing mem-
bers of the city’s shrinking African-
American population, which has long
complained that police officers have
mistreated them, including frequently
using excessive force and making ar-
rests in minority neighborhoods for
small amounts of marijuana that would
be ignored elsewhere in the city.
The review will take 18 to 24 months,
the Justice Department said.
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The shooting of Mr. Woods occurred
several months after more than a dozen
San Francisco police officers were
found to have exchanged text messages
that discussed lynching African-Ameri-
cans, and that disparaged gays, Mex-
icans, Filipinos and others.
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m
Chief Suhr sought to fire some of the
officers involved, but in December a Su-
perior Court judge ruled that the de-
partment had illegally tried to discipline
the officers after the expiration of a one-
year statute of limitations.
A review of some 3,000 cases handled
by the officers who sent and received
the text messages is continuing, to de-
termine if the arrests or prosecutions
were tainted by the officers’ beliefs.

Clearing the Way for Outsiders
Since outsider, anti-establish-
ment White House candidates
are all the rage, consider this
one: scant executive experience,
brief time in federal office, a bold
if not arrogant
CARL HULSE willingness to
challenge much
ON
more seasoned
WASHINGTON politicians, an as-
pirational platform
with little track record to back it
up, and a minority to boot.
Ted Cruz? Hardly. This outsid-
er candidate is already in the
White House: Barack Obama, a
two-term president who changed
the way Americans and candi-
dates think about the qualifica-
tions and experience necessary
to be president.
As a junior senator back in
2006, Mr. Obama was urged by al-
lies to run for president precisely
because he had spent such a
short time in Washington that he
had not built up the legislative
record or earned the insider im-
age that could weigh him down
like, say, Hillary Clinton.
“It was almost a liability to
have any experience or ties to
Washington,” said Tom Daschle,
the former Democratic Senate
leader from South Dakota, who
was among those encouraging
Mr. Obama to run before it was
too late.
It is hard to imagine Mr. Cruz
and his fellow Republican sena-
tors Marco Rubio and Rand Paul
running as credible contenders
had it not been for Mr. Obama’s
success. All are in their first
term, and Mr. Cruz, like Mr. Oba-
ma, announced his candidacy for
the White House after less than
three years in the Senate. None
of the three Republicans has led a
committee, and all have spent
most of their time in the Senate in
the minority party.
As for his own party, Mr. Oba-
ma also no doubt cleared the way
for Senator Bernie Sanders of
Vermont, a democratic socialist
mounting a progressive bid to
shake up the status quo in the na-
tion’s capital and relying strongly
on his appeal to young voters
with little interest in embracing
what they see as the moth-eaten
Washington ways.
Before Mr. Obama’s victory,
the ticket to a major party presi-
dential nomination since John F.
Kennedy had been a well-sea-
soned national pedigree or a stint
Senator Barack Obama, in 2006, ran for president after less than three years in the Senate.
$1 Billion Planned for Cancer ‘Moonshot’
By GARDINER HARRIS
WASHINGTON — The Obama
administration announced on
Monday that it hoped to spend $1
billion to fund a cancer “moon-
shot” in search of a cure. But in
the costly world of biological re-
search, such a sum may be better
described as a cancer slingshot,
researchers said.
“The good news is that the
budget is no longer being cut,”
said Dr. Peter Adamson, the
chairman of the Children’s Oncol-
ogy Group, which conducts na-
tional clinical trials. “But we’re
not going to the moon on $1 bil-
lion.”
The stated goal of the initiative
is to spur a decade’s worth of ad-
vances in cancer research in five
years. The administration will
ask for $755 million for cancer-
related research in its budget for
the 2017 fiscal year, officials said.
And the initiative will help over-
see $195 million in new funding
provided to the National Insti-
tutes of Health for the current fis-
cal year.
But the administration has nei-
ther the time nor the money to
come close to achieving its goal
in an area in which major ad-
vances often take a decade and
many billions to achieve. The ad-
ministration’s $1 billion commit-
ment is not enough to fund even
half of the cost of a new cancer
medicine, according to a widely
cited estimate of drug develop-
ment costs.
Still, the White House has
made the effort a centerpiece of
its agenda as it faces a recalci-
trant Congress and a political
season that has stolen much of
the spotlight.
in a governor’s mansion. Consid-
er Lyndon B. Johnson, Richard
M. Nixon, Jimmy Carter, Ronald
Reagan, both George Bushes and
Bill Clinton. Mr. Obama, then, is
the clear outlier in that list in
terms of legislative or executive
experience.
The losers in some of those
contests were even more notable
for their Washington résumés:
Vice President Hubert H. Hum-
phrey, a former senator; Senator
George McGovern; Walter Mon-
dale, a former vice president and
senator; Bob Dole, a former Sen-
ate majority leader: Vice Presi-
dent Al Gore, a former senator;
Senators John Kerry and John
McCain. Both parties clearly
have seen Washington gravitas
as essential.
Mr. Obama’s candidacy also
heightened another element in
presidential politics that is glar-
ingly obvious in today’s cam-
paign — celebrity. While he was a
freshman member of the Senate
Anti-establishment?
Try the guy in the
White House.
with limited influence inside the
institution, he was the most
sought-after candidate on the
campaign trail, drawing huge
crowds eager for a fresh face.
It goes without saying that the
current celebrity candidate is
Donald J. Trump, a reality televi-
sion star who has never cast a
vote in a legislative body, provid-
ing him with the ultimate protec-
tion against anyone trying to pin
him down on his positions. Mr.
Trump is building on the Obama
model in some ways but coming
at it from an entirely different di-
rection, one fueled more by anger
than hope.
Mr. Obama was a fund-raising
machine, attracting hundreds of
millions of dollars outside the
party apparatus, keeping him
free of conventional party alle-
giances and obligations. Once in
office, he held on to his outsider
status to a large degree, keeping
his distance from Congress and
not engaging in the sort of Wash-
ington backslapping that in the
A figure that
researchers say pales
next to the goal.
Josh Earnest, the White House
press secretary, said the cancer
initiative was one of three major
priorities that President Obama
planned to discuss on Tuesday
during a White House meeting
with the Senate majority leader,
Mitch McConnell of Kentucky,
and the House speaker, Paul D.
Ryan of Wisconsin.
An unstated goal of the initia-
tive is to help Vice President Jo-
seph R. Biden Jr. honor the life of
his son Beau, who died from
brain cancer last year. Mr. Bi-
den’s very public grief transfixed
Washington and led to an out-
pouring of sympathy from both
Republicans and Democrats. One
of the most emotional moments
of Mr. Obama’s final State of the
Union speech last month was
when he turned around and said
he was putting Mr. Biden “in
charge of mission control” for the
cancer moonshot.
“For the loved ones we’ve all
lost, for the families that we can
still save, let’s make America the
country that cures cancer once
and for all,” Mr. Obama said to a
rare round of bipartisan ap-
plause.
Last week, the administration
announced the creation of a can-
cer task force to be led by Mr. Bi-
den, and its first meeting took
place on Monday.
Dr. Francis S. Collins, the di-
THE NEW YORK TIMES NATIONAL TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 2016 N A13
past was seen as important in
getting initiatives through the
House and Senate.
Lawmakers saw him as aloof,
an impression the White House
staff would occasionally try to
shake by putting lawmakers on
Air Force One or having them
play a round of golf with him.
With less than a year left in the
president’s tenure, some in the
White House now wonder if it
would have been better to em-
brace his outsider demeanor en-
tirely, to let Obama be Obama
from the start and drop any pre-
tense of buttering up those on
Capitol Hill or playing the Wash-
ington game.
Some of those who were with
him at the time say it would have
been a risky approach. The times
were too unsettling with the eco-
nomic crisis and two wars to
wind down, and Mr. Obama was
already seen as such a different
political creature that going full
outsider could have shaken the
public.
“It is easy to say now that we
should have owned this from the
beginning,” said David Axelrod,
the president’s former chief polit-
ical adviser. “But at the time, giv-
en the fragility of the economy
and the country, you already felt
you were walking on eggshells.
People were looking for stability.”
Recently, though, the president
has shown more inclination to tell
people what he really thinks. His
State of the Union address was a
long list of where he thinks Re-
publicans — and some Demo-
crats — are wrong about issues
from immigration to the economy
to the way democracy works. His
declaration that the Islamic State
does “not threaten our national
existence” even as Republicans
were making inroads with wor-
ried voters on national security
was another example of the pres-
ident’s willingness to break with
convention.
“I think what you have seen in
the last two years is him being
freed of the burden of running for
his own election or anyone
else’s,” Mr. Axelrod said.
With voting actually beginning
in the presidential primaries to
replace him, the results will ulti-
mately show whether this outsid-
er president paved the way for
another or whether wary voters
still value experience.
DOUG MILLS/ THE NEW YORK TIMES
rector of the National Institutes
of Health, welcomed the new
money to fight cancer, though it
represents a small increase for
an agency with a 2016 budget of
$32 billion, and he acknowledged
that progress against the disease
will continue to be incremental.
“But slow incremental
progress isn’t as good as fast in-
cremental progress,” Dr. Collins
said.
The administration said the
new money would fund eight
areas of cutting-edge research,
including cancer vaccine devel-
opment, early detection, immu-
notherapy, enhanced data shar-
ing and pediatric cancer. Some of
the money will be used to reshuf-
fle the way the Food and Drug
Administration considers appli-
cations for products that affect
cancer. Those applications are
now sent to different divisions
within the agency depending on
whether the product is a drug, a
vaccine or a diagnostic test.
“Better integration at the
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F.D.A. could really make a differ-
ence,” said Ellen Sigal, the chair-
woman and founder of Friends of
Cancer Research, an advocacy
group.
Despite the relatively modest
investment, some researchers
said that attention from the
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m
White House could help spur
changes that money could not
buy.
“This is not a moonshot, since
there’s not nearly enough money
for such a thing,” said Dr. Robert
Cook-Deegan, a research profes-
sor at Duke University. “But if
they could spur a change in the
culture of cancer research, that
would be an important legacy.”
A14 N THE NEW YORK TIMES NATIONAL TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 2016
A Burned Smokehouse
Darkens a Small Town
And a Broader Cause
By SHERYL GAY STOLBERG
SURRY, Va. — Sam Edwards
learned the art of curing country
hams growing up here on the
banks of the James River, from
his father and grandfather before
him. They taught him the secrets
of salt and hickory smoke, and
how to know when the meat is
just the right shade of mahogany,
ready to be aged like fine bour-
bon or wine.
As the president and cure mas-
ter of Edwards Virginia Smoke-
house, the company his grandfa-
ther founded in 1926, Mr. Ed-
wards, 59, has turned those les-
sons into haute cuisine. Food crit-
ics say his finest dry-cured aged
ham rivals European classics —
prosciutto from Italy, jamón Ser-
rano from Spain. “Surryano,” Mr.
Edwards called it — a clever
marketing riff that brought rural
Surry County a whiff of foodie
fame.
But two weeks ago, Edwards
Virginia Smokehouse burned to
the ground, in a spectacular con-
flagration that erupted while
workers were on their lunchtime
break. The fire caused no inju-
ries, but it has left this close-knit
community in shock, destroying
a business that is deeply em-
bedded in local lore and depriv-
ing rural Surry County of one of
its largest employers outside the
local nuclear plant.
“It’s going to trickle down to
everybody in town,” said Mary
Alma Savedge, who went to
school with Mr. Edwards’s sister.
She and her husband own a trac-
tor dealership and an auto-parts
store; Mr. Edwards is a custom-
er. She often buys lunch at the
Edwards retail shop, closed for
now, along with the rest of the
business. Her son, a volunteer
firefighter, helped fight the
smokehouse fire. “This is all in-
tertwined,” she said.
The fire has had ripple effects
far beyond Surry. Heritage farm-
ers here and in the Midwest, who
raise the rare-breed hogs Mr. Ed-
wards requires for his specialty
pork, have lost their biggest cus-
tomer. A Brooklyn purveyor of
sustainable meats who buys
those farmers’ hogs and sells Mr.
Edwards his pork is grappling
with a break in his supply chain.
Chefs from Washington to New
York are busy adjusting their
menus.
“We might bring on another
Human Error Possible in Deadly ’15 Amtrak Derailment, Documents Suggest
By EMMA G. FITZSIMMONS
Federal officials investigating
an Amtrak derailment in Phila-
delphia last year left open the
possibility on Monday that hu-
man error led to the crash as they
released documents showing that
no problems were found with the
train or with the tracks and sig-
nals at the site of the accident.
While the National Transporta-
tion Safety Board did not lay
blame on the train’s engineer or
identify a probable cause for the
derailment, officials said they
would release their full findings
and possibly recommendations in
the next few months.
The safety board on Monday
released hundreds of pages of re-
ports from the investigation into
the May 12 derailment, which
killed eight people and injured
more than 200 others. The docu-
ments included transcripts of two
interviews with the engineer,
Brandon Bostian, providing the
best look yet at his memories of
Ron Nixon contributed reporting.
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American ham maker — we al-
ways like to rotate — but Ed-
wards was a staple,” said Mat-
thew Rudofker, the executive
chef at Momofuku Ssam Bar in
Manhattan. “Nothing can replace
them.”
Mr. Edwards, a big man with
an easy manner, has vowed to re-
build; he employs 35 people year-
round and as many as 60 at
Christmastime. He said he would
pay them as long as he could.
But while hams can be re-
placed, he said, some of what he
lost cannot. The fire consumed
priceless family artifacts: pho-
tographs, his grandfather’s
horse-drawn sleigh, a hand-
cranked phone from the 1940s,
the brass skeleton key to the orig-
inal smokehouse his grandfather
built.
“I look at it like, ‘This is life,’”
Mr. Edwards said last week after
a quick tour of his property,
where freezers had been reduced
to mangled, twisted wrecks. Fire-
blackened hams, picked over by
dogs, sat in a pile out back. “As
heartbroken as we are, I’m a
plodder. I’ll just keep going on,”
he said.
Surry County, across the
James River from Jamestown, is
rich in American history; its
courthouse has parchment
deeds, written in Colonial-era
cursive, that date to 1652. People
in this region have been salt-
curing country ham for centuries.
Smithfield, the nation’s largest
processor of pork, is in Smith-
field, Va., just down the river.
But for lovers of Edwards ham,
Smithfield just won’t do: The
Berkshire hogs and piglets at Tony Seward’s farm in Surry. He
gave up growing row crops to breed hogs for the Edwardses.
the crash.
In an interview three days af-
ter the accident, Mr. Bostian told
investigators he had hurt his
head and did not remember the
crash. He said he did not recall
any mechanical problems during
the trip, though he remembered a
loud wind noise from a nearby
window.
Shortly before the crash, Mr.
Bostian said, he grew worried
when he heard over his radio that
the windshield of a nearby train
had been hit by an object. “I was
a little bit concerned for my safe-
ty,” Mr. Bostian told investiga-
tors.
The train, en route from Wash-
ington to New York, hurtled off
the tracks in Philadelphia shortly
after 9 p.m. It was traveling 106
miles per hour as it entered a
curve where the speed limit was
50 m.p.h.
In a second interview, in No-
vember, Mr. Bostian said he re-
membered a few more details, in-
cluding the moments before the
derailment as he lurched to one
side and began to apply the
brakes. He said he felt the train
tip over and realized it was going
off the tracks.
“I remember holding onto the
controls tightly and feeling like,
O.K. well this is it, I’m going
over,” he said.
Mr. Bostian, who told investi-
gators there were gaps in his
memory, said he believed he ac-
celerated from 70 m.ph. shortly
before the crash because he
thought the speed limit in the
stretch before the curve was 80
m.p.h. Pushing the throttle to ac-
celerate to 80 m.p.h. was the last
thing he remembered until he
The remains of Edwards Vir-
ginia Smokehouse, above, in
Surry, Va. Charred hams, top
left, among the rubble. At
right, Samuel Edwards III
with his son, Samuel Edwards
IV. The family business was
founded in 1926.
pork behemoth was bought by a
Chinese company in 2013, creat-
ing a stir here. “They might as
well be in China,” said Bess Rich-
ardson, who coordinates volun-
teers for the Surry County His-
torical Society.
Mr. Edwards, born Samuel
Wallace Edwards III, has deep
roots here. A great-grandfather,
Albert Jester, owned and ran the
ferry that connected the county
to Jamestown. His son-in-law
was Mr. Edwards’s grandfather,
Samuel Wallace Edwards Sr., a
ferry captain whose ham sand-
wiches so delighted customers
that he went into business for
himself.
Longtime residents remember
the elder Edwards carting his
hogs on a tractor-driven wagon
through the center of town.
The younger Mr. Edwards took
over the business in the early
1990s after his father, Samuel
Wallace Edwards Jr., retired. He
expanded it into specialty fare,
found himself in the curve.
At night, Mr. Bostian said it
was difficult to see where the
curve began. “It would be easy to
hit the curve a little bit hot by 5 or
10 miles an hour if you weren’t
being careful and looking very
carefully at the cues because it
can sneak up on you,” he said.
In one safety board report, offi-
cials noted that Mr. Bostian said
he did not look for speed re-
striction signs near the tracks be-
cause he believed they were
sometimes missing or wrong. A
footnote explained that Amtrak
said the permanent speed re-
The aftermath of the crash in Philadelphia that killed eight people and injured more than 200.
marketing boutique foods like
turducken, and became a re-
spected figure in farm-to-table
circles, said Patrick Martins, the
founder of Heritage Foods USA,
the Brooklyn company that sells
Edwards Virginia Smokehouse
its meat.
Here in Surry, Tony Seward, a
local farmer, gave up growing
row crops in order to breed herit-
age black-and-white Berkshire
hogs for Mr. Edwards. The men
have known each other all their
lives. “He’s 90 percent of our
market,” Mr. Seward said, “and
he’ll be the one that’s going to get
me through this.”
The cause of the fire remains a
mystery. Tyrone Franklin, the
Surry County administrator,
called it “a nightmare” for the lo-
cal economy, adding that “after
the event, I didn’t really get a
whole lot of sleep.”
The fire broke out around 12:40
p.m. on a Tuesday. Mr. Edwards
said he was in his office, on the
phone. “I smelled smoke, and it
wasn’t hickory smoke,” he said.
“It smelled like plastic burning.”
striction sign for the curve where
the derailment took place was
“properly displayed with the cor-
rect speed of 50 m.p.h.”
The report said Mr. Bostian
tested negative for drugs and al-
cohol, had not been under high
levels of stress and had not been
given a diagnosis of a sleep dis-
order. In January 2015 he had
Lasik eye surgery and no longer
wore glasses, the report said.
Lawyers representing people
killed or injured in the derailment
said on Monday it was significant
that Mr. Bostian had acknowl-
edged that he was accelerating
PHOTOGRAPHS BY CHET STRANGE FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
He yelled to the office workers
to get out — most others were at
lunch — and called 911, he said,
then rushed to the back of the
property to cut off the propane
gas tanks. He tried to dash back
into the office to grab his comput-
er hard drives, but it was too late.
“The offices were fully engulfed,”
he said.
About 125 firefighters from 12
companies in the region spent
two days rotating through Surry
to fight the fire, said Mark Sew-
ard, the volunteer fire chief in
Surry and a distant relative of
Tony Seward’s.
He deemed it not suspicious; it
will be up to insurance investiga-
tors to assess the damage and de-
termine the cause.
On a cold, gray afternoon last
week, Mr. Edwards was holed up
with those investigators, working
out of the trailer that usually
serves as the company’s lunch-
room and is now a makeshift of-
fice. His national sales manager
was hunched over a laptop, filling
orders. (The company, which
typically ships about 50,000 hams
the train. The victims of the crash
are still struggling to understand
why the crash happened, said
Robert J. Mongeluzzi, one of the
lawyers.
“Nowhere in the 2,200 pages of
documents is there any justifica-
tion for why Brandon Bostian
was going 106 miles per hour,” he
said.
Investigators examined Mr.
Bostian’s cellphone and found no
evidence that he was using it at
the time of the crash. They have
also focused on reports that two
trains in the area were struck by
flying objects on the night of the
PATRICK SEMANSKY/ASSOCIATED PRESS
a year, still has 14,000 in cold stor-
age off site.) His plant superin-
tendent was drawing up lists of
equipment and inventory.
His son, Samuel Wallace Ed-
wards IV, who goes by Sammy,
had been digging through the
rubble with the maintenance
manager, J. C. Judkins III, look-
ing for the old smokehouse key.
The younger Mr. Edwards, 26,
cradled it in his hands. It was
charred but intact.
Mr. Judkins, a burly man in a
knitted cap, fought back tears.
“It’s not one of those things you
can find the words for,” he said.
“This is all extended family.”
Mr. Edwards is more stoic than
tearful. Yet there is an image he
cannot get out of his mind: a pho-
tograph taken as his company
burned down. Part of the sign
that read EDWARDS had
dropped off, leaving only four let-
ters: D-A-D-S.
He wondered, he said, if his fa-
ther and grandfather were talk-
ing to him. He could almost hear
them saying, “This was my
place.”
accident.
On Sunday night, an Acela
train traveling from Washington
to New York was struck by an ob-
ject around 7 p.m., not far from
the site of the derailment in the
Bridesburg section of Philadel-
phia. Amtrak is investigating the
incident, which did not lead to in-
juries to the passengers or the
crew, said Craig Schulz, a spokes-
man.
Mr. Bostian, 32, who grew up
near Memphis and long had an
interest in trains, had been work-
ing for Amtrak as an engineer
based in New York since 2012, the
documents said. He is on unpaid
administrative leave.
Mr. Bostian’s colleagues
praised his job performance in in-
terviews with investigators. One
conductor said Mr. Bostian was
“on top of his game” and “very
knowledgeable of the territory.”
The derailment renewed calls
for railroads to install a system,
known as positive train control,
that safety officials said could
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have prevented the crash. The
technology, which can automat-
ically slow or stop a train, was not
in operation on the tracks where
the crash occurred.
Congress extended the dead-
line last year for commuter and
freight railroads to install the
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m
system. In December, Amtrak
said it had been installed on all
tracks it owns between Washing-
ton and New York.
Mr. Schulz said the railroad
was cooperating with the safety
board. “The goal is for us to fully
understand what happened and
how we can prevent a similar
tragedy from occurring in the fu-
ture,” he said.
 THE NEW YORK TIMES, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 2016 N A15

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ident minimum set by the Lincoln Treasury. That’s why everyone should be taking full Vault Bricks loaded with five State Silver Bars before they’re all gone. And here’s the best part. Every resident who gets at least
two Vault Bricks is also getting free shipping and free handling. That’s a real steal because all other state residents must pay over six hundred dollars for each State Vault Brick.
A16 Ø N + THE NEW YORK TIMES, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 2016

ELECTION 2016

Little Separates Sanders and Clinton in Tight Race in Iowa

From Page A1
stakes for their next face-off, the
primary next Tuesday in New
Hampshire. Mr. Sanders holds a
solid lead in polls there and has
the advantage of being from Ver-
mont; candidates from neighbor-
ing states have won the state’s
primary in recent decades, and
Mr. Sanders is admired in the
state.
Clinton advisers said late Mon-
day night that Mr. and Mrs. Clin-
ton were discussing bringing on
additional staff members to
strengthen her campaign opera-
tion now that a pitched battle
may lie ahead against Mr. Sand-
ers. The advisers said they did
not know if a significant staff sha-
keup was at hand, but they said
that the Clintons were disap-
pointed with Monday night’s re-
sult and wanted to ensure that
her organization, political mes-
saging and communications
strategy were in better shape for
the contests to come.
At her caucus night party here,
Mrs. Clinton sought to put the
best face on a tight result that
had nearly half of Democrats vot-
ing against her. “As I stand here
tonight breathing a big sigh of re-
lief — thank you, Iowa!” she said,
joined on stage by Mr. Clinton
and their daughter, Chelsea.
“I am excited about really get-
ting into the debate with Senator
Sanders about the best way for-
A clear message that
income inequality
weighs on voters.
ward to fight for us and Amer-
ica,” Mrs. Clinton said.
Mr. Sanders, who spoke short-
ly after she finished, laughed as
his crowd chanted “feel the
Bern,” his campaign’s unofficial
slogan. “Thank you — Iowa,
thank you!” Mr. Sanders said.
Noting that he began his Iowa
campaign with “no name recog-
nition” and “no money,” Mr.
Sanders drew ecstatic cheers as
he said he took on the Clintons —
“the most powerful political or-
ganization in the United States of
America” — and drove them into
a tie.
“I think the people of Iowa
have sent a very profound mes-
sage to the political establish-
ment, to the economic establish-
ment, and by the way, to the me-
dia establishment,” Mr. Sanders
said. “That is, given the enor-
mous crises facing our country, it
is just too late for establishment
politics and establishment eco-
nomics.”
The results suggested that Mr.
Sanders would be a strong oppo-
nent of Mrs. Clinton’s for a long
time. The voters sent a clear mes-
sage that income inequality
weighed on their minds, with
more than one in four Demo-
cratic voters saying the issue was
the most important facing the na-
tion, according to surveys of vot-
ers leaving the polls.
Mr. Sanders’s strong perform-
ance in Iowa was a significant
milestone in a campaign in which
he began 40 percentage points
behind Mrs. Clinton when they
both declared their candidacies
last spring. Many Democrats pri-
vately dismissed Mr. Sanders as
Amy Chozick contributed report-
ing.
a left-wing fringe candidate who
had no real chance of defeating
Mrs. Clinton anywhere other
than his home state of Vermont,
where his democratic socialist
politics were not as exotic as
many Democratic Party leaders
found them.
But Mr. Sanders proved to be a
rigorously disciplined candidate,
delivering the same powerful
message inveighing against es-
tablishment politics, Wall Street
and the benefits enjoyed by the
wealthy and the well-connected.
The Clintons are now hoping
for a surprise performance in
New Hampshire, where they
have campaigned and connected
with voters since 1992, when Mr.
Clinton came in a strong second
place in the state’s primary, and
Mrs. Clinton won the 2008 prima-
ry over Barack Obama, then a
senator who had earlier won the
Iowa caucuses.
Steve Duprey, a Republican na-
tional committeeman from New
Hampshire, said the Iowa results
could pose problems for both
Democrats in the Granite State.
“Losing to Senator Sanders
could end up starting a wildfire
that quickly gets out of control
for the Clinton campaign,” Mr.
Duprey said of the close vote in
Iowa. “It will give Sanders mo-
mentum in New Hampshire for
sure. If Sanders wins Iowa and DOUG MILLS/THE NEW YORK TIMES
New Hampshire, that southern
firewall the Clinton campaign is
Blake Cooper Griffin, center, a volunteer from Los Angeles, watched the results come in at Hillary Clinton’s rally in Des Moines.
counting on could go up in flames
— quickly.”
Conversely, if Mrs. Clinton
ekes out a victory in Iowa, Mr.
Duprey said it would give her
“some much needed momentum
in New Hampshire — and if she
can build that into a New Hamp-
shire win, I think it will start the
death rattle of the Sanders cam-
paign.”
George Maglaras, a Clinton
supporter who is a commissioner
of Strafford County, N.H., pre-
dicted that Mrs. Clinton would
have a lock on the Democratic
nomination if she won New
Hampshire on top of a close race
in Iowa.
“Any other combination means
we are in for a longer nomination
process than many had anticipat-
ed early on,” Mr. Maglaras, a for-
mer mayor of Dover, N.H., added.
Referring to New Hampshire res-
idents, he said, “If they vote with
their heads it will be Clinton. If
they vote with their hearts it will
be Sanders.”
After losing the Iowa caucuses
in 2008 to Mr. Obama, another in-
surgent candidate who she led in
the polls for months, Mrs. Clinton
vowed to campaign differently
here this time around, holding
small events with handpicked
voters to learn about the lives
and issues for voters here — and
to be shown doing so, humbly
and thoughtfully, in Iowa televi- TODD HEISLER/THE NEW YORK TIMES
sion newscasts. While she long
Supporters of Senator Bernie Sanders of Vermont checked their cellphones for news at his party in Des Moines on Monday night.
said that Iowa would be a tight
race, and improved upon her 2008
performance when she won 29.5 who mistrusted her pragmatic widely supported by younger given her support from several ing that netted $20 million in Jan-
percent and fell to third place be- style of politics and her ties to voters and independents, but vot- hundred superdelegates who uary alone, compared with $37
hind John Edwards, Mrs. Clinton wealthy interests and Wall ers 65 and older accounted for count toward the nomination. million for Mrs. Clinton in the last
nonetheless hoped that she Street. about three in 10 Democratic vot- The Clinton campaign has ex- three months of 2015. (The Clin-
would start exorcising the ghosts Mr. Sanders, 74, drew strong ers and they strongly favored pressed confidence to allies that ton campaign on Monday de-
of 2008 with a victory here, and support from first-time Demo- Mrs. Clinton. she can afford to lose Iowa, as clined requests for its January
she campaigned hard for it. cratic caucusgoers, who account- As the results trickled in, the well as the New Hampshire pri- fund-raising number.)
Mrs. Clinton, 68, performed ed for more than four in 10 voters, third candidate in the Democratic mary because of her strength in Sanders advisers say he now
well on Monday night among according to polls conducted by contest, former Gov. Martin big-state, delegate-rich primaries has both money — $28.3 million
women, moderates and older Io- Edison Research of voters as O’Malley of Maryland, an- and in the South . on hand, compared with $38 mil-
wans who rallied behind her they entered caucus locations nounced that he was pulling out   Both candidates planned to lion for Mrs. Clinton — and the
promises to build on President throughout the state Monday of the race. fly to New Hampshire over- political momentum to compete
Obama’s policies and fight for the evening. But these voters made With Iowa accounting for only night and planned to resume vigorously not just in New Hamp-
needs of families. Her shifts to up a smaller share of the Demo- 1 percent of the delegates at stake campaigning there on Tuesday. shire but in upcoming primaries
the left on trade, the environment cratic electorate on Monday than in the Democratic nomination Mr. Sanders developed  a bet- in South Carolina, Massachu-
and gay marriage helped her win they did in 2008, when 57 percent race, Mrs. Clinton is already far ter-financed operation here than setts, and Georgia and caucuses
over Democrats, though not the of Democratic caucusgoers were ahead of Mr. Sanders in the dele- the Clinton team expected, in Nevada, Minnesota, and else-
many liberals and young people first-timers. Mr. Sanders was also gate count that matters most, thanks to robust online fund-rais- where.

O’Malley and Huckabee End Campaigns After Poor Showings in Caucuses

By ASHLEY PARKER
Martin O’Malley, the former
Democratic governor of Mary-
land, and Mike Huckabee, the
former Republican governor of
Arkansas, ended their presiden-
tial campaigns Monday night af-
ter disappointing finishes in the
Iowa caucuses.
Mr. O’Malley, facing only two
opponents, finished with less
than one percent of the vote. “To-
night I have to tell you that I am
ending this presidential bid,” he
told supporters in Des Moines,
“but I am not ending this fight.”
Mr. Huckabee fared almost as
poorly, earning less than 2 per-
cent of his party’s support. “I am
officially suspending my cam-
paign,” he wrote on Twitter.
whose populist message of fight- tist preacher and onetime host of
ing Wall Street and the nation’s his own Fox News show, won the
big banks has electrified the Iowa caucuses in 2008, but need-
Democratic base. ed a strong finish in the state,
Mr. Sanders seized much of the with its deeply religious and con-
progressive enthusiasm that Mr. servative base, to justify continu-
O’Malley had hoped to capture. ing on this time around.
The former governor seemed un- With a new book, “God, Guns,
willing to attack Mrs. Clinton, Grits and Gravy,” that embodied
and failed to harness the anti- his folksy charm, Mr. Huckabee
establishment anger that Mr. again campaigned with Chuck
Sanders so ably channeled. Norris, the action movie star and
To help prop up his campaign, martial artist who had helped
Mr. O’Malley took out a loan last add a twist of whimsy — and
year. The borrowing came as he tough talk — to Mr. Huckabee’s
stopped paying many of his aides previous presidential bid. But
since moving them to Iowa. On facing an angry, frustrated Re-
Sunday, his campaign said he publican electorate, Mr. Hucka-
was over $500,000 in debt and bee’s wit and homey appeal failed
had just $169,444 cash on hand. to electrify, and he was cut from
Mr. O’Malley, 53, tried to high- the main debate stage as his poll
light his relative youth by strum- numbers stagnated
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“Thank you for all your loyal sup-
port.”
Mr. O’Malley, also a former
mayor of Baltimore, never gained
traction in the small Democratic
field, failing to capture the in-
terest — much less the hearts —
of most voters.
ming his guitar in bars (and, Nonetheless, he hoped to turn
once, on Wall Street). He had out voters in Iowa. He completed
hoped to win over working-class the “Full Grassley” — visiting all
white voters, but in Iowa fell well of Iowa’s 99 counties, in a feat
below the 15 percent in most pre- named after the state’s senior
cincts to be considered “viable.” senator, Charles E. Grassley —
If a candidate was not viable, his and made 150 stops in the state in
PATRICK SEMANSKY/ASSOCIATED PRESS
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m

or her supporters instead be- January alone, according to his

He was outflanked by Hillary
Clinton, whose message of prag-
matic competence has helped
drive a campaign that offers
Democrats the chance to make
history by electing the first fe-
male president, and by Senator
Bernie Sanders of Vermont,
Michael M. Grynbaum contribut-
ed reporting.
came fair game for viable candi-
dates.
At one caucus in Indianola,
Iowa, the few O’Malley support-
ers who showed up were not sure
they would reach the minimum.  the larger groups of people sup-
“We’re pretty realistic,” Nicho-
las Webb, 31, a lawyer, said. “I
came in pretty much knowing it
was unlikely we’d get to 15 per-
cent.”
Martin O’Malley said Monday he would no longer seek the Democratic presidential nomination.
His mother, Ellen Webb, nod-
ded. “I think they’re going to tar-
get us,” she said, looking out at
porting Mrs. Clinton and Mr.
Sanders.
But a small group of voters
were still undecided. When one
said “the Benghazi movie” made
her uneasy about Mrs. Clinton,
Margaret Vernon, who was in the
O’Malley camp, went to her side.
“That’s why you may want to
consider Martin O’Malley,” she
said, smiling. “He doesn’t have
that baggage.”
Mr. O’Malley’s supporters at
the Indianola caucus did, in the
end, get just enough support, and
their candidate eked out one of
the 10 delegates chosen there.
But just a short while later, Mr.
O’Malley was preparing to an-
nounce that he would be drop-
ping out of the race, making that
delegate moot.
Mr. Huckabee, a former Bap-
campaign.
He also seemed to resort to at-
tention-getting stunts, taking re-
porters to a shooting range and
appearing with Donald J. Trump
at an event in Des Moines that
coincided with the most recent
prime-time debate, which Mr.
Trump had boycotted (and which
Mr. Huckabee did not qualify
for).

Polls Show Preferences
And Priorities in Iowa
By THOMAS KAPLAN
and DALIA SUSSMAN
DES MOINES — Senator Ted
Cruz won support among white
evangelical voters, conservatives
and those who were seeking a
candidate who shares their val-
ues. Donald J. Trump did well
among first-time caucusgoers
and those who want the next
president to be from outside the
political establishment and bring
change. Senator Marco Rubio
found strong support among vot-
ers who said the economy was
the most important issue and
those who thought it was most
important to have a candidate
who could win in November.
On the Democratic side, Hilla-
ry Clinton dominated among
women, older voters, political
moderates and caucus voters
who wanted a candidate they
think can win in November.
Senator Bernie Sanders won
the overwhelming support of
younger voters, first-time cau-
cusgoers and those who said
what mattered most was having
a candidate who is honest and
trustworthy.
Those were among the more
striking findings from polls of
voters entering the caucuses
across Iowa on Monday.
After months of campaigning,
seven fierce debates and a bliz-
zard of television commercials,
the polls, conducted by Edison
Research, showed how voters
split among the presidential
hopefuls when it finally came
time to make a decision.
On the Republican side, 4 in 10
caucusgoers described them-
selves as very conservative, and
they supported Mr. Cruz over Mr.
Trump by a nearly two-to-one ra-
tio. Nearly two-thirds described
themselves as born-again or
evangelical Christians, and they
favored Mr. Cruz as well.
A plurality of Republican cau-
cus voters, about 4 in 10, said a
candidate sharing their values
was the quality that mattered
most in deciding whom to sup-
port. Of those voters, the break-
down was stark: 36 percent sided
with Mr. Cruz and only 6 percent
went with Mr. Trump.
Alternatively, for the 15 percent
of voters who said it mattered to
have a candidate who “tells it like
it is,” two-thirds of them sided
with Mr. Trump.
A billionaire real estate mogul,
Mr. Trump satisfied the thirst of
many voters for an outsider can-
didate. Half of voters said they
wanted the next president to be
from outside the political estab-
lishment, and of those voters,
nearly as many chose Mr. Trump
as all the other Republicans put
together.
Barely more than 1 in 10 voters
named immigration as their most
important issue, but Mr. Trump
did well with those voters.
Mr. Rubio saw strength among
college graduates, who favored
him over the other candidates.
About 1 in 5 voters said a candi-
Megan Thee-Brenan contributed
reporting.
With Eyes of the World on a School Cafeteria Caucus, the Lunch Lady Rules
By MICHAEL M. GRYNBAUM
INDIANOLA, Iowa — The
brightly lit high school cafeteria
began to fill up shortly before 6
p.m., and the menu board ad-
vertising hot dogs and turkey
fritters was soon hidden by a
campaign sign for Senator Bernie
Sanders of Vermont. (An anti-
bullying poster remained.)
Only a handful of Democratic
voters showed up to caucus here
four years ago as President Oba-
ma sought re-election. This year,
with a competitive race, the Sev-
enth Precinct chairman, Chris
Nelson, was expecting up to 100.
Mr. Nelson, who builds vend-
ing machines at a nearby factory,
was fresh off a trip to the dentist.
No teeth were pulled. “I don’t
want to sit up there with a drool-
ing kind of look,” Mr. Nelson, 53,
said with a laugh.
On the other side of the cafete-
ria, a separate caucus was gath-
ering, and battle lines were
drawn: Supporters of Hillary
Clinton to one side, Sanders sup-
porters to the other, and Martin
O’Malley — the candidate least
likely to meet the so-called viabil-
ity threshold of 15 percent of at-
tendees — in the middle, posi-
tionally up for grabs.
5:40 P.M. As a precinct captain
for the first time, Steve Rose
memorized talking points from
the Sanders campaign and stud-
ied a math sheet on viability
counts (“paid for by Bernie 2016
— not the billionaires”), his
sights set on converting O’Malley
supporters who might find them-
selves in need of a new candi-
date.
He arrived here with other en-
ticements as well: Rice Krispies
Treats, miniature cinnamon buns
THE NEW YORK TIMES, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 2016 ØN A17
ELECTION 2016
date’s ability to win in November
was the quality that mattered
most, and they backed Mr. Rubio,
who has emphasized his elect-
ability in November.
More than one-third of Repub-
lican caucusgoers said they de-
cided whom to support more than
a month ago, and they heavily
backed Mr. Trump. Another third
made up their minds in the last
week, and they broke for Mr. Ru-
bio.
On the Democratic side, Mrs.
Clinton received strong support
from women, older voters and
those who consider themselves
moderate on political matters.
After serving as secretary of
state in Mr. Obama’s administra-
tion, Mrs. Clinton has presented
herself as the best person to build
on his agenda. The majority of
Democratic caucus voters said
the next president should gener-
ally continue Mr. Obama’s pol-
icies, rather than more liberal or
more conservative policies.
Those voters who want to con-
tinue Mr. Obama’s policies favor SAM HODGSON FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Mrs. Clinton over Mr. Sanders by Voters at a Republican caucus in Clive, Iowa; over all, 4 in 10 Republican caucusgoers described themselves as very conservative.
a more than two votes to one.
Mr. Sanders, for his part, re-
ceived strong support from first- Republicans Democrats
time caucus goers, who account- How Different Groups Voted Cruz Trump Rubio Carson Paul Bush Clinton Sanders
ed for more than 4 in 10 voters. Based on interviews with voters as they
But first-time caucus voters entered caucus locations.
made up a smaller share of the
Democratic electorate than they
did in 2008, when Barack Obama, Sex Male 28% 25% 24% 8% 5% 2% 44% 50%
then a senator from Illinois,
claimed victory, and Mrs. Clinton Female 26 24 21 11 5 3 53 42
finished third. That year, 57 per-
cent of Democratic caucusgoers Age 17-29 26 20 23 11 14 1 14 84
were first-timers.
Mr. Sanders was backed by 30-44 30 23 21 6 9 3 37 58
very liberal voters, and he was
also widely supported by young- 45-64 27 26 23 10 3 1 58 35
er voters. But voters age 65 and
older accounted for about 3 in 10 65 and over 26 27 21 10 2 5 69 26
Democratic caucusgoers on Mon-
day, up from 22 percent in 2008. Region Eastern Cities 24 22 24 9 7 3 48 48
Democratic caucusgoers split
on the issue they think is the East Central 33 25 19 9 4 3 50 47
most important facing the coun-
try. About 3 in 10 said health care, Des Moines area 27 22 26 7 5 3 51 41
while one-third said the economy.
Both of these groups went for Central 28 27 22 10 3 2 50 45
Mrs. Clinton. Just over one in
four voters viewed income in- West 23 30 19 16 3 1 47 47
equality as the most important is-
sue facing the country. They Political Very conservative 43 21 15 9 3 1 — —
went strongly for Mr. Sanders, philosophy
whose campaign has revolved in Somewhat conservative 19 25 28 11 6 3 — —
large part around that issue.
Nearly 3 in 10 voters said the Moderate 9 35 26 7 6 4 58 35
quality that mattered most to
them was having a candidate Somewhat liberal — — — — — — 50 44
with the right experience, and
they favored Mrs. Clinton by an Very liberal — — — — — — 39 58
enormous margin: nearly 9 in 10
sided with her. White evangelical or white born-again Christians 33 21 21 12 4 2 — —
Two in 10 voters said it was
most important that the candi- Issue that Economy/Jobs 18 24 30 9 4 3 51 42
date can win in November, and matters most
more than three-quarters sided Terrorism 33 21 25 9 3 1 65 28
with Mrs. Clinton.
Mr. Sanders fared best on is- Immigration 33 45 9 7 1 1 — —
sues of trust and honesty. For
voters to whom that mattered Government spending 26 20 20 12 9 3 — —
more than other qualities, Mr.
Sanders won the support of 8 in Health care — — — — — — 59 38
10 voters, while Mrs. Clinton was
backed by only 1 in 10. Income inequality — — — — — — 34 61
And for voters who said that
caring about people like them The results are based on interviews with 1,794 voters entering 40 randomly selected Republican caucus sites and 1,660 voters entering 40 randomly selected
was the quality that mattered Democratic caucus sites. Both samples are subject to a potential sampling error of plus or minus 4 percentage points. Results based on smaller subgroups, like
supporters of a particular candidate, have a larger potential sampling error.
most, about three-uarters sided
Sources: Edison Research THE NEW YORK TIMES
with Mr. Sanders.
and sandwiches from the local to make it,” he says. Several Clin-
Hy-Vee supermarket. “This is ton supporters have gathered to
Iowa, so I brought some food and persuade the members to defect.
water to appeal to the basic Suddenly, Mr. Rose, the Sanders
needs,” said Mr. Rose, an educa- captain, is there, too: “Bernie is a
tion professor at Simpson College whole more in your camp than
in Indianola. “We’ll be there for a Hillary is.”
couple hours.” Then, a reprieve. Mr. Nelson
Mr. Rose, whose wife, Mary says that “to be fair,” he will al-
Jones, was a precinct captain for low 10 extra minutes for the
Senator Barack Obama in 2008, O’Malley group to find the three
ruefully recalled losing out on extra votes they need to stay via-
some supporters because a rival ble. Ms. Vernon makes a beeline
campaign had brought home- back to Ms. Eaton, the uncommit-
made sandwiches. ted voter, and before long, cheers
7:02 P.M. The chairman, Mr. Nel-
rise up: She has drifted over to
the O’Malley corner, welcomed
son, raps his hand on a table and
with warm pats on the back.
calls the caucus to order. “The
eyes of the nation are on us to- 7:35 P.M. Twenty-one! The
night,” he says. “And the world, O’Malley gang has collected the
too, I might add.” The count is an- extra votes it needed. Their suc-
nounced: 137 eligible voters, cess, however, is as much about
meaning candidates will need 21 pragmatism as principle. “If he’s
voters to remain viable. viable, it takes one away from
At least one voter remains un- Bernie,” says Albert Brooks, an
decided. Jennifer Eaton says she Uber driver who switched from
still has not made up her mind: Mrs. Clinton to Mr. O’Malley.
“I’ll probably go with who I think 7:54 P.M. Two separate counts of
can win against whoever the Re- PHOTOGRAPHS BY MAX WHITTAKER FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES voters suggest a Clinton victory,
publicans put up.” but the vote totals are off. Some
Supporters of Martin O’Mal-
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Ms. Eaton is far more familiar
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CO PY R I G H T A N D P R OT E C T E D BY A P P L I C A B L E L AW
of those who voted, it turned out,
with the site of this caucus than ley waited Monday night to had not registered.
most. She works as a lunch lady see if he would meet the via- At last, the final count is at
in the cafeteria. Looking at the bility threshold of 15 percent hand. Mrs. Clinton, with 63 votes,
crowded tables, it hits her. of attendees in Indianola’s is 10 ahead of Mr. Sanders; she
“They’re not going to put them receives five delegates to his
back in the right spot!” she said. Precinct Seven. He did, barely.
four, and Mr. O’Malley ekes out
Left, working the math. one. An exodus ensues as voters
7:21 P.M. There are 18 people in
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m
the O’Malley corner, under the grab their jackets and head out,
viability threshold. Elsewhere, Margaret Vernon, 72, the cau- hoping to be home ahead of an
two undecided voters are being cus secretary and an O’Malley impending snowstorm.
buttonholed by Betty Crawford, supporter, approached Ms. Eaton 8 P.M. The room is almost com-
the Clinton precinct captain. Ms. from the side. “That’s why you pletely deserted — democracy
Eaton, the lunch lady, is one of may want to consider Martin accomplished in an hour flat.
them. “The email thing concerns O’Malley,” she says, smiling. “He “It’s hard not to win,” says Mr.
me, the Benghazi thing concerns doesn’t have that baggage.” Rose, the Sanders captain. “But
me,” she says. (“The email thing 7:25 P.M. Nicholas Webb, 31, a after Bernie leaves office in eight
has been all cleared up!” a mem- lawyer who supports Mr. O’Mal- years, O’Malley will be a real
ber of the Clinton team says.) ley, looks glum. “We’re not going good candidate.”
A18 Ø N + THE NEW YORK TIMES, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 2016
Cruz Emerges as G.O.P. Victor in Iowa; Rubio Finishes a Strong 3rd
From Page A1
menting between Mr. Cruz’s
evangelicals and Tea Party ad-
herents, Mr. Trump’s blue-collar
political newcomers and Mr. Ru-
bio’s mix of conservatives and
pragmatic Republicans hungry
for victory.
Turnout was about 185,000, a
record, according to Edison Re-
search, which conducted en-
trance polls at precincts across
the state. Mr. Trump’s success
had been expected to hinge on
whether he could mobilize his
supporters. But the turnout was
not enough to deliver him a win,
even though 46 percent of those
who turned out were participat-
ing in a Republican caucus for the
first time.
Instead, Mr. Trump paid the
price for building only a rudimen-
tary political organization in the
state: The brew of energy and
anger powering his candidacy
did not fully translate into votes.
“I love you people. I love you
people,” a subdued-sounding Mr.
Trump unconvincingly told a
crowd of Iowans in West Des
Moines. “We will go on to get the
Republican nomination, and we
will go on to easily beat Hillary or
Bernie or whoever the hell they
throw out there.”
Mr. Trump’s celebrity-fueled
airplane hangar rallies proved no
match for Mr. Cruz’s fervent ap-
peal to Christian values in win-
ning over Iowa’s evangelical vot-
ers, who made up nearly two-
thirds of those who did show up
to caucus. Mr. Cruz won about a
third of the evangelical vote.
That achievement was even
more remarkable given the com-
petition Mr. Cruz also faced from
Mr. Rubio and Ben Carson, the
spiritually minded retired neuro-
surgeon, among others. When
Mike Huckabee and Rick Santo-
rum won the Iowa caucuses in
2008 and 2012, respectively, they
did so without formidable opposi-
tion for those voters. (Each ran
again this year but failed to earn
significant backing.)
The victory for Mr. Cruz also
was a validation of the Iowa tra-
dition that success here comes
from intensive retail campaign-
ing. He built an extensive or-
ganization and spent months vis-
iting each of Iowa’s 99 counties.
The throngs of Iowans who
came to see Mr. Trump’s improvi-
sational performances, by con-
trast, may have come away en-
tertained, but not enough of them
seemed persuaded that he was
presidential.
The question for Mr. Cruz now
is whether to compete aggres-
sively in New Hampshire, which
votes next Tuesday, or divide his
time between there and the next
battleground, South Carolina,
which holds its primary on Feb.
20 and has an evangelical pop-
ulation closer in size to Iowa’s.
Mr. Cruz has trailed well be-
hind in recent New Hampshire
polls, but Mr. Trump, his aura of
invincibility gone, could prove
vulnerable there as well. Should
Mr. Cruz — whose $19 million
war chest is the most money of
any Republican candidate — find
Alan Rappeport contributed re-
porting.
2nd-Place Finish Pierces Trump’s Mystique, but Another Chance Comes Quickly
By MAGGIE HABERMAN
WEST DES MOINES, Iowa —
Donald J. Trump, the builder, ca-
sino owner, golf course develop-
er, reality television star and tab-
loid fixture who said his “life has
been about winning” and led ev-
ery national Republican presi-
dential poll for the past seven
months, will now be known by a
title to which he is unaccus-
tomed: loser.
That epithet may not stick for
long. The primary campaign now
moves from Iowa, where Mr.
Trump finished second behind
Senator Ted Cruz, to New Hamp-
shire, a state whose more liber-
tarian-minded, less socially con-
servative electorate may be a
better fit for Mr. Trump, a flam-
boyant New Yorker.
But for one evening, and in his
first true test with actual voters,
the man who continually boasted
that he was a winner because he
was winning had to search for
words to explain away a defeat.
In his concession speech, Mr.
Trump kept remarkably calm and
focused, portraying the loss as
having nonetheless surpassed
expectations in a state where
people had told him he could not
win, and where aides had been
whispering to him hours earlier
about the high turnout. He began
by saying how much he loves Io-
wans.
“On to New Hampshire!” he
said, with his family beside him
in a half-filled ballroom at the
Sheraton hotel here.
Though his celebrity dazzled
and his message of pitchfork pop-
ulism caught fire, attracting large
crowds to his rallies and turning
the presidential debates into rat-
Supporters of Senator Ted Cruz cheered during a caucus-watching party at the fairgrounds in Des Moines. His win firmly established him as a top-tier candidate.
Marco Rubio with his family before a speech at a caucus site in
Clive, Iowa. Mr. Rubio finished just behind Donald J. Trump.
success with that state’s more
secular voters, it would signal
that he has the potential to unite
a wider Republican electorate.
Yet the strong Iowa finish by
Mr. Rubio, the choice of a plural-
ity of voters who said they made
their decisions in the last week,
will allow him to begin making
the case to Republican donors,
activists and elected officials that
he is the strongest candidate ac-
ceptable to them who can win
over grass-roots conservatives.
Mr. Rubio’s late surge was a
vindication of his strategy: He
waited to aggressively compete
in Iowa until January, when he
ings bonanzas for television news
networks, Mr. Trump’s campaign
made important missteps that
proved critical in the last six
weeks.
Above all, Mr. Trump lacked a
true get-out-the-vote operation in
Iowa. Indeed, he never seemed
fully committed to the state, vis-
iting only sporadically and very
rarely engaging in the type of in-
timate retail campaigning that is
typically rewarded here. An in-
frequent churchgoer, he scarcely
tried to win over the many Chris-
tian conservatives here, and oc-
casionally stumbled when he did:
At a nondenominational church
service on Sunday, when the
communion plate was passed
around with wafers and wine, he
reached for his wallet.
“It was apparent to me that
Trump created a large enough
pool of people to win the caucus,
but his campaign failed to get
them out to vote,” said Roger
Stone, a longtime adviser who
helped set up Mr. Trump’s cam-
paign but parted ways with it last
summer.
Indeed, the curious and star-
struck people who filled Mr.
Trump’s rallies often had not cau-
cused before. Wooing people to
show up for the caucuses has his-
torically required candidates to
hold smaller gatherings where
they field direct questions and
give in-depth answers. And many
new voters who showed up chose
to support another candidate.
“Trump was selling the sizzle,
not the steak,” said Matt Strawn,
the former chairman of the Re-
publican Party of Iowa. “Iowans
were hungry for more. More sub-
stance. More opportunity to actu-
ally pepper Trump with ques-
ELECTION
SAM HODGSON FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
crisscrossed the state furiously
with 36 events in the final four
weeks.
Portraying his third-place
showing in the best possible light,
Mr. Rubio subtly took aim at both
Mr. Cruz and Mr. Trump on Mon-
day, suggesting they could not
defeat Mrs. Clinton.
“When I’m the nominee, we
are going to unify our party and
we are going to unify the con-
servative movement,” Mr. Rubio
said to hundreds of supporters in
Des Moines.
While Mr. Cruz, a pastor’s son,
counted on Christian conserva-
tives, Mr. Rubio aggressively
Donald J. Trump at a caucus site at the Seven Flags Event Center in Clive, Iowa, on Monday.
tions to discern if his more recent
conservative policy conversions
were authentic. More respect for
the Iowa caucus process and tra-
ditions.”
Mr. Trump did not run televi-
sion ads until much later than his
opponents. And while his rivals
and other detractors had general-
ly shied away from attacking him
with negative advertising, he
turned out to be susceptible to it:
Ads by Mr. Cruz and two outside
groups that showed Mr. Trump
stating his support for abortion
rights in 1999 inflicted significant
damage. And without a network
2016
tried to woo that constituency,
too. He ran an ad in which he
spoke of “the free gift of Salva-
tion offered to us by Jesus
Christ.” And in the final debate
before the caucuses, held Thurs-
day in Des Moines, he notably re-
ferred to “Jesus Christ, who came
down to earth and died for our
sins.”
With the top finishers a busi-
nessman who had never run for
office and two first-term sena-
tors, governing experience evi-
dently mattered little to Iowans.
The five current or former gover-
nors still running won a com-
bined 8 percent — less than what
the retired neurosurgeon Ben
Carson received, even after his
campaign nearly unraveled in the
weeks before the caucuses.
After months of watching vast
crowds wait hours in line to fill
gymnasiums, many Iowans
thought Mr. Trump’s star power
would shatter turnout records. It
may have helped.
But it was Mr. Cruz who bene-
fited most. He won support from
local conservative leaders, in-
cluding Representative Steve
King. And as Mr. Trump began to
assail him, Mr. Cruz delivered
sharp counterattacks over Mr.
Trump’s past liberal views, par-
ticularly on abortion rights.
Mr. Cruz was also helped by
Mr. Trump’s self-inflicted
wounds. In recent weeks, Mr.
Trump spoke of the New Testa-
ment’s Second Book of Corinthi-
of trusted local surrogates that a
stronger Iowa operation might
have assembled, Mr. Trump had
few character witnesses to speak
up for him outside his own family.
Perhaps his costliest, and cer-
tainly his most memorable, error
was skipping the final Repub-
lican debate, hosted by Fox News
in Des Moines the Wednesday
before the caucuses. He assured
audiences that he had been wise
to withdraw, and some analysts
praised his instinct for avoiding
the line of fire as a kind of genius.
But the decision halted Mr.
Trump’s momentum, and after
ans as “Two Corinthians,” a tell-
ing lapse in the eyes of evangeli-
cals. He proclaimed that he could
shoot somebody on Fifth Avenue
in Manhattan and still “wouldn’t
lose voters.” And Thursday, Mr.
Trump skipped the only Repub-
lican debate held in Iowa to avoid
a confrontation with Mr. Cruz and
Fox News. It was enough to
make Iowans uneasy.
Perhaps most critically,
though, Mr. Trump lacked the or-
ganization that Mr. Cruz had put
into place in Iowa. Given his reli-
ance on voters new to the caucus
process, Mr. Trump needed a ro-
bust get-out-the-vote operation.
But he was badly out-organized
by Mr. Cruz, who relied on scores
of church pastors and brought in
hundreds of volunteers from as
far as Idaho and Texas.
Instead, Mr. Trump ran a cam-
paign in his own self-regarding
image. He defied history’s lesson
that the caucuses are won
through one-on-one campaigning
and humble requests of support.
There were no community round-
tables, no bus tour through court-
house towns and little in the way
of unscripted interaction with
voters outside of posing for pic-
tures and signing autographs.
What Iowa rituals Mr. Trump
did submit to had a novelty qual-
ity to them, as when he made a
show of stopping in at a Pizza
Ranch restaurant, a campaign
trail staple, and once stayed over-
night at a Holiday Inn Express
DAMON WINTER/THE NEW YORK TIMES
weeks of trying to seem more
conventional, the furor stirred up
by his quitting the debate re-
inforced the circuslike, rather
than the statesmanlike, aspects
of his candidacy.
Mr. Trump now needs to dem-
onstrate that his candidacy can
withstand a loss. He could try to
cauterize the Iowa wound with
stoicism and magnanimity. But
he could also seek to set aside the
verdict here, portraying Iowa as
unrepresentative of the country
or of the Republican Party.
He heads to New Hampshire
with a wide lead in the polls
STEPHEN CROWLEY/THE NEW YORK TIMES
(“Good mattress,” he said).
And when he indulged in the
pandering to Iowa institutions
that is typical of political suppli-
cants here, he did so in his exag-
gerated, almost comic style — as
if he were playing the role of
presidential candidate.
“I am a great Christian,” he as-
sured Iowa’s voters who may
have been skeptical about a
thrice-married New York casino
magnate. Mr. Trump also vowed
to support “the ethanol,” refer-
ring to the federal biofuel sub-
sidies prized by the agriculture
industry here, while occasionally
musing that he might just buy a
farm in Iowa. And when Senator
Charles E. Grassley came to one
of his rallies, Mr. Trump did not
evince much knowledge about
the senator’s 40-year tenure in
Congress but did say “this is a
great guy, this is a great guy.”
At times, Mr. Trump even
mocked Iowans. He repeatedly
noted that the winner of the Re-
publican caucuses had not won
the nomination in 16 years, chid-
ing them for picking losers.
In the final weekend, every
public poll showed Mr. Trump
winning. But Mr. Trump’s prob-
lems were registering with Mr.
Cruz’s camp.
Mr. Cruz’s campaign manager,
Jeff Roe, was coolly confident.
Late Sunday, he nonchalantly as-
sured a reporter of victory, say-
ing that Mr. Trump was sliding
and might even finish third.
there. But with the state’s prima-
ry on Feb. 9, he has little time to
regroup. And he will come under
pressure not just to show up but
to deliver a strong performance
at the next debate, on Saturday
night.
His fall in Iowa dealt a blow to
the image Mr. Trump has sought
to project since declaring his can-
didacy in the gold-plated lobby of
the Midtown Manhattan tower
bearing his name.
He relished proving critics
wrong: those who predicted he
would never actually get in the
race, and those who thought his
caustic remarks about Mexicans
and undocumented immigrants
or his denigration of Senator
John McCain’s record as a pris-
oner of war in Vietnam would
prove fatal to his campaign. What
seemed egregious by convention-
al political standards seemed
only to endear Mr. Trump to vot-
ers fed up with the nation’s politi-
cal leadership and hungry for
something new. Again and again,
his poll numbers held steady, or
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CO PY R I G H T A N D P R OT E C T E D BY A P P L I C A B L E L AW
rose — even after he asked,
“How stupid are the people of
Iowa?”
Yet in the final days, Mr.
Trump’s famous confidence
seemed not quite as blinding as
before. He repeatedly said he
really wanted to win. But he also
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m
sought to tamp down expecta-
tions in a series of interviews just
before the caucuses began.
In an interview on ABC’s
“Good Morning America” on
Monday, he refused to predict a
victory, and even allowed that he
had jitters.
“You have to be a little bit ner-
vous,” he said. “You know, I like
to win.”
 THE NEW YORK TIMES, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 2016 ØN A19

ELECTION 2016

For the G.O.P., ‘In About 20 Minutes This Place Is Going to Get Stupid’
By TRIP GABRIEL
PELLA, Iowa — When Dan
Spotten opened the doors to Pella
High School shortly after 5 p.m.
to allow voters from six Repub-
lican precincts to cast ballots in
the Iowa caucuses, he was com-
mitted to running a tight ship.
Mr. Spotten, the site chairman
for the caucuses, owns a sign-
making company, and he made
color-coded signs directing peo-
ple to register at tables for each
voting precinct, sit together, fill
out color-coded ballots and drop
them into colored buckets.
He planned to keep the speak-
ers for each candidate to a tight
schedule. “I am not fussing
around,” he said. “They’ve got
two minutes. I’m going to line
‘em up like cattle.”
Mr. Spotten predicted a large
turnout, as many as 2,000 people
compared with the 1,260 who cau-
cused four years ago. There
would be a surge for Donald J.
Trump, he said, but also for other
first-timers who wanted to stop
Mr. Trump.
“Most people I know are apolit-
ical,” he said. “They don’t care.
With Trump involved now, a lot
people are caring. Either they’re
for Trump or against Trump.”
With the large influx, Mr. Spot-
ten’s pledge to move things along
quickly began to unravel.
5:30 P.M. It was clear that the
early arrivals included many
first-time caucusgoers. But there
was no unanimity about their
support. Senator Ted Cruz of Tex-
as seemed to have an edge in this
socially conservative community,
and the campaign sent his wife, ERIC THAYER FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Heidi Cruz, to be his designated People registered at a Republican caucus location at Pella High School in Pella, Iowa, on Monday. Ted Cruz carried the caucus location with 558 votes.
speaker.
Joel Merrill, 61, a forklift me-
chanic who had never caucused farm machinery manufacturer, 7 P.M. In the West Gym, where the end did not herd them 7:49 P.M. Working his way election, and that he would “in-
before, said: “There are a num- planned to vote for Mr. Trump. voters from four precincts filled through. Many speakers ran through the candidates in alpha- spire Americans who have never
ber of candidates I like and one in “He’s going to at least try to stick two walls of bleachers, Mr. Spot- over. Mrs. Cruz added a dash of betical order, Mr. Spotten came to voted Republican.”
particular I don’t like — Trump. up for America,” he said. ten said there were still hundreds celebrity as she rose to speak for Jim Gilmore, the former Virginia 8:32 P.M. Buckets filled with bal-
I’m going to go with Cruz.” Jay Schelhaas, a community waiting to sign in. He pushed her husband. governor. “Would anybody like to lots were taken to the cafeteria,
Mike Rottier, a hardware store college professor, said he liked back the official start 10 minutes, “Ted was raised on the Bible speak for Jim Gilmore?” Mr. where volunteers counted them,
owner, said he had been leaning Mr. Rubio’s and Mr. Cruz’s per- and urged people to “squeeze to- and the Constitution.” She em- Spotten asked. No one raised a one person reading off a name
toward Mr. Cruz but disliked his formance in the last debate in gether to make room for your phasized his unwavering con- hand. “Very well, moving right and a second writing hash marks
opposition to federal support of Des Moines, in which Mr. Trump neighbors.” servative principles and his faith. along,” the chairman said. for each candidate on a sheet of
ethanol, which is made out of did not participate. “How many of you, is this your “Ted gets his confidence and his 8 P.M. Representative Austin paper. The unofficial total turnout
corn, a mainstay of the Iowa “I’m still up in the air between first caucus?” Mr. Spotten, who strength from our God, our fa- Scott of Georgia, wearing a camel was 1,776. It was a big night for
economy. the two,” he said. “Listening to wore a black T-shirt and had tat- ther,” she said. “I can tell you as sport coat, spoke for Mr. Rubio. Mr. Cruz (558), a big surge for
“I saw something on Facebook their representatives tonight toos on both arms, asked. About his wife of 14 and one-half years, “The threat of ISIS wouldn’t be a Mr. Rubio (432) and a disappoint-
about Rubio’s background, how might make the difference.” 30 percent raised a hand. Ted will never lie to you.” threat today if Marco had been ment for Mr. Trump (225). Ben
he came up poor,” he said of Sen- 6:15 P.M. Mr. Spotten said the in- After the Pledge of Allegiance After she spoke, a volunteer our president,” he said in a thick Carson came in fourth with 213.
ator Marco Rubio of Florida. flux was just beginning. “In and the singing of “Onward led her to the second gym to re- Southern accent. By the time the totals were sent
“That sounds good.” about 20 minutes this place is go- Christian Soldiers,” speakers peat the speech. She put her arm He promised that Mr. Rubio into the state party, almost all the
Steve Latta, who works for a ing to get stupid,” he said. were introduced. Mr. Spotten in in his like a prom escort. would win Florida in a general voters had gone home.

On to New Hampshire, With Hopes Running High

By ALEXANDER BURNS
MANCHESTER, N.H. — Hours
before the end of the Iowa cau-
cuses on Monday night, three Re-
publican candidates had already
assembled in New Hampshire to
rally their supporters. Anticipat-
ing disappointment in Iowa, the
group — made up of current and
former governors — has chosen
to make a stand here instead.
Former Gov. Jeb Bush of Flor-
ida, Gov. Chris Christie of New
Jersey and Gov. John Kasich of
Ohio have long viewed New
Hampshire, a politically unpre-
dictable state with an influential
bloc of moderate Republicans
and independent voters, as more
hospitable terrain than Iowa.
Donald J. Trump has led every
poll in New Hampshire for
months, often by huge margins.
So far, the three governors, along
with Senators Marco Rubio of
Florida and Ted Cruz of Texas,
have all been clustered closely to-
gether in the polls, far behind Mr.
CHERYL SENTER FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Trump.
That may change quickly over Jeb Bush drew applause as he
the next week, as the impact of prepared to speak to voters on
the Iowa caucuses ripples Monday in Manchester, N.H.
through New Hampshire. With
Mr. Cruz’s Iowa victory and Mr.
Gov. Chris Christie of New
Rubio’s unexpectedly strong fin- Jersey, left, has poured time
ish, both candidates now have a and money into contesting
new opening to sell themselves to New Hampshire.
New Hampshire voters, and per-
haps even to challenge Mr. Barack Obama. Her backers here
Trump’s commanding advan- believe there is a chance she can
tage. close the gap with Mr. Sanders
For the more traditional presi- over the final week.
dential candidates, New Hamp-
If the Republican primary in
shire has emerged as a valuable
New Hampshire is deeply un-
proving ground, with its primary
settled, even at this late stage,
next Tuesday becoming perhaps
the vote next week may bring a
the best chance to rally main-
stream voters against the hard- new measure of clarity to the par-
right candidates favored in Iowa. RICHARD PERRY/THE NEW YORK TIMES ty’s chaotic nomination fight.
They have poured their time And while Mr. Rubio and Mr.
and money into contesting New each other from afar. ers he needed them to give him Bush both have the financial re-
Hampshire, and have assembled Mr. Christie and Mr. Kasich “a mandate.” sources and the political organ-
muscular field organizations could face virtual elimination if But Mr. Trump’s overpowering ization to remain in the race for
here. Mr. Christie and Mr. Kasich they fail to stand out in New position on the right here may be the longer haul, a powerful finish
have divided up the most influ- Hampshire. They have little challenged in new ways, espe- for either man in New Hampshire
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CO PY R I G H T A N D P R OT E C T E D BY A P P L I C A B L E L AW

ential newspaper endorsements,
and along with Mr. Bush they
have collected the most endorse-
ments from the state’s popular
Republican officeholders.
Yet it may be Mr. Rubio, with
his late leap toward the top of the
money left in their campaign ac-
counts and are relying on a
strong showing to replenish their
coffers and give them a shot of
momentum for the next primary
contests, in South Carolina and
Nevada.
cially by Mr. Cruz, who has an ex-
isting network of support in New
Hampshire, anchored in an insur-
gent faction of the state Repub-
lican Party.
The race here appears some-
what more stable on the Demo-
could make him a solid favorite
among the establishment-side
candidates in South Carolina’s
primary on Feb. 20.
Former Senator Bob Smith of
New Hampshire, a supporter of
Mr. Cruz, said the disproportion-
ate number of candidates aligned
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m

pack in Iowa, who now has the
best opportunity to consolidate
support from establishment-
minded Republicans in New
Hampshire and nationally. The
campaign here has already
erupted into bitter combat be-
tween the candidates, as an array
of “super PACs” have aired at-
tack ads against Mr. Christie, Mr.
Kasich and Mr. Rubio, and the
candidates have sparred with
Mr. Trump’s existing strength
in New Hampshire may give him
an opportunity to bounce back
from his slouching finish in Iowa.
He has repeatedly told voters
here that New Hampshire is of
paramount importance to his
campaign, and he flew in for ral-
lies twice over the last week as
the campaign in Iowa reached its
final stages. At one event, Mr.
Trump told New Hampshire vot-
cratic side. Senator Bernie Sand-
ers of Vermont has been received
as a kind of favorite-son candi-
date, hailing from a neighboring
state and drawing vast crowds to
his speeches with a bluntly popu-
list message. He has led by vary-
ing margins in opinion polls.
Hillary Clinton, however, has a
deep political organization in
New Hampshire and won the
state’s 2008 primary against
with the Republican establish-
ment had created a real opportu-
nity for contenders favored by
the party’s activist base.
“It gives a conservative a
chance, whether it’s Trump or
whether it’s Cruz,” Mr. Smith
said. “There has not been a
chance, in New Hampshire, for a
conservative to win — really win
— here for a long time.”
A20 Ø N THE NEW YORK TIMES NATIONAL TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 2016

Closing Arguments Given in Key Voter Rights Trial A Thomas Milestone

By KEN OTTERBOURG
WINSTON-SALEM, N.C. — In
the final session of a trial that
could yield a crucial decision
about a policy that has been dis-
puted for years, a federal judge
heard closing arguments on Mon-
day about North Carolina’s voter
identification law.
The arguments capped a six-
day bench trial, before Judge
Thomas D. Schroeder of Federal
District Court, that included emo-
tional testimony about voting
rights and technical analyses of
the law’s impact. The outcome
will be seen as an important
measure of what voting-related
laws federal courts might allow
states to pursue and enforce.
The North Carolina chapter of
the N.A.A.C.P. and other plain-
tiffs argued Monday, as they
have for months, that the Repub-
lican-controlled General Assem-
bly drafted the voter identifica-
tion law in 2013 as a surreptitious
way to curb the influence of black
and Hispanic voters. The
N.A.A.C.P. has argued that those
voters are less likely to have one
of the six accepted forms of iden-
tification required and often face
more hardship in obtaining them.
“They knew that all these pro-
visions, taken individually and to-
gether, have racially discrimina-
tory intent,” said Catherine Meza,
a lawyer for the United States
Justice Department, which joined
the N.A.A.C.P. in the litigation.
The state has insisted that the
voter identification standard was
approved solely to reduce the
risk of election fraud, and it has
argued that the measure’s critics
could merely speculate about its
harms. Any difficulty in obtaining
identification, which can include
a driver’s license or a passport, is
reasonable and falls equally
across races, state officials said.
“It’s not a burden; it’s a minor
inconvenience,” a lawyer for the
state, Thomas A. Farr, said on a
day when Judge Schroeder fre-
quently interrupted for ques-
tions. “If you want to vote, you
should be able to navigate that
burden.”
The fate of the law, before inev-
itable appeals, is in the hands of
Judge Schroeder, an appointee of
President George W. Bush. Judge
Schroeder is also considering a
challenge to other changes that
Republicans have made to elec-
tions laws, including the elim-
ination of same-day registration
and a significant reduction in ear-
ly voting days.
The General Assembly first ap-
proved those modifications in
2013, after the United States Su-
preme Court struck down a cru-
cial part of the Voting Rights Act
of 1965, freeing certain jurisdic-
tions, including a handful of
Southern states and 40 North
Carolina counties, to change their
election laws without advance
federal approval. State lawmak-
ers further changed the voter
identification law in 2015. With
that amendment, state officials
decided that residents who could
A North Carolina case
has implications
across the country.
not obtain identification could
submit “reasonable impediment
declarations” and vote with pro-
visional ballots.
The amendment failed to sat-
isfy the plaintiffs, who also said
Monday that the burden of issu-
ing acceptable identifications had
largely fallen to the Division of
Motor Vehicles, which they de-
scribed as a bureaucratic cog
with a spotty service record.
Lawmakers “knowingly put this
basic and fundamental right of
voters in the hands of an agency
that is historically unable to
serve its customers,” said Penda
D. Hair, a lawyer for Advance-
ment Project, which represents
some of the challengers.
Many legal experts expect
Judge Schroeder to uphold the
voter identification law, partic-
ularly because of last year’s
amendment that allowed for the
impediment declarations.
It is not clear when Judge
Schroeder will reach his decision
and whether it might precede
this state’s presidential prima-
ries, which will be March 15, or
the general election in Novem-
ber, when a competitive race for
North Carolina’s 15 electoral
votes is expected. In January, he
refused the N.A.A.C.P.’s request
to block the voter identification
law temporarily and said the
group had “failed to clearly dem-
onstrate that they are likely to
succeed on the merits.”
Much of the evidence that
Judge Schroeder will consider is
included in the court record,
which runs thousands of pages,
and he heard less than 40 hours
of testimony in the trial. Last
summer, at a separate trial about
the other challenged provisions,
more than 100 witnesses ap-
peared over about three weeks.
The judge has not yet issued a
ruling from that trial.
Likely to Pass Quietly
WASHINGTON — When the
Supreme Court returns from its
winter break this month, it will
hear two minor cases and reach a
major anniversary. Unless some-
thing very surprising
ADAM happens during the ar-
guments that day, Jus-
LIPTAK tice Clarence Thomas
will have gone 10 years
SIDEBAR without asking a ques-
tion from the bench.
Maintaining a decade-long vow
of silence takes monkish dedica-
tion and a certain stamina, and
Justice Thomas has no modern
competition. It has been at least
45 years since any other member
of the court went even a single
term without asking a question.
Justice Thomas’s explanations
for his disengagement from this
aspect of the court’s work have
varied, but he seems to have set-
tled on one in recent years. It is
simply discourteous, he says, to
pepper lawyers with questions.
“I think it’s unnecessary in de-
ciding cases to ask that many
questions, and I don’t think it’s
helpful,” he said at Harvard Law
School in 2013. “I think we should
listen to lawyers who are arguing
their cases, and I think we should
allow the advocates to advocate.”
His is an unusual conception of
the role oral arguments play at
ONLINE: MORE ‘SIDEBAR’
An archive of Adam Liptak’s
recent articles and columns at
nytimes.com/adamliptak
In a gruff, rumbling baritone, he
reads from a text that is often
studded with legal jargon and ci-
tations to sub-parts of statutes
and regulations.
Three years ago, Justice
Thomas did speak up at an argu-
ment, but it was not to ask a
question. It was to crack a joke.
Still, he broke his silence, and it
qualified as news.
But there was a problem. The
reporters in the courtroom were
not sure what he had said.
His comment seemed to con-
cern the qualifications of a de-
fense lawyer in a capital punish-
ment case who had gone to law
school at Harvard, like six mem-
bers of the court. Justice Thomas
went to Yale.
“Well — he did not —” Justice
Thomas said, according to the ini-
tial transcript released by the
court. There followed this nota-
tion: “(Laughter.)”
Nine days later, the court is-
sued a revised transcript. The
new version of the remark was
only a little funnier, and only if

Both Sides the Supreme Court. The justices

know the lawyers’ arguments
well by the time they take the
you like a good death-penalty
joke. “Well, there — see, he did
not provide good counsel,” Jus-

In Takeover bench, having read stacks of tice Thomas said.

briefs, most of them very thor- “(Laughter.)”
ough. Justice Thomas’s last question,
on Feb. 22, 2006, also came in a
Face Off Oral arguments are a chance
for justices to probe the conten-
tions in the briefs and for lawyers
death penalty case. He spoke a

In Oregon
to address the issues that most
trouble the justices.
“If oral argument provides
nothing more than a summary of
By KIRK JOHNSON
the brief in monologue, it is of
BURNS, Ore. — Local resi- very little value to the court,”
dents furious about the armed oc- Chief Justice William H. Rehn-
cupation of a federal wildlife ref- quist wrote in 1987.
uge in eastern Oregon faced off in Justice Thomas acknowledged
force on Monday against antigov- at least the premise of this point
ernment protesters who support in his remarks at Harvard. “Most
the occupation, with both sides of the work is done in the briefs,”
gathering outside the Harney he said.
County Courthouse here in a non- But he may well be right that
violent but dramatic confronta- his colleagues go too far in the
tion. other direction, interrupting one
With several hundred people another and spraying lawyers STEFAN ZAKLIN/EUROPEAN PRESSPHOTO AGENCY

screaming at one another, some-
times only inches apart, it was a
fierce and visceral display of the
emotions raised by the takeover,
which began on Jan. 2.
As recently as this weekend,
only one demonstration had been
expected: Professed patriot
groups had issued a call for mili-
tia members and others who sup-
port the takeover of the Malheur
National Wildlife Refuge to come
here and make their voices
heard.
They had planned to protest
and denounce the arrest last
week of the occupation’s leader,
Ammon Bundy, and the death of
LaVoy Finicum, one of the
group’s most visible members,
who was shot by Oregon State
Police troopers after a car chase.
Eleven people have been arrest-
ed in connection with the take-
over, and four people are still re-
fusing to leave the refuge, about
30 miles outside town.
In a surprisingly vocal coun-
terprotest, local residents arrived
at the Harney County courthouse
first on Monday, and in what
seemed to be larger numbers.
They shouted, “Go home! Go
home!” at the occupation sup-
porters across the sidewalk —
many of whom were visibly
armed and carried American
flags.
The supporters, most of them
from out of state, shouted back
that freedom for all Americans
was under threat no matter
where you lived, and that patrio-
tism was on their side. “Where
are your flags?” they shouted.
Julie Turkewitz contributed re-
porting.
Top, residents of Burns, Ore., rallied Monday outside the Harney County courthouse, where
Steve Grasty is a judge, for the end of the armed takeover of a federal wildlife refuge. Above, pro-
testers who support the takeover, many with American flags, said patriotism was on their side.
“Where are your flags?”
County officials, including
Sheriff Dave Ward, watched the
spectacle from a second-story
window in the courthouse.
One of the occupation support-
ers was Billy Hennessey, a car
salesman who drove three hours
from Boise, Idaho, to protest Mr.
Finicum’s death. “People
shouldn’t die for expressing a dif-
ferent opinion,” he said. He car-
ried a sign saying, “For the love
of God, free the people.”
Caryn Burri, a Burns resident
who wants the town to return to
normal, said she was there to
urge the F.B.I. to go home, and
the only way for that to happen,
she said, was for the armed out-
siders to go home first.
“If they leave, the F.B.I. can
leave,” she said.
As the demonstrations went
on, there were scenes of high ten-
sion, with police officers some-
times physically separating peo-
ple, but also attempts at con-
PHOTOGRAPHS BY JIM URQUHART/REUTERS
version, as when Grant Gunder-
son, 67, a retired wildlife biologist
who lives in Burns, tried to con-
vince a neighbor that he was on
the wrong side of the demonstra-
tion.
“We don’t need them here,”
Mr. Gunderson said, gesturing to
the Bundy/Finicum supporters.
The two men hugged, but the ar-
gument was not won.
The neighbor went back to the
other side of the divide, saying,
“They’re for freedom.”
with questions that seldom get
full and considered answers.
“We look like ‘Family Feud,’”
Justice Thomas told a bar group
in 2000.
Asked about the free-for-all
state of arguments at Harvard in
2013, he said, “I don’t like it that
way, but I’m nobody’s boss.”
But the oral arguments are not
only about eliciting information
from lawyers. They are also the
justices’ first opportunity to talk
about the case and to try to sway
one another.
“Quite often the judges are de-
bating among themselves and
just using the lawyers as a back-
board,” Chief Justice John G. Rob-
erts Jr. said in 2008 at Columbia
Law School.
Justice Thomas has withdrawn
from that debate. Judging by his
concurrences and dissents, often
joined by no other justice, he is
not much interested in compro-
mise, persuasion or coalition
building. That is, his admirers
say, a sign of character and integ-
rity.
About eight times a year, Jus-
tice Thomas does speak from the
bench, to announce his majority
opinions. Other justices use those
occasions to offer conversational
summaries partly aimed at visit-
ing tourists, sometimes with hu-
morous asides that do not appear
in the printed versions.
Justice Thomas does not seem
to relish the task of describing
what the court has just decided.
National Briefing
PLAINS
Justice Clarence Thomas in
2008. His last question during
arguments was 10 years ago.
total of 11 times earlier in that
term and in the previous one.
They were mostly good ques-
tions, brisk and pointed.
Justice Thomas has offered
shifting reasons for his general
taciturnity. In his 2007 memoir,
“My Grandfather’s Son,” he
wrote that he had never asked
questions in college or law school
and that he had been intimidated
by some of his fellow students.
He has also said he is self-con-
scious about the way he speaks,
partly because he had been
teased about the dialect he grew
up speaking in rural Georgia.
It is a pity that Justice Thomas
has withdrawn from an impor-
tant part of the court’s work. He
has a distinctive legal philosophy
and a background entirely differ-
ent from that of any other justice.
In 2002, the courtroom was riv-
eted when he shared his reflec-
tions on the meaning of a Virginia
law that banned cross burning,
recalling “almost 100 years of
lynching” in the South by the Ku
Klux Klan and other groups.
“This was a reign of terror, and
the cross was a symbol of that
reign of terror,” he said, adding,
“It was intended to cause fear
and to terrorize a population.”
Were Justice Thomas to talk,
people would listen.

North Dakota: Cuts Ordered to Balance Budget

Concerns Over Social Media Link to Virginia Girl’s Killing
From Page A12
too young to have been using
Facebook,” said Jenn Burleson
Mackay, an associate professor
at Virginia Tech who teaches so-
cial media use in the Department
of Communication. “To be look-
ing for boyfriends and dating ad-
vice on Facebook at age 13 just
seems inappropriate.”
Facebook declined to com-
viewed on Monday; a police offi-
cer stood by the eight-unit, two-
story apartment block where she
lives here, and shooed a reporter
away. But The Washington Post,
in an article published in Mon-
day’s newspaper, quoted Ms.
Weeks as saying her daughter, a
seventh grader
at Blacksburg
Middle School,
was bullied on
in counselors for the students,
and asked reporters to keep their
distance while their community
grieved.
Nicole’s disappearance, some-
time between midnight and 7 a.m.
Wednesday, prompted an intense
search and led her father, David
Lovell, to issue an anguished plea
on television for her to come
home. In an interview with
WDBJ, a station in Roanoke, Mr.
what was found.
Friends of Mr. Eisenhauer’s
said on Monday that his social
life, at least in high school, cen-
tered on seven or eight long-dis-
tance runners who hung out to-
gether. He took Advanced Place-
ment classes and was not a par-
tyer, said Paul Lyon, a high
school classmate and fellow run-
ner. “We’d go to someone’s house
and get out the Xbox and play
Gov. Jack Dalrymple on Monday ordered cuts of just over 4 percent to
government agencies and a raid on state savings to make up for a more
than $1 billion budget shortfall caused by the slumping oil industry. The
Legislature’s $14.4 billion budget for the two years that began July 1 was
built on oil prices and economic assumptions that have fallen, the Re-
publican governor said. He will take more than $497 million from the
state’s Budget Stabilization Fund. The remainder will be made up with
the previously anticipated ending fund balance of about $331 million.
(AP)
SOUTH
West Virginia: Probation Sentence in Chemical Spill
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ment, except to say it was looking
at the group page. The company
prohibits users under age 13, and
publishes a set of community
standards for use of the site that
ban, among other things, nude
images, threats, bullying, harass-
social media Lovell said he was worried about Halo or something.” A former environmental consultant at a chemical distributor was sen-
and at school, his daughter’s health; she need- He was also on the track and tenced to three years’ probation and fined $10,000 Monday for a 2014
particularly ed daily medications. field team at Virginia Tech, chemical spill that fouled the drinking water supply of 300,000 people.
about her ap- “At this point, I know that she’s though the school’s sports de-
The consultant, Robert Reynolds, was the first of six former Freedom
pearance. sick, she’s hurting, she’s prob- partment has taken down its Industries officials to be sentenced. The spill of the coal-cleaning agent
“She didn’t ably already into convulsions, page about him.
MCHM into the Elk River got into a water company’s intake. (AP)
like going to her liver is shutting down as we On the Virginia Tech campus,
Nicole Madi- school, because speak,” Mr. Lovell told the sta- where memories of the 2007
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m

ment and anything that promotes
sexual exploitation.
Nicole’s mother, Tammy
Weeks, declined to be inter-
Hawes Spencer reported from
Blacksburg, Sheryl Gay Stolberg
from Washington, and Richard
Pérez-Peña from New York. Alain
Delaquérière contributed re-
search.
son Lovell she was bul-
lied,” the news-
paper quoted Ms. Weeks as say-
ing. She added that her daughter
had told her that “girls were say-
ing she was fat and talking about
her scars from her transplant,”
which included a tracheotomy
scar.
At Blacksburg Middle School
on Monday, school officials called
tion. “Right now, I’m scared to
death.”
On Monday, for the second day
in a row, Virginia State Police div-
ers searched a pond on the Vir-
ginia Tech campus. The State Po-
lice confirmed that the divers
were searching for evidence in
the death of Nicole, at the request
of the Blacksburg police, but de-
clined to be more specific or say
shooting by a student that left 32
people dead remain strong, there
was deep dismay yet again.
“We’ve obviously had a lot of
tragedy here before,” said
Devynn Breen, a junior from
northern Maryland who majors
in animal and poultry science.
“But it’s just hard to think that
one of your fellow Hokies is capa-
ble of this.”
MIDWEST
Illinois: Chicago Teachers Reject Contract Offer
The Chicago Teachers Union said Monday that it had rejected a con-
tract proposal because it did not address school conditions, lack of serv-
ices to some students and a long-term fiscal crisis. Teachers would have
received raises of 2.75 percent next year and 3 percent in each of the
next two years. In return, they would pay their entire 9 percent pension
contribution, including the 7 percent the district agreed decades ago to
fund. (AP)
 THE NEW YORK TIMES, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 2016 N A21

Post-Cesarean Bacteria Transfer Could Change Health for Life, Study Shows
By SANDRA BLAKESLEE Medicine. microbes may educate the early was dipped in a saline solution mouths and on the skin of C-sec- Compared with infants who
The first germs to colonize a “The study is extremely im- immune system to recognize and inserted into each mother’s tion babies who were not spent time squeezed inside the
newborn delivered vaginally portant,” said Dr. Jack Gilbert, a friend from foe, Dr. Dominguez- vagina for one hour before sur- swabbed, Dr. Dominguez-Bello birth canal, those who were
microbial ecologist at Argonne Bello said. gery. As the operations began, said. But in terms of their bacteri- swabbed got less exposure to
come almost exclusively from the
National Laboratory, who did not Friendly bacteria, like lactoba- the gauze was pulled out and al colonies, the infants swabbed their mother’s microbes.
mother. But the first to reach an
take part in the work. “Just un- cilli, are tolerated as being like placed in a sterile collector. with the microbes closely resem- And all infants delivered by
infant born by cesarean section
derstanding that it’s possible is oneself. Those from hospital ven- One to two minutes after the bled vaginally delivered babies, C-section were exposed to anti-
come mostly from the environ-
exciting.” tilation vents or the like may be babies were delivered and put she found, especially in the first biotics, which also may have re-
ment — particularly bacteria
But it will take further studies perceived as enemies and be at- under a neonatal lamp, research- week of life. They were all cov- duced the number and variety of
from inaccessible or less- ered with lactobacilli.
following C-section babies for tacked. ers swabbed each infant’s lips, bacteria colonizing them.
scrubbed areas like lamps and
many years to know to what de- These early microbial interac- face, chest, arms, legs, back, gen- Gut bacteria in both C-section A larger study of vaginal mi-
walls, and from skin cells from groups, however, were less abun-
gree, if any, the method protects tions may help set up an immune itals and anal region with the crobial transfer is underway at
everyone else in the delivery dant than that found in the vagi-
them from immune and metabol- system that recognizes “self” N.Y.U., Dr. Dominguez-Bello said.
room. ic problems, he said. from “non-self” for the rest of a nally delivered babies. Eighty-four mothers have partici-
That difference, some experts Some epidemiological studies person’s life, Dr. Dominguez-Bel- Anal samples from the pated so far.
believe, could influence a child’s
lifelong health. Now, in the first
have suggested that C-section ba-
bies may have an elevated risk
lo said.
In the United States, about one
A mother’s beneficial swabbed group, oddly, contained
the highest abundance of bacte-
Infants delivered both by
C-section and vaginally will be
study of its kind, researchers on
Monday confirmed that a moth-
for developing immune and met-
abolic disorders, including Type 1
in three babies are delivered by
C-section, a rate that has risen
microbes are swabbed ria usually found in the mouth.
The results show the complex-
followed for one year to look for
differences in the treated and un-
er’s beneficial microbes can be
transferred, at least partly, from
diabetes, allergies, asthma and drastically in recent decades. all over her baby after ity of labor, said Dr. Alexander treated groups and to look for
obesity. Some hospitals perform the sur- Khoruts, a microbial expert and complications. So far, the swab-
her vagina to her baby after a Scientists have theorized that gery on nearly seven in 10 wom- surgery. associate professor of medicine bing has proved entirely safe.
C-section. these children may be missing en delivering babies. at the University of Minnesota. The procedure is not yet rec-
The small proof-of-principle key bacteria known to play a An ideal C-section rate for low- “It cannot be simplified to a neat, ommended by professional med-
study suggests a new way to in- large role in shaping the immune risk births should be no more effortless passage of the infant ical societies, said Dr. Sara Bru-
oculate babies, said Dr. Maria system from the moment of birth than 15 percent, according to the damp gauze. The procedure took through the birth canal,” he said. baker, a specialist in maternal
Gloria Dominguez-Bello, an asso- onward. To replace these mi- World Health Organization. 15 seconds. As the month progressed, the and fetal medicine at N.Y.U. Until
ciate professor of medicine at crobes, some parents have Dr. Dominguez-Bello’s study Dr. Dominguez-Bello and her oral and skin microbes of all in- more is known, physicians are
New York University and the turned to a novel procedure involved 18 babies born at the colleagues then tracked the com- fants began to resemble normal hesitant to participate.
lead author of the report, pub- called vaginal microbial transfer. University of Puerto Rico hospi- position of microbes by taking adult patterns, Dr. Dominguez- “But it has hit the lay press,”
lished on Monday in Nature A mother’s vaginal fluids — tal in San Juan, where she re- more than 1,500 oral, skin and Bello said. But fecal bacteria did she said. “Patients come in and
loaded with one such essential cently worked. Seven were born anal samples from the newborns, not, probably because of breast ask for it. They are doing it them-
bacterium, lactobacillus, which vaginally and 11 by elective as well as vaginal samples from or formula feeding and the ab- selves.”
Other points of view helps digest human milk — are C-section. Of the latter, four were the mothers, over the first month sence of solid foods. Dr. Brubaker is one of them.
collected before surgery and swabbed with the mother’s vagi- after birth. The transfer fell short of full When her daughter was born
on the Op-Ed page swabbed all over the infant a nal microbes and seven were not. For the first few days, ambient vaginal birthlike colonization for three and a half months ago, she
seven days a week. minute or two after birth. Microbes were collected on a skin bacteria from the delivery two reasons, Dr. Dominguez-Bel- arranged to have her baby
The New York Times An infant’s first exposure to folded sterile piece of gauze that room predominated in the lo said. swabbed.

Weather Report Meteorology by AccuWeather

Va
ancouver 20s
s Metropolitan Forecast
0s Record
Regina TODAY .......................... Mostly sunny, cooler highs
Se
eattle
e ttle Winnipeg
eg Quebec
ec
10s
H 20s High 47. As an area of high pressure
40s
40
0
20s
S
Spokane
H H
Halifax
builds into the Northeast, expect plenty of
Po
ortla
o r and Montreal 60°
Helena
Bismarck Po
Por
Portland
sunshine. A northeast breeze will provide
Eug
gen
gene Fargo Ottawa
Billings Burlington
n on
M
Ma
Manchester
a cooler day, but temperatures will contin-
30s B
Boise
Toronto
To
ue to be unseasonably warm.
St. Paul
S Bos
Boston
sMinneap
20s n apolis
ap Albany
y
Pierre Milwauk
kee Buffalo
30s
Har
Hartford
a TONIGHT ................... A shower around dawn 50°
Detroit
troit
it
Casper
Sioux
o Falls
New York
N Low 42. High pressure will slide to the
40s
50s Reno
no H 10s
Che
he
eyenne
Des Moines Chicago
Ch
Chica
hicag
go
o Cleveland Pittsburgh 50s
50
Phi
Ph
Philadelphia
east. A storm system approaching from
Omaha
Salt Lake the west will cause clouds to increase. A
S Fr
San Fra
anc
a cisco
c
10
10s
isco
sco
co
City
Denver L Indianapolis
i napolis
apolis Wash
Washington
ash
few spots can expect a shower late. 40° Normal
Springfield
i Richm
chmond
Colorado
rado Topeka
ka
Las
30s Charleston
Charleston
e TOMORROW ............... Rain, becoming heavy highs
Frrre
esn
e ssn
sno Springs
ngs n as S
Kansas St. Louis N
Norfolk
Louisville
Vegas
egas City
ty
y 50s
Wic a
Wichita
Wi Ral gh
Raleigh
Ra High 57. A storm system moving through
Los
L o A
Angeles Santa
nta Fe Na
Nashville Charl
arlotte the Eastern Seaboard will bring a windy,
Oklahoma City 6
60s
50s Little
ttle R
Rock
Memphis milder day to the area. It will also provide 30°
San Diego
o Phoen
oenix
oen
nix
ix Albuquerque Columb
bia
Birmingham
m rain, some of which may be heavy in the Normal
Lubbock Atlanta lows
60s Tucso
on
o 40s 70s afternoon.
Dallas
s
El Paso Ft. Worth Jackson
n THURSDAY .................................. Partly sunny
60s
J
Jacksonville
As the storm moves away from the region, 20°
80
80s
0
Mo
Mobile
Honolulu San Antonio
Baton
o RRouge clouds will break for some sunshine. It will
New O
Orlando
70
0s
0s
Hou
ouston
on
n Orleans Tampa
a be breezy and cooler, but temperatures
H
Hilo 80s
will remain above average for early Febru-
Corpus C
C Christi Miami ary. 10° T F S S M T W T F S
70s Nassau
0s <0 70s
70s
Monterrey
ey FRIDAY
80s
s
SATURDAY ........................... Chiller, sunshine TODAY
Weather patterns shown as expected at noon today, Eastern time.

F irrbanks
Fair s TODAY’S HIGHS Friday will be chillier, with a mostly cloudy
Forecast
20s 10s <0 0s 10s 20s 30s 40s 50s 60s 70s 80s 90s 100+ sky and a high of 41. Saturday will be 0°
Actual range
Anchorage
chorag
horag mostly sunny and cool. The high will be High High
H L Record
Juneau
eau
COLD WARM STATIONARY COMPLEX HIGH LOW MOSTLY SHOWERS T-STORMS RAIN FLURRIES SNOW ICE
44.
30s lows
40
40s FRONTS COLD PRESSURE CLOUDY PRECIPITATION Low Low

Highlight: January 2016 Temperature Departures National Forecast Metropolitan Almanac

A dry day is in store for much of the At- In Central Park for the 16 hours ended at 4 p.m. yesterday.
lantic Seaboard today. An area of high
ABOVE Temperature Precipitation (in inches)
pressure and Pacific air will be in control,
with some sunshine. 59° Record Yesterday ............. Trace Snow ......................... 0.0
1 p.m. high 67° Record .................... 2.12 Since Oct. 1 ............ 27.2
A major storm will affect the middle of (1989)
60° For the last 30 days
the United States. Blizzard conditions are
Actual ..................... 4.41
forecast over a large part of the central Normal .................... 3.52
Plains and parts of the Upper Midwest. 50°
For the last 365 days
BELOW The combination of strong winds and Actual ................... 40.12
NEAR NORMAL 49° Normal .................. 49.94
heavy snow could force the closing of 7 a.m. Normal
40° high 39°
some roads. In the storm’s warm sector, LAST 30 DAYS

severe weather is likely from the lower Air pressure Humidity

Ohio Valley to the lower Mississippi Valley. 30° Normal High ........... 29.89 4 p.m. High ............. 60% 7 a.m.
low 27° Low ............ 29.75 4 a.m. Low.............. 47% 1 p.m.
This outbreak could include tornadoes.
As the storm winds down over the cen- 20° SUN. YESTERDAY Heating Degree Days
tral Rockies, much of the intermountain An index of fuel consumption that tracks how
West will be dry. Rain showers are in store far the day’s mean temperature fell below 65
January averaged much closer to normal, compared with December, in terms of average from Northern California to western Wash- 10° Yesterday ................................................................... 11
temperatures across the lower 48 states. Much of the northern U.S. was warmer than ington. So far this month ........................................................ 11
Record So far this season (since July 1) ............................ 1976
normal. Temperatures were below normal over the southern Rockies and Appalachians. 0° low -2° Normal to date for the season ............................... 2718
(1920)
4 12 6 12 4
Little Rock 63/ 56 0 70/ 36 T 50/ 30 S New Delhi 72/ 50 0 70/ 47 PC 71/ 46 PC p.m. a.m. a.m. p.m. p.m. Trends Temperature Precipitation
Cities Los Angeles 59/ 39 0 62/ 43 S 64/ 43 PC Riyadh 67/ 33 0 70/ 49 S 70/ 43 C Average Average
High/low temperatures for the 16 hours ended at 4 Louisville 57/ 41 0.15 68/ 47 T 50/ 32 C Seoul 30/ 10 0 31/ 16 S 38/ 22 PC Avg. daily departure Avg. daily departure Below Above Below Above
p.m. yesterday, Eastern time, and precipitation (in Memphis 63/ 58 0.01 71/ 40 T 50/ 32 PC Shanghai 37/ 29 0.02 40/ 30 PC 43/ 33 PC from normal from normal Last 10 days
inches) for the 16 hours ended at 4 p.m. yesterday. Miami 76/ 69 0.54 80/ 71 PC 80/ 70 PC Singapore 90/ 79 0.03 90/ 78 PC 90/ 78 C
this month ........... +20.8° this year ................ +2.4° 30 days
Expected conditions for today and tomorrow. Milwaukee 39/ 31 0 38/ 31 Sn 33/ 18 SS Sydney 75/ 68 0.08 77/ 66 PC 82/ 69 S
Mpls.-St. Paul 39/ 26 0 32/ 18 Sn 23/ 7 PC Taipei 60/ 53 0.37 56/ 54 R 60/ 57 R 90 days
C ....................... Clouds S ............................. Sun Nashville 57/ 50 0.35 71/ 49 C 52/ 33 PC Tehran 51/ 30 0 51/ 36 C 48/ 33 PC Reservoir levels (New York City water supply) 365 days
F ............................ Fog Sn ....................... Snow New Orleans 77/ 64 0 77/ 56 T 64/ 44 PC Tokyo 45/ 38 0.41 47/ 37 PC 46/ 37 PC
H .......................... Haze SS ......... Snow showers Norfolk 71/ 42 0 51/ 45 C 69/ 53 T Yesterday ............... 88% Chart shows how recent temperature and precipitation
Oklahoma City 65/ 39 0 52/ 28 W 45/ 25 S Europe Yesterday Today Tomorrow
I............................... Ice T .......... Thunderstorms Est. normal ............. 87% trends compare with those of the last 30 years.
Omaha 41/ 32 0 32/ 18 Sn 27/ 11 PC Amsterdam 52/ 49 0.19 49/ 40 W 45/ 40 Sh
PC........... Partly cloudy Tr ........................ Trace Athens 68/ 48 0 66/ 49 S 66/ 50 S
Orlando 80/ 62 0.03 82/ 65 F 81/ 64 T
R ........................... Rain W ....................... Windy Philadelphia 58/ 33 0.09 50/ 41 S 63/ 42 R Berlin 52/ 36 0.20 50/ 36 R 43/ 35 Sh
Sh ................... Showers –.............. Not available Phoenix
Pittsburgh
55/
46/
38
28
0.28
0.07
56/
50/
36
45
S
PC
59/
59/
38
32
S
R
Brussels
Budapest
53/ 49 0.10
49/ 35 0.22
50/ 37 R
53/ 39 C
43/ 36 Sh
48/ 33 R
Recreational Forecast
N.Y.C. region Yesterday Today Tomorrow
Portland, Me. 59/ 24 0 40/ 28 S 48/ 43 R Copenhagen 46/ 32 0.22 44/ 37 R 42/ 34 C
New York City 59/ 49 Tr 47/ 41 S 59/ 45 R Portland, Ore. 46/ 35 0.10 48/ 39 C 48/ 44 R Dublin 52/ 43 0 44/ 35 Sh 46/ 42 PC Sun, Moon and Planets Mountain and Ocean Temperatures
Bridgeport 60/ 39 0.03 45/ 37 S 55/ 41 R Providence 66/ 33 0 49/ 34 S 57/ 48 R Edinburgh 53/ 40 0.22 44/ 36 Sh 43/ 38 PC
Caldwell 60/ 38 0.01 48/ 34 S 60/ 41 R Raleigh 72/ 48 0 58/ 53 C 74/ 52 T Frankfurt 56/ 50 0.13 54/ 39 R 46/ 36 PC New First Quarter Full Last Quarter
Danbury 60/ 31 0 47/ 32 S 57/ 42 R Reno 37/ 19 0.01 39/ 22 PC 43/ 31 PC Geneva 59/ 45 0.12 55/ 44 PC 46/ 33 Sh Today’s forecast
Islip 64/ 40 0.05 46/ 36 S 57/ 44 R Richmond 70/ 40 0 52/ 45 C 67/ 44 T Helsinki 32/ 22 0.04 35/ 31 Sn 33/ 23 Sn
Newark 60/ 38 0.02 47/ 37 S 60/ 44 R Rochester 45/ 29 0.09 44/ 36 C 59/ 30 R Istanbul 54/ 48 0.02 52/ 47 S 58/ 51 S White
Trenton 57/ 39 0.02 48/ 36 S 62/ 42 R Sacramento 56/ 35 0 51/ 37 PC 54/ 44 C Kiev 39/ 29 0.02 44/ 38 Sh 47/ 32 Sh Feb. 8 Feb. 15 Feb. 22 Mar. 1 27/17 Partly sunny
White Plains 58/ 40 0.04 46/ 34 S 57/ 43 R Salt Lake City 30/ 17 0.02 28/ 14 C 29/ 16 SS Lisbon 62/ 48 0 61/ 53 PC 64/ 49 C 9:38 a.m. 1:19 p.m.
London 56/ 49 0.01 50/ 37 PC 47/ 38 PC Green
United States Yesterday Today Tomorrow San Antonio 75/ 53 0 72/ 41 S 61/ 34 S
San Diego 60/ 45 0.05 62/ 46 S 66/ 47 S Madrid 63/ 36 0 61/ 41 PC 58/ 35 C 23/12 Partly sunny
Albany 54/ 29 Tr 43/ 32 PC 53/ 37 R Sun RISE 7:06 a.m. Moon R 1:38 a.m.
San Francisco 55/ 46 0 55/ 44 C 56/ 49 C Moscow 34/ 30 0.12 36/ 34 Sn 38/ 32 I SET 5:14 p.m. S 12:09 p.m.
Albuquerque 43/ 29 0.15 43/ 23 SS 42/ 20 S Adirondacks
San Jose 57/ 40 0 56/ 42 C 60/ 47 C Nice 60/ 46 Tr 59/ 45 C 63/ 42 C
Anchorage 24/ 16 0 25/ 12 C 25/ 15 I NEXT R 7:05 a.m. R 2:34 a.m. 31/21 Partly sunny 40s
San Juan 84/ 73 0.04 83/ 73 PC 81/ 72 S Oslo 33/ 17 0.25 37/ 21 Sh 31/ 21 PC
Atlanta 68/ 56 0.07 72/ 61 F 67/ 38 T Paris 54/ 50 0.04 55/ 39 R 46/ 37 PC Jupiter S 9:00 a.m. Mars R 12:53 a.m.
Seattle 47/ 36 0.03 48/ 39 C 48/ 43 R Berkshires
Atlantic City 66/ 37 0.06 48/ 40 S 59/ 46 R Prague 50/ 38 0.24 52/ 39 PC 44/ 34 Sh R 8:24 p.m. S 11:12 a.m.
Sioux Falls 39/ 25 0 30/ 15 Sn 26/ 15 PC 37/26 Sunny much of the time
Austin 77/ 52 Tr 70/ 37 S 59/ 30 S Rome 64/ 46 0 60/ 50 C 58/ 43 PC
Spokane 35/ 25 Tr 36/ 24 PC 37/ 32 C Saturn R 3:14 a.m. Venus R 5:18 a.m.
Baltimore 55/ 33 0.20 48/ 40 C 63/ 37 R St. Petersburg 36/ 24 0.01 36/ 33 Sn 36/ 23 Sn
St. Louis 55/ 44 0 65/ 39 T 41/ 26 C S 12:47 p.m. S 2:40 p.m. Catskills
Baton Rouge 79/ 66 0.02 77/ 50 T 62/ 40 PC Stockholm 34/ 23 0.12 41/ 28 Sn 32/ 26 PC
St. Thomas 82/ 73 0.03 83/ 72 PC 84/ 72 S 38/29 Partly sunny
Birmingham 72/ 59 0.07 71/ 55 F 60/ 37 PC Vienna 57/ 40 0.39 54/ 40 PC 48/ 36 C
Syracuse 46/ 27 0.02 41/ 34 PC 54/ 32 R Boating
Boise 35/ 21 0 38/ 22 PC 40/ 31 PC Warsaw 43/ 35 0.21 51/ 40 Sh 45/ 35 PC
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Tampa 78/ 64 0 81/ 67 F 77/ 64 T

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CO PY R I G H T A N D P R OT E C T E D BY A P P L I C A B L E L AW

Boston 65/ 34 0 44/ 35 S 53/ 48 R Poconos

Toledo 44/ 28 0 48/ 44 R 46/ 24 C North America Yesterday Today Tomorrow From Montauk Point to Sandy Hook, N.J., out to 20 41/32 Partly sunny
Buffalo 40/ 28 0.09 45/ 37 PC 57/ 28 R
Tucson 52/ 32 0.16 52/ 27 S 56/ 31 S nautical miles, including Long Island Sound and New 50s
Burlington 53/ 23 0.03 34/ 27 PC 49/ 37 R Acapulco 89/ 74 0 87/ 73 S 87/ 74 PC
Tulsa 65/ 49 0 54/ 31 W 43/ 25 S York Harbor. Southwest Pa.
Casper 23/ 16 0.04 26/ 6 Sn 21/ 13 C Virginia Beach 69/ 44 0 51/ 47 C 68/ 50 T Bermuda 68/ 64 0.05 69/ 64 PC 69/ 64 PC
Charlotte 73/ 49 0.02 63/ 56 C 72/ 46 T Washington 60/ 34 0.15 49/ 43 C 63/ 42 R Edmonton 23/ 6 0 25/ 4 S 22/ 10 PC Wind will be from the northeast shifting into the east at 45/39 Some sun, then clouds
Chattanooga 68/ 52 0.03 68/ 59 C 61/ 35 Sh Wichita 56/ 39 0.10 40/ 24 W 40/ 22 S Guadalajara 82/ 41 0 81/ 35 S 81/ 34 PC 8-16 knots today. Waves will be 2-3 feet on the ocean,
Chicago 44/ 32 0 43/ 33 R 35/ 20 SS Wilmington, Del. 56/ 30 0.12 47/ 37 S 63/ 40 R Havana 81/ 68 0.04 86/ 70 PC 85/ 67 PC 1-2 feet on Long Island Sound and New York Harbor. 60s
Cincinnati 51/ 35 0.09 63/ 47 C 49/ 29 C Kingston 86/ 75 0.03 88/ 75 PC 86/ 75 PC
West Virginia
Visibility unrestricted.
Cleveland 44/ 28 0.15 51/ 48 C 55/ 27 C Africa Yesterday Today Tomorrow Martinique 84/ 72 0.10 84/ 70 Sh 85/ 70 S 47/42 A shower in the afternoon
Colorado Springs 29/ 16 0.41 25/ 5 Sn 29/ 5 PC Algiers 68/ 43 0 73/ 48 S 68/ 48 PC Mexico City 76/ 44 0 76/ 46 PC 77/ 45 PC High Tides
Columbus 47/ 32 0.12 56/ 52 C 54/ 30 C Cairo 65/ 49 0 67/ 50 PC 70/ 52 S Monterrey 91/ 44 0 82/ 40 S 71/ 33 S Color bands
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m

Concord, N.H. 58/ 27 0 43/ 27 S 51/ 44 R Cape Town 82/ 67 0 79/ 65 PC 76/ 62 PC Montreal 46/ 37 0.26 29/ 23 S 44/ 34 R Atlantic City ................... 2:00 a.m. .............. 2:10 p.m. Blue Ridge indicate water
Dallas-Ft. Worth 68/ 50 0 64/ 36 PC 53/ 29 S Dakar 85/ 69 0 84/ 69 PC 83/ 69 S Nassau 77/ 68 0.33 82/ 70 PC 83/ 71 S Barnegat Inlet ................ 2:11 a.m. .............. 2:29 p.m. 46/41 A shower in the afternoon temperature.
Denver 31/ 17 0.50 25/ 8 Sn 29/ 11 PC Johannesburg 78/ 58 0 86/ 64 S 87/ 61 PC Panama City 91/ 68 0 93/ 73 PC 91/ 72 PC The Battery .................... 2:43 a.m. .............. 3:01 p.m.
Des Moines 45/ 34 0 38/ 24 Sn 25/ 9 C Nairobi 79/ 59 0.11 79/ 56 PC 81/ 57 PC Quebec City 41/ 32 0.26 20/ 8 S 36/ 35 Sn Beach Haven ................. 3:29 a.m. .............. 3:45 p.m.
Detroit 46/ 28 0 44/ 41 R 45/ 26 SS Tunis 65/ 52 0 67/ 47 S 68/ 51 S Santo Domingo 86/ 67 0 87/ 67 PC 87/ 67 S Bridgeport ..................... 5:47 a.m. .............. 6:22 p.m.
El Paso 58/ 34 0.01 49/ 27 PC 50/ 25 S Toronto 47/ 36 0.04 38/ 32 C 53/ 27 R City Island ...................... 5:22 a.m. .............. 6:22 p.m.
Expect a mostly cloudy day in the moun-
Fargo 32/ 18 0 26/ 8 C 22/ 17 PC Asia/Pacific Yesterday Today Tomorrow Vancouver 43/ 33 0.09 46/ 38 PC 46/ 41 R
Hartford 61/ 29 0.01 48/ 33 S 56/ 45 R Baghdad 68/ 39 0 65/ 44 C 67/ 43 S Fire Island Lt. ................. 2:57 a.m. .............. 3:13 p.m. tains of West Virginia and Virginia today,
Winnipeg 18/ 7 0 15/ -4 C 14/ 4 Sn
Honolulu 82/ 67 0 81/ 71 S 82/ 68 PC Bangkok 93/ 76 0 90/ 71 PC 90/ 70 S Montauk Point ................ 3:58 a.m. .............. 4:24 p.m. with an afternoon shower in a few spots.
Houston 76/ 61 0 73/ 43 T 60/ 37 S Beijing 37/ 12 0 40/ 14 PC 43/ 18 PC South America Yesterday Today Tomorrow Northport ....................... 5:49 a.m. .............. 6:25 p.m.
Indianapolis 49/ 34 0 59/ 37 R 45/ 24 C Damascus 62/ 30 0 61/ 35 S 62/ 32 S Buenos Aires 81/ 52 0 82/ 67 S 82/ 64 C Port Washington ............ 5:26 a.m. .............. 6:01 p.m. Farther north, sunshine will mix with some
Jackson 76/ 63 0.02 76/ 45 T 57/ 35 PC Hong Kong 60/ 50 0.35 54/ 51 R 60/ 54 C Caracas 85/ 73 0 86/ 74 S 85/ 74 S Sandy Hook ................... 2:11 a.m. .............. 2:27 p.m. clouds as an area of high pressure slides
Jacksonville 81/ 53 0 77/ 62 F 77/ 60 T Jakarta 86/ 76 1.19 86/ 77 T 85/ 76 Sh Lima 83/ 74 0 84/ 73 C 84/ 73 PC Shinnecock Inlet ............ 2:06 a.m. .............. 2:28 p.m.
Kansas City 51/ 40 0 53/ 25 Sh 33/ 22 PC Jerusalem 56/ 31 0 51/ 36 PC 58/ 38 S Quito 77/ 53 0.04 75/ 54 Sh 72/ 54 Sh Stamford ........................ 5:50 a.m. .............. 6:25 p.m.
to the east. Highs will range from the 20s
Key West 79/ 71 0.14 80/ 73 S 80/ 70 PC Karachi 81/ 61 0 82/ 57 PC 83/ 57 PC Recife 86/ 77 0.27 86/ 76 Sh 87/ 78 Sh Tarrytown ....................... 4:32 a.m. .............. 4:50 p.m. in the north to the mid-50s in the south.
Las Vegas 49/ 32 0.16 48/ 31 S 49/ 35 S Manila 90/ 77 0 89/ 79 PC 88/ 79 R Rio de Janeiro 95/ 76 0 92/ 76 S 90/ 75 S Willets Point ................... 5:20 a.m. .............. 6:28 p.m.
Lexington 53/ 38 0.24 67/ 50 C 52/ 31 PC Mumbai 89/ 74 0 90/ 66 PC 91/ 64 PC Santiago 87/ 59 0 89/ 58 S 87/ 60 S
A22 0N

TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 2016

Bank Tellers, With Low Pay and High Access, Pose a Rising Security Risk
By STEPHANIE CLIFFORD
and JESSICA SILVER-GREENBERG
Bank robbers used to burst into banks
brandishing guns and bearing notes de-
manding cash to the teller behind the
window. Today, the thieves may be on the
other side of the counter.
As concerns over identity theft and
foreign cyberattacks rise, customers are
largely in the dark about a growing
threat just around the corner: bank tell-
ers and managers with instant access
not only to their critical personal infor-
mation, but also to their cash.
Though much of the focus on bank
fraud has been on sophisticated hackers,
it is the more prosaic figure of the teller
behind the window who should worry de-
positors, according to prosecutors, gov-
ernment officials and security experts.
Tellers and those who oversaw them
once played a sober, respected role in
towns small and large, carefully count-
ing out bills and peering at signatures.
But A.T.M.s, direct deposits and elec-
tronic banking have diminished tellers’
importance, to the point that their work
is now low paid and, prosecutors say, oc-
casionally criminal.
Rich and elderly bank customers are
particularly at risk, prosecutors say,
when tellers and other retail-branch
employees tap into accounts to wire
funds without authorization, make fake
debit cards to withdraw money from
A.T.M.s and sell off personal information
to other criminals. Accounts with high
balances and those with direct deposits
of government funds, like Social Security
payments, are especially coveted.
“It’s a rampant problem,” said Brenda
Fischer, chief of the Cybercrime and
Identity Theft Bureau for the Manhattan
district attorney’s office. The Manhattan
prosecutor’s office estimates it brings at
least one case against a teller per month.
Last year, a teller in White Plains was
sentenced for her role in an identity theft
ring that pilfered $850,000 from bank ac-
counts. Wiretaps revealed that the
defendants spoke in code about potential
bank targets, referring to TD Bank as
“touchdown” and JPMorgan Chase as
“Yase.” A former teller at a Capital One
branch in Maryland was sentenced in
2014 for gaining access to seven accounts
and passing customer information to a
co-conspirator who drew checks on the
accounts.
Across the country last year, cases in-
cluded a former Pennsylvania teller sen-
tenced for withdrawing money from ac-
counts; a former Manhattan teller sen-
tenced for using information to receive
tax refunds that he routed to himself; a
former Connecticut teller who took cell-
phone photos of account information,
and used that to cash fraudulent checks;
and a former Virginia credit-union teller
who took out loans from the union in
A JPMorgan Chase branch at 975 Bedford Avenue in Brooklyn, where a
bank teller was accused in December of stealing customer information.
customers’ names. The money she stole
ultimately led to the credit union’s col-
lapse.
Other lower-level employees who
work at bank branches may have too
much access to customer information,
prosecutors say: In December,
prosecutors in Brooklyn obtained indict-
MICHAEL NAGLE FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
ments against two bankers who worked
at retail locations of JPMorgan Chase in
the borough, saying they withdrew
roughly $400,000 from accounts through
fake A.T.M. cards and in-person
withdrawals.
Bringing charges against tellers and
low-level managers can be challenging,
prosecutors say, because of banks’ lax
security controls and gaps in regulation.
One Chicago-area teller jumped from
Washington Mutual to LaSalle Bank to
Fifth Third before he was caught, with-
drawing over $2 million along with his
co-conspirators. The crew rerouted
customers’ addresses to mailboxes they
controlled, created driver’s licenses in
customers’ names to open credit cards,
and even created fake businesses so they
could buy credit-card terminals — then
approve the fake charges they had rung
up.
Despite the sums at stake, executing
the crimes can be easy, prosecutors say.
Many of the tools that criminals need,
like a card printer, are just a mouse click
away, available for purchase for a couple
of hundred dollars on the Internet. And
videos that detail the mechanics of the
scams circulate online in a kind of under-
world collection of do-it-yourself seg-
ments.
Tellers and employees at retail
branches, who can gain access to a
customer’s information with a few taps
of a keyboard, are at the centers of the
schemes. Last year, for instance, Peter
Persaud, an employee at a Chase branch
in Brooklyn, sold customer information
to an informer for $2,500 per customer,
according to federal prosecutors.
Mr. Persaud has pleaded not guilty;
Continued on Page A25

PHOTOGRAPHS BY NANCIE BATTAGLIA FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

Anthony Halliday at Camp Santanoni’s main compound during an open house last month. A banker and his wife owned the property, a National Historic Landmark, in the 1800s.

A Snowy Escape Into a Gilded Age Retreat

Sprawling Estate in the Adirondacks Hosts Winter Open Houses, but Only for the Adventurous
By PAUL POST that the Pruyns bought in 1890. It has three dis-
NEWCOMB, N.Y. — For those willing to make tinct areas — a Gate Lodge near the trailhead
a five-mile trek on snowshoes or cross-country just off State Route 28N; a farm that once sup-
skis, a historic winter wonderland can be found plied food for the Pruyn family and the guests;
deep in the Adirondack woods. and the main camp complex, overlooking New-
More than 200 people cheerily accepted the comb Lake.
wilderness challenge recently to reach Camp During the summer, horse-and-wagon rides
Santanoni, one of many rustic retreats built for were still a popular way to reach the main camp,
19th-century tycoons, including Alfred Vander- which includes nearly a dozen buildings. Today,
bilt, J. P. Morgan and William Rockefeller, be- bikes are also used to make the five-mile trip
tween roughly 1870 and 1920. from the main road on an old woods road. Motor-
The allure is history, peace, solitude and ized vehicles are never allowed. Camp Santano-
natural beauty. Surprisingly, one of this year’s ni’s grounds are open year round, though in win-
main attractions is also snow, which until now ter, buildings are open only on certain week-
has been in short supply in most parts of upstate ends. The next dates are scheduled for Presi-
New York. dents’ Day weekend, Feb. 13 to 15, and March 12
“When we were driving in, you could see the and 13.
Linda Feist, of Niskayuna, N.Y., came to avoid
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High Peaks mountaintops coated in snow,” said

Jennifer Cross, who was visiting from Schenec- the crowds at Gore Mountain, a large downhill
tady, N.Y., during an open house in January. “It’s ski area about 30 minutes away. “I was there
absolutely breathtaking and gorgeous.” yesterday,” she said. “It was a madhouse. I de-
Camp Santanoni, a National Historic Land- cided to get into the woods today. To me it’s just a
mark, was owned by Robert Pruyn, an Albany beautiful escape. It makes you wish you lived
banker, and his wife, Anna. It is one of many back then.”
Gilded Age retreats in the Adirondacks whose A quarter century ago, such open house
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m

signature architecture, featuring logs, field-
stone and bark, became known as Great Camps.
They were built as summer homes to get away
from the heat, the bustle and the worries of city
life. Camp Santanoni is the only Great Camp
owned by New York State, which is a host for a
series of winter open houses every year.
These ski-and-snowshoe weekends allow peo-
ple a chance to experience Camp Santanoni at a
time of year when its original owners could not
get there. Before cars, travel in warm weather
months was by train from Albany to North
events would not have been possible.
The state bought the property in 1972. For
nearly 20 years, its camp buildings were not
Built as an escape from city life, the compound welcomed many illustrious guests, includ- maintained, fell into serious disrepair and were
ing Theodore Roosevelt, then the governor of New York, shown in the top photograph.
in danger of being removed.
In 1990, a nonprofit group, Adirondack Archi-
Creek, almost 30 miles away, followed by a long, herd, a volunteer tour guide, who welcomes tectural Heritage, was formed with a goal of
jouncing horse-drawn-wagon ride. guests in from the cold. “Now anybody can come saving Camp Santanoni and other historic sites
There is no fee for trekking into the site. The here and explore this beautiful lake and forest. in the region. “This was their poster child,” said
reward is exhilarating exercise followed by free It’s open to all. If you can get in, it’s yours.” Michael Frenette, a local carpenter who special-
hot cocoa. Camp Santanoni, about 100 miles northwest of izes in historic restoration. He did most of the
“This was a grand estate,” said Matt Shep- Albany, was part of a 12,900-acre forest preserve Continued on Page A24

Brooklyn Teenager, in Retrial, Is Convicted of Fatally Shooting Man on a Bus
By ASHLEY SOUTHALL
A Brooklyn teenager who
opened fire on a crowded New
York City bus during a gang turf
war two years ago, killing a 39-
year-old immigrant who was an
unintended tar-
get, was con-
victed of sec-
ond-degree
murder on
Monday.
A jury deliv-
ered the guilty
verdict against
the boy, Kahton
Anderson, 15, in
Angel Rojas, State Supreme
39, was killed. Court in Brook-
lyn. Justice Di-
neen Riviezzo set sentencing for
Mr. Anderson, who faces 15 years
to life in prison, for Feb. 18
Mr. Anderson, of Bedford-
Stuyvesant, was retried in the
March 2014 death of Angel Rojas, a
shooting that raised concerns
Most Homeless Shelter Violations Occur
In Private Buildings, City Report Finds
By NIKITA STEWART
Seeking to show progress in
New York’s efforts to improve
homeless shelters, Mayor Bill de
Blasio released a new — and over-
due — report on Monday that cat-
alogs the number of safety vio-
lations at more than 600 sites used
to house homeless people.
The report, the Shelter Repair
Scorecard, documents longstand-
ing problems in cluster-site shel-
ters, which are housing units
rented as shelter space from pri-
vate landlords.
The 265 cluster shelters house
about 20 percent of the city’s
58,000 people in the shelter sys-
tem, but those buildings ac-
counted for 67 percent of the out-
standing violations, or 14,418, as of
the end of December.
City officials announced a plan
last month to stop using cluster
shelters by the end of 2018.
By contrast, the city’s 357 tradi-
tional shelters, many of them op-
erated by nonprofits under con-
tract with the city, fared better in
the scorecard. More than half of
those shelters had 10 or fewer vio-
lations, and family shelters aver-
aged less than one violation each,
a level the city said was similar to
a typical city apartment building.
Son of Ex-Aide to de Blasio’s Wife Is Held
By ASHLEY SOUTHALL
The son of a former top aide to
Mayor Bill de Blasio’s wife was ar-
rested on Monday on charges that
he fatally stabbed a 16-year-old
suspect in an armed robbery at-
tempt in New Jersey, according to
law enforcement authorities.
The acting Bergen County pros-
ecutor said Khari Noerdlinger, 19,
was arrested along with four
other people and charged with ag-
gravated manslaughter, pos-
session of a weapon for an unlaw-
ful purpose and hindering appre-
hension. A judge ordered him held
at the county jail on $500,000 bail,
according to the prosecutor, Gur-
bir S. Grewal.
Mr. Noerdlinger, of Edgewater,
N.J., is the son of Rachel Noerd-
linger, a publicist and the former
chief of staff to the mayor’s wife,
Chirlane McCray. Ms. Noerdling-
er took a leave of absence from
City Hall after her role was
overshadowed by controversy
over her personal life that raised
William K. Rashbaum and Nikita
Stewart contributed reporting.
about how a petty turf war involv-
ing teenagers could lead to such
random, deadly violence. An earli-
er jury could not reach a decision
last year on a murder charge but
found him guilty on some lesser
charges, including criminal pos-
session of a weapon.
The defense and prosecutors in
the new trial agreed that Mr. An-
derson pulled out a revolver and
opened fire on three rival gang
members aboard a crowded B15
bus during the evening rush. He
fired a single shot that missed the
intended targets and struck Mr.
Rojas, a fruit vendor, in the back of
the head.
The retrial focused on Mr. An-
derson’s state of mind, and
whether he believed rival gang
members were about to attack
him.
Mr. Anderson, a member of the
gang Stack Money Goons, argued
that he had acted in self-defense
against the other gang that he said
Six traditional shelters, includ-
ing a city-owned center in Man-
hattan, had more than 100 open vi-
olations (as did 30 cluster shelter
sites).
The mayor promised last
spring, after the city’s Investiga-
tion Department released a report
criticizing shelter conditions, that
the report card would be out by
last May. But it ended up taking
An overdue scorecard
that documents
longstanding issues
but lacks key data.
months longer and what was re-
leased on Monday lacked some
key data, including addresses or
details of the violations.
The scorecard also does not in-
clude reports of crime, which has
proved as much of a concern to
shelter residents as conditions.
Many homeless people say they
fear shelters because of thefts and
other crimes.
Last week, Mr. de Blasio an-
nounced that the city would in-
questions about the hiring and
vetting process for senior aides.
She left in November 2014, a few
days after her son was arrested on
a criminal trespassing charge,
and as city investigators were
looking into her
omission dur-
ing a back-
ground check
that she lived
with a examiner said was a stab wound
boyfriend who
had written
provocative on-
line posts criti-
cizing the po-
Khari lice and had a
Noerdlinger long record of
arrests.
Mr. Grewal said Mr. Noerdling-
er was arrested after he and oth-
ers tried to remove evidence from
the stabbing scene on Sunday
night in Edgewater. Officials did
not explain the dispute that led to
the stabbing.
The victim, who was identified
by law enforcement authorities
only as “S. L.,” and four other sus-
pects were trying to rob a busi-
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THE NEW YORK TIMES NEW YORK TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 2016 0N A23
apartment with his mother, who is
a United States Postal Service let-
Accidentally killing ter carrier.
a fruit vendor while Mr. Rojas, a Dominican immi-
grant, was working two jobs and
targeting a rival gang. was on his way home when he was
shot. He was married and had a
son and a daughter.
His widow regularly attended
single shot.
both of Mr. Anderson’s trials and
The jurors did not accept that
testified against him.
defense on Monday, convicting
“Angel Rojas was an innocent
him of second-degree attempted
murder, first-degree attempted and hardworking man who came
assault, first-degree reckless en- to our country to pursue the
dangerment and first-degree American dream,” Ken Thomp-
criminal use of a firearm. The rival son, the Brooklyn district attor-
gang members had fled the bus af- ney, said in a statement. “All of
PAUL MARTINKA/SPLASH NEWS
ter the shooting, and Mr. Ander- that was tragically and brutally
son had pursued them and taken away from him in an instant
Kahton Anderson was taken to his arraignment in 2014. An ear-
continued firing until he emptied by a teenager caught up in the
lier jury couldn’t reach a decision last year on a murder charge. the gun. gang culture and the random and
At the time of the shooting, Mr. senseless gun violence that it
had shot at him earlier in the day. encountered three members on Anderson was an eighth grader at spawns. Hopefully, this conviction
He said he had taken the bus to the bus, where they approached Middle School 57, where he was a will bring his shattered family
avoid stepping on turf belonging him. He pulled a silver .357 revolv- popular student and a forward on some solace.”
to the Twan House gang, but he er from his backpack and fired a the basketball team. He lived in an
crease security at 27 shelters, fol-
lowing the murder of Deven
Black, a 62-year-old former pub-
lic-school teacher, who the police
say was killed by another shelter
resident. The resident, Anthony
White, 21, has a history of mental
health issues, and he remained at
large.
Steven Banks, the commis-
sioner of the Human Resources
Administration, said that the
scorecard provided a baseline of
violations at the facilities, and that
the public would be able to see if
the city addresses those violations
or if they increased over time.
The violation totals for the clus-
ter sites confirmed extensive
problems in that part of the shel-
ter system. The use of cluster sites
began in 2000 as the city ran out of
room in traditional shelters, but it SAM HODGSON FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
has ballooned from 50 units to Residents housed in a cluster-site shelter program at 60 Clarkson Avenue in Brooklyn have com-
thousands of units, many in poor plained of mice infestations. New York City announced a plan to end use of the program by 2019.
condition and leased at rents that
exceed market rates. year-old program is being phased ability to call that hotline for help,” year.
Inspectors found a combined out,” said Mr. Banks, who is head- Mr. Banks said. Christy Parque, executive di-
445 open violations among 84 ing an overhaul of the city’s ap- Shelter providers have long rector of Homeless Services
units at two Brooklyn buildings proach to homelessness. complained that the city does not United, which represents shelter
operated by the same landlord The release of the scorecard pay them enough to care for their providers, said in a statement that
who has been cited in the past for was coupled with the launch of a buildings. Mr. Banks said the city members were “grateful for the
the poor upkeep. The landlord did hotline for shelter residents to was addressing that with an in- city’s financial commitment an-
not return a call on Monday for contact about problems in their crease in the maintenance and re- nounced today to address the
comment. buildings. “We are distributing in- pair budget to $54 million, from decades-old disinvestment in
“It’s Exhibit A for why this 16- formation to residents about their $37 million, in the coming fiscal homeless shelters.”
ness on a commercial strip when
they confronted Mr. Noerdlinger,
Mr. Grewal said. During an alter-
cation that followed, Mr. Noerd-
linger stabbed the 16-year-old.
The Edgewater police were
summoned to a local hospital
around 10:30 p.m. on Sunday after
S. L. arrived in the emergency
room in critical condition. He died
on Monday from what the medical
to the femoral artery in his left leg,
according to Mr. Grewal.
After conducting an investiga-
tion, police officers arrested a
woman and three men from New
York State. Officials identified the
four other suspects as Mirleny
Tremols, 33, of Nyack, N.Y.; and
Calim Gaspard, 23; Richard Jean-
Pierre, 18; and Kevensky Lubin,
18, all three from Spring Valley,
N.Y. They were each charged with
armed robbery and conspiracy to
commit armed robbery. All four
were being held at the Bergen
County jail on $750,000 bail.
Ms. Noerdlinger did not answer
a phone message seeking com-
ment.
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P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m
A24 0 N
In Knoedler Art Fraud Trial, 2 Experts Deny Authenticating a Forged Rothko
By COLIN MOYNIHAN
At its most basic, the Knoedler
& Company fraud trial revolves
around whether a once celebrated
art gallery knowingly sold a
forged Mark Rothko painting.
But testimony in recent days
has focused on a larger question at
the heart of the art market: Were
experts in modern art able to de-
termine whether works sold by
the gallery were genuine?
Domenico and Eleanore De
Sole, who bought the fake Rothko
for $8.3 million in 2004, have sued
the gallery and its former director
and president, Ann Freedman.
The defendants say that they had
no idea the works were forgeries
and that experts they consulted
were also fooled.
But two of those experts, includ-
ing Rothko’s son, Christopher, tes-
tified on Monday in Federal Dis-
trict Court in Manhattan that Ms.
Freedman had misrepresented
their opinions over the years. And
both said she had lacked permis-
sion to include their names on a
roster of experts who had viewed
the forged painting, a list Ms.
Freedman included with a letter of
Angry About Fare Cuts, Uber Drivers in New York Warn of Reprisals Third Man
By MARC SANTORA
and JOHN SURICO
Uber drivers are commonly re-
ferred to as workers in the “on-de-
mand” economy.
But on Monday, weeks after
Uber announced that it was slash-
ing prices for rides in cities across
the country, hundreds of drivers
gathered at the New York City
headquarters of the ride-hailing
service with a demand of their
own: restore prices or face a back-
lash.
Tsering Sherpa, a Queens resi-
dent who said he drove for Uber
six days a week, eight hours a day,
predicted the fare cuts would
force him to work 10 to 14 hours a
day to make his rent and car pay-
ments.
“New York City just keeps get-
ting more and more expensive,”
Mr. Sherpa said at the rally. “How
are we supposed to survive with
less money?”
“They call us partners,” he add-
ed. “But they’re treating us like
slaves.”
It was a sentiment shared by
others in the crowd but one that
Uber officials called unfair on
Monday.
The company has released data
that it said proved the rate cuts —
15 percent for an average ride —
ultimately benefited drivers.
“Every city has busy months
and slow time,” the company said
in a statement on Monday. “In
New York, things tend to be
quieter after the holidays. So we
lowered prices to get more people
using Uber, which is good for driv-
ers because it means less time
waiting around for trips.”
Uber said that when it cut
prices previously, the amount of
time drivers spent waiting for
fares fell, meaning drivers did
more business and ultimately
earned more money.
But outside the Uber headquar-
ters in Long Island City, Queens,
Bhairavi Desai, the executive di-
rector of the New York Taxi Work-
ers Alliance, a taxi drivers’ union,
said the unilateral move to cut
prices did not take into account
the opinions of the drivers on
whom the company relied.
“They didn’t ask them for in-
put,” Ms. Desai said. “It gives the
message that those fares are bind-
A Snowy Escape Into a Restored Gilded Age Retreat in the Adirondacks
From Page A22
camp’s restoration work, which
cost over $2 million and was paid
with public and private money.
“I grew up around here at the
end of the road,” David O’Donnell
of Newcomb said. “When I was a
kid, my sister and I would come
back here and play all the time.
Roofs had caved in, porches were
falling off, the boathouse was a
pile of rotten logs. So to see it in the
state it is now is really wonderful.”
Of the 20 largest Great Camps,
Camp Santanoni is the favorite of
Howard Kirschenbaum, the
founder of Adirondack Architec-
tural Heritage. “Its architectural
style is arguably the most intrigu-
ing and impressive, combining
both Adirondack Great Camp and
traditional Japanese temple archi-
tecture,” he said. “Visitors are
awed by the scale, design and set-
ting.”
Camp Santanoni was designed
by R. H. Robertson, a renowned
architect, whose work included
the ornate Park Row Building in
Manhattan, built in 1899.
Robert Pruyn lived in Tokyo
from 1862 to 1863, when his father
was the United States ambassa-
dor to Japan. So there is consider-
able Japanese influence in the
camp’s design, such as buildings
connected by a single roof and
walkway, and 5,000 square feet of
porch space.
But visitors will not find
sparkling chandeliers, tall mir-
rors and expensive silver gracing
highly polished dining room ta-
Christopher Rothko, son of the painter Mark Rothko, leaving
Federal District Court in Manhattan after testifying on Monday.
authentication provided to the De
Soles.
Christopher Rothko told jurors
that he never authenticates works
by his father, adding, “It’s an area
that I think requires special ex-
pertise that I don’t think I have.”
Another expert, David Anfam,
the author of a catalogue raisonné
Antonio Pacheco raised a sign supporting other drivers for Uber at a protest on Monday outside its New York City headquarters.
Expressing fear of lost
income as a service
courts more riders.
ing, and nonnegotiable. They gag
you, and then they starve you.”
The fare cut is not exclusive to
New York City. In early January,
when Uber announced the news,
the company said that the move
would apply to 100 cities in the
United States and Canada.
The mood of the rally was far
different from the one at City Hall
in July, when Uber drivers gath-
ered to oppose an effort by the ad-
ministration of Mayor Bill de Bla-
sio to limit the number of Uber ve-
Visitors gather in January in the camp’s Artists Studio. Michael Frenette, sitting in the chair, is a
carpenter who helped restore the state-owned compound in a project that cost over $2 million.
bles, typical of Gilded Age city
mansions. In place of wallpaper,
interior walls — almost entirely in
their original state — are covered
with birch bark paneling and
grass matting. Rooms are unfur-
nished, inviting people to wander
about at their own pace.
“Part of the appeal is this gives
you an opportunity to imagine,”
THE NEW YORK TIMES NEW YORK TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 2016
BRYAN R. SMITH FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
of Rothko’s works on canvas that
was published by Yale University
Press, flatly denied he had ever
been in the same room as the
forged painting that the De Soles
bought.
“I’ve never seen the painting it-
self,” he said, adding that, if asked,
he would not have allowed his
hicles operating in New York.
In that case, Uber rolled out a
campaign to marshal political and
public opposition to the plan, and
the city backed down.
Mohsin Alvi, 28, said he has
driven for Uber for three years.
He said the fare cuts had come at a
particularly inconvenient time:
Last month, the city was hit by a
huge snowstorm, which meant
fewer rides for drivers. “Nobody
in America wants to work more
and earn less,” Mr. Alvi said. “It
just doesn’t make any sense.”
Mr. Alvi said he would turn off
his phone for the rest of the day,
refusing to drive for Uber.
Other drivers, he added, had
pledged to turn their phones off
for three days. “That’s how we
hurt Uber,” he said.
said Jennifer Betsworth, a mem-
ber of Adirondack Architectural
Heritage’s board. “You lose that
when a place is filled with furni-
ture and dressed to the nines.”
The Pruyns’ guests at Camp
Santanoni included Theodore
Roosevelt, then the governor of
New York, and James Fenimore
Cooper III, grandson of the fa-
name to be placed on the list be-
cause “it would constitute a proxy
authentication.”
On cross-examination, howev-
er, Mr. Anfam agreed that he had
seen other fake paintings Knoed-
ler was selling and had accepted
them as genuine. In one case, he
said he had written a message
that appeared to acknowledge a
role in encouraging the purchase
of one of them.
Testimony from an array of ex-
perts will likely play a significant
role in determining the outcome of
the case, in which Mr. De Sole, the
chairman of the board of Sothe-
by’s, and his wife are seeking $25
million in damages. The ability of
experts to define whether a work
is genuine has only grown in im-
portance as works of art are in-
creasingly treated like currency.
Knoedler sold more than 30
paintings that were said to be by
artists such as Robert Mother-
well, Jackson Pollock and Barnett
Newman. In reality, they were all
created in a garage in Queens by
an artist named Pei-Shen Qian,
then provided to the gallery by
Glafira Rosales, an art dealer from
PHOTOGRAPHS BY KEVIN HAGEN FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Hundreds of drivers gathered to demand that Uber restore
prices, but the company said the rate cuts would benefit them.
NANCIE BATTAGLIA FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
mous early American author. To
Roosevelt, of course, “roughing it”
was a way of life.
His entry in the camp’s guest
register said, “Remember the Por-
cupine!” — an adaptation of the
Spanish-American War slogan
“Remember the Maine!” — refer-
ring to how he shimmied up a tall
tree to capture a porcupine.
Long Island. Ms. Rosales pleaded
guilty in 2013 to conspiracy and
fraud charges but has not yet been
sentenced. Mr. Qian was also
charged but fled to China.
Before the widespread nature
of the forgeries became clear,
some experts authenticated
forged paintings while receiving
undisclosed consulting fees from
Knoedler. At the same time, con-
cerns about being sued caused
other scholars to keep their
doubts about certain works pri-
vate, making it difficult for indi-
vidual experts to realize that oth-
ers shared their reservations.
During his testimony, Mr.
Rothko took issue with a state-
ment that Ms. Freedman attribut-
ed to him in a 2007 letter about a
fake Rothko. She wrote that he
and his sister were “immediately
convinced” that the work was “of
the highest quality.” Mr. Rothko
said the statement had no basis in
fact.
Later, Mr. Anfam testified that
Ms. Freedman had inaccurately
indicated that he had endorsed
fake Rothko works on paper that
were sold in 1998 and had falsely
Today, visits combine adven-
ture, relaxation and camaraderie.
The latter is hard to come by in
winter when snow and cold isolate
people in this already desolate
part of the state.
Steam rises from a stove in the
cozy warming hut. Laughter and
smiles abound.
“It’s cold out there, it’s warm in
here,” Mr. Frenette, the carpenter,
History, solitude,
peace and natural
beauty await 5 miles
from the main road.
said. “I’ve tried to set this up like I
imagine a hut would be in the
mountains of Europe. It is pretty
magical. There’s people from all
walks of life. I’d like to know how
many have gotten acquainted and
become lifelong friends here. All
these good things come together.”
To some guests, winter ski
weekends have become an annual
pilgrimage. Mike Brun, an engi-
neer at General Electric, came to
the United States from Sarajevo,
Bosnia and Herzegovina. This
year, he enlisted a fellow worker,
Einar Larsen, whose family is
from Norway, to join him. “There’s
always snow here,” Mr. Brun said.
“When there’s no snow anywhere
else, there’s snow in Newcomb.”
stated in a 2007 letter that he was
among a group of people who had
accepted the legitimacy of a fake
Pollock.
During cross-examination,
Luke Nikas, a lawyer for Ms.
Freedman, introduced into evi-
dence a series of emails ex-
changed by his client and Mr. An-
fam in 2008 that appeared to de-
pict them more as partners than
adversaries. Ms. Freedman wrote
an email about the possibility of a
museum in Buffalo acquiring a
Barnett Newman work. Mr. An-
fam, apparently intending to as-
sist in that effort, wrote back that
he planned on sending the mu-
seum “a not-long yet highly per-
suasive email.”
That same year, Mr. Anfam also
asked Ms. Freedman to borrow a
work he had seen that the gallery
had attributed to Pollock for a
show he was curating.
That work, too, ended up being
fake.
“Would you ever exhibit a work
that you knew to be a forgery?”
Mr. Nikas asked at one point.
“Not knowingly,” Mr. Anfam re-
plied.
Since May
Kills Himself
In Police Cell
By AL BAKER
and NATE SCHWEBER
The death of a man in a Brook-
lyn police station house on Sun-
day was the third time since May
that someone had hanged himself
in a New York Police Department
holding cell, the authorities said.
They identified the man as
Serge Duthely, 28. An autopsy on
Monday verified that the cause of
Mr. Duthely’s death was hanging,
said Julie Bolcer, a spokeswoman
for the city’s medical examiner’s
office. Ms. Bolcer said the office
had ruled his death a suicide.
On May 27, a 53-year-old rob-
bery suspect hanged himself with
a shirt in a holding cell at the 121st
Precinct station house on Staten
Island, the police said.
Then, on Nov. 11, the police said a
49-year-old robbery suspect
hanged himself in a holding cell at
the 49th Precinct station house in
the Bronx, in a case that led to a
sergeant’s being placed on modi-
fied assignment.
No police officers or supervi-
sors had been disciplined in the
latest episode as of Monday after-
noon, the police said.
The police said Mr. Duthely was
arrested on Sunday on a drunken-
driving charge after they got a 911
call about a car accident in front of
9011 Avenue J, in the Canarsie
neighborhood of Brooklyn.
Officers who arrived, shortly
before 1 p.m., encountered Mr.
Duthely, who the police said had
been involved in a crash with an-
other driver. They determined he
was drunk and arrested him.
Mr. Duthely was taken first to
the department’s Intoxicated
Driver Testing Unit, at the 78th
Precinct station house, in Park
Slope, the police said. Then he was
taken to the 69th Precinct station
house, they said.
Once there he was placed inside
a holding cell. Officers later dis-
covered he had hanged himself
using his T-shirt, the police said.
He was found “unconscious and
unresponsive inside the cell area”
at 5:30 p.m., the police said.
According to the Fire Depart-
ment, a 911 call was received about
Mr. Duthely nine minutes after
the police reported finding him.
The authorities said he was taken
to Brookdale University Hospital
and Medical Center in cardiac ar-
rest, where he died.
Those who knew Mr. Duthely,
who lived on a working-class
block in Canarsie, said it was diffi-
cult to reconcile reports about his
suicide with the man they knew.
“He was a regular, cool person,”
said a mechanic at a small auto
shop where Mr. Duthely took his
Nissan sedan for service. “I don’t
see why he would kill himself.”
A clerk at a nearby deli broke
into tears when asked about Mr.
Duthely, a regular customer.
“He was a real nice person,”
said the clerk, who declined to
provide her name or say anything
more, saying that she felt it was
improper to do so without the per-
mission of Mr. Duthely’s family.
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Wayne Chang, 26, said he was a
friend of the clerk’s. He said her
cousin was engaged to marry Mr.
Duthely.
“I find it quite strange,” Mr.
Chang said of the episode. “People
out here aren’t suicidal. I’d be furi-
ous to find out it’s not true. We’re
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m
going to do an investigation.”
Residents who were ap-
proached on the block where Mr.
Duthely lived would not comment.
“Give us privacy! We need pri-
vacy!” a woman yelled out on
Monday while walking toward Mr.
Duthely’s home.
A woman and a man who an-
swered the door declined to speak,
except to say that Mr. Duthely had
relatives in Florida.
 THE NEW YORK TIMES NEW YORK TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 2016 0N A25

KARSTEN MORAN FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

Marvin Polonsky, a former public school teacher and an ama-

teur Brooklyn historian, speaking to the class last week.
THE APPRAISAL

Brooklyn Sports Arena

Offers 9th-Grade Class
Lessons in History
By MATT A. V. CHABAN “Packer Collegiate Institution,”
It was hard to tell what the 19 thinking that it had made them KARSTEN MORAN FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

ninth graders, seated in section
213 at Barclays Center in Brook-
lyn for a game between the New
York Islanders and the Detroit
Red Wings, were enjoying more:
the action on the ice, or the long
inflatable noisemakers in their
hands. With each hit or shot
came a cacophonous, joyous
thumpathumpathumping.
For many of the students from
the Packer Collegiate Institute, a
170-year-old private school in
Brooklyn Heights, the hockey
game on a recent Monday night
was their first time inside the
arena. Yet it was a place many of
them knew, if not from daily life
(only eight of the students call
Brooklyn home) then at least
sound insane. They marveled at
the price of a bottle of water —
$5.25 — and the ambivalence of
Islanders fans to their new home.
Teresa Genaro, an English
teacher at the school, thanked
the students for not bringing
their noisemakers to class.
It was her idea three years ago
— when the school replaced
midterms with two weeks of
intensive, single-subject sympo-
siums — to have students study
Barclays Center, as well as
Ebbets Field, and the ways
sports shaped Brooklyn, and by
extension the world. With the
assignment of producing a multi-
media blog chronicling their
discoveries, the students were
Above, Teresa Genaro on Jan.
was announced in 2003, they
were only 1 or 2 years old — so
21 giving her ninth-grade stu-
that was where their exploration dents a two-week symposium
on Barclays Center, old Ebbets
began, with a pair of documenta-
ries. First, there was “Battle for Field, left, and the history of
Brooklyn,” about the fight, both sports arenas in Brooklyn.
on the streets and in the courts,
to stop Atlantic Yards (since said its complicated history
renamed Pacific Park).
offered a lesson in perseverance.
A vigorous debate ensued “If there’s one message I want
among the students about kids to understand, it’s dreaming
whether it was proper to use
big and reaching as high up as
eminent domain, a concept none
you can,” Mr. Yormark said in an
of them had heard of, to build a
interview, “and the Barclays
private enterprise. On one point
Center embodies that.”
they did agree: that the film’s
protagonist, Daniel Goldstein, The class seemed to offer
the last holdout, could be a little students not just a new view on
harsh. Whether students were Brooklyn sports history but also
ROBERT WALKER/THE NEW YORK TIMES

fans of teams that played at a new way to look at their city.

from the ads and media attention
that accompanied the 2012 open-
ing of the borough’s first profes-
sional sports facility since the
Dodgers left Ebbets Field in 1957.
That history, and a homework
assignment, brought the stu-
dents to Barclays Center in their
down coats and burgundy Packer
hooded sweatshirts. During the
intermissions, they filed out of
their seats, into the concourse of
Budweiser- and Smirnoff-
branded bars and concession
stands selling expensive sand-
wiches, tacos and cakes from
some of Brooklyn’s most beloved
restaurants, to interview fans
and workers about the arena.
The next morning, over bagels
in their classroom, the students
were a mix of excitement and
exhaustion.
“I thought it was really inter-
playing the part of a junior Frank
Deford and Jane Jacobs, scour-
ing the neighborhoods, bleachers
and news reports of the venues
to create stories of their own
about an ever-changing, ever-
cheering borough.
That a group of ninth graders
could spend more than a week
scrutinizing Barclays Center
with the same attention they
would give to “The Scarlet Let-
ter” or a science fair frog was
another reminder of just how
fixed the arena has become in
the modern identity of Brooklyn
— and how even at a young age,
New Yorkers can feel conflicted
about this or any development
project.
Archie Caride, a student from
Manhattan, said, “It’s like it
happened all over again, with the
Dodgers move, and then the
Nets move and the Islanders
Barclays Center or lived nearby
and had to contend with traffic or
noise during events also seemed
to affect their opinions of it.
“It’s not that simple,” said
Henry Green, a student who
lives in Brooklyn and roots for
the Nets. “I think if I was kicked
out of my home, and I went to
the Barclays Center, I’d think a
lot about the positives, too.”
After watching a second docu-
mentary, “Brooklyn Dodgers:
The Ghosts of Flatbush,” and
meeting Marvin Polonsky, an
amateur historian who had at-
tended Dodgers games in Brook-
lyn, the students’ dialogue was
less impassioned, though they
began to draw parallels between
past and present.
The Dodgers owner Charles
Ebbets, for example, was himself
The students agreed the hard-
est part of their work was the
man-on-the-street interviews
they had to conduct one day
outside and one night inside the
arena, as well as a trip to the
Crown Heights housing project
that replaced Ebbets Field. On
the streets of Park Slope, they
found busy parents and indiffer-
ent shopkeepers, and also plenty
of opinions.
“If they worked there, they
seemed to like it, and if they
don’t, they generally don’t,”
Esme Ostrowitz-Levine said
while standing at the corner of
Flatbush and Fifth Avenues in
between interviews.
Like many New Yorkers (in-
cluding Michael Kimmelman,
The Times’s architecture critic),
the students struggled to decide
the value of the new addition to
the borough, and whether it
could match the storied stadium
that came before.
“I never understood what they
did about the brownstones, and
that made me mad,” Ava Horn,
whose family lives in the neigh-
borhood, said. “But then you see
what they’ve done for all the
businesses, and that was good.”
Brett Yormark, the chief exec-
utive officer of Barclays Center,
Eleanor Happy has grown up in
Battery Park City in Manhattan
and pointed to recent changes
there, like rising rents and a
renovated Brookfield Place mall
full of tourist-attracting luxury
stores.
“It’s a fun neighborhood,” she
said, “and they’re trying to drive
the old families out.”
For Will Landau, a certain
New York Zen had set in while
observing the changes wrought
by Ebbets Field and Barclays
Center. “I don’t know if it’s any
worse or any different,” he said.
“It’s just what happens in New
York City.”

COME HOME TO GLENWOOD

esting that’s how the Barclays
Center wanted to be perceived —
that all Brooklynites go to the
Barclays Center, and if you’re
visiting Brooklyn, you have to
go,” Kai Carse said.
Abbey Flamm raised her hand.
“The fans are so into it, but
they’re there for the team, and
not the Barclays Center,” she
said. “They would follow their
team anywhere.”
They grimaced over a photo of
the giant scoreboard, which had
flashed a welcome for the
move, and each one changes its
community.”
Hadassah Akinleye, a student
from East New York, Brooklyn,
said, “Definitely for me, the
Barclays Center makes me won-
der if we have the right to enjoy
ourselves because so many peo-
ple sacrificed their lives and
their homes.”
Most of the students were
unaware of the back stories for
the old stadium and the arena —
when the Atlantic Yards project
a shrewd developer who secretly
bought up the land in a part of
Brooklyn that was known as
Pigtown to build a state-of-the-
art stadium in 1913. And many MANHATTAN’S FINEST LUXURY RENTALS
students sympathized with Mr.
Ebbets’s successor, Walter O’Ma-
lley, often cast as a villain for
moving the team to Los Angeles.
After all, he was stymied by
Robert Moses, who blocked
efforts to construct a baseball
stadium on almost the exact site
where Barclays Center would
rise.

Bank Tellers Pose a Growing Security Risk

From Page A22
the case is continuing.
In other cases, the tellers are
just the conduit. Thieves are brib-
ing them to hand over personal
data that thieves use to drain
money from accounts and make
debit cards, checks and credit
cards in customers’ names.
Tellers, who are paid modest
salaries, can be particularly vul-
nerable to bribes, security experts
say. According to the Bureau of
Labor Statistics, the median an-
nual income for tellers in 2014 was
$25,760, a salary that prosecutors
say does not match the high-risk
nature of their jobs.
One thief, for instance, offered
tellers an array of perks, including
jaunts on private planes,
limousine rides, manicures and
one-on-one meetings with famous
athletes, in exchange for
customer information, according
to a 2011 indictment from
prosecutors in Charlotte, N.C.
Four years later, the same man
ran into trouble again when fed-
eral prosecutors indicted him over
accusations that he used confi-
dential information from Wells
Fargo customers to withdraw
roughly $100,000 from accounts.
bank, security experts say.
To keep their illicit activities un-
detected, the tellers, prosecutors
say, often keep unauthorized
withdrawals below $10,000, the
threshold that sets off another lay-
er of review under banking laws.
Especially in accounts with large
balances, the thefts can go unno-
ticed for years.
State laws intended to prevent
identity theft have not kept pace
with the sophistication and scale
of the crimes, a lag that can ham-
string prosecutors.
Under New York law, for exam-
ple, prosecutors cannot bring
charges against criminals for the
total amount of money stolen from
multiple banks, which would re-
sult in more serious charges and
sentences. Instead, they are re-
quired to treat each bank as an in-
dividual victim.
More than money is at stake.
Personal identification informa-
tion — Social Security numbers
and addresses — can be trafficked
on the black market, where
thieves sell vast collections of
data to the highest bidders.
“All of your personal informa-
tion is suddenly in the wild,” Ms.
Fischer said.
Controls at banks have sorely
guarding against these attacks by
sharing information about prob-
lematic tellers and instituting
more monitoring of accounts.” Mr.
Johnson said some banks were re-
stricting the amount of informa-
tion tellers could get into.
This summer, New York’s attor-
ney general sent a letter to some
of the biggest banks, including JP-
Morgan Chase, Bank of America
and Wells Fargo, urging them to
reduce tellers’ access to crucial
customer information. New tell-
ers usually had “unlimited access
to financial institution customers’
account data,” the attorney gen-
eral, Eric T. Schneiderman, wrote.
Despite the warnings, progress
has been slow. “There is a reluc-
tance to provide real oversight,
rigor or even security training be-
cause it costs time and money,”
Mr. Streff said.
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trols, employees may find ways SPACIOUS LAYOUTS • BUILDING-WIDE WATER FILTRATION SYSTEMS
around them. In a January 2015
ON-SITE PARKING GARAGE • NEAR THE BEST NYC SCHOOLS
conversation recorded by the Fed-
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CO PY R I G H T A N D P R OT E C T E D BY A P P L I C A B L E L AW

Despite their importance, tell-
ers and many low-level bank
employees are not subjected to
rigorous background checks.
Under laws passed in the after-
math of the Sept. 11 attacks, banks
are required to thoroughly vet
lagged, security consultants say.
Kevin Streff, managing partner
at Secure Banking Solutions, a se-
curity consulting firm, said the
sluggish controls came, in part,
from banks’ outdated view that
tellers handled only low-risk
transactions. “The banks are still
the withdrawals, his name might 2 BRs from $4,487 1 BRs from $3,020 1 BRs from $3,750
surface as they looked at who had 3 BRs from $6,137 2 BRs from $4,762 2 BRs from $6,500
reviewed the accounts, he said, so
Conv 4 BRs from $5,595 3 BRs from $7,330 3 BRs from $7,512
he would “see if I can get some-
body else that could look up”
names, too. Two weeks later, he
said that he had to be careful NO FEE • OPEN 7 DAYS, 10AM-6PM
about whose accounts he re- UPTOWN LEASING OFFICE 212-535-0500
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m

their customers and closely moni-
tor accounts to detect any suspi-
cious activity. The same level of
scrutiny does not always apply to
the tellers, according
prosecutors. Sometimes, little
more than a basic criminal-back-
ground check is performed,
Many banks simply close a
fraud investigation once a teller
resigns, allowing the former em-
ployee to move on to another
too trusting of the individuals they
employ,” Mr. Streff said, adding
that banks tend to err on the side
of giving tellers too much access.
to Doug Johnson, senior vice pres-
ident for payments and cyber-
security policy at the American
Bankers Association, said that
banks, recognizing the thefts can
cause “substantial reputational
risk and strain relationships with
customers, are committed to
viewed: “I got to have a reason to
be in that account,” he said, adding DOWNTOWN LEASING OFFICE 212-430-5900
an expletive. FREE PARKING WHILE VIEWING APARTMENTS
Mr. Persaud was suspended
from Chase in February 2015, he NET EFFECTIVE RENT. NEW TENANTS ONLY.
told the informer, adding, “I can’t
get nothing while I’m suspended.”
However, in March, Mr. Persaud
called the informer again. He said GLENWOOD
he had been reinstated and would Equal Housing Opportunity BUILDER OWNER MANAGER GLENWOODNYC.COM
sell the information in four Chase
accounts for roughly $16,000.
A26 0 N
ARTHUR OCHS SULZBERGER JR., Publisher, Chairman
Founded in 1851 ADOLPH S. OCHS ARTHUR HAYS SULZBERGER
Publisher 1896-1935 Publisher 1935-1961
Moving Beyond Iowa
After a long year of too much polling, posturing and
propaganda, American voters are now at last making
choices. The run-up to the Iowa caucuses, which took
place on Monday night, shows it’s time to move beyond
the emotional venting that has been broadly common to
both parties, but could not have been more different in the
particulars.
The Republican candidates, for the most part, showed
no real sign of wanting that to happen. Gov. John Kasich of
Ohio kept up his extremely long-shot attempt to inject a
tone of decency and hopefulness into the Republican con-
test, but trailed well behind in all the pre-caucus polls and
spent his time in New Hampshire.
Senator Ted Cruz of Texas, who scored a significant
victory in Iowa over Donald Trump by staking out the
most extreme right, ran his usual meanspirited attacks on
just about everybody.
Senator Marco Rubio of Florida, who fared well on
Monday night, tried to put a younger and more charming
face on the basic Republican message of anger, xenopho-
bia, fear and hate, but at a rally on Saturday night he fairly
quickly veered into demonizing President Obama, misrep-
resenting vital issues like Obamacare, and using critical
national security issues mostly to stoke Americans’ inse-
curities.
At least Mr. Rubio has distinct ideas. Mr. Trump, who
sucked up most of the oxygen in the campaign, seems to
have none. On Monday, at a rally in Cedar Rapids, Mr.
Trump ran through his repertoire of self-congratulation,
and when the crowd started to dwindle and quiet down, he
resorted to his rabble-rousing sound bites — we’ll build a
wall on the Mexican border, “repeal Obamacare and re-
place it with something really good,” eliminate the na-
tional debt and stop terrorists from “using our Internet.”
At one point in the last few days, Mr. Trump promised
to buy a farm and move to Iowa, and said he had not spent
more on his campaign operations in Iowa because he felt
sorry for his competition — secure, apparently, in his be-
lief that he can say anything and none of his supporters
will care.
The only thing that made Mr. Trump’s performance
on Monday seem less absurd was that he followed Sarah
Palin. Mr. Trump would be “Reaganesque,” she said, in a
way that “would tell any enemy, uh-uh, we’re America so
we win you lose.” She said the Republican Congress, which
was implacably opposed to virtually anything proposed by
Mr. Obama, had given him a “blank check.” And, of course,
right-wing Republicans are the only “real Americans.”
The Democratic contest, at least, was a competition of
ideas. Bernie Sanders and Hillary Clinton ended caucus
The Pentagon’s New Parental Leave
Secretary of Defense Ashton Carter announced last
week that women in the military would get 12 paid weeks
of maternity leave in all the services, twice the amount
most were previously entitled to. (The Navy last year
changed its policy to give women 18 weeks of paid leave.)
In addition to the change announced by Mr. Carter, which
does not require legislative approval, the Pentagon in-
tends to ask Congress to increase paid paternity leave to
14 days from 10 days.
Mr. Carter’s thinking on this issue was informed by
talking with private businesses about their parental leave
policies in an effort to make the Pentagon, which employs
roughly 1.3 million troops on active duty, more family-
friendly.
The changes to Pentagon policy make it more gener-
ous than the policy that applies to civilian federal workers
— including those employed at the Defense Department —
who are allowed to take up to six weeks of paid sick leave
after the birth of a child but are not entitled to paid paren-
tal leave. That, unfortunately, is the norm for American
workers. According to the Department of Labor, only 12
percent of workers in the private sector get paid parental
leave.
“While you recruit a service member, you retain a
family,” Mr. Carter told reporters at the Pentagon last
week. “So what we do to strengthen quality of life for mili-
tary families today, and what we do to demonstrate that
we’re a family-friendly force to those we want to recruit, is
absolutely essential to our future strength.”
Historically, the American military has struggled to
President Obama Speaks Out on Solitary
President Obama sent a powerful message last week
when he barred federal prisons from holding juveniles in
solitary confinement and ordered the Bureau of Prisons to
undertake sweeping changes in how solitary is used
throughout the federal system.
By taking a new course at the federal level, Mr.
Obama hopes to accelerate changes that are already un-
derway in many state and local corrections systems.
Solitary confinement, which is often used arbitrarily
and to punish minor rule infractions, is a form of torture. It
is psychologically damaging even to healthy people and
increases the likelihood of suicide among the young and
the mentally ill.
Announcing the new policy in an op-ed essay in The
Washington Post, Mr. Obama wrote: “The United States is
a nation of second chances, but the experience of solitary
confinement too often undercuts that second chance.
Those who do make it out often have trouble holding down
jobs, reuniting with family and becoming productive mem-
bers of society. Imagine having served your time and then
being unable to hand change over to a customer or look
your wife in the eye or hug your children.”
He cited the shameful case of Kalief Browder, who
was arrested in New York City at the age of 16 in 2010 and
THE NEW YORK TIMES EDITORIALS/LETTERS TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 2016
ORVIL E. DRYFOOS ARTHUR OCHS SULZBERGER
Publisher 1961-1963 Publisher 1963-1992
night in a virtual dead heat. Though they criticized the Re-
publicans, and each other, they did so with more civility
than the Republicans and in service of talking about what
they wanted to do, not what President Obama failed to do.
Still, their contest has been largely framed as a choice be-
tween head and heart.
Mr. Sanders is all about heart. On Sunday, he talked
about “revolution,” as he always does. He kept asking his
audience if they wanted to hear “another radical idea” and
spoke not about just upending the Washington power
structure, but about tearing it down. His highly enthusias-
tic crowd cheered his promises to “break up the banks,”
regardless of whether that is remotely possible.
Mrs. Clinton, while exuding a great deal of fire and en-
ergy at a big rally on Sunday night near Des Moines,
frames her candidacy much more cerebrally and pragmat-
ically. She made rousing calls to protect women’s rights, on
wage equality and on health care, but her primary pitch
was that she has detailed ideas and the ability to make
them happen. “I don’t think we can wait for ideas that
sound good on paper but can’t get through the gridlock” in
Washington, she said, in her most pointed but still oblique
attack on Mr. Sanders.
With a few of the weakest candidates starting to drop
out, weary voters can only hope that the campaign will
further clarify itself and become more substantive in com-
ing weeks as it moves to New Hampshire and beyond.
SELMAN DESIGN
recruit top talent during periods of low unemployment.
Defense officials said that was an impetus for expanding
parental leave. But Mr. Carter also wanted to move the
Pentagon closer to private-sector companies with more
generous parental leave policies to encourage service
members to stay in the military longer. The Pentagon de-
termined that female troops leave the military after a dec-
ade at a rate that is 30 percent higher than that of men.
Beyond expanded leave, Mr. Carter announced that
the Pentagon would increase child care services and es-
tablish some 3,600 rooms where new mothers could
breast-feed at military installations worldwide. The De-
fense Department will also aim to be more flexible with
employees who have compelling, family-related reasons,
like medical treatment of a relative, to extend a particular
assignment.
Mr. Carter said that the department’s research of pa-
rental leave showed that more flexible policies made good
business sense. Several technology companies with which
the Pentagon competes for talent, including Facebook,
have recently adopted more generous leave policies.
The Pentagon’s move could have the positive effect of
galvanizing efforts in Congress to allow civilian federal
employees to take paid parental leave. The Obama admin-
istration asked Congress last year to give federal workers
up to six weeks of paid parental leave and has sought to
persuade states and private employers to take steps to
give workers paid sick and paternal leave. Those steps
would benefit American workers, their families and their
employers.
jailed for three years without trial for allegedly stealing a
backpack. Mr. Browder spent two of those years in solitary
confinement, endured “unspeakable violence at the hands
of inmates and guards” and tried to kill himself several
times. He was released in 2013, but never fully recovered,
and he hanged himself last year.
Despite horror stories like this, as many as 100,000
people — including juveniles and people with mental ill-
nesses — are held in solitary confinement and other forms
of restrictive housing in American prisons, according to a
new report by the Justice Department. Inmates often
spend months or even years in small, cramped cells with
virtually no human contact.
According to the report, the Bureau of Prisons in re-
cent years has cut the number of inmates in solitary con-
finement and other restrictive housing. Federal officials
believe that the new policies recommended in the report
will lead to additionall reductions in restrictive housing
populations. One recomendation is to divert inmates with
serious mental illness to mental health units; another is to
ban the use of “punitive segregation” for low-level infrac-
tions.
The new federal policy sets an excellent example for
states and local governments that have yet to undertake
reform.
The Times’s Endorsement of Clinton
TO THE EDITOR:
Re “Hillary Clinton for the Democratic
Nomination” (editorial, Jan. 31):
The most important reason to support
Hillary Clinton this election cycle is that
the stakes are so high. A vote for a Re-
publican candidate this year is more
than an indication of support for a set of
policy prescriptions. Rather, it is an as-
sertion that many Americans, from Pres-
ident Obama to many of our neighbors
and colleagues, are not welcome in their
own country.
Leading Republicans have actively di-
vided Americans based on their back-
ground or religion; others — with the no-
table exceptions of Jeb Bush and Gov.
John Kasich — have shown cowardice in
the face of this unacceptable rhetoric.
Given these stakes, Democrats must
bring forward the candidate most likely
to win. For good or bad, this candidate is
Mrs. Clinton. Despite her many scandals
— sometimes fabricated by her oppo-
nents, sometimes self-inflicted — she
represents views acceptable to the broad
middle of voters looking for a refuge
from those who would divide Americans
against themselves.
MICHAEL FARZAN
Juno Beach, Fla.
TO THE EDITOR:
The Times, in its sweeping editorial
endorsement of Hillary Clinton and its
brushoff of Bernie Sanders’s candidacy,
does not reflect its own newspaper re-
porting about her actual record.
Domestically, Mrs. Clinton supported
the deregulation of Wall Street. As sena-
tor, she failed to face up to the financial
industry’s worsening abuses that took
down the economy in 2008. She waited
until April 2014 to support the modest,
staggered $10.10 per hour minimum
wage bill of her Democratic colleagues in
Congress.
Mrs. Clinton voted for the disastrous
war in Iraq. Later, she pressed, against
the opposition of Defense Secretary
Robert M. Gates, for an unauthorized
war on Libya that has led to chaotic vio-
lence there and in neighboring countries.
Being such a war hawk and Wall Street
supporter hardly qualifies for the “confi-
dence and enthusiasm” The Times has
bestowed upon her. RALPH NADER
Washington
TO THE EDITOR:
The presidency requires both experi-
ence and judgment. On the issue of judg-
ment, Hillary Clinton is woefully lacking,
as shown by her vote in support of the
Iraq war, her willingness to accept
speaker fees from Wall Street firms and
her decision to handle emails — some of
which, as you report, contained “top se-
cret” information — on her private serv-
er. JUDITH ABRAMS
Newton, Mass.
TO THE EDITOR:
Your endorsement does not address
the issues that Gail Sheehy (“The Wom-
en Who Should Love Hillary,” Sunday
Review, Jan. 31) says are producing am-
bivalence among those who should be
Hillary Clinton’s core supporters: “not
Invitation to a Dialogue: Reclaim Reason in Politics
TO THE EDITOR:
Nicholas Kristof has offered a cheer-
ful, hopeful call to bridge our political di-
visions in light of a joint venture between
the American Enterprise Institute and
the Brookings Institution to reduce pov-
erty (“A New Heart for the G.O.P.?,”
column, Jan. 28).
The plan’s authors are splendid peo-
ple, and their ideas are good. But where
are the voters who would support them?
We know, not only from the Trump
Give the Dead a Break
TO THE EDITOR:
Just before reading “How to Speak of
the Dead,” by Thomas Vinciguerra (Op-
Ed, Jan. 30), I was reviewing the second
eulogy I have written recently.
While the public-private distinction is
considered by Mr. Vinciguerra, the pri-
vate world is where the grieving and the
comments reside for most of us.
And in that world we should airbrush
out the foibles and inadequacies that ex-
ist in those who have left us to consider
their former being. It is one thing to kick
a man when he is down and wholly an-
other to do so when he is forever out.
There will be time in later days and
years to paint a fuller image, to bring
back in the warts and the scars on the
face of our departed friend or relative.
But there is that moment where they de-
serve their peace, not a piece of your
mind.
So my words are the best I can offer for
each of those of whom I speak. And for
you who find Glenn Frey of the Eagles
unworthy of your praise, take a few days
off and consider the possibility that si-
lence is sometimes golden.
ROBERT S. NUSSBAUM
Fort Lee, N.J.
NEWS
DEAN BAQUET, Executive Editor
TOM BODKIN, Creative Director
SUSAN CHIRA, Deputy Executive Editor
JANET ELDER, Deputy Executive Editor
MATTHEW PURDY, Deputy Executive Editor
KINSEY WILSON, Editor for Innovation and Strategy
Executive V.P., Product and Technology
REBECCA CORBETT, Assistant Editor
STEVE DUENES, Assistant Editor
IAN FISHER, Assistant Editor
JOSEPH KAHN, Assistant Editor
CLIFFORD LEVY, Assistant Editor
ALEXANDRA MAC CALLUM, Assistant Editor
MICHELE MC NALLY, Assistant Editor
authentic; can’t trust her; she lies.”
These women are wrestling with the
same question we all try to answer when
we vote. At the end of the day, what’s
more important in a candidate — charac-
ter as demonstrated over time, or policy
positions, which can (and do) blow with
the wind? BILL BRADFORD
Maplewood, N.J.
TO THE EDITOR:
I was on that cruise sponsored by The
Nation that Gail Sheehy writes about.
And while people were passionate about
politics (as Nation readers tend to be),
there was absolutely no vitriol on dis-
play. Ms. Sheehy is, of course, entitled to
her feeling that she was “being shunned
as a traitor to the progressive cause.”
But I can assure your readers that no
one on the Nation cruise — or at the mag-
azine — thinks of Hillary Clinton as “evil
incarnate.” And while it’s probably true
that a large majority of those on the
cruise favored Bernie Sanders, all of
those I encountered did so because they
agreed with his political views — for
much the same reasons, in fact, that The
Nation endorsed the senator several
weeks later.
His campaign to tell Americans the
truth about a rigged system that works
for the very few and not the many has al-
ready transformed the 2016 election and
demonstrated that a different kind of
politics is possible.
KATRINA VANDEN HEUVEL
New York
The writer is editor and publisher of The
Nation.
TO THE EDITOR:
Gail Sheehy’s essay about Hillary Clin-
ton breaks my heart. There is a deep-
seated misogyny in the hearts and minds
of too many men (and, sad to say, some
women as well). Hillary Clinton has been
a target most of her adult life, and yet she
has continued to stick her neck out, time
and again, to say what she believes is
right.
The current vitriol aimed at her from
most of the Republican candidates is as-
tounding. But, in addition to giving voice
to their fear of women, they are also do-
ing something very clever.
By attacking Mrs. Clinton so viciously,
they are, along with conservative media
and financiers, trying to ensure that
Bernie Sanders is the Democratic
nominee, believing that he will be easier
to defeat in the 2016 election. Mrs. Clin-
ton’s candidacy is a too rare opportunity
to elect someone, of any gender, who
stands tall on so many of the important
national and international issues of to-
day, including, but certainly not limited
to, issues of gender equality.
LOIS BLOOM
Williamsburg, Va.
TO THE EDITOR:
I tire of reading about who loves Hilla-
ry Clinton — and about how likable she
may be. We are not electing a prom
queen! We are voting for the person who
is best qualified to be president of the
United States. FLORA HIGGINS
Colts Neck, N.J.
campaign, but also from the successes of
Newt Gingrich, Sarah Palin and others,
that pandering to the anxieties of lower-
income, less-educated or older white
voters is where we find the most energy
today in American politics. The debate
and the division are driven by the skillful
manipulators of economic and cultural
anxieties, both real and perceived.
Those most susceptible voters are, by
now, immune to evidence and rational ar-
gument. Our media and political envi-
ronment is built to reassure them hourly
about how right they are, to more deeply
fix them in a one-sided worldview.
We are past mere political division. We
have embarked on a more visceral era in
which emotion supersedes political dis-
cussion. A reasonable argument is no
longer enough. Somehow, we must ad-
dress those anxieties to reclaim the place
of reason in our political life. We must
abandon the idea that there are only two
sides to our politics, a left and a right.
Politics becomes something better when
we look above the divide and see prob-
lems not from two sides but from all
sides. STEVEN P. MILLIES
Aiken, S.C.
The writer is an associate professor of po-
litical science at the University of South
Carolina Aiken.
Editors’ Note: We invite readers to re-
spond briefly by Thursday morning for
the Sunday Dialogue. We plan to publish
responses and a rejoinder in the Sunday
Review. Email: letters@nytimes.com
ONLINE: MORE LETTERS
A law professor writes about “the
double standard when it comes to the
criminal justice system in the United
States.” nytimes.com/opinion
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EDITORIAL
ANDREW ROSENTHAL, Editorial Page Editor
JAMES DAO, Deputy Editorial Page Editor
TERRY TANG, Deputy Editorial Page Editor
BUSINESS
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m
MARK THOMPSON, Chief Executive Officer
MICHAEL GOLDEN, Vice Chairman
JAMES M. FOLLO, Chief Financial Officer
KENNETH A. RICHIERI, General Counsel
ROLAND A. CAPUTO, Executive V.P., Print Products
MEREDITH KOPIT LEVIEN, Chief Revenue Officer
WILLIAM T. BARDEEN, Senior Vice President
TERRY L. HAYES, Senior Vice President
R. ANTHONY BENTEN, Controller
LAURENA L. EMHOFF, Treasurer
DIANE BRAYTON, Secretary

DAVID BROOKS
Donald
Trump Isn’t
Real
Donald Trump was inducted into the
World Wrestling Entertainment Hall of
Fame in 2013. He’d been involved with
professional wrestling for over a quarter
century. At first his interest was on the
business side, because so many of the
events were held at his hotels. But then
he began appearing in the ring as an ac-
tual character.
His greatest moment came in 2007
with the pay-per-view series called “Bat-
tle of the Billionaires,” when he verbally
went up against the WWE’s chief execu-
tive, Vince McMahon. The feud started
when Trump interrupted McMahon on
Fan Appreciation Night and upstaged
him by raining thousands of dollars in
cash down on the crowd in the arena. It
continued with a verbal barrage and
proxy match, and ended with a tri-
umphant Trump shaving McMahon’s
head in the middle of the ring.
From the moment he entered this
presidential race, his campaign has been
one long exercise in taking the “low”
manners of professional wrestling and
interjecting them into the “respectable”
arena of presidential politics.
This is an anxious and angry nation.
Many people have lost faith in its leader-
ship. Somewhere in his marketer’s brain
Donald Trump intuited that manners are
more important than laws and that if you
want to assault the established powers
you have to assault their manners first.
By shifting the cultural language
Trump initiated a new type of culture
war, really a manners war. He seemed
fresh, authentic and resonant to a lot of
people who felt alienated from the way
elites govern, talk and behave.
Professional wrestling generates in-
tense interest and drama through relent-
less confrontation. Everybody knows it’s
fake at some level, but it is perceived as
fake and real at the same time (sort of
Sudden vulnerability for
the showbiz candidate.
like politics). What matters is not so
much who wins or loses, or whether you
are good or evil, but the aggressiveness
by which you wage each mano-a-mano
confrontation.
Trump brought this style onstage at
the first Republican debate, and a thou-
sand taboos were smashed all at once.
He insulted people’s looks. He ster-
eotyped vast groups of people — Mexi-
cans and Muslims. He called members of
the establishment morons, idiots and
losers.
Trump was unabashedly masculine,
the lingua franca of pro wrestling. Every
time he was challenged, he was com-
pelled by his code to double down the
confrontation and fire back.
Social inequality is always felt more
acutely than economic inequality. Trump
rose up on behalf of people who felt
looked down upon, made them feel vindi-
cated and turned social conduct on its
head.
But in Iowa on Monday night we saw
the limit of Trump’s appeal. Like any
other piece of showbiz theatrics, Trump
was more spectacle than substance.
Many supporters may have been inter-
ested in symbolically sticking their thumb
in somebody’s eye, but they are reality TV
watchers, not actually interested in poli-
tics or governance. They didn’t show up.
We can expect similar Trump under-
performance in state after state.
Furthermore, we saw a big manage-
ment failure in Trump’s organization.
Bernie Sanders is a good enough execu-
tive that he was able to lead a campaign
that brought outsiders to the polls. Trump
is not as effective a leader as Sanders.
Trump’s whole campaign was based
on success breeding success, the citing of
self-referential poll victories to justify his
own candidacy. How does he justify a
campaign built entirely around his own
mastery? Can an aggressor like him re-
spond gracefully in the days ahead to
self-created failure? His concession
speech was an act of pathetic self-delu-
sion.
What happened in Iowa was that some
version of normalcy returned to the
G.O.P. race. The precedents of history
have not been rendered irrelevant.
Ted Cruz picked up the voters who pro-
pelled Rick Santorum and Mike Huck-
abee to victory in previous caucuses. His
is a Tea Party wing in the G.O.P. But its
size and geographic reach is limited.
The amazing surge for Marco Rubio
shows that the Republican electorate has
not gone collectively insane. At the last
moment, and in a state that is not na-
turally friendly to him, a lot of Republi-
cans showed up to support a conserva-
tive who could conceivably get elected
and govern.
Marco Rubio now has his moment. He
is the only candidate who can plausibly
unify the party. Desperate Cruz-hating
Republicans will turn their faces to him.
But can he rise to this moment? Can he
see that the Trump phenomenon touched
something, even if the blowhard candi-
date offered people nothing but bread
and circuses? Can Rubio take his grow-
ing establishment base and reach out to
the working-class voters with a message
that offers concrete assistance for those
who are being left behind?
The Republican Party usually
nominates unifying candidates like
Marco Rubio. The laws of gravity have
not been suspended. He has a great shot.
But he has to show one more burst of
imagination.
THE NEW YORK TIMES OP-ED TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 2016
The New Culture Clash
By R.R. Reno
L
ONG after the dust settles in Iowa —
and New Hampshire, and even
the 2016 campaign itself — one
question will remain: Why, af-
ter decades of supporting the
liberal and conservative establishments,
did the white middle-class abandon them?
Wherever Donald J. Trump and Bernie
Sanders end up, their candidacies repre-
sent a major shift in American politics.
Since World War II our political culture
has been organized around the needs,
fears and aspirations of white middle-
class voters in ways that also satisfied the
interests of the rich and powerful. That’s
no longer true.
As we know, the rich are now quite a bit
richer. In itself, this need not disrupt the
old political consensus. More decisive is
the fact that the white middle class is in
decline. And while we’ve heard a lot about
the economic decline of the middle class,
its cultural decline isn’t discussed nearly
as often. It should be.
First, there are the consequences of the
great success of the upper middle class.
We compliment ourselves that a merit-
ocratic system is open to far more people
than was true 50 years ago. And it has
been — but the resulting culture of ambi-
tion paradoxically erodes middle-class
confidence. Today, the vast middle of the
middle fears that unless you’re on the way
up, you’re on the way down.
And it’s not just competitiveness that is
eroding the white middle class. When I
was coming of age in the 1970s, drug use
was already undermining the white mid-
dle class. Since then marriage rates
among high school-educated whites have
declined and illegitimacy has increased. A
priest I know serves three small-town
parishes in rural, white Pennsylvania. I
asked about his pastoral challenges. The
biggest: Grandparents parenting their
grandchildren, as their own children are
too messed up to raise them.
Cultural instability compounds eco-
nomic instability. A person near the medi-
How both parties lost
hold on the white
middle class.
an in our society is on shaky ground. He
feels that what was once reliable is now
eroding. This is as much a source of to-
day’s middle-class anxiety as stagnant
household incomes.
What’s striking — and crucial for under-
standing our populist moment — is the
fact that the leadership of both parties are-
n’t just unresponsive to this anxiety. They
add to it.
The intelligentsia on the left rarely lets
a moment pass without reminding us of
the demographic eclipse of white middle-
class voters. Sometimes, those voters are
described as racists, or derided as dull
suburbanites who lack the élan of the new
urban “creative class.” The message:
White middle-class Americans aren’t just
irrelevant to the future, they’re in the way.
Conservatives are no less harsh. Pun-
dits ominously predict that the “innova-
tors” are about to be overwhelmed by a lo-
cust blight of “takers.” The message: If it
weren’t for successful people like us, mid-
dle-class people like you would be
doomed. And if you’re not an entrepre-
neurial “producer,” you’re in the way.
Is it any surprise that white middle-
class voters are in rebellion?
Democratic and Republican Party es-
tablishments appeal to the interests of
these voters, promising to protect them
(Democrats) or spur growth that will re-
new economic opportunity (Republi-
cans). But these appeals miss the point.
Our political history since the end of
World War II has turned on the willing-
ness of white middle-class voters to rally
behind great causes in league with the
wealthy and political elite: Resist Commu-
nism! Send a man to the moon! Overcome
racism! Protect the environment! Today,
white middle-class voters want to be
0 R.R. Reno is the editor of First Things.
WESLEY BEDROSIAN
reassured that they can play an active role
in politics. They want someone to appeal
to their sense of political self-worth, not
just their interests.
This is precisely what Mr. Trump and
Mr. Sanders offer. Mr. Trump speaks about
restoring American greatness, rhetorical
gestures akin to Barack Obama’s vague
2008 slogan, “Yes, we can.” We can mock
both as empty. But voters who feel disem-
powered and marginalized latch on to this
promise. They want to be partners with
the rich and powerful in defining our fu-
ture as a country, not recipients of their be-
nevolent ministrations, which explains
why they’re untroubled by Mr. Trump’s
great wealth.
Mr. Sanders also appeals to the strong
desire that the white middle class has to
recover its central role in the national
project. While he attracts support from a
wealthier stratum of the middle class than
Mr. Trump, the appeal is the same. He
asks them to join him in fundamentally re-
making our political economy. We can dis-
miss his socialism as an unworkable
throwback, but he’s doing something our
political establishment can’t or won’t: ask-
ing middle-class voters to undertake a na-
tion-defining transformation.
If these candidates have traction, it’s
because over the last two decades our po-
litical elites, themselves almost entirely
white, have decided, for different reasons,
that the white middle class has no role to
play in the multicultural, globalized future
they envision, a future that they believe
they will run. This primary season will
show us whether or not they’re right. 0
Congratulations to the winners of the 2016 Vilcek Prizes
The Vilcek Prizes are awarded annually to immigrant
biomedical scientists and artists who have made
outstanding contributions to society in the United States
Top row, left to right: Vilcek Prize in Biomedical Science: Dan R. Littman; Vilcek Prizes for
Creative Promise in Biomedical Science: Fernando Camargo, Roberta Capp, Houra Merrikh
Bottom row, left to right: Vilcek Prize in Theatre: Blanka Zizka; Vilcek Prizes for Creative
Promise in Theatre: Sarah Benson, Desdemona Chiang, Yi Zhao
ROGER COHEN
Italy and the Naked Truth
Italy’s decision to cover up the nudes
at the Capitoline Museum in deference to
the sensibilities of the visiting Glasgow-
educated Iranian president has been
widely interpreted as final proof of the
capitulation of Western civilization to
theocratic Islam.
It was, Hisham Melhem, a columnist
for Al Arabiya English, suggested, a
“brazen act of self-emasculation and
obeisance.”
If Italy, inheritor of the glories of the
Roman Empire, boxes up some of its
finest works of art just in case the eye of
President Hassan Rouhani should fall on
the plum-like breast of a marble goddess,
then nobody should be surprised if Is-
lamic fanatics (Sunni, not Shiite, but
still) choose to destroy the glorious
Greco-Roman legacy at Palmyra.
Or so the reasoning goes.
As a consequence of Boxgate, Italy has
suffered ridicule. Nothing is worse than
ridicule. Here it is merited. Not so much,
I would argue, for Italy’s clumsy attempt
at courtesy, for courtesy is important and
has become an undervalued virtue.
Reading the fall of the West into the con-
cealment of a nude is going too far. Mis-
takes happen.
No, the ridicule is merited because the
decision to hide the works of art was, it
seems, made by nobody. In Rome, the
buck stops nowhere.
The Capitoline Venus just boxed her-
self up one night because she was bored
and took a few deities along with her.
The prime minister, Matteo Renzi, did
not know. The foreign minister did not
know. The culture minister called the de-
cision “incomprehensible.” They were,
they insist (perhaps too much), as sur-
prised as anyone to find all those white
cubes — none, incidentally, provided by
the prestigious White Cube gallery in
London.
One account has it that a woman
named Ilva Sapora who works at Palazzo
Chigi, where Renzi’s office is located,
made the decision after visiting the Cap-
itoline with Iranian Embassy officials.
“Nonsense,” Jas Gawronski, a former
Italian member of the European Parlia-
ment, told me. The notion that a midlevel
Chigi official in charge of ceremonial
matters could have made the decision
does seem far-fetched. Gawronski be-
lieves it is more likely to have been offi-
cials at the Farnesina, home to the For-
eign Ministry.
One thing can be safely said: Nobody
will ever know. I was a correspondent in
Rome for some years in the 1980s. Peri-
odically there would be developments in
terrorist cases — the Piazza Fontana
bombing of 1969 or the Brescia bombing
of 1974. Trials, verdicts, appeals followed
one another. Facts grew murkier, not
clearer. It would take decades to arrive at
convictions that did not resolve doubts.
Italy has never had much time for the no-
tion that justice delayed is justice denied.
Renzi has wanted to break with this It-
aly of murky secrets, modernize it, bring
stable government and install account-
ability. He’s made significant changes in
electoral and labor law. But he has a
problem. At the same time as the Box-
gate scandal was unfolding he was
2016
VILCEK
PRIZE S
0N A27
telling my colleague Jim Yardley in an in-
terview, “I’m the leader of a great coun-
try.”
A great country doesn’t have statues
that box themselves up all by them-
selves.
Truth in Italy is elastic. A much-con-
quered country learned the wisdom of
ambiguous expression, as for that mat-
ter did much-conquered Persia. The Ital-
ians say, “Se non è vero, è ben trovato” —
roughly, if it’s not true it ought to be.
At bottom, this story is one of an Irani-
an-Italian hall of mirrors with a pot of
gold sitting in the middle of the hall
valued at about $18 billion in new trade
deals.
The Iranians insist nobody asked for
those masterpieces of Classical human-
ism to be hidden: another case of no-
body’s decision.
Iran, too, distrusts clarity. It is a nation
whose conventions include the charming
ceremonial insincerity known as
“taarof” and “tagieh,” which amounts to
No surprise that no one
admits to deciding to
hide a museum’s nudes.
the sacrifice of truth to higher religious
imperative.
Speaking of truth denial, Ayatollah Ali
Khamenei, Iran’s supreme leader, has
again questioned the existence of the
Holocaust. He chose to do so in a video
uploaded to his website on Holocaust Re-
membrance Day. There is to be another
“Holocaust Cartoon and Caricature Con-
test” in June.
Needless to say this Holocaust denial
is odious, the regime at its worst. It is
also a sign of desperation among the
hard-liners determined to block Rouha-
ni’s opening to the world. They reckon
Holocaust denial will derail any détente.
The buzzword of the hard-liners is “nu-
fuz,” or infiltration by the West. Iranians
are being warned to guard against it in
this month’s parliamentary elections.
You can hide a few statues in the Cap-
itoline Museum, but you can’t hide the
deep rifts between an Iranian society
overwhelmingly in favor of opening to
the West and a theocratic regime deter-
mined to ensure the nuclear deal does
not lead to wider cooperation with the
United States and Europe.
Far from finding itself in a state of ca-
pitulation, the West exerts a very power-
ful cultural magnetism, evident in the ra-
bid desperation of its opponents. 0
ONLINE: TODAY
A post-caucus Conversation with
Gail Collins and Arthur C. Brooks,
plus Emma Roller on Iowa’s also-rans at
nytimes.com/campaignstops
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P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m
VI LC E K.ORG
 A28N
THE NEW YORK TIMES, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 2016

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 Music Lobby Getting Bigger Itineraries SportsTuesday Pages 10-14
A Grammy PAC Trays Down, Wallets Out Was That a Catch?
Stars with ties to the Grammys, As onboard spending rises, air- The confusion over how to define
like Nile Rodgers, are headlining lines are offering more promo- a catch in football is intensifying
a political fund-raising drive. 2 tions, goods and services. 7 as the Super Bowl nears. 10

N B1

TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 2016

In Earnings Debut, Google’s Parent Sets Itself Up to Pass Apple in Value

By CONOR DOUGHERTY
Wall Street got its first glimpse of the
financial details of a new conglomerate
called Alphabet on Monday. Investors
liked what they saw so much that the
outfit formerly known as Google is
poised to become the world’s most valu-
able company.
Despite spending $3.6 billion a year
on projects like self-driving cars that
don’t make much money, Alphabet’s
advertising business propelled the com-
pany to a strong last three months of
2015, outpacing expectations and send-
ing the stock up in after-hours trading.
Now, when Wall Street opens for
business on Tuesday, Alphabet will
most likely be worth more than Apple,
which has been the most valuable com-
pany in the world for nearly four years.
Apple is still generating enviable profits
but is dealing with concerns that its
franchise iPhone business is slowing
down.
If investors are sending any sort of
signal to big tech companies, which
have taken their lumps from sharehold-
ers this year, it is simply this: You are
free to spend on side projects so long as
your main business is not showing
signs of weakness.
“The main thing is the core busi-
ness,” said Josh Spencer, who manages
T. Rowe Price’s Global Technology
Fund.
The results were the first foray of Al-
phabet, which unveiled its reorganiza-
tion plan last summer, into segment re-
A 24% revenue gain sends
shares up after hours.
porting. That means that for the first
time the company is letting investors
see its search and advertising business-
es — now a subsidiary called Google
Inc. — next to the costs of the various
projects like self-driving cars, which
generate a lot of talk but not much
money.
Alphabet’s total revenue, barring
currency fluctuations, increased 24 per-
cent to $21.3 billion, when compared
with the same period in 2014.
Analysts will spend the next few days
using those results to rejigger the mod-
els they use to rate Alphabet’s stock. In
a conference call to discuss the results,
Continued on Page 8

Some Heresy
On Wall St.:
Look Past
The Quarter
Most money managers clamor for
companies to provide detailed guid-
ance on their next quarter, down to
the penny — but not the world’s larg-
est investor.
Laurence D. Fink,
ANDREW co-founder and chief
ROSS SORKIN executive of Black-
Rock, which with
DEALBOOK more than $4.6 trillion
in assets under man-
agement makes it the world’s largest
investor, sent a letter to 500 chief ex-
ecutives late Monday urging them
for the first time to stop providing
quarterly earnings estimates.
“Today’s culture of quarterly earn-
ings hysteria is totally contrary to
the long-term approach we need,”
Mr. Fink wrote.
The proposal, a provocative rec-
ommendation from the influential
Wall Street executive, is aimed at
trying to curb companies’ short-
term focus on quarterly results.
“To be clear, we do believe compa-
nies should still report quarterly re-
sults — long-termism should not be a
substitute for transparency,” he said.
“But C.E.O.s should be more focused
in these reports on demonstrating
progress against their strategic ELIZABETH D. HERMAN FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
plans than a one-penny deviation

A New Digital Privacy Protest

from their E.P.S. targets or analyst
consensus estimates.” (E.P.S. stands
for earnings per share.)
Mr. Fink has made a series of pro-
posals over the last several years to
encourage longer-term thinking by
companies, including a plan to
change the tax code and the treat-
ment of capital gains. But his latest
proposition goes further than his
previous efforts.
While Mr. Fink wants to eliminate
quarterly guidance, he is also mak-
ing perhaps an even more controver-
sial request, asking chief executives
and company boards to provide a “a
strategic framework for long-term
value creation” that could extend to
multiple years. In other words, a
company should give shareholders a
detailed long-term plan for its busi-
ness.
“Annual shareholder letters and
other communications to sharehold-
ers are too often backwards-looking
and don’t do enough to articulate
management’s vision and plans for
the future,” Mr. Fink wrote. Without
management providing a road map
Continued on Page 4
At Berkeley, professors object to a quietly installed program to
defend the University of California system from data breaches.
By STEVE LOHR
After hackers breached the com-
puter network of the U.C.L.A. med-
ical center last summer, Janet Na-
politano, president of the Universi-
ty of California, and her office
moved to shore up security across
the university system’s 10 campus-
es.
Under a program initiated by
Ms. Napolitano, the former secre-
tary of Homeland Security in the
Obama administration, the univer-
sity system began installing hard-
ware and software in its data cen-
ters that would monitor patterns of
digital traffic, like what websites
are being visited by faculty and
formation of students and faculty
in secret,” said Eric Brewer, a pro-
fessor of computer science at U.C.
Berkeley. “I’m sure there’s good in-
tent. But I can’t see a good reason
for doing it.”
The resistance from Mr. Brewer
and other professors at Berkeley,
which is now becoming a public de-
bate with the university system’s
administrators, raises the issue of
how to define academic freedom in
the age of online attacks. While
some of the professors criticize the
monitoring program as one that in-
vades their privacy, the University
of California has responded that
“privacy perishes in the absence of RICHARD HARTOG FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

students, or telltale signs of cyber security.”

intruders. The program, which was
begun with little notice or consulta-
tion, soon rankled a group of pro-
fessors at one campus, Berkeley,
which has a deep-seated ethos of
academic freedom as the cradle of
the free speech movement in the
1960s.
In recent days, the professors
have begun speaking out publicly
about the issue. “My primary con-
cern is monitoring the private in-
It’s part of the larger challenge
that fast-moving technology poses
for social values. Every day, corpo-
rations, government agencies and
universities must balance the need
for computer security with the ex-
pected right to privacy of the peo-
ple who use their networks. In dif-
ferent settings, there are different
rules, expectations and levels of
threat.
“We’re really just starting to sort
out the risks and rules for digital Janet Napolitano,
security and data collection and president of the
use,” said Elana Zeide, a privacy University of Cali-
expert at New York University’s
fornia system.
Information Law Institute.
U.C. Berkeley,
The Berkeley dispute stands out top, a bastion of
because of the place and personali- academic freedom
ties involved. U.C. Berkeley is not
and computer sci-
only a leading producer of comput-
ence talent.
er science talent, but also a cham-
Continued on Page 6
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Diesel Scandal Also Raises Concerns for Volkswagen’s Bank

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By JACK EWING
Volkswagen is more than just a
scandal-plagued automaker. It is also
one of Europe’s largest banks, and its
lending money to buyers, financing
leases and extending credit to dealers.
It even offers checking accounts.
Financial services are a major
endanger those profits if the scandal
continues to undercut new-car sales
or undermine the value of used vehi-
cles. A particular concern is leased ve-
debt issued by Volkswagen, a compa-
ny once considered so solid that even
during the financial crisis its bonds
found buyers. In December, for exam-
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m

A Bright Idea
Begins to Dim
Manufacturers are moving away
from compact fluorescent lights,
once the first words in inexpen-
sive energy efficiency. Page 3.
loan portfolio appears vulnerable to
the emissions-cheating crisis that has
engulfed the company.
Volkswagen Financial Services, the
company’s in-house bank, has been an
important element in Volkswagen’s
rise to become the No. 2 carmaker in
the world after Toyota. The unit has
helped speed Volkswagen’s growth by
source of profit for Volkswagen. In the
first nine months of 2015, banking ac-
tivities generated operating profit of
1.6 billion euros, or about $1.7 billion.
That compares with €2.2 billion that
the company earned from Volks-
wagen brand passenger cars.
But the finance unit’s focus on a sin-
gle asset — Volkswagen cars — could
hicles. Typically, Volkswagen and its
dealers are obligated to buy back
leased cars when the leases — valued
at about €20 billion — expire. If their
value drops more than planned, Volks-
wagen must absorb the difference.
The risks have drawn scrutiny from
regulators and prompted all three ma-
jor credit ratings firms to downgrade
ple, Standard & Poor’s cut its ratings
for Volkswagen Financial Services
and the parent company by one notch
to BBB+, S&P’s fourth-highest grade.
That is worse than Toyota, BMW and
Daimler, but still better than United
States competitors like Ford.
Investors’ view of Volkswagen as a
Continued on Page 6
B2 N THE NEW YORK TIMES BUSINESS TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 2016
Organization Behind Grammys to Create Lobbying Group
By BEN SISARIO
For years, the music industry’s
lobbying efforts have been ham-
pered by factionalism, as differ-
ent sides of the business compet-
ed to influence lawmakers. Now,
with copyright and royalties is-
sues taking center stage in the
music world, the organization be-
hind the Grammy Awards wants
to unite the industry’s voice in
Washington.
The organization, the National
Academy of Recording Arts and
Sciences, is creating a political
action committee, the Grammy
Fund for Music Creators, that
will raise money from its thou-
sands of members — among
them performers, songwriters
and producers — and funnel it to
congressional candidates
deemed sympathetic to their
causes.
The Grammys’ fund will face
no shortage of competition for
dollars in Washington, as music
organizations like the Recording
Industry Association of America
and the performing-rights groups
Ascap and BMI each have associ-
ated political action committees,
or PACs, and have been lobbying
on behalf of their members for
decades. Among its likely oppo-
nents are technology companies
like Pandora and the powerful
National Association of Broad-
casters, which for decades has
opposed the music world’s efforts
to expand radio royalties.
The Grammy Fund, which the
recording academy plans to es-
tablish through a filing on Tues-
day with the Federal Election
Commission, will have a first-
year fund-raising goal of $100,000,
according to Daryl P. Freidman,
the academy’s top official in
Washington. That amount is
roughly comparable to those of
the PACs for music organizations
like the Recording Industry Asso-
Jail Terms and Fines for Supplier to McDonald’s and Yum Brands in China
SHANGHAI (Reuters) — A
Chinese court has sentenced 10
employees of the American food
supplier OSI Group to prison and
fined the company up to 2.4 mil-
lion renminbi, or $364,875, over
claims that it reused returned
food products to avoid losses.
The verdict is the end of a
long-running investigation into
OSI after a safety scandal in 2014
involving the fast-food giants it
supplied — McDonald’s and Yum
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FRAZER HARRISON/GETTY IMAGES
Left to right, Nile Rodgers, Babyface, Anita Baker and Sheila E. will be star ambassadors who solicit contributions to a fund the
National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences is creating to advocate for fair compensation for creators of music.
ciation, but far less than that of
the broadcasters’ group, which
last year raised almost $1.2 mil-
lion, according to the Federal
Election Commission.
“We won’t be the largest PAC
in Washington,” Mr. Friedman
said in an interview, “but we will
be the loudest.”
The primary focus of the
Grammy Fund will be advocating
for fair compensation for cre-
ators of music, Mr. Friedman said
— a broad mandate that includes
improved royalties from stream-
ing music as well as payments for
performers on broadcast radio.
In the United States, radio sta-
tions pay songwriters but not the
performers of songs, an arrange-
ment that has long rankled the
music industry.
The fund will solicit contribu-
tions from its members, with
campaigning by star “ambassa-
dors” including Babyface, Nile
Rodgers, Anita Baker, Sheila E.
and the producers Rodney Jer-
kins and Jimmy Jam, many of
whom have deep associations
Brands, owner of KFC, Pizza Hut
and Taco Bell in China.
The Shanghai Jiading People’s
Court said in a statement on
Monday that Yang Liqun, a gen-
eral manager at OSI China,
would be sentenced to three
years in prison and deported. It
was not clear whether Mr. Yang,
who the court said was an Aus-
tralian citizen, would serve jail
time in China. OSI has criticized
the handling of its case by the lo-
Attachment:
Retirement
Income Plan
PARAS GRIFFIN/BET, VIA GETTY IMAGES
with the academy; Mr. Rodgers,
for example, is on the organiza-
tion’s board of trustees.
The establishment of the
Grammy Fund is the latest step
in the recording academy’s in-
creasing efforts at lobbying and
rallying its members. In 2014, the
Seeking improved
royalties from
streaming music and
broadcast radio.
group started a campaign called
Grammys in My District, in
which about 100 of its members
visited congressmen in their dis-
trict offices. By its second year,
that effort grew to include 1,650
members.
In the past, the various music-
industry lobbying groups have
cal food regulator, a rare act in
China, where foreign firms typi-
cally steer clear of any public
criticism of the authorities. The
company said in a statement
that the verdict was “inconsis-
tent with the facts and evi-
dence.”
The court statement said Mr.
Yang and other workers at OSI’s
China units reused products
from returned or canceled or-
ders. Nine other people in the
Reminder:
Today
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KEVIN WINTER/GETTY IMAGES
competed against one another, a
situation that sometimes under-
mined efforts to influence policy,
said Hilary Rosen, a former chief
executive of the recording indus-
try association who is now a
Democratic operative and no
longer involved with music.
“There were warring factions
everywhere,” Ms. Rosen said.
“There were constant fights
within the business community
between the music publishers
and the record companies.”
Those disagreements remain,
but music executives said there
was a growing push for unifica-
tion to oppose the lobbying by
broadcasters and technology
companies. Among the more
pressing issues before the indus-
try are an effort to change the
decades-old regulatory agree-
ments that govern Ascap and
BMI. The Justice Department
has been reviewing those agree-
ments for nearly two years.
“The interests of the music
community are dwarfed a thou-
sand times over by big technol-
case will be given shorter jail
terms and will have to pay fines.
Jail sentences for four of the nine
will be suspended, the court said.
The court said the punish-
ments were relatively lenient be-
cause the defendants cooperat-
ed.
China is trying to clean up its
reputation for food safety scan-
dals, which range from recycled
“gutter oil” and “zombie meat”
— smuggled frozen meat years
The Electric Zoo music festival last September in New York. SFX’s festivals will continue.
Festival Organizer Declares Bankruptcy
By BEN SISARIO
SFX Entertainment, the com-
pany created four years ago to
capitalize on the popularity of
dance music festivals, declared
bankruptcy on Monday, after a
troubled year in which the com-
pany’s founder abandoned a
takeover bid and its stock
plunged by more than 95 percent.
The bankruptcy reorganization
will take the company private,
eliminate more than $300 million
in debt from its balance sheet and
install a new chief executive to
replace Robert F.X. Sillerman,
who founded SFX in 2012 with a
dream of creating a media em-
pire around dance music.
As part of the deal, a group of
the company’s bondholders will
convert their debt into equity and
provide $115 million in financing.
According to an announcement,
the company’s many festivals
around the world, including Elec-
tric Zoo, Tomorrowland, Myste-
ryland and Stereosonic, will go
on as planned, and other busi-
nesses, like its digital music store
Beatport, will remain operation-
al.
“This expression of confidence
from our lenders is testimonial to
the vibrancy and potential of our
business,” Mr. Sillerman said in a
statement. “Of course this was
not where we thought we’d be,
but with this restructuring we
have the opportunity to achieve
all that SFX can and will be.”
Mr. Sillerman, who owns about
40 percent of the company’s
shares according to his most re-
cent filings, said that he would re-
URMAN LIONEL/ASSOCIATED PRESS
ogy giants,” said Jonathan Lamy,
a spokesman for the recording in-
dustry association. “We welcome
any opportunity for our commu-
nity to speak with a stronger
voice.”
Harvey Mason Jr., a producer
and songwriter who has worked
with artists that include Whitney
Houston and Jennifer Hudson,
said that he had frequently invit-
ed lawmakers and others to his
studio in Los Angeles to show the
many rank-and-file jobs — invisi-
ble behind the stars — that are at
risk in the industry.
“We are regular people trying
to make a living, playing in bars,
in other parts of the country be-
sides New York and L.A.,” said
Mr. Mason, who is the co-chair-
man of the academy’s national
advocacy committee.
“We represent everybody, not
just superstar artists,” Mr. Mason
added. “So we are careful in how
we disseminate our message, and
when we go to D.C. or have
events, it is with a variety of peo-
ple from the bottom to the top.”
beyond its expiration date — to
crops tainted with heavy metals.
The scandal dragged down sales
at McDonald’s and its rival Yum
in China after a Chinese TV re-
port in July 2014 showed workers
at a Shanghai unit of OSI suppos-
edly using out-of-date meat and
doctoring production dates.
A senior executive for OSI in
China said last July that the
scandal had cost the firm nearly
a billion dollars in lost revenue.
main the chairman of SFX and
that the company would begin
searching for a new chief execu-
tive immediately.
The bankruptcy, which in re-
cent weeks had been the subject
of speculation in the music world
and on Wall Street, brings to an
end a painful stretch for SFX and
Mr. Sillerman, who hoped to re-
peat the success he had two dec-
ades ago with an earlier incarna-
tion of SFX Entertainment. In
that company, he combined con-
cert promoters around the coun-
The company will go
private and the chief
will be replaced.
try and in 2000 sold the enter-
prise to the broadcaster Clear
Channel — now known as iHeart-
Media — for $4.4 billion. That net-
work of promoters and theaters
remains the basis of Live Nation
Entertainment’s concert division.
But the new version of SFX has
been much more troubled. The
company raised $260 million in
an initial public offering in late
2013, but investors grew impa-
tient with its efforts to build a
profitable business by attracting
corporate sponsors. Events like a
Las Vegas edition of the Brazilian
festival Rock in Rio also had dis-
appointing results.
“Nothing ever materialized in
BUSINESS BRIEFING
Mattel’s Quarterly Sales Grow
As Barbie Doll Choices Expand
Mattel posted a surprise increase
in quarterly net sales, its first rise
in more than two years, as sales of
its Barbie dolls recovered and de-
mand rose for its Hot Wheels toys.
The company’s shares jumped
nearly 6 percent in after-hours
trading on Monday. Last year,
Mattel released its traditionally
blonde Barbie doll in a variety of
skin tones, hairstyles and outfits
to appeal to a larger demographic.
Sales of Barbie dolls, which had
fallen for the past two years, rose
0.5 percent to $327.6 million in the
fourth quarter. Last week, Mattel
continued the doll’s makeover, in-
troducing Barbies in three new
body shapes: tall, curvy and pe-
tite. Sales in the toymaker’s
Wheels category, which includes
Hot Wheels toys, rose 17 percent
to $271.8 million, driven by Star
Wars-licensed products like a Jedi
Starfighter starship and the popu-
lar Millennium Falcon starship.
Net sales increased 0.3 percent to
$2 billion in the quarter that ended
Dec. 31. Mattel’s net income rose
43.6 percent to $215.2 million, or 63
cents a share, beating the average
analyst estimate of 61 cents.
(REUTERS)
Gas Eclipses Coal as Source
Of Power for 5th Straight Month
The generation of power from coal
in the United States fell to the low-
est monthly level in 35 years in
November 2015 as generators
switched to cleaner and cheaper
natural gas, according to federal
data. Gas surpassed coal as the
leading source of power in the
United States for a fifth month in a
row in November, according to the
latest data available from the En-
ergy Information Administration,
a federal agency. The first time
gas overtook coal was April 2015.
With just data for the month of
December missing from 2015,
some analysts think power com-
panies may have burned more gas
than coal for the full year for the
first time. Coal has been the pri-
mary source of fuel for American
power plants for at least a centu-
ry, but its use has been declining
since peaking in 2007 and is ex-
pected to decline further as the
federal government imposes rules
to limit carbon emissions.
(REUTERS)
KRISTA SCHLUETER FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
the fundamentals with this com-
pany,” said Steven Azarbad of
Maglan Capital, a hedge fund
that sold its holdings in SFX last
year. “It became a ‘show me’
story at some point.”
Last year, Mr. Sillerman of-
fered to take the company pri-
vate at $5.25 a share, valuing the
company at $774 million, includ-
ing its debt. But investors doubt-
ed that Mr. Sillerman had lined
up the proper financing, and the
company’s shares began to
plunge. By August, Mr. Sillerman
abandoned his bid, and problems
continued to mount through the
fall. Last month the company dis-
closed that it was in default be-
cause it had failed to make a $3
million payment on a $10.8 mil-
lion promissory note.
SFX’s reorganization raises
questions about the future of the
company, including whether
pieces of it will be bought by ri-
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vals in the concert and live-en-
tertainment businesses. Last
year, while Mr. Sillerman’s take-
over bid was being considered by
the board, the company disclosed
that it had received interest from
bidders for parts of its business,
but did not identify the parties.
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m
Despite SFX’s problems, the
dance-music world has largely
remained strong. Festivals like
Coachella, which involve many
dance acts as headliners, are still
popular, and by one estimate the
global market for dance music,
including recordings, live per-
formances, endorsements and
other deals, is worth $6.9 billion a
year.

Online Finance Company Took $7.6 Billion in Ponzi Scheme, China Says
By NEIL GOUGH
HONG KONG — A Chinese
online finance company bilked in-
vestors out of more than $7.6 bil-
lion, spent lavishly on gifts and
salaries and buried the evidence,
according to local authorities
who described the operation as
an enormous Ponzi scheme.
The accusations throw a shad-
ow over China’s online finance in-
dustry, a lucrative area for many
global leaders in the sector, but
one that the authorities say has
also drawn a growing number of
cases of fraud and flameouts.
Chinese officials say that the
online company, Ezubao, once a
dynamo of the industry, offered
mostly fake investment products
to its nearly one million invest-
ors, according to the state-run
Xinhua news agency. The au-
thorities arrested 21 people in An-
hui, the eastern Chinese province
where Ezubao is based, and
closed some of the platform’s op-
erations, the agency reported on
Sunday.
“Ezubao is a Ponzi scheme,”
Xinhua quoted Zhang Min, a for-
mer executive at the company, as
saying. Officials at the company
could not be reached for com-
ment.
A new category of Chinese
companies has emerged in recent
years to do for customers what
Owen Guo contributed research
from Beijing.
Yahoo Accused of Bias
In Use of Rating System
By VINDU GOEL
SAN FRANCISCO — One of
Marissa Mayer’s signature pol-
icies as chief executive of Yahoo
has been the quarterly perform-
ance review, in which every em-
ployee at the company is ranked
on a scale of 1 to 5. The ratings
have been used to fire hundreds
of employees since Ms. Mayer
joined the company in mid-2012.
Now, as Ms. Mayer prepares to
announce a streamlining plan on
Tuesday that is likely to involve
even more job cuts, one former
manager who lost his job is chal-
lenging the entire system as dis-
criminatory and a violation of
federal and California laws gov-
erning mass layoffs.
In a lawsuit filed in Federal
District Court in San Jose, Calif.,
on Monday, Gregory Anderson,
an editor who oversaw Yahoo’s
autos, homes, shopping, small
business and travel sites in Sun-
nyvale, Calif., until he was fired in
November 2014, alleges that the
company’s senior managers rou-
tinely manipulated the rating
system to fire hundreds of people
without just cause to achieve the
company’s financial goals.
Mr. Anderson said the cuts, in-
cluding what his boss said was
Managers were
instructed to never say
‘layoff,’ but to use the
word ‘remix’ instead.
the firing of about 600 other low-
performing Yahoo employees at
the time of his termination,
amounted to illegal mass layoffs.
Under California law, the layoff
of more than 50 employees within
30 days at a single location like
Yahoo’s Sunnyvale headquarters
requires an employer to give
workers 60 days of advance no-
tice. A similar federal law, known
as the Worker Adjustment and
Retraining Notification Act, re-
quires advance notice for a layoff
of 500 or more employees.
Yahoo has never provided such
notices. But it did cut 1,100 em-
ployees over a period of months
in late 2014 and early 2015, osten-
sibly for performance reasons.
If the court finds that Yahoo vi-
olated either law, it could be
forced to pay each affected em-
ployee $500 a day plus back pay
and benefits for each day of ad-
vance notice it failed to provide.
The California Department of
Shifting to LED Bulbs, General Electric Will Drop CFLs
By DIANE CARDWELL
Just a few years ago, the com-
pact fluorescent light was the go-
to choice for customers seeking
an inexpensive, energy-efficient
replacement for the standard in-
candescent bulb. But as the light
quality of LEDs improved and
their cost plummeted, manufac-
turers and retailers began shift-
ing their efforts in that direction.
Now, the industrial giant Gen-
eral Electric is saying farewell to
the compact fluorescent light, or
CFL. The company said on Mon-
day that it would stop making
and selling the bulbs in the Unit-
ed States by the end of the year.
“Now is the right time to tran-
sition from CFL to LED,” said
John Strainic, chief operating of-
The locked door of Ezubao in Hangzhou, China, in December. Authorities quoted by the official
Xinhua news agency said the company sold fake investment products to nearly a million clients.
the country’s state-owned banks
will not. Chinese customers wide-
ly use their smartphones to buy
groceries or transfer money, and
new types of finance companies
are offering loans to small busi-
nesses, students and others that
Fair Employment and Housing is
also investigating the use of rat-
ings in the firing of another Ya-
hoo employee, according to Jon
R. Parsons, Mr. Anderson’s law-
yer.
Fahizah Alim, a spokeswoman
for the California agency, con-
firmed that such an inquiry was
underway, but said she could not
provide further information be-
cause of confidentiality rules.
In a statement, Yahoo de-
fended its rating system. "Our
performance review process also
allows for high performers to en-
gage in increasingly larger op-
portunities at our company, as
well as for low performers to be
transitioned out," the company
said.
Yahoo also said that Mr. An-
derson’s specific claims had no
merit and that he had sought a $5
million settlement from the com-
pany just before filing the suit.
Ms. Mayer has steadfastly re-
fused to use the word “layoff” to
describe the thousands of jobs
eliminated since she joined the
company. She even forbade her
managers from uttering what she
called “the L-word,” instructing
them to use the term “remix” in-
stead.
The lawsuit comes as Yahoo
morale hits new lows. More than
one-third of the company’s work
force has left voluntarily or invol-
untarily over the last year.
Ms. Mayer, who has presided
over a continued decline in Ya-
hoo’s financial performance,
faces pressure from activist in-
vestors to sell the company’s In-
ternet businesses or otherwise
radically restructure the busi-
ness. She has promised to unveil
a new strategy on Tuesday, when
Yahoo reports its financial results
for the fourth quarter of 2015, al-
though people with knowledge of
her thinking say that the changes
she will announce will be modest.
Mr. Anderson’s suit provides a
peek inside Yahoo’s controversial
quarterly performance review
system, which Ms. Mayer adopt-
ed on the recommendation of
McKinsey & Company, a man-
agement consulting company.
Similar systems were once wide-
ly used in corporate America, and
companies like Amazon.com still
employ analogous methods.
But others, like General Elec-
tric and Microsoft, have dropped
such rankings as a tool for rou-
tine firings because of their cor-
rosive effect on productivity and
employee morale.
At Yahoo, the program, known
internally as Q.P.R., has been a
sore spot among managers and
ficer of consumer and conven-
tional lighting at GE Lighting.
“There are so many choices that
a consumer has for one socket in
their home that it’s overwhelm-
ing. This will help simplify that.”
Compact fluorescents were the
first big energy-saving alterna-
tive to standard incandescents,
which no longer meet govern-
ment standards for energy effi-
ciency in the United States and
many places abroad. But con-
sumers complained about the
harsh quality of light of the early
models. They can also be slow to
warm up and difficult to dim, and
they contain trace amounts of
mercury.
LEDs were more expensive,
with bulbs often running $30, but
THE NEW YORK TIMES BUSINESS TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 2016
state banks traditionally ignore.
Ezubao claims to be a peer-to-
peer lender, matching investors
with potential borrowers over the
Internet. China’s growth in peer-
to-peer lending has been strong,
and Morgan Stanley estimated
Gregory Anderson, a former manager at Yahoo, said the cuts in
late 2014 and early 2015 amounted to illegal mass layoffs.
employees since it began. The
court filing said that managers
were forced to give poor rankings
to a certain percentage of their
team, regardless of actual per-
formance. Ratings given by front-
line managers were arbitrarily
changed by higher-level execu-
tives who often had no direct
knowledge of the employee’s
work. And employees were never
told their exact rating and had no
effective avenue of appeal.
“The Q.P.R. process was
opaque and the employees did
not know who was making the fi-
nal decisions, what numbers
were being assigned by whom
along the way, or why those num-
bers were being changed,” the
lawsuit says. “This manipulation
of the Q.P.R. process permitted
employment decisions, including
terminations, to be made on the
basis of personal biases and ster-
eotyping.”
Mr. Anderson said that in his
case, he had received high rat-
ings and a promotion before tak-
ing a leave of absence in the sum-
mer of 2014 to study at the Uni-
versity of Michigan on a Knight-
the technology found fans who
said they offered better light
quality. Prices dropped steadily,
falling well below $5 for a basic
bulb last year, in part because of
government regulations making
it easier for them to qualify for
generous discounts.
As a result, customers have
been migrating toward LEDs. In
2014, LEDs made up about 5 per-
cent of the American market, Mr.
Strainic said. According to the
National Electrical Manufactur-
ers Association, LEDs reached 15
percent of bulb shipments in the
third quarter of last year, a jump
of more than 237 percent over the
same quarter in 2014. Halogen
dominates standard bulb ship-
ments, the association reported,
AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE — GETTY IMAGES
total volume in the country last
year at $33.2 billion, surpassing
the United States. The Chinese
market is fragmented, Morgan
Stanley says, with more than
1,500 such lending platforms.
But cases of illegal fund-raising
LAURA M c DERMOTT FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Wallace Fellowship. Although the
fellowship leave was approved by
two top Yahoo executives, Kathy
Savitt and Jackie Reses, who
have since left the company, Mr.
Anderson said that his boss’s
boss, Megan Liberman, called
him on Nov. 10 to inform him that
he was in the bottom 5 percent of
the company’s work force, all of
whom were being fired.
In the suit, Mr. Anderson said
he was fired for several reasons
unrelated to performance. He
said he had complained to man-
agement about the impact of the
Q.P.R. process on the people he
supervised and had reported an
attempted bribe by one employee
who wanted him to reduce an-
other employee’s rating.
He also alleged gender dis-
crimination, claiming that the
media group, which was over-
seen by Ms. Savitt and Ms. Liber-
man, systematically favored
women in hiring, promotions and
layoffs.
Mr. Anderson, who had worked
at Yahoo’s headquarters, said he
was “stranded” in Michigan with
his family because of the firing.
representing almost half of the
total, followed by CFLs at about
27 percent, a share that is on the
decline.
Retailers have also been mov-
ing away from CFLs, which will
have a harder time qualifying for
the Energy Star rating under reg-
ulations proposed for next year,
Mr. Strainic said. Those include
giants like Sam’s Club and Wal-
mart, which have fewer CFL op-
tions on shelves, he said. Ikea
abandoned CFLs and started car-
rying only LEDs last year.
For now, the General Electric
move applies only in the United
States. There has been wider ac-
ceptance of CFLs elsewhere, es-
pecially in Europe, Mexico and
other parts of Latin America.
related to peer-to-peer lending
have grown quickly in the past
two years, according to the local
authorities, and officials pledged
in December to tighten regula-
tion of the industry. Because of
the enormous sums involved and
the large investor base, the col-
lapse of a major online-financing
platform could raise concerns
over confidence in the security of
such investments.
Ezubao has been under official
scrutiny for weeks. In December,
Xinhua said the company was un-
der investigation for suspected il-
legal business activities.
Xinhua said an investigation
by local authorities had found
that most of the investment prod-
ucts the company marketed were
fake. Some offered investors an-
nual interest payments of as
much as 15 percent.
In reality, the platform, which
was set up by the Yucheng Group
in July 2014, was used to enrich
top executives, Xinhua said.
That included more than 1 bil-
lion renminbi, or around $150 mil-
lion, that Ding Ning, the chair-
man of Yucheng, is reported to
have spent on items and gifts in-
cluding real estate, cars and luxu-
ry goods, according to the news
agency.
The report added that the sala-
ry paid to Mr. Ding’s brother,
Ding Dian, was increased to 1
million renminbi a month from
Economists Sharply Split
Over Trade Deal Effects
By JACKIE CALMES
WASHINGTON — Lawmakers
and presidential candidates are
having their say about the 12-
nation Pacific Rim trade accord
that is President Obama’s top
economic priority in his final year
in office. But lately the liveliest
debate over the deal is among
blue-ribbon economists.
On Monday, it was the critics’
turn: Economists from Tufts Uni-
versity unveiled their study con-
cluding that the pact, called the
Trans-Pacific Partnership, would
cause some job losses and ex-
acerbate income inequality in
each of the dozen participating
nations, but especially in the larg-
est — the United States.
Supporting the authors at the
National Press Club was Jared
Bernstein, who was the top eco-
nomic adviser to Vice President
Joseph R. Biden Jr. during Mr.
Obama’s first term.
The conclusions of the Tufts
economists contradict recent
positive findings from the Peter-
son Institute for International
Economics and the World Bank
about the trade pact, which
would be the largest regional ac-
cord in history and would bind
nations including Canada, Chile,
Australia and Japan.
Each side in the economists’
debate has criticized the econom-
ic model that the other used to
reach its results, while opponents
and supporters of the trade ac-
cord have quickly seized upon
whichever analysis buttressed
their own views.
Michael B. Froman, Mr. Oba-
ma’s trade representative, plans
to join other trade ministers in
Auckland, New Zealand, on
Thursday for the formal signing
of the trade deal, which they fin-
ished in October after years of
negotiations.
The future of the deal, howev-
er, depends on the approval of a
sharply divided Congress. The
administration is believed to lack
enough support for passage,
though votes are not expected
until after the November elec-
tion. Some other nations are de-
laying their own ratification pro-
cesses pending American action.
Election-year pressures are
not helping the president’s cause,
as leading candidates in both par-
ties are opposing the trade agree-
ment.
Donald J. Trump, the leading
Republican candidate, told the
conservative website Breitbart
News over the weekend that as
president he would stop what he
called “Hillary’s Obamatrade.”
Hillary Clinton, the leading
Democratic contender, has crit-
icized the final agreement after
praising it while it was being ne-
gotiated. She continues to be as-
sailed by her main rival for the
nomination, Senator Bernie
Sanders of Vermont, for her early
support.
Against this backdrop, the
economists from prestigious uni-
versities and research institu-
tions have been providing their
takes and debating their differ-
ences just as intensely, though
with more scholarly reserve.
The analysis from the Global
Development and Environment
Institute at Tufts was titled
“Trading Down: Unemployment,
Inequality and Other Risks of the
Trans-Pacific Partnership Agree-
ment,” and was written by the
economists Jeronim Capaldo and
Alex Izurieta, with Jomo Kwame
N B3
18,000 renminbi. The company
spent as much as 800 million ren-
minbi on payroll in the month of
November.
Another executive, who was in
charge of risk management at a
company affiliated with the
Yucheng Group, said that more
than 95 percent of the investment
products Ezubao marketed on
the platform were fake, accord-
ing to the report, and those re-
Accusations cast a
shadow over a
lucrative web-based
industry.
sponsible went to considerable
lengths to conceal their ruse.
The Xinhua report said that
suspects had placed about 1,200
documents and other pieces of
evidence related to the scheme in
80 bags and had buried them six
meters, or nearly 20 feet, un-
derground at a site on the out-
skirts of Hefei, the capital of An-
hui Province.
It took the police 20 hours with
two excavators to unearth the ev-
idence, Xinhua said, and the po-
lice described the case as “ex-
tremely difficult.”
Sundaram, a former United Na-
tions economic development offi-
cial.
The authors wrote that they
used “a more realistic model” for
their analysis, and that previous
reports that projected economic
benefits from the trade accord
were “based on unrealistic as-
sumptions such as full employ-
ment” and unchanging income
distribution.
The Tufts report projected that
incomes in the United States
would decline by a half-percent-
age point compared with the
change expected without the
Trans-Pacific Partnership. The
Peterson Institute’s report, by
economists from Brandeis and
Johns Hopkins universities, pro-
jected that incomes would rise by
half a percentage point.
The Tufts paper also projected
that the overall economies of the
United States and Japan would
contract slightly. Employment in
the United States would decline
by 448,000 jobs; total job losses in
the dozen nations would be
771,000 — a small share of the na-
tions’ total work forces, yet hard-
ly a selling point for leaders seek-
Ministers head to New
Zealand to sign a pact
that depends on a
divided Congress.
ing to ratify the trade agreement.
The Obama administration has
acknowledged that some jobs
would be lost, especially in manu-
facturing and in industries that
employ workers with lower skills,
but it has said that those losses
would be offset by new jobs cre-
ated in export-reliant industries
that pay more on average. The
Peterson Institute report offered
evidence for that argument,
while concluding that there
would be no net change in overall
employment in the United States.
The other parties to the pact
are Mexico, New Zealand, Peru,
Malaysia, Vietnam, Singapore
and Brunei.
“Economic gains would be neg-
ligible for other participating
countries — less than one per-
cent over 10 years for developed
countries, and less than three
percent for developing coun-
tries,” the Tufts report said.
It also had bad news for coun-
tries, including China, that are
not parties to the Trans-Pacific
Partnership, whose participants
account for nearly 40 percent of
the world economy.
“We project negative effects on
growth and employment in non-
T.P.P. countries,” the report said.
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instability and a race to the bot-
tom, in which labor incomes will
be under increasing pressure.”
The authors’ explicit criticism
of models and data used by other
economists provoked swift coun-
ter-criticism. Robert Z. Law-
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m
rence, a professor of internation-
al trade and investment at the
Kennedy School of Government
at Harvard, and a senior fellow of
the Peterson Institute, wrote a
blog piece on Monday expound-
ing on why the institute’s analy-
sis was “superior on all counts”
and better suited to specifically
gauging the impact of megatrade
agreements.
B4 Ø N
Regulators Aren’t Done With Investigations Into ‘Dark Pool’ Trading
By LIZ MOYER
Settlements by Barclays and
Credit Suisse for misrepresenting
their private stock trading sites
to customers are unlikely to be
the last as regulators continue to
pursue abuses in electronic trad-
ing.
At the heart of the cases are so-
called dark pools, a nefarious-
sounding term for an activity that
actually plays a big role in the
way equities markets work.
About 42 percent of the average
daily trade volume is handled in
the “dark,” according to the Tabb
Group, a data and research firm.
That means no information about
the trades is known publicly be-
fore they are executed.
Conversely, 58 percent of an
average day’s trades are done on
the “lit,” or public, markets like
the major United States stock ex-
changes, where transactions can
How Free Electricity Helped Dig a $9 Billion Hole in Struggling Puerto Rico
From Page A1
free electricity is so tightly woven
into the fabric of society that un-
winding it would have vast ram-
ifications and, some say, only
worsen the plight of the people
who live here.
“If the towns don’t get free en-
ergy, they’re going to have to pay
for it by increasing their property
taxes or something, so the people
will end up paying,” said Eduardo
Bhatia, the president of the Puer-
to Rico Senate. Residents of the
island are already upset about a
recent sales tax increase to 11
percent, from 7 percent, and a
property tax increase now would
cause an outcry. The last assess-
ment was in 1958.
The free electrical power is just
one example of the power author-
ity’s complex and paradoxical
role in the economy here. On
Tuesday, Mr. Bhatia will begin
hearings to determine who and
what are to blame for the authori-
ty’s larger problems, especially
its ancient and inefficient power
plants, among the last in North
America to burn oil. Culprits are
expected to include the authori-
ty’s secretive purchasing manag-
ers, elected officials who wasted
money on natural gas pipelines
that were scrapped and an insti-
tutional hostility to wind and so-
lar power that is hard to fathom
on a breezy island where the sun
shines most days.
“This is the great mystery that
we have to unravel in the coming
months,” Mr. Bhatia said in an in-
terview.
Meanwhile, though, the free
electricity offers a window into
the workings of the island’s sole
power provider and demon-
strates how complex the solu-
tions to the larger debt troubles
are likely to be.
“It’s symbolic of a lot of things
here in Puerto Rico,” said Miguel
Soto-Class, the president of the
Center for a New Economy,
which has been urging changes
at Prepa for the last 10 years.
“Every time we start to get into
this, they always come back and
say: ‘Well, there’s nothing we can
do. We’ve got to keep the lights
on.’ ”
Carlos Méndez Martínez, the
mayor of Aguadilla, said the city-
owned attractions had turned
Aguadilla’s onetime deficit into a
surplus and generated profits he
uses to pay down debt, improve
low-income housing and offer
free wheelchairs and delivered
meals to shut-ins. The profits
have also allowed him to keep a
17-year-old promise not to raise
taxes. Last year, he even paid a
“dividend” to every man, woman
Wall St. Heresy: Look Past the Quarter
From First Business Page
for the next few years, he said,
“some short-term investors (and
analysts) offer more compelling
visions for companies than the
companies themselves, allowing
these perspectives to fill the void
and build support for potentially
destabilizing actions.”
Activist investors are increas-
ingly pressuring companies to re-
turn money to shareholders or
buy back shares. Last year
through the end of the third quar-
ter, according to Mr. Fink, buy-
backs skyrocketed 27 percent
over the previous year, which it-
self had been a record. Compa-
nies that buy back shares reduce
the amount of stock they have
outstanding, a move that can
have the effect of increasing
earnings per share and the
stakes of existing shareholders.
Mr. Fink’s call comes at a time
of stepped-up chatter among big
investors and other business
leaders to try to encourage com-
panies and investors to be less fo-
cused on short-term efforts to lift
earnings. Critics of buybacks
be seen by brokers and other
market dealers before they are
completed. The Tabb Group says
last year’s overall average daily
trade volume (both lit and dark)
was 6.9 billion shares a day.
Firms like Barclays and Credit
Suisse operate dark pools for cus-
tomers who want to buy and sell
stock without other traders find-
ing out what they are up to before
a transaction takes place. These
types of dark pools handle 13.6
percent of daily trading, the Tabb
Group says.
A pension fund with a large
block of stock to sell, for example,
would want that transaction to be
handled as confidentially as pos-
sible to avoid affecting the price
of the shares until all or most of
them could be unloaded.
Although dark pools have ex-
isted for decades, they have be-
come more popular in recent
The Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority provides free electricity to a skating rink in Aguadilla. Until now, the authority’s terms gave cities no incentive to conserve.
and child in the city — a free tick-
et to the water park, which other-
wise costs residents $20.
These achievements have in-
spired voters to elect Mr. Méndez
four times. Aguadilla has no term
limits, and he expects to win
again this year.
“I can be mayor until the day I
die,” he said in a recent interview.
Mr. Méndez said it was fair to
use the power authority’s free
electricity for municipal develop-
ment, because Prepa paid no
property taxes or licensing fees
for its many facilities in Aguadi-
lla. But anticipating limits on his
free power now that the authority
is struggling for solvency, he re-
cently put a solar power system
on the roof of the skating rink
that he hopes will eventually get
it off the grid.
Aguadilla may be the most vis-
ible example, but other munici-
palities use Prepa’s free electrici-
ty to power air-conditioned res-
taurants and hotels, lighting sys-
tems for minor-league baseball
question whether the purchases
are a productive use of profits,
rather than investing in their
businesses and creating jobs.
BlackRock, along with other
mutual fund giants like Fidelity
Investments and T. Rowe Price,
recently held a meeting with
Warren E. Buffett at the invita-
tion of JPMorgan Chase’s chief
executive, Jamie Dimon, to de-
vise a series of voluntary stand-
ards that companies should
adopt, according to people
briefed on the meetings. Another
meeting is planned for next
month. The discussion of short-
termism on Wall Street has also
become part of the presidential
campaign. Hillary Clinton made a
policy speech last year that en-
dorsed many of the ideas Mr.
Fink had raised. There has long
been speculation that Mr. Fink
could eventually land a senior
government post in Washington.
In an interview, Mr. Fink said
he wrote this letter now to get
ahead of proxy season, a period
during the spring when many
companies hold their annual
meetings and vote on sharehold-
THE NEW YORK TIMES BUSINESS TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 2016
years as high-speed electronic
trading has ruled the markets.
Supersophisticated computers
can search various public ex-
changes in fractions of a second,
ferreting out trades from the mo-
Barclays and Credit
Suisse settle their
cases.
ment they are initiated until they
are completed. That ability has
enabled competing buyers and
sellers to react to the trades
while they are in progress.
An aspect of the accusations
against Credit Suisse was echoed
in an earlier case settled by Citi-
games at night, lighting and
sound systems for festivals, and
other enterprises. Until now, the
power authority’s terms gave cit-
ies no incentive to conserve. The
more free power they used, the
more they could receive.
“We have heard of many pri-
vate entities that for years have
An institutional
hostility to wind and
solar energy on a
breezy, sunny island.
run a private business in a build-
ing owned by a municipality, and
they never paid for power,” said
Agustin F. Carbó Lugo, president
of the Puerto Rico Energy Com-
mission. The commission, estab-
lished in 2014, is the power au-
thority’s first independent reg-
er resolutions. He hopes to influ-
ence how chief executives dis-
cuss their companies’ perform-
ance and goals in their annual
letters to shareholders.
Of course, some companies in
fast-moving businesses like tech-
nology might argue that it is im-
possible to present a multiyear
road map without telegraphing
plans to rivals.
Mr. Fink dismissed that possi-
bility. “I don’t think a public dis-
course on how a company’s
C.E.O. sees their position is going
to result in proprietary secrets
being revealed.”
He doesn’t want to put all of
the responsibility on the chief ex-
ecutive. His letter presses com-
pany boards to publicly affirm
the chief executive’s long-term
plan. All too often, there is a dis-
connect between the vision of a
chief executive and the board,
especially when things go wrong.
Of course, the other challenge
with a company offering a long-
term vision is not only meeting
its goals, but also changing them
if the market or economy
change. Mr. Fink said he appreci-
group’s LavaFlow alternative
trading system in 2014. Both
Credit Suisse and Citi were ac-
cused of using information about
hidden customer orders to inform
trades through computers known
as smart-order routers, which
continuously hunt for the best
way to execute a trade.
In Credit Suisse’s instance, in-
formation about customer orders
sitting in its dark pool waiting to
be completed was sent to its
smart-order router and another
router designed to detect interest
from other traders.
That information “leakage” is
what dark pools are supposed to
guard against.
What regulators have focused
on are the promises the dark pool
operators have made to custom-
ers about how their orders are
being handled and whether high-
speed trading firms have the op-
ulator; previously the public-
owned monopoly regulated itself.
The free power dates from 1941,
when the utility was established
by Rexford Tugwell, a member of
Franklin D. Roosevelt’s brain
trust and the last American gov-
ernor of Puerto Rico to be ap-
pointed by the president of the
United States. He contended that
for electricity to benefit the peo-
ple, it had to be owned by the peo-
ple, and he created Prepa by na-
tionalizing the handful of private
electric companies then on the is-
land.
The private companies had
paid local property taxes, but
publicly owned Prepa did not.
Free electricity was intended to
make up for the lost tax revenue.
The value of the free power was
supposed to match the forgone
taxes, and if cities took more,
they were supposed to pay for it.
But the rates are driven by oil
prices, which since the 1970s
have lost any connection they
might have had to property val-
ated that argument, but contend-
ed that boards that lay out multi-
year plans won’t feel locked into
them.
“Given the right context, long-
term shareholders will under-
stand, and even expect, that you
will need to pivot in response to
the changing environments you
are navigating,” Mr. Fink wrote.
“But one reason for investors’
short-term horizons is that com-
panies have not sufficiently edu-
cated them about the ecosystems
they are operating in.”
That may be true, but it is ad-
portunity to trade against those
orders. In November, the Securi-
ties and Exchange Commission
proposed rules that would force
dark pools to be more explicit
about how they handle customer
orders.
So far, the S.E.C. has settled
several cases, most of them hav-
ing to do with the disclosures and
representations firms made to
customers about their dark pools.
In addition to Barclays and Cred-
it Suisse, other cases include the
one against Citi’s LavaFlow, an-
other against Liquidnet, one
against UBS last year, and a
more recent one against ITG,
which held the previous record
for a dark pool fine.
The Barclays and Credit Suisse
settlements, totaling $154.3 mil-
lion, are the largest to date.
At a news conference on Mon-
day, both Andrew J. Ceresney, the
DENNIS M. RIVERA PICHARDO FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
ues, and the power authority sim-
ply stopped trying to collect what
cities owed. In 2014 a consulting
firm found the cities had received
$420 million worth of free elec-
tricity that they should have paid
for.
Nor was it just towns and cit-
ies. The consulting firm FTI Cap-
ital Advisors found that 288 gov-
ernmental bodies on the island
were delinquent in their power
payments by $300 million.
Among them were public schools,
hospitals, low-income housing
projects, a commuter train, the is-
land’s water and sewerage sys-
tem, and its highway authority,
which operates traffic signals,
toll plazas and highway lighting.
If the power authority were to
demand immediate payment
from them, it could set off a domi-
no effect of defaults and insolven-
cies.
In 2012, for example, Puerto Ri-
co’s port authority fell $60 million
behind on its electric bills, and
the utility threatened to cut off
KARSTEN MORAN FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
mittedly difficult for executives
to reverse course without worry-
ing about losing face.
Mr. Fink is also pushing for
companies to consider environ-
mental, social and governance is-
sues “ranging from climate
change to diversity to board ef-
fectiveness.” These issues have
long been an afterthought for
most companies, and in particu-
lar, for investors, who have sim-
ply sought companies that de-
liver the highest returns.
“These issues offer both risks
and opportunities, but for too
S.E.C’s director of enforcement,
and Eric T. Schneiderman, New
York’s attorney general, said oth-
er investigations were continu-
ing. The two jointly announced
the Barclays and Credit Suisse
settlements. New York first sued
Barclays over issues regarding
its dark pool in 2014.
“This is an area where both of
our institutions are focused,” Mr.
Ceresney said.
For its part, while it admitted
violations of securities laws in
settling its case, Barclays got ap-
proval for waivers that would
preserve its status as a “well-
known seasoned issuer,” which
means it benefits from a stream-
lined process for filing securities
registrations. Without the waiv-
ers, it could have been classified
an “ineligible issuer,” which is the
status conferred to companies
with black marks against them.
power to the island’s main com-
mercial airport, in San Juan. That
would have forced the airport to
close, a catastrophe for an island
economy that caters to tourists.
To avert a crisis, the govern-
ment sold the airport to a private
investment group from Mexico,
and used the proceeds to make a
dent in the overdue $60 million.
But before long, what was left of
the port authority, nine seaports
and 11 small airports, started fall-
ing behind on electric bills again.
The power authority is work-
ing out a payment plan for them.
Other delinquencies have been
tougher to resolve. When the
power authority threatened to
turn off the power in the commut-
er rail system’s administrative
offices, rail officials scoffed, say-
ing the authority had no legal
standing to enforce its claims.
“Nobody’s happy,” Senator
Bhatia said in a recent interview
in San Juan. “Nobody’s in a good
position, and that’s why we have
to keep working together.”
Laurence Fink says compa-
nies should give shareholders
a detailed long-term plan for
the company’s business.
long, companies have not consid-
ered them core to their business
— even when the world’s political
leaders are increasingly focused
on them, as demonstrated by the
Paris climate accord,” Mr. Fink
wrote.
Finally, Mr. Fink suggests that
business actually needs to take
on a greater responsibility in
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pushing for change in Washing-
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ton. He says that tax policy needs
to be reformed and investment in
infrastructure must become a
priority. If the government fails
to invest in our nation’s infra-
structure, it “will not only cost
businesses and consumers $1.8
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m
trillion over the next five years,
but clearly represents a threat to
the ability of companies to grow.”
He says he believes that corpo-
rate America needs help from
Washington to shift to a more
long-term focus. “We recognize
that the culture of short-term re-
sults is not something that can be
solved by C.E.O.s and their
boards alone.”

Abbott to Acquire Alere,
A Maker of Medical Tests
By LESLIE PICKER
Abbott said on Monday that it
had agreed to acquire Alere for
an expected $5.8 billion to en-
hance its diagnostics business.
Alere, which had a market val-
ue of $3.2 billion as of Friday,
makes “point of care” medical
tests that can provide results in a
matter of minutes. The company,
based in Waltham, Mass., will be-
come a subsidiary of Abbott,
which is expecting to have annu-
al diagnostic sales of $7 billion af-
ter the transaction closes, ac-
cording to a statement released
by the companies on Monday.
“We want to offer our custom-
ers the best and broadest diag-
nostics solutions,” Miles D.
White, chairman and chief execu-
tive of Abbott, said in the state-
ment. “Alere helps us do that.”
Alere, which was founded in
2001, said it delivered more than
1.4 billion tests last year, pro-
ducing annual sales of $2.5 billion
— half of that from the United
States. The company provides
A steep premium is
likely to dissuade any
rival bids.
tests for H.I.V., tuberculosis, ma-
laria and dengue, as well as the
flu and strep.
Some analysts were concerned
that the acquisition of Alere could
weigh on Abbott’s growth. In the
12 months through December,
Alere’s revenue declined 3.6 per-
cent, according to estimates com-
piled by Standard & Poor’s Cap-
ital IQ, while Abbott’s increased
0.8 percent over that period.
Abbott will pay $56 a common
share of Alere, and it will assume,
or refinance, $2.6 billion of
Alere’s net debt. Abbott also
plans to finance the deal with
debt, Brian J. Blaser, the execu-
tive vice president of diagnostics
products at Abbott, said in the
company’s conference call on
Monday.
The offer represents a pre-
mium of more than 50 percent
over Alere’s closing stock price
Chipotle, whose shares rose on Monday, plans to close for sev-
eral hours on Feb. 8 to hold food safety meetings with workers.
C.D.C. Ends Chipotle Case
With Illness Still a Mystery
By CHRISTINE HAUSER
The E. coli outbreaks at Chipot-
le Mexican Grill restaurants in
the United States appear to be
over, but investigators have been
unable to trace the cause of the
sickness, federal authorities said
on Monday.
The Centers for Disease Con-
trol and Prevention said they had
investigated two outbreaks that
occurred last year: one in 11
states that sickened 55 people
and another that sickened five
people in three states. Twenty-
two people were admitted to hos-
pitals. There were no deaths.
The C.D.C. said in a statement
that a common meal or ingredi-
Investigators were
unable to specify the
food source of the
contamination.
ent served at the restaurants was
a likely source of the outbreaks,
but investigators were unable to
specify the food or ingredient re-
sponsible for the contamination.
“Most ill people in these out-
breaks ate many of the same food
items at a Chipotle Mexican Grill
restaurant,” the statement said.
“When a restaurant serves foods
with several ingredients that are
mixed or cooked together and
Everything you need to
know for your business day
is in Business Day.
The New York Times
on Friday, and its shares were up
45 percent in morning trading on
Monday.
Thomas C. Freyman, Abbott’s
executive vice president of fi-
nance and administration, said in
the call that the process for ac-
quiring Alere was “competitive.”
It was the “fair premium” and
the “strategic fit” that allowed
Abbott to prevail, he said.
Other potential bidders before
Monday’s deal announcement
may have been private equity
firms or the Danaher Corpora-
tion, Mark Massaro, an analyst
with Canaccord Genuity, said in a
note on Monday. It’s unlikely that
other bidders will enter the fray
at such a high premium, he said.
Point-of-care tests represented
about 10 percent of Abbott’s total
diagnostic sales of $4.6 billion last
year. In addition to diagnostics,
Abbott also makes medical de-
vices, nutritionals and generic
pharmaceuticals.
The transaction will be accre-
tive to Abbott’s earnings per
share when the deal closes, and is
expected to add about 12 to 13
cents a share in 2017 and more
than 20 cents a share in 2018. The
combined company is expecting
to extract $500 million in savings
by 2019 through sales and opera-
tional benefits.
Medical testing was not the
only health care sector announc-
ing a deal on Monday. The Stryk-
er Corporation agreed to acquire
Sage Products, which makes
products for the intensive care
unit, from the private equity firm
Madison Dearborn Partners for
$2.8 billion in cash.
As a result of the deal, which
the company said was accretive,
Stryker raised its full-year 2016
adjusted earnings guidance by
$0.05 a share to a range of $5.55 to
$5.75 a share.
Evercore is providing financial
advice to Abbott, while JPMor-
gan Chase is working with Alere.
Kirkland & Ellis is providing legal
counsel to Abbott, and Cravath,
Swaine & Moore is serving Alere.
JPMorgan also served as
Stryker’s financial adviser, while
Barclays worked with Sage. Sulli-
van & Cromwell provided legal
advice to Stryker, and Kirkland &
Ellis and Madden, Jiganti, Moore
& Sinars advised Sage.
ELAINE THOMPSON/ASSOCIATED PRESS
then used in multiple menu
items, it can be more difficult for
epidemiologic studies to identify
the specific ingredient that is
contaminated.”
On Monday, the company’s
stock price closed up more than 4
percent. The company was
scheduled to hold an investors’
conference call on Tuesday to dis-
cuss Chipotle’s last-quarter earn-
ings.
A Chipotle spokesman, Chris
Arnold, said in a statement on
Monday that the company was
pleased that the C.D.C. had con-
cluded its investigation.
“Over the past few months we
have taken significant steps to
improve the safety of all of the
food we serve, and we are confi-
dent that the changes we have
made mean that every item on
our menu is delicious and safe,”
he said.
The first outbreak was detect-
ed in October by health officials
in Washington State and Oregon,
and then other people who fell ill
in other states were identified
through Dec. 1. The second out-
break, of a different E. coli strain,
was reported in November in
Kansas, North Dakota and Okla-
homa.
Chipotle has been trying to re-
cover from the contaminations,
which caused some of its custom-
ers to shun the restaurants. The
chain, which has more than 2,000
locations, said last month that it
would shut all its stores for sev-
eral hours on Feb. 8 to hold food-
safety meetings with employees.
THE NEW YORK TIMES BUSINESS TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 2016 N B5
This announcement is neither an offer to purchase nor a solicitation of an offer to sell Shares (as defined below). The Offer (as defined below) is made solely by the Offer to Purchase (as defined below) and
the related Letter of Transmittal (as defined below), and any amendments or supplements thereto. Purchaser (as defined below) is not aware of any state where the making of the Offer is prohibited
by administrative or judicial action pursuant to any valid state statute. If Purchaser becomes aware of any valid state statute prohibiting the making of the Offer, Purchaser will make a good
faith effort to comply with such statute. If, after such good faith effort, Purchaser cannot comply with such state statute, the Offer will not be made to, nor will tenders be accepted from or
on behalf of, the holders of Shares in such state. In any jurisdiction where the securities, “ blue sky” or other laws require the Offer to be made by a licensed broker or dealer, the Offer
will be deemed to be made on behalf of Purchaser by one or more registered brokers or dealers that are licensed under the laws of such jurisdiction to be designated by Purchaser.
Notice of Offer to Purchase for Cash
All Outstanding Shares of Common Stock
of
ANADIGICS, Inc.
at
$0.66 Net Per Share
Pursuant to the Offer to Purchase dated February 2, 2016
by
Regulus Acquisition Sub, Inc.,
a wholly-owned subsidiary of
II-VI Incorporated
Regulus Acquisition Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Purchaser”) and a wholly-owned subsidiary of II-VI Incorporated, a Pennsylvania
corporation (“Parent”), is offering to purchase all of the outstanding shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Shares”), of
ANADIGICS, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Anadigics”), at a price of $0.66 per Share (the “Offer Price”), net to the seller in cash, without interest
and less any applicable withholding taxes, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Offer to Purchase, dated February 2, 2016 (as
it may be amended or supplemented from time to time, the “Offer to Purchase”), and in the related Letter of Transmittal (as it may be amended or
supplemented from time to time, the “Letter of Transmittal,” and together with the Offer to Purchase, the “Offer”). Tendering stockholders who have
Shares registered in their names and who tender directly to Computershare Trust Company, N.A. (the “Depositary”) will not be charged brokerage
fees or commissions or, except as set forth in the Letter of Transmittal, stock transfer taxes on the sale of Shares to Purchaser pursuant to the Offer.
Stockholders who hold their Shares through a broker, dealer, commercial bank, trust company or other nominee should consult with such institution
as to whether it charges any such fees or commissions.
THE OFFER AND WITHDRAWAL RIGHTS WILL EXPIRE AT 11:59 P.M., NEW YORK CITY
TIME, ON MARCH 1, 2016, UNLESS THE OFFER IS EXTENDED (THE “EXPIRATION DATE”).
The Offer is being made pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of January 15, 2016 and amended on February 1, 2016 (as it may
be further amended or supplemented from time to time in accordance with its terms, the “Merger Agreement”), by and among Parent, Purchaser
and Anadigics. The Merger Agreement provides, among other things, that, following the completion of the Offer, upon the terms and subject to the
conditions set forth in the Merger Agreement, and in accordance with the Delaware General Corporation Law (the “DGCL”), Purchaser will merge
with and into Anadigics (the “Merger”), with Anadigics continuing as the surviving corporation and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Parent. Because
the Merger will be governed by Section 251(h) of the DGCL, no stockholder vote will be required to consummate the Merger. At the effective time
of the Merger, each Share then outstanding (other than (i) Shares then held by Parent, Purchaser, Anadigics or their respective subsidiaries and
(ii) Shares that are held by any stockholder of Anadigics who properly demands appraisal in connection with the Merger as described in the Offer to
Purchase) will be converted into the right to receive the Offer Price, without interest, less any applicable withholding taxes. The Merger Agreement
is more fully described in Section 11—“The Merger Agreement; Other Agreements” of the Offer to Purchase.
The Offer is not subject to any financing condition. The Offer is conditioned upon, among other things, there being validly tendered and not
withdrawn immediately prior to the Expiration Date that number of Shares which, when added to the Shares owned by Parent or any of its subsidiaries,
would represent at least a majority of the Shares outstanding of Anadigics (assuming conversion or exercise of all derivative securities convertible or
exercisable immediately prior to the Expiration Date, regardless of the conversion or exercise price), excluding for the purposes of this condition any Shares
tendered pursuant to guaranteed delivery procedures and not actually delivered prior to the Expiration Date. The foregoing condition is referred to as the
“Minimum Condition.” The Minimum Condition may not be amended or waived without the prior written approval of Anadigics. The Offer is also subject
to other customary conditions. See Section 15—“Conditions to the Offer” in the Offer to Purchase, which sets forth the full conditions of the Offer.
T H E B OA R D OF DI R E C T OR S OF A N A DIGIC S U N A N I MO U S LY
RECOMMENDS THAT YOU TENDER ALL OF YOUR SHARES IN THE OFFER.
After careful consideration, the Board of Directors of Anadigics (the “Anadigics Board”) unanimously (1) determined that the Merger
Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby, including the Offer and the Merger, are advisable, fair to and in the best interests
of Anadigics and its stockholders, (2) approved, and declared advisable, the Merger Agreement, the Offer, the Merger and the transactions
contemplated by the Merger Agreement in accordance with the requirements of Delaware law and (3) recommended that Anadigics’s stockholders
accept the Offer and tender their Shares to Purchaser pursuant to the Offer.
The Offer to Purchase, the Letter of Transmittal and Anadigics’s Solicitation/Recommendation Statement on Schedule 14D-9 (which
contains the recommendation of the Anadigics Board and the reasons therefor) contain important information. Stockholders should carefully
read these documents in their entirety before making a decision with respect to the Offer.
Pursuant to the Merger Agreement and in accordance with Rule 14d-11 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange
Act”), but in all instances subject to the provisions of Section 251(h) of the DGCL and Purchaser’s obligation to consummate the Merger as soon
as practicable following the consummation of the Offer and satisfaction or waiver of the remaining conditions set forth in the Merger Agreement,
Purchaser may elect to provide a subsequent offering period (and one or more extensions thereof) following the Expiration Date. Because the Merger
will be governed by Section 251(h) of the DGCL, Purchaser does not expect there to be a significant period of time between the consummation of the
Offer and the consummation of the Merger. If Purchaser elects to provide a subsequent offering period, it will be an additional period of time, following
the Expiration Date, during which stockholders may tender any Shares not previously tendered into the Offer prior to the Expiration Date (or Shares
previously tendered and later withdrawn prior to the Expiration Date) and not withdrawn. If Purchaser elects to provide a subsequent offering period,
(i) it will remain open for such period or periods as Purchaser will specify of neither less than three business days nor more than 20 business days,
(ii) Shares may be tendered in the same manner as was applicable to the Offer except that any Shares tendered during such period may not be withdrawn
pursuant to Rule 14d-7(a)(2) under the Exchange Act, (iii) Purchaser will immediately accept and promptly pay for Shares as they are tendered and
(iv) the price per Share will be the same as the Offer Price.
Any extension, delay, termination, waiver or amendment of the Offer will be followed promptly by public announcement thereof, such announcement in
the case of an extension to be made no later than 9:00 a.m., New York City time, on the next business day after the previously scheduled Expiration Date.
For purposes of the Offer, Purchaser will be deemed to have accepted for payment, and thereby purchased, Shares validly tendered and not properly
withdrawn as, if and when Purchaser gives oral or written notice to the Depositary of Purchaser’s acceptance for payment of such Shares pursuant to the
Offer. Upon the terms and subject to the conditions of the Offer, payment for Shares accepted for payment pursuant to the Offer will be made by deposit of
the Offer Price with the Depositary, which will act as agent for tendering stockholders of Anadigics for the purpose of receiving payments from Purchaser
and transmitting such payments, less applicable withholding taxes, to stockholders of Anadigics whose Shares have been accepted for payment. Under no
circumstances will interest on the Offer Price be paid by Purchaser, regardless of any extension of the Offer or any delay in making such payment.
No alternative, conditional or contingent tenders will be accepted. In all cases, payment for Shares tendered and accepted for payment pursuant to
the Offer will be made only after timely receipt by the Depositary of (i) certificates representing such Shares, or timely confirmation of a book-entry
transfer of such Shares into the Depositary’s account at The Depository Trust Company pursuant to the procedures set forth in Section 3—“Procedures
for Accepting the Offer and Tendering Shares” of the Offer to Purchase, (ii) a Letter of Transmittal, properly completed and duly executed, with any
required signature guarantees or an Agent’s Message (as defined in Section 3—“Procedures for Accepting the Offer and Tendering Shares” of the Offer
to Purchase) in connection with book-entry transfer and (iii) any other documents required by the Letter of Transmittal.
Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, Purchaser is required to extend the Offer (i) for successive periods of not more than ten business days each, or
such other number of business days as Parent, Purchaser and Anadigics may agree, in order to permit the satisfaction of all conditions that have not been
satisfied as of the scheduled Expiration Date (subject to Purchaser’s right to waive any condition to the Offer (other than the Minimum Condition) in
accordance with the Merger Agreement), and (ii) for the minimum period required by applicable law or any interpretation or position of the SEC or its staff
or the NASDAQ Stock Market or its staff, provided that Purchaser is not under any circumstance obligated to extend the Offer beyond April 14, 2016.
Shares tendered pursuant to the Offer may be withdrawn at any time prior to the Expiration Date. Thereafter, tenders of Shares are irrevocable.
Shares may also be withdrawn after April 2, 2016, which is the 60th day from the commencement of the Offer, unless such Shares have already been
accepted for payment by Purchaser pursuant to the Offer. For a withdrawal of Shares to be effective, a written notice of withdrawal must be timely
received by the Depositary at one of its addresses set forth on the back cover of the Offer to Purchase. Any such notice of withdrawal must specify the
name of the person who tendered the Shares to be withdrawn, the number of Shares to be withdrawn and the name of the registered holder of such
Shares, if different from that of the person who tendered such Shares. If certificates evidencing the Shares to be withdrawn have been delivered or
otherwise identified to the Depositary, then, prior to the physical release of such certificates, the serial numbers shown on such certificates must be
submitted to the Depositary and the signature(s) on the notice of withdrawal must be guaranteed by an Eligible Institution (as defined in the Offer
to Purchase) unless such Shares have been tendered for the account of an Eligible Institution. If Shares have been tendered pursuant to the procedure
for book-entry transfer as set forth in the Offer to Purchase, any notice of withdrawal must also specify the name and number of the account at The
Depository Trust Company to be credited with the withdrawn Shares. All questions as to the form and validity (including time of receipt) of any
notice of withdrawal will be determined by Purchaser in its sole discretion. None of Parent, Purchaser or any of their respective affiliates or assigns,
the Depositary, the Information Agent (as defined below) or any other person or entity will be under any duty to give any notification of any defects
or irregularities in any notice of withdrawal or incur any liability for failure to give any such notification. Any Shares properly withdrawn will be
considered not to have been validly tendered for purposes of the Offer. However, Shares that have been properly withdrawn may be re-tendered at any
time prior to the Expiration Date or during a subsequent offering period by following one of the procedures described in the Offer to Purchase.
The information required to be disclosed by Rule 14d-6(d)(1) under the Exchange Act is contained in the Offer to Purchase and is incorporated
herein by reference.
Anadigics has provided Purchaser with Anadigics’s stockholder list and security position listing for the purpose of disseminating the Offer to holders
of Shares. The Offer to Purchase and the related Letter of Transmittal and, if required, other relevant materials will be mailed by Purchaser to record
holders of Shares and furnished to brokers, dealers, commercial banks, trust companies and other nominees whose names appear on the stockholder list
or, if applicable, who are listed as participants in a clearing agency’s security position listing, for subsequent transmittal to beneficial owners of Shares.
The receipt of cash for Shares in the Offer or the Merger (or pursuant to the exercise of appraisal rights in accordance with the DGCL) will be a
taxable transaction for United States federal income tax purposes and may also be a taxable transaction under applicable state, local or foreign tax laws.
Stockholders should consult with their tax advisors as to the particular tax consequences of the Offer and the Merger to them, including the applicability
and effect of the alternative minimum tax and any state, local or foreign income and other tax laws and of changes in such tax laws. For a more complete
description of material United States federal income tax consequences of the Offer and the Merger, see Section 5—“Certain Material U.S Federal
Income Tax Consequences of the Offer and the Merger” of the Offer to Purchase.
Any questions and requests for assistance may be directed to Georgeson Inc. (the “Information Agent”) as set forth below. Requests for copies of
Printed and distributed by PressReader
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CO PY R I G H T A N D P R OT E C T E D BY A P P L I C A B L E L AW
the Offer to Purchase and the related Letter of Transmittal and all other tender offer materials may be directed to the Information Agent, and copies
will be furnished promptly at Parent’s expense. Parent and Purchaser will not pay any fees or commissions to any broker, dealer, commercial bank, trust
company or other nominee (other than the Information Agent) for soliciting tenders of Shares pursuant to the Offer. Brokers, dealers, commercial banks,
trust companies or other nominees will, upon request, be reimbursed by Purchaser for customary mailing and handling expenses incurred by them in
forwarding the Offer materials to their customers.
The Information Agent for the Offer is:
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m
480 Washington Boulevard, 26th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07310
All Holders Call Toll Free: (866) 413-5899
Or Via Email: ANADIGICS@georgeson.com
February 2, 2016
B6 N THE NEW YORK TIMES BUSINESS TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 2016
Diesel Scandal Also Raises Concerns for Volkswagen’s In-House Bank
From First Business Page
creditor “has deteriorated quite
significantly,” said Yasmina
Serghini, a senior credit officer at
Moody’s Investors Service,
which downgraded the financial-
services unit one notch to A1
from Aa3 in November. The risk
increases, she said, the longer it
takes Volkswagen to reach agree-
ment with United States regula-
tors on how to make its diesels
compliant with air-quality rules.
Volkswagen admitted in Sep-
tember that 11 million diesel vehi-
cles, including almost 600,000 in
the United States, were pro-
grammed to produce exemplary
emissions readings when being
tested, but to flout the rules at
other times. “The emission crisis
might cause lasting damage to
VW’s once-solid reputation with
adverse effects on its future earn-
ings and cash flows,” Moody’s
warned in a report on Monday.
All large automakers have divi-
sions that provide financing to
car buyers. But Volkswagen was
particularly aggressive in the
way that it used its finance arm
to pursue its earlier ambition,
since abandoned, of becoming
the largest carmaker in the
world.
With €114 billion in loans and
other assets, Volkswagen Finan-
cial Services is considered im-
portant enough to be overseen di-
rectly by the European Central
Bank, rather than solely by local
regulators. The only other car-
company bank to earn that dis-
tinction is RCI Banque, Renault’s
finance unit. They are among 129
banks, out of about 5,500 in the
eurozone, deemed worthy of spe-
cial central-bank scrutiny be-
cause of the possibility they could
damage the broader financial
system if something went wrong.
There are no signs that the
problems of Volkswagen Finan-
cial Services represent a risk of
instability in the eurozone finan-
cial system. Volkswagen is con-
tractually obligated to support
the unit and has enough cash to
do so.
The emissions scandal threat-
ens Volkswagen’s finance unit in
several ways. One is that invest-
ors will demand higher interest
rates on Volkswagen debt and
raise the company’s financing
costs, adding to the already
heavy financial impact from re-
calls, repairs, fines and lawsuits.
Volkswagen would not be able to
pass the higher rates on to buy-
ers without hurting sales.
The banking unit could also
suffer losses on the €14 billion in
credit it has extended to dealers.
If sales slump, some dealers
might not earn enough money to
repay their loans. “The perform-
ance of the dealer loan book is to
A Protest on Privacy
Among Berkeley Faculty
From First Business Page
pion of the free speech move-
ment, so any surveillance is re-
garded as particularly jarring.
For her part, Ms. Napolitano,
who joined the California univer-
sity system in 2013, is no stranger
to computer security policy, hav-
ing served four years as the na-
tion’s Homeland Security chief.
The faculty group of 11 profes-
sors critical of the monitoring
program said the university sys-
tem enacted the program largely
in private, with little transparen-
cy about what data is being col-
lected. The monitoring could
compromise and constrain aca-
demic freedom to research topics
that some find objectionable,
among other repercussions, they
said. In a formal meeting with the
University of California’s chief in-
formation officer in December,
the professors asked for the pro-
gram to be halted.
On Jan. 19, Ms. Napolitano’s
staff responded in a five-page re-
ply declining to do so; the letter
was emailed last Friday to the en-
The headquarters of Volkswagen Financial Services in Braunschweig, Germany. The finance unit’s focus is on VW cars, and low sales could undermine its profit.
a large extent related to the well-
being of the related car manufac-
turer and its brands,” Moody’s
said in a November report.
Values of Volkswagens are al-
ready falling in the United States.
A carmaker was
aggressive in using its
finance unit to further
its ambitions.
Kelley Blue Book estimates that
prices for used Volkswagens
have declined 16 percent since
the scandal became public in Sep-
tember.
Some owners report steeper
losses. Mark Winnett, a drug-de-
velopment team leader for a
pharmaceutical company, was
tire Berkeley faculty and others.
The University of California de-
fended the security initiative as a
measured step under the circum-
stances, and added that “for
cybersecurity purposes, a risk to
what appears to be an isolated
system at only one location may
in some circumstances create
risk across locations or units.”
The university said Ms. Napoli-
tano was not available for an in-
terview. Steve Montiel, press sec-
retary for the president’s office,
said he was not aware of any
complaints from other campuses
about the monitoring program.
The roots of the dispute stretch
back to the attack disclosed last
July at the UCLA Health System,
which potentially put the private
information of 4.5 million patients
at risk. In an interview on Mon-
day, Tom Andriola, chief informa-
tion officer of the University of
California system, said after the
medical center attack the system
administrators had to “move
swiftly” to insure against similar
breaches.
Some faculty members, he ac-
forced to sell his 2014 Jetta in De-
cember when he moved from
Phoenixville, Pa., to a posting in
Shanghai.
Mr. Winnett, 58, paid about
$28,000 for the car in April 2014. A
Volkswagen dealer bought the car
in December 2015 for a little more
than half that amount. Mr. Win-
nett also said the dealer acted as
though he was doing him a favor.
“I felt betrayed,” he said. Even
before suffering the financial hit,
Mr. Winnett said, he was angry at
Volkswagen for marketing diesel
as environmentally friendly. In
fact, the cars emitted as much as
40 times the allowable amount of
nitrogen oxide, a pollutant linked
to lung ailments, according to the
Environmental Protection Agen-
cy.
“We bought the car because we
thought we were doing a good
thing,” Mr. Winnett said.
Frank Fiedler, the chief finan-
cial officer of Volkswagen Finan-
cial Services, said in a statement
knowledged, may have under-
standably felt there was too little
consultation. But Mr. Andriola
said that “moving forward the
faculty will be deeply involved.”
Last Oct. 27, the president’s of-
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that “no effect on the resale value
of vehicles has been established
so far in the majority of the mar-
kets.” The unit has set aside
enough money to cover any
losses that might materialize, Mr.
Fiedler said in a written response
to questions.
Volkswagen does not have any
trouble raising money, he said, al-
though he said that the company
had sometimes had to pay higher
interest rates.
The financial services unit
makes heavy use of asset-backed
securities, bundles of loans sold
to investors who are then entitled
to proceeds from the payments.
The transactions allow Volks-
wagen to raise money for new
loans.
In October, after the scandal
broke, Mr. Fiedler said, Volks-
wagen paid the lowest interest
rate since the financial crisis on
an asset-backed security tied to
Spanish auto loans. But, in a sign
that investors are concerned
fice issued a short statement de-
scribing the new data-tracking
program, called the Coordinated
Monitoring and Threat Response
Initiative. The program’s hard-
ware and software are being sup-
plied and run by an outside con-
tractor, Fidelis Cybersecurity.
The president’s office has set up
a Cyber-Risk Governance Com-
mittee to oversee programs like
the data center monitoring,
which includes a Berkeley repre-
sentative, though not a tenured
faculty member.
The faculty members learned
about the monitoring program
from people who knew it was be-
ing put in place, but who asked
not to be identified because they
were not authorized to disclose
the information. Once alerted, the
faculty group became concerned.
Just what data is being col-
lected and stored in the monitor-
ing program is unclear. The pres-
ident’s office has not explained
the data collection and data use
practices of the program, the
Berkeley professors said.
“The issue here is the lack of
transparency and the lack of
shared governance,” said Greg
Niemeyer, director of the Berke-
ley Center for New Media.
Lawsuits stemming from the
UCLA breach last summer pre-
vent the president’s office from
about the scandal, Volkswagen
had to pay investors about half a
percentage point more in Novem-
ber, compared with a similar is-
sue in May, to get them to buy an
asset-backed security tied to
leased vehicles in Germany.
Volkswagen Financial Services
is also a full-service bank. Its
Volkswagen Bank subsidiary has
retail branches in Germany
where customers can keep check-
ing and savings accounts, in addi-
tion to applying for loans. Credit
agencies consider the retail oper-
ations positive for the unit, be-
cause customer deposits provide
a more stable source of funding
than debt markets, which can be
volatile.
Volkswagen has a separate fi-
nance unit in the United States,
VW Credit. It has a $28 billion
loan portfolio, 90 percent of which
consists of credit to buyers or for
leased vehicles.
In Europe, Volkswagen sales
have not suffered as much as in
ELIZABETH D. HERMAN FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
disclosing details of the monitor-
ing program, according to
Rachael Nava, chief operating of-
ficer of University of California
system, who signed the Jan. 19
letter. In the letter, she said the
legal constraint was “regretta-
ble” because she could not share
A response to a data
breach becomes a
subject of concern.
additional information that
“might correct some of these
misimpressions.”
Mr. Andriola emphasized that
the program monitored network
traffic rather than mining the
contents of email messages, for
example. “This is not spyware,”
he said.
The standard practice at
Berkeley, the professors said, had
been to immediately delete the
so-called log files that show the
websites a person had visited or
the origin and destination of
email traffic. The exception, they
said, was if a pattern of network
use signaled the suspicion of data
theft or a hacker attack. So in the
GORDON WELTERS FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
the United States. That is good
news for Volkswagen Financial
Services, which does three-quar-
ters of its lending in Europe. In
December, sales including other
Volkswagen brands, like SEAT
and Skoda, rose 5 percent in the
European Union to 246,278 vehi-
cles.
That was much slower than the
overall market, which rose 17 per-
cent. And Volkswagen’s market
share in the European Union
slipped to 22 percent from 25 per-
cent, though it was still double
that of the nearest competitor,
PSA Peugeot Citroën.
Whatever happens, Volks-
wagen is likely to keep offering
competitive lending rates to cus-
tomers, although it might cost the
company more to do so. Mr. Fied-
ler of Volkswagen Financial Serv-
ices said that it was in the compa-
ny’s “own interest that we al-
ways offer our customers attrac-
tive financing and leasing condi-
tions.”
Greg Niemeyer of the Berke-
ley Center for New Media
said, “The issue here is the
lack of transparency and the
lack of shared governance.”
past, they said, the monitoring in
Berkeley data centers was light-
touch, and targeted.
The worry, Mr. Niemeyer said,
is that if network traffic logs are
stored, they could be subject to
subpoena. An example, he said,
might be if a foreign student from
China or some other autocratic
nation is visiting the websites of
dissidents or emailing them.
“Before, we could just say that
we just don’t have the records,”
Mr. Niemeyer said. “Now, it’s not
clear we wouldn’t or the third-
party company wouldn’t. That is
the kind of scenario that is not
unlikely.”
Other examples, he said, might
be constraints on academic free-
dom to research topics that some
object to — say, pornography or
Satan worship. Such inquiries, in
theory, could become the target
of congressional investigations
into the use of taxpayers’ money
that supports a major public uni-
versity like Berkeley.
In December, the Berkeley fac-
ulty group met with Mr. Andriola
to voice their concerns and call
for a stop to the monitoring pro-
gram. In the Jan. 19 letter from
Ms. Nava, she stressed the “seri-
ousness of the threat.” The digital
attacks can sometimes jump
from one network to another, she
said.
The Berkeley professors re-
main unpersuaded. Corporations
often monitor the online behavior
of their employees, but American
universities have a different tra-
dition.
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“It’s a pretty settled point that
universities go out of their way
not to monitor students, faculty
and staff,” said Jeffrey MacKie-
Mason, the university librarian at
Berkeley. “Yes, sometimes secu-
rity concerns trump privacy. But
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m
it’s something we should have an
informed discussion about.”
Mr. Andriola said he welcomed
a dialogue with the university
faculty as a whole. “This is not a
technology issue,” he said. “It is
about how to strike a balance be-
tween being a very open uni-
versity while still protecting the
assets of the university from ne-
farious actors.”

Technology Replaces
The Seat-Back Catalog
By MARTHA C. WHITE
Rose Wang, a frequent trav-
eler, is willing to concede that she
sort of misses the kitschy Sky-
Mall catalog and its quirky
roundup of gadgets, pet accesso-
ries and other oddities.
But Ms. Wang, who lives in the
Washington area and is a consult-
ant to government contractors, is
less than enthusiastic about what
she perceives as a creeping in-
flux of retail pitches that she en-
counters while in flight.
“When you get on the enter-
tainment console, there are more
ads, and if you log onto the Wi-Fi,
of course, there’s ads,” she said.
Airlines say they are just giv-
ing passengers what they want:
a chance to shop.
“They’re looking for other
things to entertain themselves,”
said Jamie Perry, vice president
for brand and product develop-
ment at JetBlue Airways.
It’s all made possible with the
advent of Wi-Fi on planes. Short
of a patient in a dentist’s chair,
it’s hard to find a more captive
audience than airline passengers.
When JetBlue added its Fly-Fi
wireless network a little more
than two years ago, Mr. Perry
said the airline initially anticipat-
ed that travelers would mostly be
interested in logging onto social
networks during flights.
“It was a little bit of a surprise
to us, early on, how much time
people spent shopping,” he said.
Airlines are counting on nim-
bler technology and faster, more
The wireless links
that provide in-flight
entertainment also
deliver shopping.
reliable Wi-Fi in the air to deliver
virtual catalogs, promotions and
a host of goods and services.
They are betting that passen-
gers will warm to the idea of
browsing via the seat-back en-
tertainment console or their own
devices at cruising altitude —
and are counting on getting a
piece of what GuestLogix, a trav-
el retailing technology company,
says is a $5 billion annual busi-
ness, either directly or through
affiliate programs.
“Where we’re starting to see
this is in the airlines that have
made the big investments in in-
flight Wi-Fi,” said Michael Reyes,
director of customer centricity at
Sabre Airline Solutions.
“They’ve always been chasing
ways to find new revenues,” he
said. “The big difference now is
the connectivity. They can have a
lot more data piped up to the
plane.”
The onboard retail market is
growing at a 13 percent rate, year
over year, according to Craig
Proud, senior vice president for
platform at GuestLogix.
Slowdown
For Factories
In the U.S.
And China
WASHINGTON (AP) — Fac-
tory activity in the world’s two
biggest economies — the United
States and China — slowed in
January, a discouraging trend for
the global economy.
A separate report indicated a
little more optimism on construc-
tion while another measure
showed that consumers in the
United States kept their spending
flat in December.
Manufacturing in the United
States shrank in January for a
fourth straight month as a strong
dollar and weak demand over-
seas pinched American factories,
the Institute for Supply Manage-
ment said on Monday.
The I.S.M.’s manufacturing in-
dex ticked up to 48.2 from a re-
vised 48 in December, but any
reading below 50 signals a con-
traction. The index has remained
below 50 since September.
Factory exports and employ-
ment fell in January, though new
orders and production grew for
the first time since October.
In China, an official survey
found that manufacturing fell to
its lowest level in more than
three years. The index, based on
a survey of Chinese factory pur-
chasing managers, slipped to 49.4
from 49.7 in December. The Janu-
ary reading was the lowest since
August 2012.
Prospects for the global econ-
omy have been dimmed by Chi-
na’s sharp deceleration, which
“The technology is there,” he
said. “Based on our experience,
the market opportunity is still
really huge, but merchandising is
the key to success.”
In November, LSG Sky Chefs,
an airline catering company and
a division of Lufthansa Group, ac-
quired one of its partners, the
Irish technology company Retail
inMotion, to help it expand into
what it called the “increasingly
important onboard retail busi-
ness.” In a release, LSG Sky
Chefs said its intention was to sell
passengers everything from mer-
chandise to tickets for events or
attractions at the flight’s destina-
tion.
“We see the growth rate much
bigger than the growth of pas-
sengers,” said Stefan Patermann,
Retail inMotion’s chief commer-
cial officer, estimating the
onboard retail market in Europe
alone to be worth about 1 billion
euros, or about $1.09 billion, a
year.
Analysts say this evolution
was only a matter of time: The
unbundling of services and
amenities like food and preferred
seats in coach cabins made the
buy-on-board retail model stand-
ard. At the same time, a fast, un-
broken Wi-Fi connection eases
onboard shopping and allows air-
lines to process credit card trans-
actions in real time.
“Carriers are finding more
ways to push more offers through
that technology,” said Robert W.
Mann, an airline industry con-
sultant.
What airlines see as a new rev-
enue stream, though, some trav-
elers see as an irritant, especially
in a market in which airlines are
already earning eye-popping
profits.
Industry consolidation, fuller
planes and the falling price of oil
combined to deliver nearly $19
billion in profits for the domestic
airline industry in the first three
quarters of 2015, according to the
Department of Transportation.
“Everybody’s pushing retail at
you,” said James Condon, a con-
sultant who lives in the Washing-
ton area and travels frequently
for work. He said that marketing
seemed heaviest on international
flights, where the airline’s win-
dow of time to make pitches to
customers is longest.
Some carriers seek an alterna-
tive to the hard sell. Virgin Amer-
ica goes for a feel-good sentiment
with its in-flight retailing, letting
travelers purchase carbon offsets
to help reduce the environmental
impact of their trips, or make
charitable donations. British Air-
ways and Virgin Atlantic take a
selective approach.
“We’re always looking for be-
spoke and unique products that
are exclusive to Virgin Atlantic,”
a representative for that airline
said via email.
Late last year, JetBlue teamed
up with Amazon to make Ama-
zon’s library of media available to
Prime members as well as to pas-
sengers who sign up for a free
trial or a subscription to the serv-
Construction Spending
Total construction spending at a
seasonally adjusted annual rate.
OCT. NOV. DEC.
–0.6% +0.1%
$1.14 trillion –0.1%
1.08
1.02
0.96
0.90
’14 ’15
Source: Commerce
Department THE NEW YORK TIMES
has, in turn, hurt emerging econ-
omies that have supplied China
with materials.
Bradley Holcomb, chairman of
the I.S.M. survey committee, said
manufacturing in the United
States would most likely remain
weak in coming months, slowed
by the strong dollar and excess
stockpiles of raw materials held
by many companies. That means
they will probably order fewer
goods as they reduce those stock-
piles.
“For now, it’s more of the
same,” Mr. Holcomb said. “New
orders are a bright spot here, and
we’ll hope that continues.”
A report from the Commerce
Department on Monday showed
that construction spending in-
creased 0.1 percent in December
after falling in October and No-
vember.
The increase was driven by
gains in home construction and
spending on government
THE NEW YORK TIMES BUSINESS TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 2016 N B7
ITINERARIES
LUCAS JACKSON/REUTERS
Above, a flier using JetBlue’s
Fly-Fi wireless service in late
2013. Basic service is free, and
passengers can pay for more
speed. Left, The Hub, a Jet-
Blue Internet portal, with a
promotion for J. Crew.
nications at Virgin America, said
that a technology upgrade the
carrier began last year would let
it offer an array of goods and
services, along with promotions
for media and entertainment pro-
viders like Netflix and Spotify.
“It certainly opens up a whole
new range of possibilities,” she
said, adding that Virgin America
wanted to make its offers in an
unobtrusive way.
For travelers like Mr. Condon,
anything that makes the in-flight
VIA JETBLUE offers less obtrusive would be an
improvement. “Frankly, it’s an-
ice, which a surprising number scribe to services, effectively essentially what you’re monetiz- noying,” he said. “Essentially,
do. subsidizing the Wi-Fi and earn- ing is eyeballs,” Mr. Perry said. they’ve taken the SkyMall cata-
“We’ve seen a very high up- ing JetBlue extra revenue. Abby Lunardini, vice president log and put it in electronic for-
take of Amazon Prime from peo- “Once you have a free model, for brand marketing and commu- mat.”
ple who were not previously
Prime,” Mr. Perry said. “It seems
that the carrot of free video
streaming onboard is quite an at-
The Sentient Jet Card is a program of Sentient Jet, LLC (“Sentient”). Sentient arranges flights on behalf of jet card clients with FAR Part 135 direct air carriers that exercise full operational control of charter flights at all times. Flights will be operated by
tractive one.”
FAR Part 135 direct air carriers that have been certified to provide service for Sentient jet card clients and that meet all FAA safety standards and additional safety standards established by Sentient. (Refer to www.sentient.com/standards for details.)
The airline also has promoted a
I fly Sentient Jet.
sweepstakes that passengers en-
ter by signing up for J. Crew’s
mailing list, and giveaways from
Dunkin’ Donuts for joining the
chain’s loyalty program through
JetBlue’s platform. By the middle
of this year, Mr. Perry said, Jet- 866.757.9118
Blue hopes to let members of its
frequent-flier program earn loy- sentient.com
alty points when they shop on
Amazon in flight.
Unlike most other airlines, Jet-
Blue offers its basic Wi-Fi free.
(Passengers can pay for more
speed.) The carrier calculates
that its investment will pay off in
the long run as more people
browse and buy items or sub-
Personal Income
Total personal income before
taxes, at a seasonally adjusted
annual pace.
$16 trillion
15
14
13
12
11
’14 ’15
Personal Income and Spending
In trillions
CHANGE
DEC. FROM NOV.
Income $15.65 +0.3%
Consumption 12.45 Unch.
Source: Commerce
Department THE NEW YORK TIMES
projects. Those advances offset
declines in spending on private
construction of shopping centers,
office buildings and hotels.
For all of 2015, construction
jumped 10.5 percent to $1.1 tril-
New York today, L.A. tomorrow, then home to Connecticut...
lion, the highest total since 2007. My life is always on the go, but I wouldn’t have it any other
Consumers, however, kept
their spending flat in December way. In my line of work, you can’t afford delays or missed
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and instead increased their sav-
ings rate to the highest level in opportunities. Whether getting to my next meeting or
three years. The spending figure
was unchanged in December af- making it home to the kids for bedtime, I am confident in my
ter rising 0.5 percent in Novem-
ber, while incomes increased 0.3 commitments. And for each and every opportunity... I’m there.
percent, according to a report on
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m
Monday from the Bureau of Eco-
nomic Analysis at the Commerce
I fly to seize the moment.
Department. I fly to make the most of my time.
Higher incomes and flat spend-
ing pushed the savings rate to 5.5 I fly Sentient Jet.
percent of after-tax income in De-
cember. That was the highest lev-
el since December 2012. Sensible, intelligent private aviation®
Science Times. Tuesdays.
B8 N THE NEW YORK TIMES BUSINESS TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 2016

In Earnings Debut, Google’s Parent Sets Itself Up to Pass Apple in Value

From First Business Page
they found innumerate ways to
ask two simple questions: How
fast is the traditional Google busi-
ness growing, and how much of
its money will be funneled to-
ward “moonshot” projects like
self-driving cars and drones that
deliver packages?
The revenue rise was attribut-
ed to strong growth in mobile
search and YouTube, which is
significant because investors had
long been looking for signs that
the core search business was
making a smooth transition from
desktop computers to mobile
phones, and that YouTube was
becoming a driver of new growth.
“Above all, our Q4 results show
the great momentum and oppor-
tunity we have in mobile search
and across Google’s range of
businesses,” said Sundar Pichai,
the chief executive of the Google
business, during the call.
Net income was $4.9 billion
versus $4.7 billion for the same
period a year ago, beating Wall
Street expectations. The compa-
ny said its “other bets” category
— the moonshots — had revenue
of $448 million.
Shares of Alphabet were up
more than 5 percent in after-
hours trading.
Google was notorious for its in-
difference to Wall Street. But Al-
phabet has been a model student,
reining in its expenses, using $5
billion of its $73 billion cash hoard
to repurchase company stock
and, with this latest report, giv-
ing investors more insight into
how Google’s core business is
performing.
The new disclosures, combined
with its more investor-friendly
tone and, of course, continued
strong growth in its advertising
business, are the main reasons
Alphabet stock has jumped 43
percent from a year ago, putting
it neck and neck with Apple as
the most valuable company in the
world.
In fact, many Alphabet invest-
ors are hoping that merely dis-
closing new information will give
the stock price an extra lift. In a
recent report, Mark Mahaney, an
analyst at RBC Capital Markets,
called segment reporting “the
most identifiable near-term cata-
lyst in Internet land,” which is to
say that when companies give in-
PETER POWER/REUTERS
vestors more information, it
makes them more eager to buy
in.
The benefit of segment report-
ing for Alphabet and other high-
growth Internet companies is
that when investors are allowed
to take an unvarnished look at
how profitable one side of the
business is, it tends to make them
more forgiving of losses else-
where.
Students used Google Card-
board virtual reality viewers to
take a 3-D “tour” of Canada’s
Parliament last month.
Or at least that was what hap-
pened with Amazon, which re-
cently began separating its retail
operations from the results of its
highly profitable cloud comput-
ing business, and Netflix, which
used segment reporting to show
investors that while it might be
losing money internationally, its
North American streaming busi-
ness is doing well.
Mr. Spencer, of T. Rowe Price,
which holds Alphabet shares,
said he had been happy with Al-
phabet’s progress but wanted the
company to give back more of its
cash pile to investors.
“I would like to see more devel-
opments in terms of capital re-
turn, but not this year,” he said.
“Baby steps with this company.”
Of course, the reality is that, in
revenue terms, nothing about Al-
phabet’s business has changed.
Google began 2015 as a giant ad-
vertising company connected to
a collection of intriguing science
projects. Alphabet ended the
year as a collection of intriguing
science projects connected to a
highly profitable advertising
business.
Advertising continues to ac-
count for the lion’s share of the
company’s revenue, and search
advertising is about three-quar-
ters of total revenue, according to
estimates by Mr. Mahaney. For
now, most everything investors
are excited about also has to do
with advertising.
This includes YouTube, whose
annual revenue is now estimated
at somewhere from $4 billion to
$8 billion, and the Google Play
store, Google’s mobile app store,
which takes a cut of app revenue
but recently started selling in-
store advertisements.
“For a company of this size to
continue to be able to grow at 20
percent a year — that’s pretty re-
markable,” said Ben Schachter,
For Alphabet
investors, the delight
is in the details.
an analyst at Macquarie Securi-
ties.
What about those other bets,
like the self-driving car? Right
now they are just big losses. For
investors, then, this report was
less about the future than it was
about reassuring them that the
old Google is continuing to grow
quickly, and that other products
like YouTube are going to pick up
the growth when search advertis-
ing starts to mature.
If one of the moonshots should
work out, then great. Cherry on
top.

STOCKS & BONDS The Dow Minute by Minute

Position of the Dow Jones industrial average at 1-minute intervals on
Market Mostly Lower After Energy Sector Drop Monday.
16,500

By The Associated Press
The stock market recovered
from steep losses early to close
slightly lower on Monday as in-
vestors looked past another steep
drop in the price of oil and re-
newed concerns about economic
growth in China and the United
States.
Oil and gas companies re-
mained in the red.
The fact that utility and other
high-dividend stocks were
among the better performers
than 0.1 percent, to 1,939.38, and
the Nasdaq composite rose 6.41
points, or 0.1 percent, to 4,620.37.
Stocks had been lower most of
the day after separate reports
showed manufacturing slowing
last month in both the United
States and China. The reports ini-
tially caused a sell-off in com-
modities, notably energy and in-
dustrial metals like copper. The
price of United States benchmark
oil plunged $2, or 5.9 percent, to
$31.62 a barrel in New York. Nat-
J. J. Kinahan, chief strategist at
TD Ameritrade, said part of the
reason dividend stocks did better
than the rest of the market was
speculation that the Federal Re-
serve, faced with a more uncer-
tain economy, would probably
not raise interest rates as fast as
investors had thought at the be-
ginning of the year.
Dividend stocks perform poor-
ly when interest rates are rising,
because the value of the yield on
dividend stocks is worn away as
Monday, following the price of oil
lower. The energy component of 16,450
the S.&P. 500 fell nearly 2 percent,
Previous close
while the performance of the 16,466.30
broader market was nearly flat. 16,400
Southwestern Energy shares
declined 39 cents, or 4.4 percent,
to $8.50, Transocean stock 16,350
dropped 63 cents, or 6 percent, to
$9.79 and Chesapeake Energy fell
18 cents, or 5 percent, to $3.21. 16,300
In other company news, stock 10 a.m. Noon 2 p.m. 4 p.m.
in Alere jumped $16.91, or 45 per-
cent, to $54.11 after Abbott Lab- Source: Reuters THE NEW YORK TIMES

should be seen as a sign that in-
vestors still don’t have much con-
viction behind last week’s gains
and Monday’s recovery, traders
said.
The Dow Jones industrial aver-
age fell 17.12 points, or 0.1 percent,
to 16,449.18 after being down
roughly 150 points earlier in the
day. The Standard & Poor’s 500-
stock index fell 0.86 point, less
ural gas also fell about 7 percent.
But as the trading day drew to
a close, investors began to buy up
utilities and other dividend-pay-
ing stocks. The Dow Jones utility
index, a collection of 15 utility
companies, rose nearly 1 percent
on Monday. Telecommunications
stocks, another traditional divi-
dend play, posted the second-big-
gest gains in the S.&P. 500.
yields rise on bonds and other
dividend-paying investments.
“We’re looking at probably
only two raises this year instead
of four, and that makes dividend
stocks look relatively attractive
again,” Mr. Kinahan said, refer-
ring to the Fed’s adjustment of
interest rates.
Energy stocks, not surprising-
ly, were the biggest losers on
oratories announced it was pur-
chasing the health care company,
which focuses on diagnostics, for
$5.8 billion. Abbott’s shares rose
60 cents, or 2 percent, to $38.45.
United States government
bond prices fell. The yield on the
10-year Treasury note rose to 1.95
percent. The dollar fell to 120.99
yen from 121.05 yen on Friday.
The euro strengthened to $1.0893
from $1.0831.
Prices for precious and indus-
trial metals closed mixed. Gold
rose $11.50 to $1,127.90 an ounce,
silver gained 10 cents to $14.37 an
ounce and copper slipped a pen-
ny to $2.06 a pound.
In other energy trading, whole-
sale gasoline lost 4.9 cents to
close at $1.083 a gallon, heating
oil fell 4.2 cents to $1.037 a gallon
and natural gas lost 2 cents, to
close at $2.14 per 1,000 cubic feet.
Brent crude, a benchmark for in-
ternational oils, fell $1.86, to
$34.13 a barrel.
The Times Book Review,
every Sunday

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P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m
 THE NEW YORK TIMES BUSINESS TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 2016 N B9

MARKET GAUGES
S.&P.
500
D 1,939.38
–0.86
DOW
INDUSTRIALS
D 16,449.18
–17.12
NASDAQ
COMPOSITE
U 4,620.37
+6.41
10-YEAR
TREASURY YIELD U
1.95%
+0.03 OIL D
CRUDE $31.62
–$2.00
GOLD
(N.Y.)
U $1,127.90
+$11.50
THE
EURO
U $1.0893
+$0.0062

Standard & Poor’s 500-Stock Index 3-MONTH TREND Nasdaq Composite Index 3-MONTH TREND Dow Jones Industrial Average 3-MONTH TREND

5,200
18,000
2,100
0% 0% 0%
5,000
2,000 17,000
– 5% 4,800 – 5% – 5%

1,900
4,600 16,000
–10% –10% –10%

1,800 4,400
–15% –15% 15,000 –15%

Nov. Dec. Jan. Nov. Dec. Jan. Nov. Dec. Jan.

When the index follows a white line, it is changing at a constant pace; when it moves into a lighter band, the rate of change is faster.

STOCK MARKET INDEXES MOST ACTIVE, GAINERS AND LOSERS

% 52-Wk YTD % 52-Wk YTD % Volume % Volume % Volume
Index Close Chg Chg % Chg % Chg Index Close Chg Chg % Chg % Chg Stock (TICKER) Close Chg Chg (100) Stock (TICKER) Close Chg Chg (100) Stock (TICKER) Close Chg Chg (100)

DOW JONES NASDAQ 20 MOST ACTIVE 20 TOP GAINERS 20 TOP LOSERS

Industrials 16449.18 ◊ 17.12 ◊ 0.10 ◊ 4.17 ◊ 5.60 Nasdaq 100 4286.56 + 7.39 + 0.17 + 3.33 ◊ 6.68 Bank of Ameri (BAC) 13.96 ◊0.18 ◊1.3 1052005 Alere (ALR) 54.11 +16.91 +45.5 320452 Neos (NEOS) 10.88 ◊2.70 ◊19.9 6742
Transportation 6968.83 + 62.07 + 0.90 ◊ 19.43 ◊ 7.19 Composite 4620.37 + 6.41 + 0.14 ◊ 0.32 ◊ 7.73 Twitter (TWTR) 17.91 +1.11 +6.6 498960 Questar (STR) 24.99 +4.60 +22.6 209315 TimkenSteel (TMST) 7.36 ◊1.65 ◊18.3 39351
Utilities 616.43 + 5.08 + 0.83 ◊ 3.26 + 6.68 Industrials 3825.23 ◊ 4.09 ◊ 0.11 + 3.51 ◊ 6.73 Pfizer (PFE) 30.17 ◊0.32 ◊1.0 474442 Amaya INC (AYA) 12.93 +2.37 +22.4 20262 Avalanche (AAVL) 5.22 ◊0.78 ◊13.0 6503
Banks 2569.98 ◊ 8.67 ◊ 0.34 + 5.37 ◊ 9.92 Facebook (FB) 115.09 +2.88 +2.6 459253 Mimecast (MIME) 9.21 +1.62 +21.3 2560 Ability (ABIL) 7.61 ◊0.94 ◊11.0 383
Composite 5736.46 + 18.70 + 0.33 ◊ 8.55 ◊ 4.05
Microsoft (MSFT) 54.71 ◊0.38 ◊0.7 438538 Aquinox Phar (AQXP) 12.57 +2.08 +19.8 6002 Edge (EDGE) 9.93 ◊1.18 ◊10.6 963
Insurance 6941.67 ◊ 4.50 ◊ 0.06 + 7.64 ◊ 3.91 6.62
GE (GE) 28.64 ◊0.46 ◊1.6 431212 MoneyGram Int (MGI) 6.18 +0.88 +16.6 12494 Nabors Inds (NBR) ◊0.74 ◊10.1 87631
STANDARD AND POOR’S Other Finance 5106.31 ◊ 14.59 ◊ 0.28 ◊ 6.80 ◊ 8.53 Apple (AAPL) 96.43 ◊0.91 ◊0.9 407999 Internet Gol (IGLD) 11.63 +1.64 +16.4 518 Colliers Int (CIGI) 38.92 ◊4.35 ◊10.1 1252
100 Stocks 866.62 ◊ 1.72 ◊ 0.20 ◊ 1.05 ◊ 4.92 Telecommunications 228.47 ◊ 1.11 ◊ 0.48 ◊ 12.15 ◊ 8.97 Kinder Morgan (KMI) 15.19 ◊1.26 ◊7.7 393104 MFRI (MFRI) 7.42 +1.02 +15.9 686 Otelco (OTEL) 5.14 ◊0.56 ◊9.8 243
500 Stocks 1939.38 ◊ 0.86 ◊ 0.04 ◊ 2.79 ◊ 5.12 Computer 2488.89 + 6.39 + 0.26 + 4.77 ◊ 4.50 Ford Motor (F) 12.07 +0.13 +1.1 371550 Sinovac Biote (SVA) 5.80 +0.78 +15.5 5295 Novocure (NVCR) 11.29 ◊1.19 ◊9.5 3871
Mid-Cap 400 1316.95 ◊ 0.79 ◊ 0.06 ◊ 8.23 ◊ 5.84 Weatherfor (WFT) 6.33 ◊0.41 ◊6.1 366659 Eros (EROS) 10.12 +1.33 +15.1 15189 NewStar Fin (NEWS) 6.94 ◊0.72 ◊9.4 545
Small-Cap 600 627.84 ◊ 2.11 ◊ 0.33 ◊ 6.35 ◊ 6.54 OTHER INDEXES AT&T (T) 36.18 +0.12 +0.3 333438 Accuray (ARAY) 6.12 +0.79 +14.8 30692 Whiting Petro (WLL) 6.66 ◊0.69 ◊9.4 161807
American Exch 2079.10 ◊ 6.12 ◊ 0.29 ◊ 14.51 ◊ 3.26 Alere (ALR) 54.11 +16.91 +45.5 320452 Tsquare Media (TSQ) 10.73 +1.33 +14.1 1689 Tandem Diabe (TNDM) 8.17 ◊0.84 ◊9.3 1771
NEW YORK Wilshire 5000 19917.84 ◊ 8.26 ◊ 0.04 ◊ 5.43 ◊ 5.91 Verizon (VZ) 50.76 +0.79 +1.6 285093 Psychemedics (PMD) 10.71 +1.32 +14.1 449 Vuzix (VUZI) 5.19 ◊0.52 ◊9.1 1803
Alcoa (AA) 7.21 ◊0.08 ◊1.1 265361 Attunity (ATTU) 7.00 +0.76 +12.2 1193 OFG Bn (OFG) 5.14 ◊0.48 ◊8.5 13928
STOCK EXCHANGE Value Line Arith 4065.94 ◊ 9.99 ◊ 0.25 ◊ 10.57 ◊ 6.72
Micron Tech (MU) 10.96 ◊0.07 ◊0.6 258140 PGT (PGTI) 10.99 +1.19 +12.1 7631 Dimension (DMTX) 7.14 ◊0.66 ◊8.5 331
NYSE Comp. 9616.69 ◊ 16.01 ◊ 0.17 ◊ 8.74 ◊ 5.19 Russell 2000 1032.39 ◊ 2.99 ◊ 0.29 ◊ 11.41 ◊ 9.11 Regions Fincl (RF) 7.94 ◊0.18 ◊2.2 245940 Bancorp (TBBK) 5.00 +0.50 +11.1 2703 Enanta Pharm (ENTA) 23.54 ◊2.16 ◊8.4 4119
Tech/Media/Telecom 7040.61 + 25.24 + 0.36 ◊ 5.00 ◊ 1.78 Phila Gold & Silver 47.36 + 1.40 + 3.05 ◊ 40.35 + 4.55 Cisco System (CSCO) 23.48 ◊0.31 ◊1.3 240050 Barracuda (CUDA) 11.75 +1.17 +11.1 23082 Kforce (KFRC) 20.45 ◊1.85 ◊8.3 5575
Energy 8853.86 ◊ 178.36 ◊ 1.97 ◊ 25.81 ◊ 5.24 Phila Semiconductor 616.60 + 2.92 + 0.48 ◊ 5.59 ◊ 7.07 Rite Aid (RAD) 7.92 +0.13 +1.7 224597 bluebird bio (BLUE) 45.75 +4.39 +10.6 16935 Apollo Educa (APOL) 7.30 ◊0.64 ◊8.1 25216
Financial 5705.08 ◊ 38.86 ◊ 0.68 ◊ 9.50 ◊ 9.52 KBW Bank 63.25 ◊ 0.61 ◊ 0.96 ◊ 5.23 ◊ 13.45 Citigroup (C) 42.48 ◊0.10 ◊0.2 220273 Ultragenyx (RARE) 62.01 +5.86 +10.4 9575 Regenxbio (RGNX) 12.82 ◊1.08 ◊7.8 1085
Healthcare 11798.23 + 19.69 + 0.17 ◊ 2.62 ◊ 4.74 Phila Oil Service 144.04 ◊ 4.01 ◊ 2.71 ◊ 23.06 ◊ 8.68 HP (HPQ) 9.97 +0.26 +2.7 212300 Collegium Ph (COLL) 18.75 +1.72 +10.1 8594 Performance S (PSG) 6.60 ◊0.55 ◊7.7 3695

S&P 100 STOCKS

52-Week Price Range 1-Day 1-Yr YTD 52-Week Price Range 1-Day 1-Yr YTD 52-Week Price Range 1-Day 1-Yr YTD 52-Week Price Range 1-Day 1-Yr YTD
Stock (TICKER) Low Close (•) High Close Chg %Chg % Chg Stock (TICKER) Low Close (•) High Close Chg %Chg % Chg Stock (TICKER) Low Close (•) High Close Chg %Chg % Chg Stock (TICKER) Low Close (•) High Close Chg %Chg % Chg
3M (MMM) 134.00 170.50 148.73 ◊ 2.27 ◊ 8.36 ◊ 1.3 Chevron (CVX) 69.58 112.93 85.29 ◊ 1.18 ◊ 16.81 ◊ 5.2 Home Depot (HD) 92.17 135.47 126.51 + 0.75 + 21.15 ◊ 4.3 Priceline (PCLN) 994 1477 1085 + 19.90 + 7.47 ◊ 14.9
Abbott (ABT) 36.00 51.74 38.45 + 0.60 ◊ 14.10 ◊ 14.4 Cisco Syst (CSCO) 22.47 30.31 23.48 ◊ 0.31 ◊ 10.94 ◊ 13.5 Honeywell (HON) 87.00 107.41 102.88 ◊ 0.32 + 5.24 ◊ 0.7 Procter Ga (PG) 65.02 86.78 81.12 ◊ 0.57 ◊ 3.76 + 2.2
AbbVie (ABBV) 45.45 71.60 54.39 ◊ 0.51 ◊ 9.88 ◊ 8.2 Citigroup (C) 39.44 60.95 42.48 ◊ 0.10 ◊ 9.52 ◊ 17.9 IBM (IBM) 118.00 176.30 124.83 + 0.04 ◊ 18.58 ◊ 9.3 Qualcomm (QCOM) 43.47 74.09 46.11 + 0.77 ◊ 26.18 ◊ 7.8
Accenture (ACN) 83.47 109.86 106.28 + 0.74 + 26.48 + 1.7 Coca- Cola (KO) 36.56 43.91 43.00 + 0.08 + 4.44 + 0.1 Intel (INTC) 24.87 35.59 30.82 ◊ 0.20 ◊ 6.72 ◊ 10.5 Raytheon (RTN) 95.32 129.99 125.55 ◊ 2.69 + 25.49 + 0.8
AIG (AIG) 48.75 64.93 56.29 ◊ 0.19 + 15.18 ◊ 9.2 Colgate (CL) 50.84 71.56 66.20 ◊ 1.33 ◊ 1.95 ◊ 0.6 Johnson&Jo (JNJ) 81.79 105.49 104.37 ◊ 0.07 + 4.22 + 1.6 Schlumberg (SLB) 59.60 95.13 71.46 ◊ 0.81 ◊ 13.27 + 2.5
Allergan (AGN) 237.50 340.34 282.70 ◊ 1.73 + 6.06 ◊ 9.5 Comcast (CMCSA) 50.01 64.99 55.81 + 0.10 + 5.01 ◊ 1.1 JPMorgan (JPM) 50.07 70.61 58.86 ◊ 0.64 + 8.24 ◊ 10.9 Simon Prop (SPG) 170.99 208.14 187.93 + 1.65 ◊ 5.40 ◊ 3.4
Allstate (ALL) 54.12 72.87 60.53 ◊ 0.07 ◊ 13.27 ◊ 2.5 ConocoPhil (COP) 32.71 70.11 38.60 ◊ 0.48 ◊ 38.71 ◊ 17.3 Kinder Mor (KMI) 11.20 44.71 15.19 ◊ 1.26 ◊ 63.00 + 1.8 Southern C (SO) 41.40 52.49 49.90 + 0.98 ◊ 1.62 + 6.7
Alphabet (GOOGL) 518.18 798.69 770.77 + 9.42 + 43.39 ◊ 0.9 Costco Who (COST) 117.03 169.73 151.25 + 0.13 + 9.28 ◊ 6.4 Lockheed (LMT) 181.91 227.91 209.80 ◊ 1.20 + 11.38 ◊ 3.4 Starbucks (SBUX) 42.05 99.20 61.40 + 0.63 + 40.29 + 2.3
Alphabet (GOOG) 515.18 779.98 752.00 + 9.05 N.A. N.A. CVS Health (CVS) 81.37 113.65 97.32 + 0.73 ◊ 0.86 ◊ 0.5 Lowes (LOW) 64.22 78.13 72.66 + 1.00 + 7.23 ◊ 4.5 Synchrony (SYF) 26.28 36.40 28.47 + 0.05 ◊ 7.74 ◊ 6.4
Altria Gro (MO) 47.31 61.74 60.94 ◊ 0.17 + 14.76 + 4.7 Devon Ener (DVN) 19.69 70.48 26.06 ◊ 1.84 ◊ 56.76 ◊ 18.6 MasterCard (MA) 74.61 101.76 88.63 ◊ 0.40 + 8.05 ◊ 9.0 Target (TGT) 66.46 85.81 72.83 + 0.41 ◊ 1.06 + 0.3
Amazon.com (AMZN) 340.74 696.44 574.81 ◊ 12.19 + 62.13 ◊ 15.0 Dow (DOW) 35.11 57.10 42.58 + 0.58 ◊ 5.71 ◊ 17.3 McDonalds (MCD) 87.50 124.83 124.61 + 0.83 + 34.80 + 5.5 Texas Inst (TXN) 43.49 59.99 52.83 ◊ 0.10 ◊ 1.16 ◊ 3.6
American E (AXP) 52.15 86.18 54.70 + 1.20 ◊ 32.21 ◊ 21.4 Du Pont (DD) 47.11 80.65 53.30 + 0.54 ◊ 21.21 ◊ 20.0 Medtronic (MDT) 55.54 79.50 76.85 + 0.93 + 7.63 ◊ 0.1 Time Warne (TWX) 62.94 91.34 72.35 + 1.91 ◊ 7.16 + 11.9
Amgen (AMGN) 130.09 181.81 152.75 + 0.02 + 0.32 ◊ 5.9 Eli Lilly (LLY) 68.31 92.85 78.40 ◊ 0.70 + 8.89 ◊ 7.0 Merck & Co (MRK) 45.69 61.93 50.75 + 0.08 ◊ 15.81 ◊ 3.9 Twenty-Fir (FOX) 22.85 34.81 27.11 + 0.01 ◊ 14.88 ◊ 0.4
Anadarko P (APC) 28.16 95.94 38.25 ◊ 0.84 ◊ 53.21 ◊ 21.3 EMC US (EMC) 22.66 29.24 24.52 ◊ 0.25 ◊ 5.44 ◊ 4.5 MetLife (MET) 40.77 58.23 44.28 ◊ 0.37 ◊ 4.77 ◊ 8.2 Twenty-Fir (FOXA) 22.81 35.85 26.97 0.00 ◊ 18.67 ◊ 0.7
Apple (AAPL) 92.00 134.54 96.43 ◊ 0.91 ◊ 17.69 ◊ 8.4 Emerson El (EMR) 41.25 62.75 45.50 ◊ 0.48 ◊ 20.09 ◊ 4.9 Microsoft (MSFT) 39.72 56.85 54.71 ◊ 0.38 + 35.42 ◊ 1.4 Union Paci (UNP) 67.06 124.52 73.09 + 1.09 ◊ 37.64 ◊ 6.5
AT&T (T) 30.97 36.45 36.18 + 0.12 + 9.90 + 5.1 Exelon (EXC) 25.09 37.00 30.00 + 0.43 ◊ 16.76 + 8.0 Mondelez I (MDLZ) 33.97 48.58 42.73 ◊ 0.37 + 21.25 ◊ 4.7 United Par (UPS) 87.30 107.32 94.08 + 0.88 ◊ 4.82 ◊ 2.2
Bank of Am (BAC) 12.94 18.48 13.96 ◊ 0.18 ◊ 7.85 ◊ 17.1 Exxon Mobi (XOM) 66.55 93.45 76.29 ◊ 1.56 ◊ 12.73 ◊ 2.1 Monsanto (MON) 81.22 126.00 90.13 ◊ 0.47 ◊ 23.61 ◊ 8.5 UnitedHeal (UNH) 95.00 126.21 115.89 + 0.73 + 9.07 ◊ 1.5
Berkshire (BRKb) 123.90 151.63 128.66 ◊ 1.11 ◊ 10.60 ◊ 2.6 Facebook (FB) 72.00 115.72 115.09 + 2.88 + 51.61 + 10.0 Morgan Sta (MS) 24.67 41.04 25.71 ◊ 0.17 ◊ 23.96 ◊ 19.2 US Bancorp (USB) 37.97 46.26 39.80 ◊ 0.26 ◊ 5.03 ◊ 6.7
Biogen (BIIB) 254.00 480.18 273.45 + 0.39 ◊ 29.73 ◊ 10.7 FedEx (FDX) 119.71 185.19 132.31 ◊ 0.57 ◊ 21.76 ◊ 11.2 Nike (NKE) 45.35 68.19 63.16 + 1.15 + 36.93 + 1.1 UTC (UTX) 83.39 124.45 87.56 ◊ 0.13 ◊ 23.71 ◊ 8.9
BlackRock (BLK) 275.00 382.84 312.25 ◊ 2.01 ◊ 8.30 ◊ 8.3 Ford Motor (F) 10.44 16.74 12.07 + 0.13 ◊ 17.95 ◊ 14.3 Norfolk So (NSC) 66.51 112.05 70.19 ◊ 0.31 ◊ 31.17 ◊ 17.0 Verizon (VZ) 38.06 51.02 50.76 + 0.79 + 11.05 + 9.8
Boeing (BA) 115.02 158.83 121.56 + 1.43 ◊ 16.38 ◊ 15.9 GE (GE) 19.37 31.49 28.64 ◊ 0.46 + 19.88 ◊ 8.1 Occidental (OXY) 58.24 83.74 66.56 ◊ 2.27 ◊ 16.80 ◊ 1.6 Visa (V) 60.00 278.65 74.38 ◊ 0.11 + 16.72 ◊ 4.1
BONY Mello (BK) 34.24 45.45 35.50 ◊ 0.72 ◊ 1.39 ◊ 13.9 General Dy (GD) 121.61 153.76 133.62 ◊ 0.15 + 0.31 ◊ 2.7 Oracle (ORCL) 33.13 45.24 36.32 + 0.01 ◊ 13.30 ◊ 0.6 Wal Mart (WMT) 56.30 88.00 67.50 + 1.14 ◊ 20.57 + 10.1
Bristol-My (BMY) 51.82 70.87 60.82 ◊ 1.34 + 0.91 ◊ 11.6 Gilead Sci (GILD) 82.28 123.37 84.05 + 1.05 ◊ 19.82 ◊ 16.9 PayPal Hld (PYPL) 30.00 42.55 37.08 + 0.94 N.A. + 2.4 Walgreens (WBA) 73.00 97.30 80.07 + 0.35 + 8.57 ◊ 6.0
Capital On (COF) 58.49 92.10 65.01 ◊ 0.61 ◊ 11.20 ◊ 9.9 GM (GM) 24.62 38.99 30.11 + 0.47 ◊ 7.69 ◊ 11.5 PepsiCo (PEP) 76.48 103.44 99.03 ◊ 0.27 + 5.60 ◊ 0.9 Walt Disne (DIS) 90.00 122.08 95.15 ◊ 0.67 + 4.61 ◊ 9.5
Caterpilla (CAT) 56.36 89.62 62.70 + 0.46 ◊ 21.60 ◊ 7.7 Goldman Sa (GS) 151.12 218.77 159.65 ◊ 1.91 ◊ 7.40 ◊ 11.4 Pfizer (PFE) 28.47 36.46 30.17 ◊ 0.32 ◊ 3.46 ◊ 6.5 Wells Farg (WFC) 46.88 58.77 49.94 ◊ 0.29 ◊ 3.81 ◊ 8.1
Celgene (CELG) 92.98 140.72 100.80 + 0.48 ◊ 15.41 ◊ 15.8 Halliburto (HAL) 27.64 50.20 31.62 ◊ 0.17 ◊ 20.93 ◊ 7.1 PMI (PM) 75.27 90.31 89.41 ◊ 0.60 + 11.43 + 1.7

Prices shown are for regular trading for the New York Stock Exchange and the American Stock Exchange which runs from 9:30 a.m., Eastern time, through the close of the Pacific Exchange, at 4:30 p.m. For the Nasdaq stock market, it is through 4 p.m. Close Last trade of the day in regular trading. + – indicates stocks
· or ·
that reached a new 52-week high or low. Change Difference between last trade and previous day’s price in regular trading. „ or ‰ indicates stocks that rose or fell at least 4 percent. ” indicates stocks that traded 1 percent or more of their outstanding shares. n Stock was a new issue in the last year.

FINRA TRACE CORPORATE BOND DATA GOVERNMENT BONDS

Yields 52-Week Total Returns Market Breadth Yield Curve Key Rates Most Recent Issues
FINRA-BLOOMBERG FINRA-BLOOMBERG All Investment High Yest. 1-mo. ago 1-yr. ago 10-year Treas. Prime Rate
CORPORATE BOND INDEXES CORPORATE BOND INDEXES Issues Grade Yield Conv 2-year Treas. Fed Funds Mat. Date Rate Bid Ask Chg Yield
4% 4%
10% high yield +8.70% + 5% invest. gr. –2.73% Total Issues Traded 7,100 4,889 2,016 195 T-BILLS
Advances 2,928 1,976 851 101 3-mo. Apr 16 ◊ ◊ 0.31 0.30 –0.01 0.32
Declines 3,785 2,764 933 88 3 3 6-mo. Jul 16 ◊ ◊ 0.45 0.44 +0.01 0.43
8 Unchanged 153 44 107 2
0 52 Week High 103 72 30 1 BONDS & NOTES
52 Week Low 507 330 161 16 2 2 2-yr. Jan 18 } ◊ 99.90 99.91 –0.05 0.78
Dollar Volume* 22,310 15,352 6,246 711 5-yr. Jan 21 1] ◊ 100.04 100.05 –0.18 1.33
6 10-yr. Nov 25 2ü ◊ 102.66 102.67 –0.25 1.92
– 5 End of day data. Activity as reported to FINRA TRACE. 30-yr. Nov 45 3.000 ◊ 104.77 104.80 –0.36 2.75
Market breadth represents activity in all TRACE eligible 1 1
4 publicly traded securities. Shown below are the most TREASURY INFLATION BONDS
active fixed-coupon bonds ranked by par value traded.
5-yr. Apr 20 [ ◊ 100.09 100.19 –0.21 0.05
–10 Investment grade or high-yield is determined using 0 Maturity 0 10-yr. Jan 26 | ◊ 100.70 100.84 –0.28 0.52
2 credit ratings as outlined in FINRA rules. “C” – Yield is
20-yr. Jan 29 2ø ◊ 120.48 120.73 –0.27 0.81
unavailable because of issue’s call criteria. 3 6 2 5 10 30 2015 30-yr. Feb 45 } ◊ 89.48 89.79 –0.45 1.16
*Par value in millions.
0 invest. grade +4.16% –15 high yield –10.22% Source: FINRA TRACE data. Reference information from Source: Thomson Reuters
Reuters DataScope Data. Credit ratings from Moody’s,
Months Years Source: Thomson Reuters
2015 2015 Standard & Poor’s and Fitch.

Some charts may contain previous close.

FOREIGN EXCHANGE
Most Active Foreign Currency Dollars in Foreign Currency Dollars in
Credit Rating Price
Issuer Name (SYMBOL) Coupon% Maturity Moody’s S&P Fitch High Low Last Chg Yld% in Dollars Foreign Currency in Dollars Foreign Currency

AMERICAS ASIA/PACIFIC
INVESTMENT GRADE
Argentina (Peso) .0709 14.1109 One Dollar in Euros Australia (Dollar) .7106 1.4073
One Dollar in Yen
At&t Inc (T) 4.125 Feb’26 NR A– 101.917 99.524 100.048 –0.162 N.A. Bolivia (Boliviano) .1458 6.8600 1.00 euros $1 = 0.9180 China (Yuan) .1520 6.5778 126 yen $1 = 120.99
Anheuser-busch Inbev Fin Inc (BUD) 4.900 Feb’46 NR A– 104.883 101.258 103.481 1.755 4.681 Brazil (Real) .2524 3.9617 Hong Kong (Dollar) .1286 7.7785
At&t Inc (T) 5.650 Feb’47 NR A– 101.080 99.303 100.047 –0.227 N.A. Canada (Dollar) .7179 1.3929 India (Rupee) .0147 67.8610
Anheuser-busch Inbev Fin Inc (BUD) 3.650 Feb’26 NR A– 103.176 100.622 102.624 1.294 3.332 Chile (Peso) .0014 710.65 0.95 Japan (Yen) .0083 120.99
124
Industrial & Coml Bk China Ltd Ny Brh Me (IDCBY) 2.905 Nov’20 A1 A 101.674 101.372 101.380 0.350 2.595 Colombia (Peso) .0003 3322.2 Malaysia (Ringgit) .2410 4.1500
At&t Inc (T) 3.600 Feb’23 NR A– 100.877 99.576 99.667 –0.319 N.A. Dom. Rep. (Peso) .0220 45.4200 122
New Zealand (Dollar) .6544 1.5281
At&t Inc (T) 3.400 May’25 Baa1 BBB+ A– 97.894 94.000 97.304 0.875 3.746
At&t Inc (T) 2.800 Feb’21 NR A– 100.885 99.679 99.837 –0.111 N.A.
El Salvador (Colon) .1147 8.7220 0.90 Pakistan (Rupee) .0095 104.80
Guatemala (Quetzal) .1304 7.6700 Philippines (Peso) .0210 47.6900 120
Anadarko Pete Corp (APC.HE) 5.950 Sep’16 Baa2 BBB BBB 102.440 101.150 102.000 0.392 2.639
Honduras (Lempira) .0447 22.3500 Singapore (Dollar) .7030 1.4224
Jpmorgan Chase & Co (JPM.SCH) 3.150 Jul’16 A3 A– A+ 101.142 100.800 101.057 0.035 0.622
Mexico (Peso) .0548 18.2400 0.85 So. Korea (Won) .0008 1202.7
118
Nicaragua (Cordoba) .0371 26.9700 Taiwan (Dollar) .0299 33.3900
HIGH YIELD Paraguay (Guarani) .0002 5900.0 Thailand (Baht) .0281 35.5600
Bonanza Creek Energy Inc (BCEI) 5.750 Feb’23 B3 CCC+ NR 38.206 35.750 36.000 0.000 26.136 Peru (New Sol) .2872 3.4825 0.80 Vietnam (Dong) .00004 22258 116
California Res Corp (OXY) 5.000 Jan’20 Caa3 CCC+ NR 22.200 19.500 19.500 –0.500 60.763 Uruguay (New Peso) .0322 31.0300
Denbury Res Inc Del (DNR) 4.625 Jul’23 B1 B NR 33.749 32.050 32.500 0.062 25.058 Venezuela (Bolivar) .1591 6.2842 2015 2015
MIDDLE EAST/AFRICA
Precision Drilling Corp (PDS) 5.250 Nov’24 Ba2 BB NR 57.250 56.500 57.250 –0.875 13.791 Bahrain (Dinar) 2.6616 .3757
Williams Clayton Energy Inc (CWEI.AA) 7.750 Apr’19 Caa1 CCC+ NR 53.250 52.750 53.250 –0.250 32.461 EUROPE Lebanon (Pound) .0007 1507.2
Norway (Krone) .1151 8.6845 Egypt (Pound) .1277 7.8300
Manitowoc Inc (MTW) 5.875 Oct’22 B2 BB– NR 106.625 105.750 105.875 –0.375 3.949 Britain (Pound) 1.4438 .6926 Saudi Arabia (Riyal) .2668 3.7475
Poland (Zloty) .2479 4.0344 Iran (Rial) .00003 29768
Sprint Nextel Corp (SFTBF) 6.000 Dec’16 Caa1 B+ B+ 100.797 97.102 99.500 0.347 6.619 So. Africa (Rand) .0628 15.9235
Czech Rep (Koruna) .0403 24.7860 Russia (Ruble) .0129 77.2643 Israel (Shekel) .2530 3.9518
Hca Inc (HCA.NW) 6.500 Feb’20 Ba1 BBB– BB+ 110.250 109.750 110.160 0.035 3.759 U.A.E (Dirham) .2723 3.6727
Denmark (Krone) .1460 6.8497 Sweden (Krona) .1173 8.5282 Jordan (Dinar) 1.4128 .7078
Energy Transfer Equity L P (ETE) 5.500 Jun’27 Ba2 BB BB+ 70.250 68.750 68.750 –2.250 10.218
Europe (Euro) 1.0893 .9180 Switzerland (Franc) .9815 1.0189 Kenya (Shilling) .0098 102.30
Crown Americas Llc (CCK.GR) 6.250 Feb’21 Ba3 BB– NR 103.531 103.350 103.400 –0.100 4.782 Prices as of 4:45 p.m. Eastern Time.
Hungary (Forint) .0035 284.85 Turkey (Lira) .3395 2.9459 Kuwait (Dinar) 3.3063 .3025
Source: Thomson Reuters
CONVERTIBLES
Alere Inc (ALR.AG) 3.000 May’16 NR CCC+ NR 123.300 122.465 123.220 21.720 –64.389
Cobalt Intl Energy Inc (CIE) 3.125 May’24 NR CCC– NR 42.991 41.125 42.991 0.616 15.629
Ctrip Com Intl Ltd (CTRP)
Twitter Inc (TWTR)
1.250
1.000
Oct’18
Sep’21
NR NR
BB–
NR
NR
126.751
85.250
125.656
82.336
125.656
83.500
–0.528
1.500
–7.196
4.343
FUTURES
Lam Resh Corp (LRCX) 1.250 May’18 NR BBB NR 136.526 133.100 135.625 –0.095 –11.882 Monetary
Proofpoint Inc (PFPT) 1.250 Dec’18 NR NR NR 137.753 135.822 137.753 –4.944 –9.837 units per Lifetime Open Crude Oil
Future Exchange quantity High Low Date Open High Low Settle Change Interest $70 $31.62 a barrel
Uti Worldwide Inc (DSDVY) 4.500 Mar’19 NR NR NR 100.575 100.530 100.575 –0.050 4.297
Priceline Group Inc (PCLN) 0.350 Jun’20 NR BBB+ NR 111.332 110.490 111.110 1.110 –2.069 Corn CBT ¢/bushel 512.00 348.50 Mar 16 371.00 371.75 367.75 371.25 ◊ 0.75 603,521
Cenveo Corp (CVO) 7.000 May’17 NR NR NR 50.375 50.000 50.000 –4.875 73.454 Soybeans CBT ¢/bushel 1210.75 847.00 Mar 16 883.00 883.25 876.00 880.75 ◊ 1.50 300,555
Ryland Group Inc (CAA) 1.625 May’18 Ba2 BB NR 119.227 119.102 119.227 –1.828 –6.102 Wheat CBT ¢/bushel 768.00 456.00 Mar 16 476.25 477.00 471.25 475.25 ◊ 4.00 208,395 60
Live Cattle CME ¢/lb 159.50 123.05 Apr 16 134.48 134.93 133.20 134.43 + 0.43 115,985
Hogs-Lean CME ¢/lb 78.00 59.23 Apr 16 70.88 71.13 69.83 70.70 0.00 74,742 50
Cocoa NYBOT $/ton 3429.00 2650.00 Mar 16 2765.00 2875.00 2744.00 2868.00 + 107.00 75,508
Coffee NYBOT ¢/lb 230.75 111.05 Mar 16 115.80 117.95 114.95 117.75 + 1.40 82,897
Sugar-World NYBOT ¢/lb 20.13 11.28 Mar 16 13.21 13.40 12.73 12.83 ◊ 0.31 293,072 40
CONSUMER RATES ECONOMIC INDICATORS
Yesterday Gold COMX $/oz 1308.00 1046.60 Apr 16 1118.00 1130.20 1115.30 1127.90 + 11.60 261,834
Change from last week Silver COMX $/oz 18.09 13.62 Mar 16 14.26 14.42 14.20 14.34 + 0.10 107,319 30
Hi Grade Copper COMX $/lb 3.13 1.94 Mar 16 2.06 2.07 2.03 2.06 ◊ 0.01 122,574
Up Flat Down
1-year range
Light Sweet Crude NYMX $/bbl 93.15 27.56 Mar 16 33.83 34.18 31.29 31.62 ◊ 2.00 599,412 20
Heating Oil NYMX $/gal 2.85 0.86 Mar 16 1.08 1.09 1.02 1.04 ◊ 0.04 104,132
Natural Gas NYMX $/mil.btu 7.11 1.91 Mar 16 2.21 2.23 2.13 2.15 ◊ 0.15 276,450 2015
Home Year
Mortgages Friday
Monday Ago 0% 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 5-YEAR HISTORY Key to exchanges: CBT-Chicago Board of Trade. CME-Chicago Mercantile Exchange. CMX-Comex division of NYM. KC-Kansas City Board of Trade. NYBOT-New York Board of
Trade. NYM-New York Mercantile Exchange. Open interest is the number of contracts outstanding.
Federal funds 0.29% 0.06% Source: Thomson Reuters
Real Economic Growth +6%
Prime rate 3.50 3.25 Change from previous quarter,
15-yr fixed 2.83 2.90 annualized; seasonally adj.
MUTUAL FUNDS SPOTLIGHT: INTERNATIONAL BONDS
15-yr fixed jumbo 3.76 4.08 4th quarter ’15 +0.7% –2
3rd quarter ’15 +2.0 ’11 ’15 % Total Returns Exp. Assets % Total Returns Exp. Assets
30-yr fixed 3.76 3.79 Fund Name (TICKER) Type YTD 1 Yr 5 Yr* Ratio (mil.$)
Fund Name (TICKER) Type YTD 1 Yr 5 Yr* Ratio (mil.$)
30-yr fixed jumbo 4.12 4.31 LARGEST FUNDS LEADERS
5/1 adj. rate 3.10 3.23
Consumer Price Index +4%
Templeton Global Bond Adv(TGBAX) IB ◊0.7 ◊4.3 +2.5 0.63 28,343 Fidelity Series Emerging Mkts Debt F(FEDFX) EB ◊1.0 +1.4 NA 0.72 524
Change from Vanguard Total Intl Bd Idx Investor(VTIBX) IB +1.5 +0.7 NA 0.17 20,011 DFA Five-Year Global Fixed-Income I(DFGBX) IB +1.1 +0.9 +2.8 0.27 11,298
5/1 adj. rate jumbo 3.40 3.53 previous year DFA Five-Year Global Fixed-Income I(DFGBX) IB +1.1 +0.9 +2.8 0.27 11,298 Vanguard Emerg Mkts Govt Bd Idx Admira(VGAVX) EB ◊0.2 +0.9 NA 0.33 134
1-year adj. rate 2.72 2.82 American Funds Capital World Bond A(CWBFX) IB +0.6 ◊4.4 +1.0 0.93 6,135 Vanguard Total Intl Bd Idx Institution(VTIFX) IB +1.5 +0.8 NA 0.09 13,635
Dec. ’15 +0.7% –1 DFA Two-Year Global Fixed-Income I(DFGFX) IB +0.4 +0.4 +0.7 0.18 5,310 DFA World ex US Government Fxd Inc I(DWFIX) IB +2.5 +0.6 NA 0.20 565
T. Rowe Price International Bond(RPIBX) IB +0.8 ◊3.9 ◊1.0 0.83 5,248 Payden Global Fixed Income(PYGFX) IB +0.8 +0.5 +4.0 0.66 80
Nov. ’15 +0.5 ’11 ’15 T. Rowe Price Emerging Markets Bond(PREMX) EB ◊1.0 ◊0.7 +3.4 0.93 4,400 Goldman Sachs Global Income Instl(GSGLX) IB +0.9 +0.5 +4.3 0.69 596
Home Equity 0% 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Fidelity New Markets Income(FNMIX) EB ◊1.6 ◊0.9 +4.6 0.85 3,864 DFA Two-Year Global Fixed-Income I(DFGFX) IB +0.4 +0.4 +0.7 0.18 5,310
Templeton Global Total Return Adv(TTRZX) IB ◊1.0 ◊5.4 +3.0 0.77 3,359 Payden Global Low Duration Fund(PYGSX) IB +0.2 * +1.7 0.55 129
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$75K line good credit* 4.47% 4.02%

Retail Sales +10% Fidelity Advisor Emerging Mkts Inc I(FMKIX) EB ◊1.6 ◊1.2 +4.4 0.88 2,672 SEI International Fixed Income A (SIT)(SEFIX) IB +1.2 * +4.0 1.02 489
$75K line excel. credit* 4.09 3.98 AB Global Bond Advisor(ANAYX) IB +1.0 ◊0.2 +3.8 0.60 2,438 T. Rowe Price Instl Emerging Mkts Bond(TREBX) EB ◊0.9 ◊0.2 +4.0 0.70 311
Change from Hartford World Bond I(HWDIX) IB +0.1 ◊0.6 NA 0.77 2,225 AB Global Bond Advisor(ANAYX) IB +1.0 ◊0.2 +3.8 0.60 2,438
$75K loan good credit* 4.12 4.34 previous year Dreyfus/Standish Global Fixed Income I(SDGIX) IB +0.6 ◊1.7 +4.2 0.53 1,597
LAGGARDS
SEI Emerging Markets Debt A (SIT)(SITEX) EB ◊0.5 ◊9.9 ◊0.1 1.36 1,258
$75K loan excel. credit* 4.09 4.34 Dec. ’15 +2.2% 0 Loomis Sayles Global Bond Instl(LSGBX) IB +0.2 ◊4.9 +0.6 0.75 1,226 T. Rowe Price Emerg Mkts Lcl Ccy Bd(PRELX) EB ◊0.4 ◊16.3 NA 1.10 169
DFA Selectively Hedged Global F/I I(DFSHX) IB * ◊2.2 ◊0.3 0.17 951 Hartford Emerging Markets Local Debt Y(HLDYX) EB +0.6 ◊13.7 NA 0.90 155
Nov. ’15 +1.6 ’11 ’15 Franklin Emerging Market Debt Opps(FEMDX) EB ◊2.7 ◊4.0 +2.3 1.00 642 SEI Emerging Markets Debt A (SIT)(SITEX) EB ◊0.5 ◊9.9 ◊0.1 1.36 1,258
Auto Loan Rates 0% 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Wells Fargo International Bond Inst(ESICX) IB +0.6 ◊8.7 ◊1.0 0.70 628 Wells Fargo International Bond A(ESIYX)
Lazard Emerging Markets Debt Instl(LEDIX)
IB
EB
+0.5
◊0.1
◊9.1
◊9.0
◊1.3
NA
1.03
0.92
60
257
Goldman Sachs Global Income Instl(GSGLX) IB +0.9 +0.5 +4.3 0.69 596
36-mo. used car 3.19% 3.18% Unemployment 10% Waddell & Reed Global Bond A(UNHHX) IB ◊0.7 ◊3.1 +0.7 1.17 593 Neuberger Berman Emerging Mkts Dbt Ins(NERIX)
Columbia Global Bond A(IGBFX)
EB
IB
+0.1
◊1.1
◊9.0
◊8.3
NA
◊1.2
0.90
1.08
155
82
DFA World ex US Government Fxd Inc I(DWFIX) IB +2.5 +0.6 NA 0.20 565
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m

60-mo. new car 3.34 3.06 Percent unemployed Fidelity Series Emerging Mkts Debt F(FEDFX) EB ◊1.0 +1.4 NA 0.72 524 Dreyfus International Bond A(DIBAX) IB ◊0.5 ◊7.0 +0.5 1.12 185
Seasonally adjusted SEI International Fixed Income A (SIT)(SEFIX) IB +1.2 * +4.0 1.02 489 Templeton International Bond A(TBOAX) IB ◊0.9 ◊6.3 +0.3 1.04 57
Templeton Global Total Return C(TTRCX) IB ◊1.1 ◊6.1 +2.3 1.42 647
CD’s and Money Market Rates 0% 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Dec. ’15 5.0% 4 Average performance for all such funds ◊0.1 ◊3.1 +2.0 Deutsche Enh Emerg Mkts Fxd Inc S(SCEMX) EB ◊0.3 ◊5.5 ◊0.1 0.96 61
Number of funds for period 82 82 65 Loomis Sayles Global Bond Retail(LSGLX) IB +0.2 ◊5.2 +0.4 1.00 405
Nov. ’15 5.0 ’11 ’15
Money-market 0.25% 0.39%
*Annualized. Leaders and Laggards are among funds with at least $50 million in assets, and include no more than one class of any fund. Today’s fund types: EB-Emerging Market Bond. IB-
$10K min. money-mkt 0.25 0.36 World Bond. NA-Not Available. YTD-Year to date. Spotlight tables rotate on a 2-week basis. Source: Morningstar
Housing Starts 2.0
6-month CD 0.34 0.41
Annual Rate, in millions
1-year CD 0.53 0.71 Seasonally adjusted
2-year CD 0.72 0.83 Dec. ’15 1.15 0.0 ONLINE: MORE PRICES AND ANALYSIS
5-year IRA CD 1.65 1.53 Nov. ’15 1.18 ’11 ’15
Information on all United States stocks, plus bonds, mutual funds, commodities and foreign stocks along
*Credit ratings: good, FICO score 660-749; excellent, FICO score 750-850. Source: Bankrate.com with analysis of industry sectors and stock indexes: nytimes.com/markets
B10 N

TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 2016

A God of the Ring Made Human

PHOTOGRAPHS BY ADRIANA ZEHBRAUSKAS FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

José Tomás fighting Bellotero, a 1,150-pound bull, on Sunday in Mexico City. The bull knocked Tomás down twice.

Tomás, 40, was not like other mat-

In a recent performance, José
Tomás, seen as a savior for the
spectacle of bullfighting,
brought the bull in too close.
By GEOFFREY GRAY
MEXICO CITY — It was not long
after the first trumpets on Sunday
that José Tomás found himself in fa-
miliar territory: inches from the vi-
cious horns of a fighting bull, so
close they nearly brushed up
against the pink silk of his traje de
luces, or suit of lights.
Careful not to twitch a muscle,
which could have been a trigger for
the bull to attack him, Tomás stood
firm in this dangerous position and
alone at the center of the Plaza Méx-
ico, the biggest bullring in the world.
Tomás’s cultish followers are called
Tomasistas, and the bullring was
filled with more than 45,000 specta-
tors, the largest draw for a matador
in recent memory.
All of them were eager to witness
the Great One before he decided to
retire or before another horn wound
ended his career for him.
adors. He was the embodiment of
mystery — in and out of the ring.
For years, he has refused to give in-
terviews or to appear on television.
You had to see him live to see him at
all, and he performed so infrequent-
ly, usually once or twice a year, that
tickets sold out within hours.
His mastery, though, was not only
in his marketing. Tomás’s perform-
ances were savage ballets, a blend
of elegance, fearlessness, timing
and sacrifice. He seemed deter-
mined to pass bulls ever closer to
his body, pushing the boundaries of
how close a man could get.
“He’s a mystic,” Allen Josephs, a
professor of literature and Spanish
studies at the University of West
Florida who has written extensively
about matadors and bulls, said in a
recent interview for the magazine
True.Ink. “We want the great mata-
dor to bring the animal in closer and
closer and closer. It’s playing with
death. Why do we play with death?
Because by playing with death, in
some ways, we overcome it.”
By overcoming death, Tomás rep-
resented a kind of immortality, and
now here he was, swinging the red
muleta behind his back, the furls of The Plaza México in Mexico City, a short time before 45,000 fans — a
Continued on Page B14 large turnout — watched Tomás and another matador, Joselito Adame.

Basic N.F.L. Rule Seems

Impossible to Grasp
Fans and Experts Struggle to Define a Catch
By JOHN BRANCH some flip its outcome. All get some portion of the
The first completed forward pass in profes- football populace — fans, players, coaches, com-
sional football came in 1906, when quarterback mentators — second-guessing their own ability to
George Parratt, who was known as Peggy, threw to know just what a catch is.
an end named Bullet Dan Riley for the Massillon So with Super Bowl 50 approaching

50
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Tigers, a team from Ohio. There were no reports of

disputes over whether it really was a catch.
Since then, there have been hundreds of thou-
sands of catches in professional football, and many
times more than that at other levels. Just in the
AL BELLO/GETTY IMAGES
past 50 years, since the season that ended with
Above, the Giants’ Odell Beckham Jr. what is now called Super Bowl I, there have been
had both feet in bounds when he caught 392,218 completed regular-season passes in the
for those who care about football is not
just whether the 39-year-old Denver
SUPER BOWL
quarterback Peyton Manning (6,125 of
those completions) can win another Su-
per Bowl, or if Cam Newton (1,440 com-
pletions) can bring a first championship DENVER vs.
CAROLINA
to Carolina, or whether El Niño will turn
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m

the whole event into a soggy scrum. Sunday

a pass in front of the Patriots’ Malcolm N.F.L.
Butler in November. Butler then Today, though, it has never been more difficult
knocked the ball out of his hands. After to understand what constitutes a catch in football.
a video review, the play was ruled an It is possible that “Was that a catch?” has re-
placed “Are you ready for some football?” as the
incompletion. Right, Steelers receiver
most frequently asked question from N.F.L. fans on
Martavis Bryant pinned the ball against fall and winter Sundays.
his right leg and somersaulted out of the Every week, it seems, at least one crucial com-
end zone in a playoff game last month. pletion/incompletion is scrutinized, reviewed via
His touchdown catch stood. video and debated. Some rulings defy logic, if not
CHRISTOPHER HANEWINCKEL/USA TODAY SPORTS, VIA REUTERS physics. Most reverse a game’s momentum, and
It is whether the game will be de- 6:30 p.m.
cided on yet another catch controversy. TV: CBS
The bickering over how to define a
catch has gotten so noisy that Roger
Goodell, the N.F.L. commissioner, has convened a
committee to settle on new language for the rule
book that will put the issue to rest — or at least give
everyone new material to argue about.
Never in the game’s history has there been so
Continued on Page B13

China Becomes Latest Destination for Brazilian Stars
By EWAN MacKENNA
SÃO PAULO, Brazil — In this coun-
try’s top soccer league, the Brasileirão,
team officials are used to the phone
calls. They expect them. Agents and ex-
ecutives, middlemen and managers, all
of them looking to make a deal in the
game’s greatest shopping mall.
But where once the interest regularly
came from Madrid or Milan, these days
the voice on the other end of the line,
teams say, is more likely to be calling
from Beijing or Shanghai. And increas-
ingly, the Chinese suitors are looking to
buy only the best.
Last year, teams from China’s Super
League bought the rights to perhaps the
Brasileirão’s two best players. Last
month, Chinese clubs plucked four key
players from the reigning champion,
Corinthians, and a top striker from São
Paulo.
“Brazil needs to learn to live with
this,” said Thiago Scuro, the sporting di-
rector of Cruzeiro, which won the Bra-
zilian championship in 2013 and 2014.
“We were always a target, but what’s
changed is the big clubs in Europe are
taking very young players, to have time
to develop them there. But China is
signing the star players in their 20s.
“We cannot fight this, as it’s econom-
ics, not football.”
Brazil has always been a net exporter
of soccer talent; no country sends more
professional players abroad. But Bra-
zil’s slumping economy and the chronic
financial problems plaguing domestic
clubs — it is not uncommon for players
to go unpaid for months — have some
regarding China’s current shopping
spree as a worrisome asset-stripping of
the Brazilian game.
The tale of Corinthians is the latest
example. Corinthians dominated last
season, finishing first by 12 points, and
the feeling was a South American title
and a return to a World Club Cup was a
possibility this year. But that was before
the team lost eight players.
The four highest transfer fees came
from China, for a combined $24.5 mil-
lion. Renato Augusto and Ralf moved to
Beijing Guoan; center back Gil (who is
making inroads into the national team)
joined Shandong Luneng Taishan; and
midfielder Jádson headed to the second-
division team Tianjin Quanjian. (Tianjin
also snapped up 23-year-old Santos star
Geuvânio for $12 million.)
“It’s not a surprise to lose players
when you are champions, but the big
surprise was they went to China,” said
Edu, who starred in Europe with Ar-
senal and Valencia during his playing
days and is now Corinthians’ sporting
director. “It’s not so frustrating. It’s the
market. You just have to replace them.”
Yet Chinese soccer’s taste for Brazil-
ians shows no sign of slowing. Last
week, Chelsea accepted a $35 million of-
fer for the Brazilian midfielder Ramires
from Jiangsu Suning, which had earlier
made a failed bid for the Milan striker
Luiz Adriano. Moves like those, and the
bulk acquisitions of younger players
from Brazilian clubs, have soccer offi-
cials here concerned about what the
money-driven deals could one day
Set for a Banner Year, Man City Plans a Change
By VICTOR MATHER
Manchester City sits in second place
in the Premier League, behind only the
unlikely Leicester City. The team is also
in the final of the League Cup and the
last 16 of the F.A. Cup and the Champi-
ons League. In theory, it could win all
four trophies this season.
And yet City just gave its manager his
notice.
The team announced Monday that it
had signed Pep Guardiola, the man be-
hind the tremendous success of Barce-
lona, and more recently Bayern Mu-
nich, to take over next season on a
three-year contract. That leaves the
current manager, Manuel Pellegrini, as
a lame duck even as the team competes
for some of the most prestigious prizes
in soccer.
The club insisted in a statement that
“Manuel, who is fully supportive of the
decision to make this communication, is
entirely focused on achieving his tar-
gets for the season ahead and retains
the respect and commitment of all in-
volved with the leadership of the club.”
Guardiola will finish out the season
with Bayern before heading to Man-
chester.
The dismissal of Pellegrini reflects
the increasing pressure for success
among the superteams in Europe’s top
leagues. As recently as 1999, Manches-
ter City was in the third tier of English
soccer. But after being purchased by in-
vestors from the United Arab Emirates
in 2008, the team has become one of the
world’s wealthiest, winning the Premier
League in 2012 and 2014.
The flood of money has brought a
host of world-class players to the team,
but also sky-high expectations.
The Chilean veteran Pellegrini was
hired in 2013 and led City to the Premier
League title in his first year, then fin-
ished second to Chelsea last season.
More disappointing to the owners was
that the team fell in the round of 16 of
the Champions League in both seasons.
This season, City is in a strong second
place despite injury problems among
many of its best players, including strik-
er Sergio Agüero and the captain Vin-
cent Kompany.
But the opportunity to hire Guardiola,
45, often called the world’s greatest
manager, was apparently too great.
Guardiola was a success from the
minute he took over as Barcelona’s
manager, winning the Spanish League
and Cup and the Champions League in
his first season there, 2008-9. He added
two more league titles, and another
THE NEW YORK TIMES SPORTS TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 2016
New players introduced by the Chinese soccer club Beijing Guoan last month included, from left, the Brazilians Renato Augusto, Ralf and Kléber.
mean for the future of Brazil’s national
team. Ramires, 28, was a starter at the
last World Cup, and while he had fallen
out of favor recently, exports like Gil, 28,
and Augusto, 27, were thought by some
to be part of the national team’s future
after their recent resurgence at Corin-
thians.
“With the crisis here, the prices they
are offering, we can’t compete with
that,” Edu said of the recent sales. “But
in terms of a player’s career, they are
going for money, not the status, and for
me, that would have made me think
twice, as it could get in the way of play-
ing for Brazil.”
Chinese clubs might not release play-
ers for national team play except in the
mandatory official windows, Edu said,
adding: “It’s a personal decision, but
you need to balance it. And if you’re
good enough and have the chance to
play for Brazil, nothing should get in the
way.”
In one sense, the China conundrum is
nothing new. But the earlier Brazilian
star Júnior Baiano was already 31 when
he went to Shanghai in 2001, and of the
134 reported moves of Brazilians to Chi-
na from 2003 to 2010, almost all were
ABOVE, ALEX GRIMM/GETTY IMAGES; CLIVE ROSE/GETTY IMAGES
Pep Guardiola, above, will leave Bayern Munich at the end of the season and
take over as manager of Manchester City. Manuel Pellegrini will finish the
season with City, which is in second place in the Premier League.
Champions League title in 2011, then in
2012 announced he would step down for
a “sabbatical.”
Bayern Munich hired him in January
2013 to take over the next season. Guar-
diola won back-to-back league titles
with Bayern and will almost certainly
win a third this season.
In its statement announcing Guardio-
la’s hiring, Manchester City said,
“These negotiations were a recom-
mencement of discussions that were
curtailed in 2012.” There was plenty of
speculation at that time that Guardiola
had been City’s first choice for manager
and that Pellegrini had been a fallback.
The specter of the highly successful
SOCCER
players from minor clubs.
But last year the Brasileirão’s two
best players — both of them having bro-
ken into the national team — made the
switch. One, Diego Tardelli, had just
won the Brazilian Cup with Atlético
Mineiro. The other, Ricardo Goulart,
had just won back-to back league cham-
pionships with Cruzeiro. And the money
is only getting better: The onetime Sevi-
lla striker Luís Fabiano left São Paulo
for China last month for a reported $7
million a year.
Guangzhou Evergrande could be de-
scribed as the team that changed the
market in 2011, when it signed the Ar-
gentine midfielder Darío Conca from
the Rio de Janeiro club Fluminense and
made him, at the time, the third-highest-
paid player in the world behind Cristia-
no Ronaldo and Lionel Messi.
Guangzhou’s investments quickly
paid off: It has won five straight Chi-
nese Super League titles, and its aver-
age attendance is nearly 46,000 a game.
Last summer, the team hired Brazil’s
former World Cup manager Luiz Felipe
Scolari; he quickly delivered Guang-
zhou’s second Asian Champions League
title in three years.
Guardiola on the way to Manchester
City may put real pressure on City’s
crosstown rival, Manchester United, to
dump its manager, Louis Van Gaal, and
go for the charismatic José Mourinho,
who was recently fired by Chelsea.
Chelsea is also in need of a perma-
nent manager, meaning that of Eng-
land’s big four, only Arsenal, where
Arsène Wenger is in his 20th year, has
had any stability at the position.
After the announcement of Guardio-
la’s hiring by Bayern in 2013, the lame-
duck manager, Jupp Heynckes, won the
league and the Champions League. Pel-
legrini will have to hope he can go out at
City with a similar blaze of glory.
“From originally being a real estate
company, their owners saw what foot-
ball could achieve in terms of strength-
ening their brand, and they’ve now
gone into other areas like entertain-
ment and bottled water and cooking
oil,” Christopher Atkins, a player agent
in China, said. “Other clubs have seen,
too, the political and marketing gains
that can be made by representing a cer-
tain city or province with a successful
team. People talked about China next
up being a steppingstone league, but
they’ve just skipped that phase.”
From the Chinese end, the equation is
simple. Merely being associated with
Brazilian soccer buys a superficial le-
gitimacy as China ponders making a bid
to host the World Cup. For Brazilian
pros, it’s more complicated. Off the
record, some players talked about safe-
ty as a factor in their decision to en-
tertain offers from China; research re-
leased last month showed 21 of the
world’s 50 most dangerous cities were
in Brazil. And the pull is not simply
huge contracts, but clubs that actually
honor them.
“Brazil is struggling as a country,”
said Ricardo Mello, who works as an in-
BASEBALL
Yanks’ Top Prospect at First Base
Will Miss Season After Surgery
By DAVID WALDSTEIN
In only 157 at-bats in August and Sep-
tember, Greg Bird gave the Yankees
something to dream about. His pictur-
esque left-handed swing seemed so well
suited to Yankee Stadium that many
fans preferred him as the regular first
baseman over Mark Teixeira, even
though Teixeira had a strong season
last year.
The Yankees’ plan to send Bird to the
minor leagues in 2016 was disappointing
to some, but the issue became moot on
Monday when doctors recommended
that Bird undergo season-ending shoul-
der surgery.
The Yankees announced that Bird, 23,
would undergo a procedure on Tuesday
to repair a torn labrum in his right
shoulder. Dr. David Altchek will per-
form the surgery.
“The operating surgeon is optimistic
that after surgery, the player will be
ready and available for the 2017 season,”
said Brian Cashman, the Yankees’ gen-
eral manager.
If Bird recovers fully, as the Yankees
expect, he will be the primary option as
the first baseman on opening day in
2017.
Bird first injured his shoulder last
spring. He went on the disabled list for
the Class AA Trenton Thunder on May
8. At the time, doctors did not recom-
mend surgery. He returned to action on
June 4 with great success and was
called up to the Yankees on Aug. 13. He
hit 11 home runs in 46 games for the
Yankees and had an on-base plus slug-
ging percentage of .871.
After the season, Bird reported no
problems with his shoulder in an exit
examination with the Yankees’ medical
staff. But a week later, Cashman said,
Bird told his agent that there was lin-
gering pain. Bird was brought back to
New York for tests and a second opin-
ion.
Surgery was still not recommended.
Instead, Bird was prescribed a
strengthening and rehabilitation pro-
gram. When the intensity of those work-
outs increased in recent weeks in antici-
pation of spring training, Bird reported
more discomfort. He returned to New
York for more tests, and then surgery
was recommended.
“The doctors were in agreement
throughout the process,” Cashman said.
N B11
CHINAFOTOPRESS, VIA GETTY IMAGES
termediary between Brazilian players
and Chinese clubs. As the Brazilian real
has plummeted in value, he said, the
ability to be paid in foreign currency
“means a lot to players; it can change
lives forever.”
And for Brazilian teams, transfer fees
remain a vital source of revenue. A list
of the most indebted clubs in the coun-
try has 10 owing at least $63 million,
with Flamengo topping the list at more
than $150 million. Despite its size and
recent successes, Corinthians sits un-
comfortably on that list, with debts of
around $70 million.
While some wonder why European
teams are not racing to match China’s
spending in the market, the simple an-
swer seems to be that they do not value
the players as highly. Thus, in Brazil,
where once there was pride in selling
brilliant artists to those who appreciat-
ed them, now there is little joy in selling
off lesser players at inflated prices.
“The model here is long broken,” said
Amir Somoggi, a sports marketing con-
sultant based here. “We work on pop-
ular governance of teams, not investing
into them as companies. And our philos-
ophy is sell, sell, sell.”
AL BELLO/GETTY IMAGES
Greg Bird with the Yankees last Au-
gust. In only 46 games and 157 at-
bats, Bird accounted for 11 homers.
“It’s just an unfortunate situation.”
Despite the promise Bird displayed
last year, the Yankees’ plan was for him
to develop for another year in Class
AAA, rather than waste time on the
bench as Teixeira’s backup. Bird looked
good, but Teixeira was playing well and
is owed $23 million in this, the final year
of his contract.
“If everyone were healthy, Bird
would not have opened the season on
the 25-man roster,” Cashman said.
But health has been a problem for
Teixeira in recent years. Although once
a model of durability, he has sustained
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numerous injuries during the past few
seasons. In his first four seasons in the
big leagues, he played in all but 33 of his
team’s games. But during the past four
years, he missed 276.
Teixeira had a bounce-back season in
2015, with 31 home runs and 22 doubles
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m
and an on-base plus slugging percent-
age of .906. But he did not play after
Aug. 26 because of a fracture in his right
shin.
Bird would have been the insurance
in case Teixeira fell victim to another in-
jury this year, but for now, Dustin Ack-
ley will be the backup first baseman.
Bird could also have filled in for Alex
Rodriguez, the designated hitter, if he
required time on the disabled list this
year.
B12 Ø N
Paced by Drummond, the Pistons Outlast the Nets A Bigger Thursday Deal
By The Associated Press
Reggie Jackson was nearly on
the bench, his coach believing he
was being beaten by cramps.
Instead, Jackson battled
through the issue to help the De-
troit Pistons defeat the Nets, 105-
100, on Monday night in Brook-
lyn.
Andre Drummond had 21
points and 18 rebounds and Jack-
son scored 19 points for the Pis-
tons.
Jackson had been listed as
questionable to play because of
dehydration, but he started and
logged 31 minutes, making huge
plays as the game wore on.
“I was about to take him out
before that stretch at the end be-
cause he just looked like he was
about dead,” Coach Stan Van
Gundy said. “I was about to take
him out, and then he made every
play down the stretch.”
Drummond fell just shy of an
N.B.A.-high sixth 20-point, 20-re-
bound game of the season but de-
livered the tiebreaking basket on
a dunk with 1 minute 30 seconds
remaining on a pass from Jack-
son. Jackson added a couple of
clutch jumpers as the Pistons
avoided a third straight loss.
The Pistons were coming off
losses to Cleveland and Toronto,
the top two teams in the Eastern
Conference, but were just good
enough to get by the Nets, one of
the worst.
Nets center Brook Lopez
scored 27 points. Andrea Bargna-
ni added 18 off the bench for the
Nets, who had lost of four in a
row and were outscored 28-7 on
second-chance points. “That was
the game,” the Nets interim
coach Tony Brown said. “Drum-
mond is a load. That was one area
where we fell short tonight.”
The Nets led by 3 before Jack-
son tied it with a 3-pointer with 2
minutes 5 seconds to go. Jackson
finished with six assists, and
Ersan Ilyasova scored 16 points.
In a game that featured 21 lead
changes and 12 ties, the Nets led
by 63-58 early in the third quarter
before Detroit answered with a
17-2 run, capped by Drummond’s
slam on a lob from Brandon Jen-
nings, to take a 75-65 lead. Drum-
mond made all five of his third-
quarter shots and had 10 points
and 8 rebounds in the period.
THUNDER 114, WIZARDS 98 Rus-
Louisville Ends North Carolina’s Streak at 12 Games
By The Associated Press
Damion Lee scored 24 points,
including two free throws with
8.3 seconds remaining, to help
No. 19 Louisville upset No. 2
North Carolina, 71-65, at home on
Monday night, ending the Tar
Heels’ 12-game winning streak.
After scoring just 6 points in
Saturday’s loss to then-No. 11 Vir-
ginia, Lee lifted the Cardinals to a
hard-fought victory over the first-
place Tar Heels by making 8 of 12
shots from the field, including
consecutive 3-pointers that
helped provide a 55-50 lead with 9
minutes 35 seconds remaining.
Chinanu Onuaku added a
3-point play, Ray Spalding
scored, and Trey Lewis followed
with a big layup and then two
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Bar admission and a minimum of ten
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sume and received no later than Fe-
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THE NEW YORK TIMES SPORTS TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 2016
PRO BASKETBALL PRO FOOTBALL
Two Networks Will Split
N.B.A. ROUNDUP
Cleveland to an overtime win at
Indiana. By RICHARD SANDOMIR extra games for NBC.
James scored only 7 points af- After two one-year deals with At CBS, Jim Nantz and Phil
ter halftime, but it was enough to CBS to televise eight “Thursday Simms will continue their double
help the Cavaliers record their Night Football” games, the N.F.L. duty on Thursday nights and
fifth straight win under their new announced a two-year deal Mon- Sunday afternoons.
coach, Tyronn Lue — and their day with CBS and NBC worth an The 10 games on the broadcast
first win in Indianapolis in six estimated $450 million annually. networks will continue to be si-
years. mulcast on NFL Network. On its
CBS will show five Thursday
George Hill matched his sea- own, the league’s cable channel
night games starting in Week 2 of
son high with 23 points for Indi- will exclusively carry eight
next season, and NBC will follow
ana, while Myles Turner had 14 games.
with five games starting in Week
points and 10 rebounds.
11, a stretch that includes a Since it sold CBS the initial
GRIZZLIES 110, PELICANS 95 Zach Thanksgiving Day game that is package of Thursday games in
Randolph had 22 points and 12 re- not a part of the new contract. 2014, the N.F.L. has wanted to use
bounds, and Memphis won at “We had two priorities,” Sean a broadcast network to expand
New Orleans for its 10th victory McManus, chairman of CBS the audience for games that night
in 12 games. Sports, said. “It was very im- beyond NFL Network’s cable
Jeff Green scored 24 points for portant to get the beginning half niche. The strategy has worked.
the Grizzlies, and Vince Carter of the season as a terrific plat- The eight games CBS carried in
added 13, including two back- form to launch our prime-time 2015 averaged 17.6 million view-
breaking 3s in the last three min- schedule.” ers, up from 16.1 million a year
utes. earlier. The comparable games
CBS paid $300 million for its
Anthony Davis had 23 points on NFL Network in 2013 had
Thursday night rights this sea-
for the Pelicans, who lost for just
son. Under the new contracts,
the third time in 10 games.
CBS and NBC will pay $225 mil-
HAWKS 112, MAVERICKS 97 Jeff lion each, or $45 million a game,
Teague scored a season-high 32
points, Kyle Korver added 16, and
up from the $37.5 million CBS Five early-season
paid this season.
host Atlanta ended a three-game “We knew from Day 1 that this games will be shown
skid by outplaying Dallas.
Teague shot 12 of 15 from the
would be a two-network package,
and our goal was to keep a piece
on CBS, with five
field, with a career-high five
3-pointers. Atlanta entered the
of it,” McManus said. later ones on NBC.
He added, “This is a very fi-
game having lost five of six to nancially responsible deal for
drop to fifth place in the East.
CBS.”
Deron Williams, coming off a eight million watching.
Brian Rolapp, the N.F.L.’s exec-
27-point performance in Dallas’s
utive vice president for media, NFL Network has also re-
home win Sunday over Phoenix,
said that thought was given to ceived valuable promotion on
KATHY WILLENS/ASSOCIATED PRESS left the game early in the second
continuing with a single network. CBS for its full season-long
Brook Lopez shooting over Detroit center Andre Drummond in quarter with a bruised hip.
“But there was clearly de- schedule and other program-
Chandler Parsons had 19 points
the first half of the Pistons’ 105-100 win over the host Nets. and 11 rebounds, and Dirk mand, and when we started look- ming, which it will now receive
Nowitzki scored 18 points for the ing at two partners, that become from NBC as well.
sell Westbrook had his seventh brother’s death Friday. Mavericks. our priority,” he said. The league has one more
triple-double of the season, and Unlike CBS, NBC was not Thursday night contract left to
SPURS 107, MAGIC 92 LaMarcus SUNS FIRE COACH The Phoenix locked into when it wanted to complete within a few weeks: a
Oklahoma City prevailed over Suns, mired in one of the worst
Aldridge scored a season-high 28 start its schedule, but it could direct-to-consumer streaming
visiting Washington. stretches in their history, fired
points, and San Antonio re- have appended five new Thurs- deal for the 10 broadcast games
Westbrook had 17 points, 13 re- mained undefeated at home by Jeff Hornacek as coach and pro-
bounds and 11 assists and got the day games after the season’s that will be available to all con-
beating Orlando. moted Earl Watson to interim sumers, not just those with au-
best of his matchup with Wizards opening night game, which is also
Aldridge shot 9 of 13 from the coach.
point guard John Wall. It was the on a Thursday. thenticated cable, satellite and
field as the Spurs picked up their Watson was selected after in-
26th career triple-double for Mark Lazarus, chairman of the telephone company accounts. Ya-
26th straight home victory to terviews were conducted with all
Westbrook, who has two straight NBC Sports Group, said he was hoo paid about $20 million to
open the season. Patty Mills three Suns assistants.
and four in his past 10 games. pleased that NBC’s games were globally stream the Jacksonville-
matched a season high with 22 Watson, 36, was an N.B.A.
Kevin Durant scored 28 points, in “the holiday ad sales window” Buffalo game in London last Oc-
points. point guard for 13 seasons and
and Serge Ibaka added 19 points was in his first season as a Suns and “part of the season when the tober.
and 10 rebounds for the Thunder, Nikola Vucevic led Orlando playoffs are at stake.” Rolapp called the combination
assistant after a year as an as-
who have won 11 of 12. with 20 points and 10 rebounds. The new deal gives NBC of Thursday night broadcast and
sistant coach of the Austin Spurs
Bradley Beal came off the Victor Oladipo added 19 points, prime-time games on Thursday simulcast deals with the immi-
of the N.B.A. Development
bench to score 18 points for the and Aaron Gordon had 12 points and Sunday nights. Al Michaels nent one for streaming “a funda-
League.
Wizards, and Marcin Gortat had and 16 rebounds. and Cris Collinsworth will call the mental shift in distribution.”
He retired as a player in 2014
17. Wall had 17 points and 8 as- CAVALIERS 111, PACERS 106 Ky- after appearing in 878 games for
sists. rie Irving scored 25 points, and Portland, Seattle/Oklahoma City,
Wizards Coach Randy Witt- LeBron James had 24 points, 12 Memphis, Denver, Indiana and
man missed the game after his rebounds and 6 assists to lead Utah.
COLLEGE BASKETBALL
ROUNDUP
free throws with 26 seconds left and Brice Johnson 15 for North 4-4 Atlantic Sun) over host Lips-
for a 4-point lead. Carolina, which shot just 35 per- comb (7-18, 3-5).
Lee sealed the win by making cent from the field. UNHAPPY MILESTONE FOR DUKE
two more at the free-throw line as HOUSTON 71, S.M.U. 68 Devonta For the first time in almost 30
Louisville (18-4, 7-2 Atlantic Coast Pollard scored 23 points, and years, Duke’s basketball teams BILLY HURST/ASSOCIATED PRESS
Conference) handed the Tar Damyean Dotson added 13 as — men and women — are un-
Heels (19-3, 8-1) their first confer- Houston (16-6, 6-4 American Ath- ranked at the same time. Commentators during an NFL Network broadcast in December.
ence loss. letic Conference) rallied at home On Monday, the men’s team fell The league’s cable channel will exclusively carry eight games.
“Knowing that I was the hot over No. 12 Southern Methodist, out of the Top 25, ending a run of
hand, it was just one of those just the second loss of the season 221 consecutive weeks that start-
things,” said Lee, who made 4 of 7
3-point attempts. “It was just one
for the Mustangs (19-2, 8-2).
Pollard and Dotson keyed a
ed early in the 2007-8 season.
The women fell out two weeks
CALENDAR
of those things where I was confi- 21-4 run midway through the sec- ago, ending a string of 312
dent. It was kind of like throwing ond half for the Cougars, which straight weeks that dated to 1999.
the rock into an ocean. When I defeated a ranked team for the This is the first time since the
TV Highlights
see the basket, I feel like I can get first time since beating S.M.U., next-to-last poll of December More listings are at tvlistings.nytimes.com, under the Sports-Events category.
going.” then No. 25, in February 2014. 1986 — when the polls included Basketball / N.B.A. 7:30 p.m. Boston at Knicks MSG
Onuaku had 12 points and 10 re- TEXAS 67, BAYLOR 59 Connor only 20 teams — that both teams 8:00 p.m. Miami at Houston NBA TV
bounds for Louisville, and Dono- Lammert had 15 points, including are unranked. 10:30 p.m. Minnesota at Los Angeles Lakers NBA TV
van Mitchell added 10 points. a clutch 3-pointer in the final Basketball / College Men 7:00 p.m. Kentucky at Tennessee ESPN
Justin Jackson scored 16 points minute, and visiting Texas (15-7, WOMEN 7:00 p.m. South Carolina at Georgia ESPNU
6-3 Big 12) won for the sixth time 7:00 p.m. Georgetown at Butler FS1
in its last seven games, beating OHIO STATE 80, ILLINOIS 70
7:00 p.m. Rhode Island at Massachusetts SNY
No. 15 Baylor (17-5, 6-3). Ameryst Alston scored 24 points,
Kelsey Mitchell had 22, and No. 7 8:00 p.m. Nevada-Las Vegas at New Mexico CBSSN
IONA 75, ST. PETER’S 67 A. J. Eng- Ohio State (17-4, 9-1 Big Ten) won 9:00 p.m. Indiana at Michigan ESPN
lish scored 21 points with 6 re- at Illinois (8-13, 1-9) for its fifth 9:00 p.m. West Virginia at Iowa State ESPN2
bounds and 5 assists to help vis- straight victory. 9:00 p.m. Duke at Georgia Tech ESPNU
iting Iona (12-9, 9-3 Metro Atlan- The Buckeyes shot 44 percent 9:00 p.m. Providence at DePaul FS1
tic Athletic Conference) hold off and struggled to pull away until 11:00 p.m. Colorado State at San Diego State ESPN2
OFFICE ASSISTANT - Bronx concrete
Education
plant seeks exp. Office Assistant. A/P, St. Peter’s (8-12, 6-5). Mitchell’s 7 fourth-quarter points Basketball / College Women 7:00 p.m. West Virginia at Texas Tech FS2
Director Head Start Program A/R, billing & phones. e-mail resume to:
Bronx based multi-service organ- bonnie@casabldg.com NAVY 64, ARMY 50 Will Kelly silenced Illinois. Hockey / N.H.L. 7:00 p.m. Rangers at Devils MSG2, MSG+
ization seeks individuals to direct its
Head Start Program. Applicants must
PHYSICIAN. Internist/family practice
physician needed part time for a busy
scored 15 points and had 10 re- NOTRE DAME 68, DUKE 61 Madi- 7:00 p.m. Minnesota at Islanders MSG+2
hold a Master s Degree in Early child-
hood Education, and hold a valid New
urgent care facility in the Huntington bounds to lead visiting Navy son Cable scored 18 points, and 7:30 p.m. Florida at Washington NBCSN
area. Fax CV to 631-425-0221 or email to
York State teaching license birth to se-
cond grade. Eligible applicants must
Jessicamae1313@yahoo.com (16-7, 7-3 Patriot) over Army (12- No. 3 Notre Dame (21-1, 9-0 Soccer 2:55 p.m. England, Liverpool at Leicester City NBCSN
10, 3-7).
This Week
have at least three plus years working
experience in head start setting, as well MARSHAL / A.C.C.) won at Duke (16-7, 5-4) for
as prior supervisory experience and
demonstrated leadership skills. Teach- SHERIFF MONMOUTH 93, SIENA 87 Justin its 14th straight win.
HOME TUE WED THU FRI SAT SUN MON
ing Strategies Gold/ Creative Curricu- Robinson scored a career-best 36 SYRACUSE 57, MIAMI 51 Alexis
lum a big plus. SALES points to help Monmouth (18-5, AWAY 2/2 2/3 2/4 2/5 2/6 2/7 2/8
Please email resumes to
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Judgment Debtors. I Will Sellat Public
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BS in Foods & Nutrition and CLC. By Arthur Vigar Auctioneer Lynn hit five 3-pointers and its first road win against a ranked NETS 7:30 p.m. 7:30 p.m. 7:30 p.m. 7:30 p.m.
F/T or P/T Call 917-992-6864. DCA#0767619 On Thursday, Feb 4 , 2016 YES YES YES YES
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stating their qualifications and salary (5100-5102)
requirements accompanied by their re-
sume and received no later than Fe- The 2016 ORT America Annual Meet-
bruary 12, 2016. Location: NYC. ing will take place Sunday, March 6,
2016 from 9:00 AM to 4:00 PM at the Or- ANDY LYONS/GETTY IMAGES
Equal Opportunity Employer lando World Center Marriot, 8701 World
Women, minorities and individuals with
disabilities are encouraged to apply.
Center Drive, Orlando, FL. For more
information please go to
Louisville’s Damion Lee, who scored 24 points, including two
www.ortamerica.org/annualmeeting. crucial free throws, after the Cardinals’ victory on Monday.

For Fans and Experts, a Basic Rule Seems Impossible to Grasp
From First Sports Page
much debate over something so
seemingly simple.
The debates over the “process
of the catch,” an obtuse phrase
that the N.F.L. uses, ignited in
2010, when Detroit’s Calvin John-
son caught an apparent game-
winning touchdown pass over a
Bears defender, took two steps in
the end zone, spun as he moved
the ball from both hands to his
right hand, fell down on his emp-
ty left hand and then let the ball
out of his right hand as it touched
the turf so that he could jump up
and celebrate.
After some confusion, the ref-
eree announced that it was not a
touchdown.
“The ruling on the field is that
the runner did not complete the
catch during the process of the
catch,” the referee announced,
which was football-speak for
“Let’s all go crazy on talk radio
this week.”
The N.F.L. tinkered with the
rule — often called the Calvin
Johnson rule — and has tinkered
some more, mostly adding lan-
guage that only lawyers could
love. It did nothing to stem the
controversies. During last sea-
son’s playoffs, Dallas’s Dez Bry-
ant made a leaping grab against
the Packers, took a couple of
steps, and reached for the goal
line as he fell. The ball was jarred
loose. The pass was deemed in-
complete. Head scratching and
verbal mayhem ensued.
The N.F.L. did not change the
rule last off-season but tried to
clarify it, in a way that wipers
clarify a windshield covered in
mud by smearing the mess from
side to side.
Long ago, officials were asked
simply to judge possession of the
ball — the dictionary definition of
catch, plus two feet on the
ground. Now they must ascertain
the actions of the rest of the body,
if not the mind.
Officials are now asked to deci-
pher whether the player has
shown enough after taking pos-
session (but before it can be
ruled a catch) to be classified as a
Bigger, Stronger, Faster and, Maybe Soon, Retired
By BENJAMIN HOFFMAN
Nicknames have largely be-
come a thing of the past in the
sports world, but when Calvin
Johnson arrived in the N.F.L., it
was clear that he was going to be
an exception. Called Megatron by
his teammate Roy Williams,
Johnson took on a larger-than-life
persona as a wide receiver who
was bigger, stronger and faster
than anyone else on the field, not
unlike the “Transformers” char-
acter that inspired the name.
Amid reports that he is plan-
ning to retire after just nine sea-
sons in the N.F.L., it appears that
Johnson, capable of almost any-
thing on a football field, was far
more human than people wanted
to admit. And with yet another
star player in his prime choosing
to walk away from the game, the
brutality of the sport is once
again front and center.
Shortly after the season ended
for the Detroit Lions, Johnson re-
leased a statement through the
team that said, “Like many play-
ers at this stage of their career, I
am currently evaluating options
for my future. I would expect to
have a decision regarding this
matter in the not-too-distant fu-
ture.”
The Lions, who drafted John-
son with the No. 2 overall pick in
the 2007 draft, publicly supported
his right to consider his future,
saying they “understand and ap-
preciate his decision to give prop-
er thought and consideration to
his football future.”
But as Johnson’s teammates
have rushed to social media in
the last few days to support his
apparent decision, the Lions,
while very likely hoping he will
change his mind, may need to be-
gin making plans for life without
a player who has largely defined
the franchise for nine years.
Johnson would hardly be the
first player to walk away from
the game in his prime. Barry
Sanders, another Lions great, fa-
mously retired at 30 — Johnson’s
age now — and more recently,
Patrick Willis and Chris Borland
chose to retire from the San Fran-
cisco 49ers in hopes of protecting
their health. But considering his
consistent quality production on
the field, his durability despite
enduring numerous lingering in-
juries over the years, and his rel-
atively young age, Johnson
would immediately enter the dis-
cussion as one of the best young
players ever to walk away.
In 135 career games, Johnson
caught 731 passes for 11,619 yards
and 83 touchdowns. In an era of
inflated numbers and long ca-
reers for wide receivers, his ca-
reer line does not seem that in-
The Lions’ Calvin Johnson was involved in a 2010 play, ruled an incompletion, that stoked debates over the “process of the catch.”
runner (leading to one set of
rules), or whether the player has
taken possession while falling
(leading to another).
How does a receiver prove he
is a runner? Good question.
“He does that by gaining con-
trol of the ball, touching both feet
down and then, after the second
foot is down, having the ball long
enough to clearly become a run-
ner, which is defined as the abil-
ity to ward off or protect himself
from impending contact,” the
N.F.L. said in its off-season at-
tempt to help people — including,
presumably, on-field officials and
the league’s employees on Park
Avenue — understand.
In other words, rather than
judging whether a receiver
KEEPING SCORE
credible, but when considered on
a per-game basis, he puts himself
into some elite company.
For his career, Johnson has av-
eraged 5.4 receptions, 86.1 yards
and 0.6 touchdowns a game. Jer-
ry Rice, who holds every signifi-
cant record for a wide receiver,
averaged 5.1 receptions, 75.6
yards and 0.7 touchdowns.
Those numbers are skewed
some because Rice played into
his early 40s, which brought
down some of his per-game pro-
duction. But Johnson’s consis-
tency has been overshadowed by
his spectacular plays and athleti-
cism.
After a rookie season in which
he started only 10 games, John-
son averaged an incredible 90.5
yards a game for the remainder
of his career. Only 67 other play-
ers have averaged that many
yards a game for even one sea-
son.
Johnson had 100 or more yards
in 46 games, with a career high of
329 yards in a 1-point victory over
the Dallas Cowboys in 2013 that
trails only Flipper Anderson’s 336
for the single-game record. John-
son holds the record for single-
season receiving yards with 1,964
in 2012.
Like Sanders, who has been
the subject of countless debates
since his retirement, Johnson is
likely to be talked about largely
in terms of what he might have
done had he not retired so young.
But just as with Sanders, any
such projections are ultimately
pointless; judging players for
THE NEW YORK TIMES SPORTS TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 2016
PRO FOOTBALL
caught a ball, officials now judge
whether he caught the ball and
became a runner, which might
just be the more subjective of the
two acts.
If the receiver is not a runner,
he might be a faller, which leads
to an entirely different rule.
“A player is considered to be
going to the ground if he does not
remain upright long enough to
demonstrate that he is clearly a
runner,” Mike Pereira, a former
N.F.L. vice president for officiat-
ing, explained last summer.
Is that helpful? Generally, if
the player is falling, he had better
not let go of the ball until some-
time after he has come to a com-
plete stop. From the N.F.L.’s at-
tempt to clarify:
their actual accomplishments is
what should determine their leg-
acy.
Sanders’s accomplishments
led to his immediate election into
the Hall of Fame, but the path
With 731 catches for
11,619 yards and 83
scores, a Detroit
Lion may walk away.
could be harder for Johnson, con-
sidering the high bar that Canton
has had for wide receivers. Cris
Carter, Tim Brown and Andre
Reed endured long waits before
their election, despite career sta-
PETER READ MILLER/SPORTS ILLUSTRATED, VIA GETTY IMAGES
“If, before becoming a runner,
a receiver falls to the ground in
an attempt to make a catch, he
must maintain control of the ball
after contacting the ground. If he
loses control of the ball after con-
tacting the ground and the ball
touches the ground before he re-
gains control, the pass is incom-
plete. Reaching the ball out be-
fore becoming a runner will not
trump the requirement to hold on
to the ball when you land. When
you are attempting to complete a
catch, you must put the ball away
or protect the ball so it does not
come loose.”
This interpretation is simple to
understand and impossible not to
mock. When Oakland’s Michael
Crabtree caught a pass along the
CHARLES REX ARBOGAST/ASSOCIATED PRESS
The Lions’ Calvin Johnson
and Matthew Stafford in Jan-
uary after what may have
been Johnson’s last N.F.L.
game. Left, Johnson, who
may retire, has averaged 86.1
yards a game in nine seasons.
tistics that dwarf Johnson’s.
Johnson also does not have the
postseason experience or suc-
cess that helped boost the candi-
dacy of players with lower career
totals such as Michael Irvin or
Lynn Swann.
Johnson’s reputation as per-
haps the game’s top receiver for
his entire career, and the notion
that he could have been capable
of so much more, may be enough
for voters to let him in. But as-
suming his election is a given is
probably incorrect.
Regardless of his legacy, ca-
reer statistics or Hall of Fame
candidacy, a player like Johnson
walking away inspires a certain
degree of mourning for players
and fans.
After Sunday’s Pro Bowl, Ama-
ri Cooper, a young wide receiver
for the Oakland Raiders who
grew up idolizing Johnson,
seemed to sum up the overall
feeling.
“You never want to see the
greats leave the game,” Cooper
told reporters. “You feel like
they’re going to be making plays
forever. You want to be like them
growing up, and you still want to
see them make plays.”
sideline this season, he landed
with both feet in bounds, was
shoved from behind, tucked the
ball under an arm, stumbled sev-
eral steps out of bounds — doing
everything but taking out cheer-
leaders and water jugs along the
way — and lost control of the ball
once he put his hands on the
ground to break his fall.
By the “100 drunks in a bar”
standard promoted by the foot-
ball commentator Mike Florio, it
was a catch. By the N.F.L.’s
standard, it was not. It raises the
idea that replay reviews might
best be performed by people in a
bar, perhaps in a neutral city,
each given a “yes” or “no” button
to push.
Why is it so complicated? “To
N.F.L. ROUNDUP
Tuck, Raider and Ex-Giant,
Ends Career With Gratitude
By The Associated Press
Oakland Raiders defensive end
Justin Tuck said Monday that he
was retiring from the N.F.L. after
11 seasons, including nine with
the Giants.
“I’ve had 11 great years,” Tuck
wrote on Facebook, “and honest-
ly I leave with very few regrets.”
Tuck, 32, spent his first nine
seasons with the Giants, who
picked him out of Notre Dame in
the third round of the 2005 draft,
and helped them win two Super
Bowl titles. In his two seasons
with Oakland, he was a mentor to
the All-Pro pass rusher Khalil
Mack.
“Justin Tuck is a leader and a
true professional on and off the
field,” Raiders Coach Jack Del
Rio said. “His commitment to his
teammates and the organization
was awesome, and he was a
pleasure to coach.”
Tuck was an All-Pro in 2008,
when he had 12 sacks. He fin-
ished his career with 66› sacks,
22 forced fumbles, six fumble re-
coveries and three interceptions
in 147 games. He missed the final
11 games this season with a torn
pectoral muscle.
Tuck thanked the owners of the
Raiders and the Giants; his
coaches, “for teaching me about
professionalism, preparation and
the pursuit of perfection”; and
his teammates, “for always going
to battle with me each and every
game day” and “being my broth-
ers for life.”
Tuck was the Raiders’ nominee
in 2015 for the N.F.L.’s Walter
Payton Man of the Year Award.
He said he would concentrate on
his charitable work with RUSH
for Literacy, a program that has
given more than 65,000 books to
students across the country.
BRONCOS IN MINOR ACCIDENT
The Denver Broncos’ buses were
involved in a minor accident after
the team practiced at Stanford
Stadium six days before the Su-
per Bowl.
Patrick Smyth, a team spokes-
man, said no one was injured in
the accident in the southbound
lanes of Route 101. He had no in-
formation on the cause. After-
ward, the Broncos returned to
their hotel in Santa Clara, Calif.
Outside linebacker DeMarcus
Ware posted a photo on Twitter of
the police investigating the acci-
dent. He wrote: “To keep the day
interesting, we have a small
wreck. Looks like everyone is ok
though.”
MANNING UNDECIDED ON FUTURE
Broncos quarterback Peyton
Manning was succinct when
N B13
Interpreting whether
a player is a ‘runner’
or is merely falling.
use your hands to stop and hold
an object that is moving through
the air” is one way that Merriam-
Webster neatly defines the verb
“catch.” “To seize and keep hold
of” is one way that the Oxford
English Dictionary explains it.
We catch fish, colds, thieves,
breaks, waves and fire. We catch
rides, flights, buses, trains. We
catch rising stars and falling
ones, to put in our pockets. We
catch someone’s eye, hoping the
person catches on and considers
you quite the catch. We catch
people in the act. We get our-
selves in a Catch-22.
We have catchers, which
seems as good a name as receiv-
er but was already taken. There
is “The Catcher in the Rye” and
the catch of the day.
No one disputed the Catch in
football (Dwight Clark) or the
Catch in baseball (Willie Mays).
Shonda Rhimes is making “The
Catch” for television.
Generally, the confusion over a
catch in the N.F.L. is a symptom
of instant replay, in which a plain
eyeball test will not suffice.
Where once the catch was foot-
ball’s version of obscenity — we
know it when we see it — it be-
came a play to be dissected from
all angles and the slowest pos-
sible speeds.
Scrutiny invites doubt. It is like
staring at a word — say, “catch”
— for so long that it no longer
looks right. Catch? Catch? Wait.
Ketch?
Goodell promises to take an-
other look at the catch rules this
off-season “to find a better solu-
tion, if it’s out there,” he said.
There is just one game remain-
ing before that solution — if it is
out there — is found. It just hap-
pens to be the Super Bowl, the
50th one, which would be an un-
fortunate time to be asking, “Was
that a catch?”
asked during Super Bowl media
day whether he would retire after
Sunday’s game.
“I haven’t made my mind up,”
Manning said, “and I don’t see
myself knowing that until after
the season’s over.”
No matter what Manning de-
cides, Denver does not want to
lose his backup, Brock Osweiler,
to free agency, said John Elway,
the team’s general manager and
executive vice president for foot-
ball operations.
“We’re hoping to get some-
thing done with Brock this off-
season,” Elway said, adding:
“We needed both quarterbacks.
We wouldn’t be here without both
of them.”
The Broncos and the Carolina
Panthers spoke to the news me-
dia in San Jose, Calif., during the
event, which the N.F.L. had
moved to Monday night from its
usual Tuesday daytime slot to
give more fans a chance to watch
live on cable.
FOCUS ON LEASE IN OAKLAND
With the Raiders’ prospects of
moving to Los Angeles unclear,
Mayor Libby Schaaf of Oakland
said the team’s main focus was
on securing a lease to stay at O.co
Coliseum for the 2016 season.
The N.F.L. voted last month to
allow the Rams to move to In-
glewood, Calif., with an option for
the Chargers to join them. The
Chargers plan to spend the next
year trying to secure a stadium
deal to remain in San Diego, leav-
ing the Raiders waiting to find
out whether Los Angeles is an
option for them in their long
search for a new stadium.
But before figuring out where
they can play for the long term,
the Raiders need to find a home
for next season. The team’s lease
at the Coliseum is set to expire
Feb. 17, and the Raiders have
been in talks with the Joint Pow-
ers Authority, which runs the Col-
iseum, about extending the deal
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for one year.
CARDINALS RE-SIGN TIGHT END
The Arizona Cardinals re-signed
tight end Darren Fells to a one-
year contract.
Fells, listed at 6 feet 7 inches
and 281 pounds, appeared in 14
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m
games this season, 12 as a starter.
He had career highs of 21 recep-
tions for 311 yards and three
touchdowns.
GOLDEN JOINS LIONS’ STAFF The
former University of Miami
coach Al Golden was hired as the
tight ends coach of the Detroit Li-
ons. Golden was fired in October
in the midst of his fifth season
with the Hurricanes.
B14 Ø N THE NEW YORK TIMES SPORTS TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 2016

BULLFIGHTING SCOREBOARD

A God of the Bullring Made Human PRO BASKETBALL

N.B.A. STANDINGS
PRO FOOTBALL
N.F.L. PLAYOFFS
All Times EST
EASTERN CONFERENCE PRO BOWL
From First Sports Page Sunday
Atlantic W L Pct GB At Honolulu
Team Irvin 49, Team Rice 27
the woolen cloth slicing through air Toronto 32 15 .681 —
SUPER BOWL
heavy with cigar smoke as the 1,150- Boston 27 22 .551 6 Sunday, Feb. 7
At Santa Clara, Calif.
pound Bellotero, his first bull of the Knicks 23 27 .460 10{ Denver vs. Carolina, 6:30 p.m. (CBS)
afternoon, gazed at his tiny waist.
Nets 12 37 .245 21
Finally, Tomás made a pass, and the PRO HOCKEY
Philadelphia 7 41 .146 25{
crowd exploded.
Olé! Southeast W L Pct GB N.H.L. STANDINGS
Then another pass. Miami 27 21 .563 — EASTERN CONFERENCE
Olé! Atlanta 28 22 .560 —
Atlantic W L OT Pts GF GA
Then he got too close. A horn Charlotte 23 25 .479 4
caught the inside of Tomás’s leg. He Washington 21 25 .457 5
Florida 29 15 5 63 135 108
crashed to the sand, and the crowd Orlando 21 26 .447 5{
Tampa 27 18 4 58 130 117
shrieked as the bull’s horns tore Detroit 25 16 8 58 122 124
Central W L Pct GB
away at the backs of his thighs. Boston 26 18 5 57 147 131
As a teenager in a suburb of Ma- Cleveland 35 12 .745 —
Montreal 24 22 4 52 136 134
drid, where the bullfighting schools Chicago 26 20 .565 8{
are perhaps the most competitive in Detroit 26 23 .531 10 Ottawa 23 21 6 52 139 155
Spain, Tomás struggled to attract Indiana 25 23 .521 10{ Buffalo 20 26 4 44 114 136
attention from the promoters, man- Milwaukee 20 29 .408 16 Toronto 17 22 9 43 114 134
agers and financiers who bankroll Metropolitan W L OT Pts GF GA
young matadors. He moved to Mex- WESTERN CONFERENCE
Wash. 35 8 4 74 158 104
ico to attract attention and perfect- Southwest W L Pct GB
Rangers 27 17 5 59 142 129
ed a style of bullfighting so danger- San Antonio 40 8 .833 —
ous that he has nearly been killed. Islanders 25 16 6 56 130 118
Memphis 29 20 .592 11{
In 2010, Tomás had just finished Pittsburgh 24 17 7 55 121 120
Dallas 28 23 .549 13{
an effortless natural, or left-handed Devils 25 20 5 55 114 118
pass, in Aguascalientes, Mexico, Houston 25 25 .500 16
Carolina 23 20 8 54 123 135
when a bull plunged his horn into New Orleans 18 29 .383 21{
Phila. 21 18 8 50 109 127
Tomás’s thigh, punctured the fem- Northwest W L Pct GB
oral artery and drained much of the Columbus 19 27 5 43 133 163
Oklahoma City 37 13 .740 —
blood from his body. For a while, it 26 .469 13{
Portland 23 WESTERN CONFERENCE
was unclear whether Tomás would PHOTOGRAPHS BY ADRIANA ZEHBRAUSKAS FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Utah 21 25 .457 14
survive. A souvenir poster advertising Sunday’s bullfight in Mexico City. The Central W L OT Pts GF GA
“When your mind has gotten Denver 18 30 .375 18
spectacle has experienced financial struggles in recent years. Chicago 33 16 4 70 147 122
used to the fact that you will die and Minnesota 14 35 .286 22{
Dallas 31 14 5 67 162 133
then you don’t, life turns a different Pacific W L Pct GB
St. Louis 28 16 8 64 129 128
color,” said Antonio Barrea, a mata- Golden State 44 4 .917 —
dor who sustained countless gor- L.A. Clippers 32 16 .667 12
Colorado 27 22 3 57 143 142
ings and nearly bled to death as a Nashville 24 18 8 56 129 131
Sacramento 20 27 .426 23{
teenager with an injury similar to Minnesota 23 17 9 55 121 115
Phoenix 14 35 .286 30{
the one Tomás sustained in Aguas- Winnipeg 22 24 3 47 126 140
calientes. L.A. Lakers 9 41 .180 36
Pacific W L OT Pts GF GA
In a real sense, bullfighting is MONDAY
more religion than sport, a ritual left Detroit 105, Nets 100 L.A. 30 16 3 63 129 113
Cleveland 111, Indiana 106, OT
from the ancient world. Among the Memphis 110, New Orleans 95
San Jose 26 18 4 56 142 129
pharaohs of Egypt, the wandering Oklahoma City 114, Washington 98 Arizona 24 20 5 53 131 146
tribes of the Levant, the Greek and Atlanta 112, Dallas 97 Anaheim 22 18 7 51 101 111
Cretan amphitheaters, the bulls of San Antonio 107, Orlando 92
Vancou. 20 19 11 51 122 139
the ancient world were deities. Chicago at Utah
Toronto at Denver Calgary 21 24 3 45 126 146
“You know, the matadors are
Milwaukee at Sacramento Edmonton 19 26 5 43 122 149
really the only high priests from the
pagan days we have left,” Josephs TUESDAY SUNDAY
Boston at Knicks, 7:30 All Stars: Atlantic 4, Metropolitan 3
said. Miami at Houston, 8 All Stars: Pacific 9, Central 6
In the Plaza México on Sunday, as Toronto at Phoenix, 9 All Stars: Pacific 1, Atlantic 0
Tomás lay crumpled in the sand, Milwaukee at Portland, 10
MONDAY
helpers lured Bellotero away. But Minnesota at L.A. Lakers, 10:30
No games scheduled
not for long. Only a few passes later, TUESDAY
Tomás was on the ground again, as PISTONS 105, NETS 100
Rangers at Devils, 7
the bull hooked his horns under- FG FT Reb Minnesota at Islanders, 7
DETROIT Min M-A M-A O-T A PTS
neath the jacket of Tomás’s suit and Morris 31 4-11 3-4 3-6 3 12 Toronto at Boston, 7
Ilyasova 31 5-12 5-5 3-6 0 16 Montreal at Philadelphia, 7
trampled him. Somehow, the horns Drummond 37 10-15 1-3 7-18 1 21
missed him, and Tomás went on to Jackson 31 8-20 0-0 2-3 6 19 Ottawa at Pittsburgh, 7
Cldwll-Pope 38 7-18 1-1 1-5 0 16 Florida at Washington, 7:30
register a remarkable performance. SJohnson 20 5-11 0-0 0-1 1 13 St. Louis at Nashville, 8
His derechazos, or right-hand Jennings 16
Tolliver 16
1-4
1-3
0-0 0-1 5
0-0 1-4 1
3
2 Dallas at Winnipeg, 8
passes, were long and smooth, and Hilliard 4 0-0 1-2 0-1 0 1 Chicago at Colorado, 9
Baynes 10 1-4 0-1 2-4 1 2
his left-hand passes were timed per- Totals 240 42-98 11-16 19-49 18 105 Columbus at Edmonton, 9
fectly. Percentages: FG .429, FT .688. 3-Point Los Angeles at Arizona, 9
He then placed the sword cleanly, Goals: 10-30, .333 (Jackson 3-6, S.Johnson San Jose at Anaheim, 10
3-6, Morris 1-3, Caldwell-Pope 1-4,
and earned an ear, or trophy, though Jennings 1-4, Ilyasova 1-5, Tolliver 0-2).
the audience was clamoring for two Team Rebounds: 8. Team Turnovers: 9 (5 GOLF
José Tomás after being knocked down on Sunday. He was gored in a PTS). Blocked Shots: 4 (Baynes, Caldwell-
ears, an honor akin to a triumph Pope, Drummond, Ilyasova). Turnovers:
FARMERS INSURANCE OPEN
2010 fight in Aguascalientes, Mexico, and nearly died. 9 (S.Johnson 3, Baynes 2, Drummond 2,
that would allow him to be carried Jackson, Morris). Steals: 5 (Ilyasova 2,
from the plaza. Baynes, Drummond, S.Johnson). Technical SAN DIEGO
Fouls: None. Purse: $5 million
“He gives me the entire range of FG FT Reb Torrey Pines
emotions,” Pedro Pérez, a Tomasis- and Venezuela. Still, inside the stadium, as the He even tried a dangerous style NETS Min M-A M-A O-T A PTS s-South Course: 7,698 yards; par-72
JJohnson 25 1-8 1-2 0-3 5 3 n-North Course: 7,052 yards; par-72
ta, said as Tomás made his way to Instead, there was simply a clam- sun fell and the house lights came of killing called recibiendo, placing Young 24 3-7 2-2 0-5 0 8 Final
the passageway around the ring, his or for the event, which also featured on, Tomás struggled. His second the sword as the bull charged into Lopez 36 13-19 1-1 1-5 2 27 Final two rounds played on the South
Sloan 25 2-4 0-0 0-5 4 5 Course
face covered with dirt. “I don’t Joselito Adame, a Mexican mata- bull lacked strength, and despite the him rather than jumping over the Ellington 28 4-11 0-0 0-3 1 11 B.Snedeker (500), $1,170,000 73s-70n-70-69—282 -6
engineering of some breathtaking horns. The move capped a perform- Bargnani 24 7-12 4-4 0-4 1 18
know if I want to be happy or sad, dor. Before the gates opened, front- Bogdanvic 24 3-9 0-0 2-3 0 8
K.J.Choi (300), $702,000. 68s-67n-72-76—283 -5
K.Streelman (190), $442,000 69s-69n-72-74—284 -4
cheer or cry. You never know what row seats were being resold on web- passes, he missed and struggled ance that lacked Tomás’s poetry but Robinson 10 1-4 1-2 1-4 0 3 F.Jacobson (123), $286,000 69s-69n-71-76—285 -3
Larkin 22 4-5 0-0 2-6 14 8 J.Walker (123), $286,000 69s-71n-68-77—285 -3
will happen next.” with his sword, killing poorly. earned Adame a triumphant two Brown 18 2-3 4-4 1-1 1 9 J.B.Holmes (95), $225,875 70n-68s-72-76—286 -2
Pérez had arrived early from And with his last bull, he never ears for excitement. Adame, not Totals 240 40-82 13-15 7-39 28 100 J.Blixt (95), $225,875 . . . 77s-66n-66-77—286 -2
Percentages: FG .488, FT .867. 3-Point B.Horschel (75), $175,500 67n-70s-74-76—287 -1
Tlaxcala, another state, and had had a chance. Once the chute swung Tomás, was carried through the Goals: 7-16, .438 (Ellington 3-5, Bogdanovic P.Kizzire (75), $175,500 . 67n-73s-71-76—287 -1
rarely seen the streets outside the A rare appearance open and the animal emerged, the streets as fans reached out to touch 2-4, Brown 1-1, Sloan 1-1, Lopez 0-1,
J.Johnson 0-4). Team Rebounds: 9. Team
A.Baddeley (75), $175,500 73s-69n-69-76—287 -1
M.Laird (75), $175,500 . . 69s-68n-73-77—287 -1
bullring so packed. Vendors had set frustrated crowd whistled in pro- his hand, his suit of lights — any
by a matador who Turnovers: 11 (22 PTS). Blocked Shots: 4 J.Huh (75), $175,500 . . . 69n-69s-71-78—287 -1
part of him. It was as if they were S.Lowry (58), $125,667 . 71n-71s-73-73—288 E
out their grills and paella pans, and test. The bull, despite its speed, was (Lopez 2, Brown, Young). Turnovers: 11
(J.Johnson 3, Larkin 3, Brown 2, Sloan 2, P.Dunne (0), $125,667 . . 69s-71n-71-77—288 E
too small, they felt. A substitute bull touching a saint.
restaurant tables were filled with
aficionados wearing sombreros and
cultivates an air was called in. This bull was also At his hotel, Tomás emerged to
Young). Steals: 5 (Brown, Larkin, Lopez,
Robinson, Sloan). Technical Fouls: None.
H.Swafford (58), $125,667 70s-71n-69-78—288 E
C.Howell III (55), $107,250 70n-71s-73-75—289 +1
C.Knost (55), $107,250 . 70n-73s-68-78—289 +1
ascots and feasting and drinking. of mysticism. small, and lacked strength, and
Tomás had no choice but to kill it
have a late dinner with his handlers.
He wore dark jeans, black shoes, a
Detroit. . . . . . . . 28 26 24 27—105
Nets . . . . . . . . . 26 31 18 25—100
S.Kim (50), $79,114. . . . 70n-68s-75-77—290 +2
T.Finau (50), $79,114. . . 71s-71n-71-77—290 +2
Oddly, it was hard to find any ani- A—13,290 (17,732). T—2:04. Officials—Eric D.Johnson (50), $79,114 70s-66n-74-80—290 +2
Lewis, Kevin Cutler, Mark Lindsay. R.Streb (50), $79,114. . . 71s-72n-75-72—290 +2
mal rights activists, who have de- quickly and register his most disap- flamenco-style scarf. He was asked J.Vegas (50), $79,114 . . 72s-69n-69-80—290 +2
veloped a presence in Mexico City, pointing performance in years. how he felt. H.Iwata (50), $79,114. . . 69n-73s-68-80—290 +2
G.Woodland (50), $79,114 68n-67s-73-82—290 +2
often shouting through their bull- sites for nearly $8,000 each. Bull- Adame seized the moment. With “What can one do?” he said in COLLEGE BASKETBALL S.Kaufman (44), $49,617 69s-71n-75-76—291 +3
fighting may have taken a financial the final bull of the day, he executed Spanish, shaking his head. He B.Cauley (44), $49,617 71s-69n-72-79—291 +3
horns that something as cruel as
A.P. MEN'S TOP 25 POLL S.Stallings (44), $49,617 68n-73s-71-79—291 +3
bullfights should be abolished in beating in recent years — from pro- all the tricks to win the laggard looked sullen and deflated and very K.Stanley (44), $49,617 69s-73n-74-75—291 +3
The top 25 teams in The Associated Press' J.Kokrak (44), $49,617 75s-67n-69-80—291 +3
places that still hold them: the tests, prohibitions, the struggle of crowd over. He dropped to his much like a typical matador after a college basketball poll, with first-place B.Crane (44), $49,617 71s-68n-71-81—291 +3
south of France; Spain, outside Bar- the Spanish economy — but Tomás knees, spun the capes like pin- rough afternoon — no longer the votes in parentheses, records through Jan.
31, total points based on 25 points for
celona; Portugal; Peru; Mexico; has been considered a kind of savior wheels and got so close he touched mysterious god of the bulls so many a first-place vote through one point for a COLLEGE BASKETBALL
Colombia; Ecuador; Guatemala; amid the dwindling spectacle. . the horns with his fingers. people had come to see. 25th-place vote and previous ranking:
Record Pts Prv
1. Oklahoma (45) . . . . . 18-2 1,605
2. North Carolina (20) . . 19-2 1,578
1
2
MEN'S SCORES
3. Villanova . . . . . . . . 18-3 1,384 6 EAST
4. Maryland . . . . . . . . 19-3 1,366 8 American U. 58 . . . . . . . . Holy Cross 45

GOLF SPORTS BRIEFING

5. Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . 17-4 1,362 3 Iona 75 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . St. Peter’s 67
6. Xavier . . . . . . . . . . 19-2 1,344 7 Loyola (Md.) 68 . . . . . . . . . . Colgate 65
7. Kansas . . . . . . . . . 17-4 1,233 4 Monmouth (NJ) 93 . . . . . . . . . Siena 87
8. Texas A&M . . . . . . . 18-3 1,169 5 Navy 64 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Army 50
9. Virginia . . . . . . . . . 17-4 1,086 11 Quinnipiac 64. . . . . . . . . . . . Fairfield 59
10. Michigan St. . . . . . . 19-4 1,018 12 St. John Fisher 94 . . . . . . . . . Utica 68

Snedeker Triumphs in the Wind HOCKEY 2010. He was previously the presi-
dent of the University of Washing-
ton. (AP)
11. Providence . . . . . . . 18-4
12. SMU . . . . . . . . . . . 19-1
13. Iowa St. . . . . . . . . . 16-5
14. West Virginia . . . . . 17-4
900
853
851
814
10
13
14
9
Stockton 66 . . . . . . . Rutgers-Newark
William Paterson 87 . . Rutgers-Camden
SOUTH
Chattanooga 125 . . . . . . The Citadel
63
62

85
Boston University Advances 15. Baylor . . . . . . . . . . 17-4
16. Oregon . . . . . . . . . 18-4
728
551
17
23
Delaware St. 86 . . . . . . . . . Cheyney
Georgetown (Ky.) 86 . . . Cumberlands
70
73
SAN DIEGO (AP) — Brandt Sne- 17. Miami . . . . . . . . . . 16-4 537 15 Jacksonville 83. . . . Florida Gulf Coast 80
deker won the praise of his peers for Robbie Baillargeon and Charlie Mc- 18. Purdue . . . . . . . . . 19-4 511 21 Kennesaw St. 75 . . . . . . SC-Upstate 62
Avoy scored first-period goals, and
SOCCER 19. Louisville . . . . . . . . 17-4 478 16 Life 77 . . . . . . . . . . . Lindsey Wilson 63
a closing round at Torrey Pines that 20. Kentucky . . . . . . . . 16-5 429 20 Louisville 71. . . . . . . . North Carolina 65
left them in awe. Boston University, the defending 21. Wichita St. . . . . . . . 16-5
22. Indiana . . . . . . . . . 18-4
323
270
22
19
MVSU 72 . . . . . . . . . . Grambling St. 59
Md.-Eastern Shore 85 . . . . . . Howard 67
Now he has a trophy to show for Beanpot champion, beat Northeast- Messi to Skip Rio Olympics 23. Arizona . . . . . . . . . 17-5 245 18 Mercer 85 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Samford 70
24. Dayton . . . . . . . . . 18-3 168 — Morgan St. 83 . . . . . . . . . Coppin St. 43
it. ern, 3-1, on Monday night to set up a The Barcelona star Lionel Messi will 25. South Carolina . . . . 19-2 87 — NC Central 81 . . . . . . . . Florida A&M 63
Others receiving votes: Saint Mary's (Cal) NJIT 90 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lipscomb 78
Snedeker won the Farmers Insur- tournament championship next skip the Rio Olympics because he 63, Southern Cal 40, Utah 33, VCU 33, New Orleans 74 . . . . . . . Nicholls St. 53
ance Open on Monday when the Monday against Boston College. needs rest, Gerardo Martino, Messi’s
Michigan 21, Notre Dame 21, Valparaiso Oakland 85 . . . . . . . . . . N. Kentucky 74
7, Duke 6, Pittsburgh 4, Florida 3, Saint SE Louisiana 82 . . . . . . McNeese St. 80
conditions turned out to be just as Boston College beat Harvard, 3-2, coach, said Monday. Joseph's 1, San Diego St. 1, Stony Brook Spring Hill 74 . . . . . . . LeMoyne-Owen 67
1, Texas 1.
tough as when he shot his 69 on in the first game at TD Garden in
Stetson 86 . . . . . . . . . North Florida 82
Martino said Messi would play in Tenn. Wesleyan 96 . . . . . . . Voorhees 88
Sunday, a score that was roughly Boston. Texas Southern 71 . . . Alabama A&M 66
the Centennial Copa América tour- A.P. WOMEN'S TOP 25 POLL Union (Ky.) 84 . . . . . . . . . . . . Bryan 67
nine shots better than the field aver- MIDWEST
The Terriers are headed to their nament in the United States, but not The top 25 teams in The Associated Press'
age. women's college basketball poll, with
E. Illinois 101 . . . . . . . . . St. Ambrose 59
51st Beanpot championship in the in the Olympics in Brazil. first-place votes in parentheses, records
Ferris St. 74 . . . . . . Grand Valley St. 71
Jimmy Walker had a one-shot through Jan. 31, total points based on 25
Michigan Tech 69 . . . . . . N. Michigan 56
lead on Snedeker and K. J. Choi 64th year of the tournament, and Martino said it was “too much” for points for a first-place vote through one
Saginaw Valley St. 72 . . . . . Hillsdale 69
DONALD MIRALLE/GETTY IMAGES SOUTHWEST
when the final round resumed after they have won 30 times. Boston Col- Messi to play in both events and in point for a 25th-place vote and previous Houston 71 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SMU 68
Brandt Snedeker finished with a ranking: Sam Houston St. 69 . . . . . . . . Lamar 66
strong winds had toppled about a lege is looking for its 20th title. World Cup qualifiers. Record Pts Prv
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CO PY R I G H T A N D P R OT E C T E D BY A P P L I C A B L E L AW

dozen trees on the South Course.
With a powerful wind from the op-
posite direction, Walker and Choi
tried to hang on with pars and could
not.
“The way the wind blew and
made those last five holes play so
six-under-par 282 to win the
Farmers Insurance Open.
282 in 1979. The average score was
77.9, the highest fourth-round aver-
age at a regular PGA Tour event
since the tour began keeping such
(AP) The Centennial Copa América will
1. UConn (32) . . . . . . . 20-0 800 1
2. South Carolina. . . . . 21-0 765 2 WOMEN'S SCORES
begin June 3, and the Olympics will 3. Notre Dame . . . . . . 20-1 739 3
4. Baylor . . . . . . . . . . 21-1 700 4 EAST
start Aug. 5. 5. Maryland . . . . . . . . 19-2 659 5 Bryant 65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CCSU 53
Fairleigh Dickinson 73 St. Francis (Pa.) 72
6. Texas . . . . . . . . . . 20-1 652 6
COLLEGE ATHLETICS Messi, 28, led Argentina to the gold 7. Ohio St. . . . . . . . . . 16-4 590 7 Iona 79 . . . . . . . . . . . . Canisius 76, OT
8. Arizona St. . . . . . . . 18-3 587 8 Kean 58 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NJ City 49
medal in 2008 at the Beijing Olym- 9. Oregon St. . . . . . . . 17-3 542 9 Robert Morris 74 . . . Mount St. Mary’s 67
pics. (AP)
10. Florida St. . . . . . . . 18-4 500 11 Sacred Heart 62 . . . . . . LIU Brooklyn 53
11. Mississippi St.. . . . . 19-4 452 13 Wagner 82 . . St. Francis Brooklyn 78, OT
A New Deal for Emmert Æ The transfer deadline for Euro- 12. Texas A&M. . . . . . . 15-6 443 10 SOUTH
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m

13. Louisville . . . . . . . . 17-5 408 14 Alabama A&M 57 . . . . Texas Southern 51

tough on those guys, I feel bad for
them,” Snedeker said. “They got the
raw end of the stick this morning.
But that’s just the way golf goes,
and luckily enough, I played good
enough yesterday to get the job
done. So it’s a special feeling, to say
the least.”
Snedeker won at six-under-par
282, the highest winning score at
Torrey Pines since Fuzzy Zoeller’s
statistics in 1983.
Snedeker won for the second time
at Torrey Pines. He played the final
17 holes without a bogey in winds of
more than 40 miles per hour and oc-
casional rain that forced suspension
of play three times before the South
Course was evacuated.
Of the 23 players who finished on
Sunday, there were 11 rounds in the
80s.
Mark Emmert, the president of the
N.C.A.A., received a three-year con-
tract extension to October 2020.
The N.C.A.A. board of governors
approved an extension last month
and announced Monday that it had
voted unanimously to make it a
three-year deal with a one-year op-
tion.
Emmert has led the N.C.A.A. since
pean soccer was Monday. As the
transfer window closed, Stoke com-
pleted the biggest winter move by
paying $26.4 million for Giannelli
Imbula.
Stoke, a Premier League club,
broke its transfer record to sign
Imbula, 23, a defensive midfielder
from Porto. The deal is for five and a
half years. (AP)
14. UCLA . . . . . . . . . . 16-5 372 15
15. Stanford . . . . . . . . 17-5 311 16
16. Miami . . . . . . . . . . 18-3 292 17
17. Michigan St. . . . . . . 16-4 273 18
18. Kentucky . . . . . . . . 15-5 248 12
19. South Florida . . . . . 15-5 212 20
20. Oklahoma . . . . . . . 15-5 195 21
21. Missouri . . . . . . . . . 18-4 181 22
22. Florida . . . . . . . . . . 18-4 150 —
23. Tennessee . . . . . . . 13-8 60 19
24. Washington . . . . . . 16-5 47 25
25. Oklahoma St. . . . . . 16-4 45 —
Others receiving votes: George Washington
40, DePaul 37, West Virginia 26, UTEP 21,
San Diego 14, Colorado St. 11, BYU 7,
Green Bay 6, Duquesne 5, NC State 3,
Purdue 3, Albany (NY) 2, Duke 2.
Alabama St. 65 . . . . . . . Prairie View 54
Auburn 63 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LSU 53
Florida A&M 55 . . . . . . . . NC Central 45
Gardner-Webb 68 . . . . . . . . Campbell 56
Grambling St. 65 . . . . . . . . . . MVSU 52
Liberty 59 . . . . . Charleston Southern 49
Md.-Eastern Shore 62 . . . . . . Howard 59
Morgan St. 72 . . . . . . . . . Coppin St. 51
Notre Dame 68 . . . . . . . . . . . Duke 61
Presbyterian 75 . . . . . . . . Longwood 49
Radford 49 . . . . . . . Coastal Carolina 36
Syracuse 57 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Miami 51
UNC Asheville 67 . . . . . . . . Winthrop 59
MIDWEST
Ohio St. 80 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Illinois 70
SOUTHWEST
Ark.-Pine Bluff 71 . . . . . . Jackson St. 66
 THE NEW YORK TIMES SPORTS TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 2016 N B15

HOCKEY OBITUARIES

Myron Beldock, 86, Civil Rights Lawyer

Who Fought for Lost Causes, Is Dead
By ROBERT D. McFADDEN
Myron Beldock, a lawyer who
championed seemingly lost crim-
inal causes but won freedom for
various wrongly convicted men,
including the former boxer Rubin
(Hurricane) Carter after he had
served 19 years in prison for
three murders in New Jersey,
died on Monday at a hospice in
Manhattan. He was 86.
His wife, Karen L. Dippold,
confirmed the death but did not
specify the cause. Mr. Beldock
lived in Greenwich Village.
The son of a Brooklyn judge,
Mr. Beldock specialized in crimi-
nal and civil rights law but styled
himself an old-time general prac-
titioner. Most of his cases were
not high-profile murder-and-
mayhem trials, and most of his
days in court were spent inglori- LOUIS LANZANO/ASSOCIATED PRESS

ously with clients accused of
AARON DOSTER/USA TODAY SPORTS, VIA REUTERS
wrongdoing that never made
headlines, or with plaintiffs,
Goalie Cory Schneider, battling John Scott in Saturday’s All-Star Game skills competition, leads many of them poor and black,
the N.H.L. in ice time this season. Schneider’s Devils are ninth in the Eastern Conference.
who contended that their rights
had been infringed on by employ-
ers or government agencies.
Brodeur’s Successor Finds a Home “I was a creature of my time,
liberal, progressive and idealis-
tic,” he said in an interview for
Myron Beldock, right, with the mother of Yusef Salaam, one of
the five defendants in the Central Park jogger case, in 2002.
dock’s relentless cross-examina- A TOP CHEF’S DEATH
tion, which exposed numerous Friends and associates of the
contradictions in her story. “Stop French-Swiss chef Benoît Violier
bothering me. I know it, he knows
it and God knows it.”
When Mr. Beldock objected,
were trying to understand what
led to his death in Switzerland at
age 44. International, Page A4.

And Is Helping the Devils Rebuild this obituary in 2014. “Yes, I

By DAVE CALDWELL
NEWARK — Cory and Jill
Schneider have a 3-month-old
son, Wyatt, and the family just
moved into a house in Short Hills,
N.J., with a backyard that Cory
says is big enough for their 11-
year-old sheepdog, Bella.
In that way, Cory Schneider,
one month from his 30th birth-
day, is finally settling down. But
he is also still thriving in his role
as the Devils’ No. 1 goaltender, a
season and a half after inheriting
the job from Martin Brodeur,
whose No. 30 jersey number will
be retired Feb. 9.
Schneider sounded like a sub-
urbanite when he said, with a
smile: “I think Jersey sometimes
gets an unfair label. You get off
the turnpike, and there are just
beautiful towns, beautiful places
to live, nice communities. There’s
a lot going on.”
What has not happened in New
Jersey since Schneider was ac-
quired from the Vancouver Ca-
nucks on June 30, 2013, is a play-
off game. The Devils, winners of
three Cups from 1995 to 2003,
have missed the playoffs in four
of the last five seasons. Schnei-
der, a polite and chatty redhead,
has a mission: to get the Devils to
the postseason.
After Ray Shero replaced Lou
Lamoriello, the general manager
for 28 years, and hired as coach
the N.H.L. rookie John Hynes last
summer, the Devils were expect-
ed to have a rebuilding season,
appearing to have little firepower
to win games by even 2-1 or 1-0.
But the Devils (25-20-5, 55
points) hold down ninth place in
the Eastern Conference entering
the two-month final push of the
regular season, which they open
Tuesday at home against the
Rangers. Pittsburgh (24-17-7, 55
points) holds a wild-card playoff
spot because it has played two
fewer games than the Devils.
Only 4 points separate the third-
and ninth-place teams in the
Eastern standings.
Schneider, who played in his
first All-Star Game on Sunday,
has been on the ice more than
any player in the N.H.L. this sea-
son: 2,509 minutes 33 seconds.
He is among the top seven goal-
ies in four key statistical catego-
ries, with a .929 save percentage,
a 2.03 goals against average, four
shutouts and 22 victories.
“When you can build from the
net out, you give yourself a good
chance every night,” Hynes said.
Kyle Palmieri, who has scored
a career-high 20 goals in his first
season with the Devils, said of
Schneider: “It goes beyond just
being on the ice and competing in
practice. He raises his game to
another level once it’s time to
drop the puck in the real deal.
“Away from the ice, you see
how much he cares and how
much of a professional he is,”
Palmieri said. “With a goalie with
the workload he has, it’s incredi-
ble that he brings his ‘A’ game ev-
ery night. He doesn’t have nights
off. He’s a guy a lot of goalies can
learn from.”
After finishing among the bot-
tom four N.H.L. teams in scoring
in each of the last three seasons,
the Devils have inched up to fifth-
worst in the league, with 114
goals. But they have been out-
scored by only four goals this
season.
“Listen, we’ve been in a lot of
one-goal games, and he always
comes up big for us,” Devils cen-
ter Travis Zajac said. “He’s stolen
some games for us this year. He’s
a guy who brings it every day
with his work ethic. He’s got a
quiet confidence back there, and
he’s been around some good
goalies to learn from, and now I
think he’s taken the ball and run
with it.”
It is all but impossible for
Schneider to hide from Brodeur’s
legacy; mini-replicas of the three
Stanley Cups are on a shelf in the
Devils’ dressing room, and many
of Brodeur’s records and accom-
plishments are detailed on the
walls. Before Brodeur’s number
will be hoisted to the rafters at
the Rock next week, a bronze
statue of him will be unveiled.
Settled on the ice
and off it, keeping
a team in the hunt.
Schneider, at 6 feet 3 inches
and 205 pounds, is an inch taller
but 15 pounds lighter than Bro-
deur. While Brodeur used a hy-
brid butterfly style to make acro-
batic saves and handled a stick
like a light saber, Schneider plays
to the textbook, rarely getting
caught out of position. His .926
career save percentage is .014
better than Brodeur’s.
In his first season with the
Devils, Schneider split time with
Brodeur. Although both goalies
handled the situation gracefully
in public, each also made it clear
he wanted to play more. When
Brodeur became a free agent in
July 2014, Lamoriello let him go,
instead handing Schneider a sev-
en-year contract extension worth
$42 million.
“In terms of replacing him, I
learned pretty quickly that I’m
going to have to be my own guy,”
Schneider said of Brodeur. “What
I am trying to do is to continue
Schneider is among the league’s top goalies with a .929 save
percentage, a 2.03 goals against average and 22 victories.
that tradition of great goaltend-
ing. Marty set the standard of
‘We’re not going to get any easy
ones against Jersey.’ He set that
standard for a long time. So, for
me, I see that as my challenge.”
Before the Devils picked him
up from the Canucks in a stun-
ning trade on N.H.L. draft day at
Prudential Center, Schneider
split time in Vancouver with Ro-
berto Luongo, who is now with
the Florida Panthers and is also
ranked among the top N.H.L.
goaltenders.
Schneider liked playing in Van-
couver, which loves its hockey
club. Schneider said the team
was close, so Vancouver felt like
a second home to the Boston
area, where he grew up and
where he and his wife like to
spend their summers.
Before he was traded, Schnei-
der, much like Brodeur before he
was drafted, said he knew virtu-
ally nothing about New Jersey,
other than that it was across the
river from New York City. But
their relatives were four hours
away, and Cory and Jill liked liv-
ing for two years in Hoboken.
“That first year was definitely
a transition year for me,” he said.
“I was just trying to get a feel for
everything. Lou ran things a cer-
tain way. That was refreshing,
but also, at times, it was hard, be-
cause you got to figure it out and
you’re trying to do the right
things. You had to learn what it
was like to be a Devil. And that
took a little while.”
Lamoriello is gone, and Shero
and Hynes have relaxed rules to
include regular-season beards.
Schneider has one.
But he remains an intense
competitor, even if the atmos-
phere around the team is a little
more carefree. In their final home
game before the All-Star break,
the Devils scored five first-period
goals in a 6-3 victory over Otta-
wa. But Schneider smashed his
stick on the goal post and again
on the bench after allowing a late
goal.
“Hey, we’re going to have to
come through, all of us, and not
just shut down one or two guys,”
Schneider said. “We score by
committee, we defend by com-
mittee, we count on each other to
get the job done and not rely on
one or two guys to go do it for us.”
BRUCE BENNETT/GETTY IMAGES
wanted to rectify injustices and
improve the criminal justice sys-
tem. But basically, I took what-
ever came my way.”
Mr. Beldock became nationally
known for defending people who
had already been convicted and
imprisoned, like Mr. Carter and
his co-defendant, John Artis —
black men who were accused of
firing shotgun and pistol blasts
that killed two white men and a
white woman in a Paterson, N.J.,
bar in 1966. Mr. Carter, a leading
middleweight at the time, said he
had been a victim of racial bias,
framed for speaking out on civil
rights.
Mr. Beldock, over more than a
decade, helped to expose false
testimony by witnesses and mis-
conduct by Passaic County pros-
ecutors in two earlier trials, help-
ing Mr. Carter and Mr. Artis win
reversals in 1985.
The case inspired celebrity
protests; a song by Bob Dylan;
best-selling books, including Mr.
Carter’s autobiography, “The
16th Round” (1974); and a 1999
movie, “The Hurricane,” starring
Denzel Washington as Mr. Car-
ter.
In another major case, Mr. Bel-
dock represented Yusef Salaam,
one of five young black and Lati-
no men who had falsely con-
fessed on videotape to the 1989
beating and rape of a woman who
became known as the Central
Park jogger. After serving terms
of seven and a half years to 13
and a half years, the five were ex-
onerated in 2002, when an impris-
oned serial rapist, Matias Reyes,
confessed to the crime and pros-
ecutors confirmed his account
with DNA evidence.
Early in his career, Mr. Bel-
dock won dismissal of an at-
tempted rape charge against
George Whitmore Jr., a teenager
arrested in Brooklyn in 1964 who
would become a national symbol
of injustice.
After days of questioning, Mr.
Whitmore confessed to the at-
tempted rape of a nurse, the rape
and murder of a Brooklyn woman
and the knife killings of Janice
Wylie and Emily Hoffert in 1963
in Manhattan, a case known as
the “Career Girl Murders.” He
later recanted the confessions,
saying he had been beaten into
signing the statements.
In the attempted rape case, Mr.
Whitmore was convicted twice
and sentenced to five to 10 years
after the second trial, largely on
the testimony of the nurse, Elba
Borrero. The first verdict was re-
versed after a finding of preju-
dice on the jury; the second after
it was found that his confession
was tainted.
Mr. Whitmore had been incar-
cerated for three years when Mr.
Beldock, in a third trial, success-
fully challenged the victim’s iden-
tification of the perpetrator; she
had viewed him through a peep-
hole in a police station where Mr.
Whitmore stood out as the only
black man in a lineup.
“All I know is, George Whit-
more attacked me that night,”
Ms. Borerro said during Mr. Bel-
Daniel E. Slotnik contributed re-
porting.
she jumped up and said, “You
weren’t raped that night, sir.”
Mr. Beldock objected again. A
broken Ms. Borerro, turning to
the bench, pleaded, “Judge, do
you know what it is to go through
this for five years?”
Mr. Beldock retorted, “Do you
know what it is to spend three
years in jail?”
There was no answer. Mr. Bel-
dock had won his point.
After many witnesses said Mr.
TYRONE DUKES/THE NEW YORK TIMES
Mr. Beldock in 1976.
Winning freedom
for people who were
wrongly convicted
and imprisoned.
Whitmore had been in Wildwood,
N.J., on the day of the Wylie-
Hoffert murders, prosecutors in
1965 dismissed those charges and
the Brooklyn rape-and-murder
case.
Coerced confessions by Mr.
Whitmore became instrumental
in the 1966 Miranda decision by
the Supreme Court, which re-
quired the police to advise sus-
pects of their rights to remain si-
lent and be represented by a law-
yer. They were also decisive in
the 1965 repeal of capital punish-
ment in New York State except in
the murder of police officers.
Mr. Beldock was a rumpled fig-
ure with an actor’s repertoire in
court. He could fumble with pa-
pers at the defense table, shrug,
feign forgetfulness, give the im-
pression he had finished ques-
tioning a witness and then jump
up with one more question — and
start into a tigerish attack that
was the heart of the matter.
He was a hero to many civil
rights leaders, who called him a
crusader for justice. But prosecu-
tors, police officials and police
union leaders often questioned
his tactics, insisting that he freed
killers and notorious criminals on
technicalities and eroded respect
for the law in the guise of protect-
ing civil liberties. In any case, Mr.
Beldock was no idealist.
“The world isn’t run by ideal-
ism; it’s run by power and
money,” he told The New York
Times in 2004 after winning a
round in a civil proceeding for the
family of Gidone Busch, an emo-
tionally disturbed Hasidic man
shot and killed by police officers
in Brooklyn in 1999. “Power is
easily misused by those in power.
You either roll over or you fight
back.”
Myron Beldock was born in
Brooklyn on March 27, 1929, to
George and Irene Goldstein Bel-
dock. He graduated from Eras-
mus Hall High School in 1946 and
from Hamilton College in upstate
New York in 1950. After serving
in the Army from 1951 to 1954, he
earned his law degree from Har-
vard in 1958. He was an assistant
federal prosecutor in Brooklyn
from 1958 to 1960. In 1964, he
helped form Beldock, Levine &
Hoffman, his professional base.
In 1953, Mr. Beldock married
Elizabeth Pease. They were di-
vorced in 1969. He married Ms.
Dippold, a lawyer with his firm,
in 1986. Besides her, his survivors
include four children from his
first marriage, David, Benjamin,
Jennifer Fogarty and Hannah
Beldock; another son, Adam
Schmalholz; and three grandchil-
dren.
Mr. Beldock’s most famous cli-
ent was Hurricane Carter. Except
for being black, neither Mr. Car-
ter nor his co-defendant, Mr.
Artis, matched the original de-
scriptions of the killers in the
New Jersey bar.
Entertainment, sports, civil
rights and political leaders rallied
to support Mr. Carter in the first
trial, in 1967. Witnesses said both
defendants were elsewhere at the
time of the shootings. But two
witnesses placed them at the
scene, and the defendants were
convicted and sentenced to long
terms. The celebrity support
melted away. In prison, the defi-
ant Mr. Carter refused to work or
wear a uniform.
Mr. Beldock joined the case in
1973. He won a new trial in 1974
after the New Jersey public de-
fender and The Times independ-
ently obtained recantations from
the two key prosecution witness-
es, who said they had been pres-
sured into giving false testimony.
But one recanted his recantation
at the second trial, and the de-
fendants were convicted again in
1976.
Mr. Artis was paroled in 1981.
In 1985, after state appeals for
Mr. Carter’s release failed, Mr.
Beldock obtained a federal court
hearing in Newark, and Judge H.
Lee Sarokin overturned the con-
victions on grounds that prosecu-
tors had withheld evidence dis-
proving their last eyewitness tes-
timony and improperly made the
assertion that racial revenge was
the motive for the killings. Mr.
Carter was released, and the
New Jersey attorney general did
not reinstate the cases. Mr. Car-
ter died in 2014.
After prosecution efforts ended
in 1988, Mr. Beldock gave a cele-
bratory party at his Greenwich
Village apartment. “The real
story,” he said, “is the fact that
good triumphs over evil, and how
hard it is to get there.”
More obituaries appear on
the following page.
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P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m
B16 N THE NEW YORK TIMES OBITUARIES TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 2016

Murray Louis, Choreographer and Innovator With a Comic Flair, Dies at 89

By JACK ANDERSON
Murray Louis, the son of a
Brooklyn baker who won acclaim
as a brilliantly nimble dancer and
a quirky and often surprising
choreographer, died on Monday at
his home in New York City. He was
89.
His death was announced by
the Nikolais/Louis Foundation for
Dance, which did not specify the
cause. Mr. Louis and the
choreographer Alwin Nikolais
had been artistic collaborators
and companions for more than 40
years.
As both a performer and a
maker of dances, Mr. Louis was
notable for his quick directional
shifts, tiny darting gestures and
unexpected contrasts between ri-
gidity and stillness.
With a mind as agile as his
limbs, he was able to make sepa-
rate parts of his body seem to
move as if they were independent
of one another. He could hold at-
tention as easily with a waggling
toe as he could with flurries of arm
and torso movements.
“The effect of his quick and en-
ergy-rippling movements was
such that he appeared to be under
a flickering strobe light,” the
dance critic Anna Kisselgoff wrote
in The New York Times in 1972
about his performance in a work
called “Intersection.”
Mr. Louis’s bounciness helped
make him a major comic artist.
“Comedy has to be in the nature
of the choreographer,’’ he said in
an interview in 1979. “It has to be a
deep-rooted philosophy about liv-
ing. It has to be an essential ingre-
dient, a leavening agent in the
dough of life.”
One of his best-known comedies
was “Junk Dances” (1964), in
which he and Phyllis Lamhut por-
trayed a down-and-out husband
and wife — he, lazy and beer-
drinking; she, zealously pos-
sessive — living in a trash-littered
alley.
That dance, both funny and
poignant, could be interpreted as
a commentary on the vicissitudes
Deaths
Alpert, Philip Gumley, Irwin
Budick, Ben Halperin, Arlene
Chazan, Libby Halpin, William
Frey, Dale Maidman, Gail
Greenberg, Kenneth Minor, Michael
Greenberg, Molly Oshinsky, Myron
Gross, Ronald Piscitelli, Peter
ALPERT–Philip, 90. Born HALPERIN–Arlene Sunny.
JACK MANNING/THE NEW YORK TIMES SAM FALK/THE NEW YORK TIMES
Murray Louis, left, surrounded by company members in a rehearsal for the season opening at the Kaye Playhouse at Hunter College, and right, in performance.
of marriage and the ways in which where he stayed for several years New York with Mr. Nikolais, who the new company Murray Louis forming — you can’t correct or re-
people litter their lives with emo- and developed interests in music headed the dance program at the and Nikolais Dance. peat, once the heat is on.”
tional junk. and literature. He graduated from Henry Street Settlement Play- A vivid conversationalist, Mr. Mr. Louis was a recipient of the
Mr. Louis also staged works for Samuel Tilden High School in house on the Lower East Side. At Louis could combine lofty aes- Dance Magazine Award, two
the Royal Danish Ballet, the Ham- Brooklyn in 1943. With World War the time, Mr. Nikolais was begin- thetic thoughts with pungent Guggenheim fellowships and
burg Ballet, the Scottish Ballet, II underway, he soon entered the ning the choreographic comic observations about the grants from the Rockefeller, Mel-
the Limón Dance Company and Office of Naval Intelligence in San experiments that would make him foibles of dancers. The same com- lon and Ford foundations. He was
the Batsheva Dance Company. In Francisco, where he settled after an internationally acclaimed mas- bination of idealism and levity a Knight of the Order of Arts and
1975 and 1978, Rudolf Nureyev ap- his discharge in 1946. ter of mixed-media dance. marked his two collections of es- Letters of the French govern-
peared as a guest artist with the As a child, Mr. Louis had at- Mr. Louis danced in Mr. Niko- says, “Inside Dance” (1980) and ment.
Louis company, and Mr. Louis tended dance performances with lais’s productions while finding “On Dance” (1992). One of Mr. Louis’s most memo-
time to study speech and theater In “Inside Dance” he declared rable and moving works was cre-
choreographed “Vivace,” a solo a sister who was taking dance
at New York University. He soon that “sweat is beautiful” and re- ated in 1994 as a memorial to Mr.
that showed Nureyev’s flair to lessons. Enthralled by the art, he
made his own debut as a Nikolais, his longtime collabora-
best advantage. studied in San Francisco with
choreographer, and in 1953 he es- tor and companion, who had died
Murray Louis Fuchs was born Anna Halprin (then known as Ann
tablished his own dance company. the previous year at 82. Mr. Louis
on Nov. 4, 1926, in Brooklyn, the
son of Aaron Fuchs, a baker, and
Halprin), a prominent modern-
dance teacher. The Henry Street Settlement A performer whose titled it “Alone.”
the former Rose Mintzer. He used Ms. Halprin encouraged him, became ever more crowded with
dance activities, and by 1970 Mr.
waggling toe could In the piece, Mr. Louis never
moved far from one spot, making
to joke that as a child he was edu- suggesting that he study with the
cated by the three M’s: Macy’s de- German-born choreographer Nikolais and Mr. Louis realized rivet an audience. the empty stage around him seem
partment store, the Metropolitan Hanya Holm, who taught each that their companies had out- like a vast void. He kept turning
Museum of Art and 10-cent movie summer at Colorado College. It grown the premises. After that, from side to side, as if expecting
theaters. was there that he met Mr. Niko- they made their headquarters in someone to enter, but no one was
marked: “All those who attend a
When Mr. Louis was 8, his fa- lais, a young dancer from Con- various settings around Manhat- ever there. Nor was there anyone
dance performance find them-
ther, impoverished by the Depres- necticut. tan. to touch when he spread his arms
selves at some point during the
sion, placed him in an orphanage, Mr. Louis went from Colorado to Mr. Louis and Mr. Nikolais wide.
continued to maintain separate evening undressing the dancers From time to time, as he danced
companies for many years, with with their eyes. Why not?” to recorded music by Astor Piaz-
Deaths Deaths some dancers moving back and He also reminisced about per- zolla, he clenched his fists, then
forth between them. In 1987 they forming in everything from or- bent over and drummed them
Schmidt, Bernard MAIDMAN–Gail A.
Congregation Emanu-El of
SMITH–Howard. were the subject of a PBS docu- nate opera houses to an Indian quietly on the floor. Yet he always
Sloan, Howard Greater New York Hospital
Smith, Howard
the City of New York records Association (GNYHA) mou- mentary, “Nik and Murray,” part theater in which monkeys swung preserved his decorum and never
with deep sorrow the death of rns the passing of Howard
Sussillo, Joseph our devoted member, Gail Smith, former Board Chair- of the “American Masters” series. from the rafters. A fine cook him- exploded into rage or grief. End-
Sussman, Marvin
Maidman. With her family, man of Lutheran Medical They merged their troupes for self, he observed in “Inside ing the solo, he slumped in dejec-
we share the grief of loss and Center and the United Hospi-
bereavement. It is our hope tal Fund, and the embo- economic reasons in 1989, calling Dance” that “cooking is like per- tion.
and prayer that beautiful me- diment of volunteer leader-
mories will linger as a legacy ship that defines health care
to her life and endure forever in New York. Mr. Smith be-
in all our hearts. came Chair of Lutheran Hos-

Denise Duval, 94, Celebrated French Soprano

NYC, fought WWII. Attended
Adelphi and Columbia. Pro-
grammer and systems ana-
lyst. Survived by wife, Louise;
My beloved sister and aunt
passed away peacefully on
January 31, 2016 surrounded
by her cherished family. We
MAIDMAN–Gail Ann Lowe.
We mourn the passing of an
extraordinarily beautiful, ac-
pital (now NYU Lutheran) in
1966, and drove its transfor-
mation into the principal
health care provider in South-
west Brooklyn and the spon-

And Foremost Interpreter of Francis Poulenc

daughters Lori, Wendy, Tra- treasure our memories of her complished and loving wo-
man. Our deepest condolen- sor of the nation s largest
cy; granddaughter, Aurelia. too short life and recall the hospital - based community
loving, caring and devoted ces to Richard.
BUDICK–Ben. Called to eter- Lori Buchbinder, health center, the Sunset
person she was to all. We will Park Family Health Center.
nal rest. Gail Manning s be- miss her deeply. Susan Buchbinder,
loved and loving husband. Gene Warren He also served on the Board
Myrna Clyman, Karen Robin, of the United Hospital Fund By MARGALIT FOX
Brother of Debbie Sheinkopf Mark and Millie Clyman and the entire staff of
and Alan Budick. Uncle of Da- Buchbinder & Warren. for more than 25 years, in-
niel Budick, Isaac Sheinkopf,
HALPIN–William Curtis, died
cluding 19 as Chair. A lifelong Denise Duval, a French soprano
Brooklynite - he was also
and Sarah Sheinkopf. Friend
to many. He was happy and peacefully at home on Janua- MAIDMAN–Gail. We have Chair of the Brooklyn Public best known as the cherished muse
much loved. Graveside servi- ry 26 after prolonged battles
with advanced prostate can-
lost the most beautiful, kind-
hearted and generous friend.
Library and its Foundation, of her countryman Francis
ces Tuesday, February 2, and Vice-Chair of the Brook-
11am, Cedar Park Paramus. cer. Born August 22, 1929, he There will never be another lyn Chamber of Commerce Poulenc, died on Jan. 25 in Bex,
was the son of the late John Gail. Our deepest condolen-
CHAZAN–Libby, January 31, Hadden Halpin and the late ces to Richard, Starr,
and the Dime Savings Bank-
Mr. Smith was unyielding in
Switzerland. She was 94.
2016, in Montreal. Beloved Josephine Roll Young. Hav- Jacques, Evan and Regina. his commitment to ethics, Her family announced the
wife of the late Aaron, z l. De- ing attended Monclair public Lorraine and Herbert Podell tolerance, a more just world,
voted mother of Cindy (Jay schools, he graduated from Allison and Brad Saft and improving the health of death to the news service Agence
Leipzig) and Corinne (Michel Dartmouth College in 1951.
He served in the U.S. Air
all New Yorkers. We extend France-Presse.
Lalonde) and dear Bubby of MINOR–Michael. our deepest condolences to
Marshal, and Edina (Maor) Force from 1951 to 1955 as a Singer, actor, TV, stage cele- his children Howard Jr., Jean, Ms. Duval, whom Poulenc
radar observer in B-59 sorties
Chazan-Lavigne, and Eric
and Deborah Leipzig; sister- over North Korea. Having
brity, Michael Minor passed and Lila, their spouses and
children, and Howard s many
called “the nightingale of my
away January 28. Heaven
in-law of Dorothy Hertzman joined Oxford University
now has our Star. friends and colleagues. tears,” remains, in the opinion of
of Rehovot, Israel. Funeral at Press in 1955, he remained for Wendy Z. Goldstein, Chair,
Paperman s Montreal, Fe- 26 years, retiring in 1981 as GNYHA
many critics, the foremost inter-
bruary 2, 2pm. Shiva 10 Smith Executive Vice President of OSHINSKY–Myron Mike.
55 years a loyal friend. We
Kenneth E. Raske, President, preter of his work. She was also
Manor Blvd., #321, West Or- the New York office. Relocat- GNYHA
ange, NJ Friday, February 5, ed to Key West, Florida, he will miss you. Rest in peace. Lee H. Perlman, GNYHA known for her recordings and con-
Barbara and Bob Murray
10-noon and 2-4pm, Saturday co-founded the Real Estate
Company of Key West Inc.
Bruce C. Vladeck, Ph.D., cert performances of composi-
7-9pm, and Sunday 10-noon, GNYHA
2-5 and 7-9pm. Donations in There he was active on the PISCITELLI–Peter, of Bronx, tions by other French masters, in-
Libby s memory can be boards of the Key West Art NY, passed away on January SMITH –Howard. cluding Ravel, Milhaud and
made to Rabbi Perton s fund and Historical Society and the 30, 2016, at the age of 85. Born We note with deep sadness
c/o Beth Zion Congregation Hospice-VNA of the Florida and raised in the Bronx, Pete the passing of our former Massenet. PHILIPPE BATAILLON/INA, VIA GETTY IMAGES
(514) 489-8411. Keys. He subsequently re-
tired to Fort Lauderdale, FL,
was a devoted husband and
father, and a highy-respected
board president, Howard Among the Poulenc roles with Denise Duval with the composer Francis Poulenc, whom
FREY–Dale, was a source of Smith, a gentleman, public
where he lived with his long-
both inspiration and courage time partner of 21 years, Cal-
public servant as a lawyer servant and lifelong library which Ms. Duval was most closely Poulenc called “the nightingale of my tears.”
and lobbyist. His career dated supporter.
to all who knew him. He was vin Victor Temenski. They back to service in the admi- associated are Thérèse/Tirésias
a special friend to me and the were married in 2015. He was Brooklyn Public Library
entire Palisade family. His predeceased by his parents,
nistrations of Mayors Robert Board of Trustees and staff in “Les Mamelles de Tirésias”
F. Wagner, John V. Lindsay Bordeaux Opera. Elle in “La Voix Humaine.” Based
guidance will be greatly his brother, Robert T. Halpin and Edward I. Koch, under (“The Breasts of Tirésias”), which
missed. Dale s love for his fa- of Dallas, Texas and his sis-
mily and his passion for help- ter, Sally H. Knaus of Oneon-
whom he served as the city s SUSSILLO–Joseph M., she sang in its world premiere in Her other roles with the com- on Cocteau’s play of that name,
chief representative in Alba- on January 31, 2016. Veteran,
ing others were evident in ev- ta, New York and survived by ny as it dealt with the munici- U.S. Army. Graduate of St. 1947; Blanche, the nun at the cen- pany included Mimi in Puccini’s the opera consists of a heart-rend-
erything he did. We have all his brother, the Honorable
lost a good friend. Judge Jack Halpin, ten nieces
pal fiscal crisis. He went on to John s Law School. Practic- ter of “Dialogues des Carmélites,” “La Bohème”; Mélisande in De- ing 40-minute sung telephone call
a long career in private prac- ing attorney in Bay Ridge for
Marty Berman and and nephews and many tice, representing such clients over 35 years. Distinguished whose Paris premiere she sang in bussy’s “Pelléas et Mélisande”; by Elle to the lover who has just
the Palisade Capital team grand-nieces and nephews. A
Memorial Service will be held
as the New York Hotel Asso-
ciation, the Broadway
delegate at the Republican
National Convention. Active 1957; and Elle, the protagonist of the title part in Massenet’s Thaïs, abandoned her.
GREENBERG–Kenneth
Alan, M.D. Beloved husband
at a later date in the summer
of 2016 in Essex, New York.
League of Theaters and the in federal, state, and city re- his one-woman opera, “La Voix a role she would reprise in 1961 in “It is difficult to imagine a more
U.S.S. Intrepid. Pete is sur- publican concerns. Member Franco Zeffirelli’s production at
of Barbara Safran, adored
father of Rachel and Daniel,
Details to be announced. vived by his wife of 61 years, of the Armand J. Starace Re- Humaine,” whose world premiere convincing and more affecting
loving son of Carole and Her- Frances, and his son Anthony publican Club, Knights of Co- she sang in 1959. the Dallas Civic Opera; and Cio- performance than Miss Duval’s,”
bert Greenberg, cherished MAIDMAN–Gail Ann Lowe. (Skip) Piscitelli. A wake will lumbus Council 8048 and
Cio San in Puccini’s “Madama Howard Taubman wrote in The
brother of Marc and Robert On January 31, 2016 of New be held on Tuesday at the many other civic and frater- Ms. Duval’s voice — first over-
and devoted uncle, passed York, NY peacefully, sur-
rounded by family, Gail left
Riverdale-on-Hudson Funer- nal organizations. Loving head by Poulenc in Paris in 1947 — Butterfly,” for which she won par- Times, reviewing the United
away on January 31st. Servi- al Home, 6110 Riverdale husband of the late Margot
ces on Thursday, February the world of the living and Avenue, Bronx, NY, from 2 to (nee Curley). Dear brother of was a typically French one of its ticular praise. States premiere of the work, by
joined her parents in the Gar-
4th, 11am at Congregation
den of G-D. Magnificent and
4pm and 7 to 9pm. Friends
may call on the family.
the late William, Pauline, Ni-
cholas, and Gerard. Beloved period: cool, restrained, some- In the mid-1940s, Ms. Duval was the American Opera Society at
Shir Shalom, Ridgefield, CT.
beautiful Gail s time came Funeral Mass will take place uncle to four nieces and four what knife-edged, not especially engaged by the Paris Opera but, Carnegie Hall in 1960. “Miss Duval
GREENBERG–Molly, on Fe- too soon for her loved ones.
bruary 1, 2016 at 99 years of Her kindness, beauty, gra-
Wednesday at 9:45am at St.
Margaret of Crotona Church,
nephews. Visiting Wednes-
day 2-4 and 7-9pm at Clavin hefty but utterly impeccable. put off by the unfavorable con- creates completely the illusion of
age. Beloved wife of the late ciousness, wit, and elegance, 6000 Riverdale Avenue, Funeral Home, 7722 4th Ave., Reviewing the New York pre- tract she was offered, signed in- a woman distraught, pleading and
Milton. Devoted and loving will shine on. Beloved wife of Bronx, NY. Burial at Calver- Brooklyn. Mass of Christian
mother of Margie and the Richard H. M. Maidman, de- ton National Military Cemete- Burial Thursday, 9:30am at miere of “Dialogues des Car- stead with the Folies Bergère, at least desolated.”
late Paul Smith, Larry and
Judy Greenberg. Cherished
voted ex-wife of Stephen D.
Haymes. Nurturing mother of
ry will be private. In lieu of Our Lady of Angels R.C.
mélites” — a semi-staged per- where she appeared nightly Ms. Duval, who was said to
flowers, Pete s family sug- Church.
and adoring grandmother Evan A. Haymes (Regina) gests donations to Memorial formance by the American Opera have been deeply affected by
and great-grandmother, sis- and Starr H. Kempin Sloan-Kettering Cancer Cen- Poulenc’s death in 1963, retired in
ter, aunt, great-aunt, cousin (Jacques). Kind stepmother ter or Calvary Hospital. SUSSMAN–Marvin. Society at Carnegie Hall in 1964 —
and friend. Sincerest love, of Patrick (Jacqueline, de- Mr. Marvin Sussman passed
Harold C. Schonberg wrote in The 1965. She had made her home in
thanks, and gratitude to Ma- ceased) Maidman, Mitchel
rie and Cynthia for Molly s (Arlene) Maidman and Dag- PISCITELLI–Peter.
away on February 1 in his
home. Born on March 17,
Ed Koch s Saturday lunch 1927, he was a devoted son,
New York Times: A voice, not especially Switzerland for many years.
wonderful care. Donations in ny (Molly) Maidman. Loving
“Miss Duval is a slim brunette Her survivors include a son,
Molly s name can be made to Momma
the Brain Aneurysm Founda-
Gail of Esme,
Theodore Haymes and Sterl-
club has lost a great friend
and raconteur. Pete was a
brother, uncle, great-uncle
and dear friend. Marvin was
significant figure in city and a WWII Navy Veteran as well with the intense kind of face one hefty, but utterly Richard Schilling.
tion or a charity of your ing Kempin. Loving Step- Lip-syncing to her own earlier
choice. Services Wednesday,
February 3, 2016 at Riverside
Momma Gail to Allison, Bea-
trice, Jonathan, Harrison, Ju-
state politics for six decades as a Professor of Law at
and a devoted colleague to all
of us. He will be sorely
NYU. He was also affiliated
sees in the paintings of Edvard
Munch. She is also a superb artist:
impeccable. recording, she starred in a 1970
Nassau North Chapels, 55 lia, Ezra, Sage and Cassidy with the Yeshiva University
North Station Plaza, Great Maidman. Services Tuesday, missed. and Mt. Sinai Nurses Associa- a singing actress who has refined film version of “La Voix Humaine”
John LoCicero, George Arzt,
Neck, NY. February 2, 10am at The
Peter Aschkenasy and
tion. Additionally, he was an
honored alumni of the Hast- every phrase and gesture. Hers is by the director Dominique De-
Riverside Memorial, 76th
GROSS–Ronald M. Street and Amsterdam Arnie Kriss ings College of Law. Funeral not a big nor even especially at- louche.
The Board of Directors of 125 Avenue. Celebration Service Services will be held at 10am, singing a selection of Chopin and
tractive voice in timbre, but while If things had gone according to
East 63rd Street is deeply to be held Wednesday, April PISCITELLI–Peter. Wednesday, February 3 at Cio-Cio San’s aria “Un Bel Dì.”
saddened by the passing of 6, 11am at Temple Emanu-El The NYC Marshals Associa- Parkside Memorial Chapels, listening to her, one is conscious plan, Ms. Duval told Opera News
its member, Ronald M. Gross. Fifth Avenue at 65th Street. tion mourns the loss of the 98-60 Queens Boulevard, “My parents were thunder- in 2009, she would never have per-
Ron was a longtime resident best friend our Association Rego Park, NY 11374, only of style, finesse, vocal re- struck, and my teacher nearly had
of the building and the retired MAIDMAN–Gail Ann Lowe. has ever had-our longtime 718-896-9000, followed by in-
source and musicianship. She in- severed as a musician.
Chairman and CEO of In loving memory of Gail Ann trusted advisor, Peter Pis- terment at the Union Field a stroke,” she said afterward, re- “If Cocteau hadn’t died, I would
Rayonier, Inc., an internation- Lowe Maidman. Extraordin- citelli. We will miss him. cemetery. No flowers please. terprets, in short, and while on
calling the reaction to her new-
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al forest products company.

He also was a director of
Lukens Steel, Brinks, Inc. and grandmother to our children.
Corn Products International.
We extend our condolences
to his wife, Grecia, his child-
ren and grandchildren. The
family has requested that, in MAIDMAN–Gail Ann Lowe.
lieu of flowers, donations be
made to charity.
GUMLEY–Irwin.
Henry Street Settlement
ary wife to our father Rich-
ard, stepmother to us all, and
Patrick, Arlene, Mitchel,
Dagny, & Molly
We have lost a very dear
friend of over 40 years. Gail
was very unique. She was a
talented designer and decor-
ator with great taste and ori-
PISCITELLI–Peter.
Connelly McLaughlin & Wo-
loz mourns the loss of our
dear friend Peter Piscitelli-a
political legend and a great
man.
SCHMIDT–Bernard,
89, passed away January
30th. Beloved husband of
SUSSMAN–Marvin, JD.
The Board of Alumnae Asso-
ciation of the Mount Sinai
Hospital School of Nursing is
saddened by the passing of
Marvin Sussman, JD who
tirelessly gave of his time
serving as counsel and friend
to the Alumnae Association
for more than 40 years.
Phyllis Shanley Hansell EdD,
stage she is the character she is
singing.”
Such laurels were all the more
striking in that Ms. Duval by her
own account deplored singing and
had never intended to make it a
career.
The daughter of a military offi-
found music-hall career. (Parental
fears to the contrary, Ms. Duval
said elsewhere, “It was a very cor-
rect atmosphere.”)
She did go on to sing both with
the Paris Opera and with the
Opéra-Comique of Paris. It was at
have given up singing and per-
formed his plays,” she said. “I al-
ways detested singing.”
Though she did not realize her
lifelong desire to be an actress, as
a singer Ms. Duval possessed a
dramatic flair that was evident
both onstage and off. As her obitu-
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m

Dorothy, devoted father of

mourns the loss of former
Board Member, Irwin beauty and mostly her extra-
Gumley. We are deeply
grateful for his kind support
and leadership, and extend
our thoughts to his family.
David Garza, Executive
Director and the Board of
Henry Street Settlement.
ginality. We will miss her
ordinary kindness. She was a
great friend. Our sympathies
to her husband Richard, her
children Star and Evan, their
spouses and her grandchild-
ren.
Joy and Walter Samuels
SLOAN–Howard. The Har-
Michael (Stacie), and the late
Lori. Adoring grandfather to
Emma and Russell. Proudly
served in the United States
Navy. Funeral Services to be
held February 3rd, 11:15am at
The Riverside on Amster-
dam and 76th St., New York.
monie Club notes with sorrow
the passing of our honored
SCHWEDE–William and
member Howard Sloan. We
extend our heartfelt con-
dolences to his entire family.
Philip R. Cowen,
President
The Harmonie Club
RN, FNAP, FAAN
President and Members cer, Denise Duval was born in the Comique, rehearsing “Butter- ary in The Daily Telegraph of Lon-
of the Board Paris on Oct. 23, 1921, and reared fly,” that Poulenc first heard her don recounted, when singing
Alumnae Association of
the Mount Sinai Hospital where her father’s postings took and, as a result, cast her in “Les Blanche in Paris in 1964, “she
School of Nursing
the family: Indochina, Senegal Mamelles de Tirésias.” caused a stir by jumping into a
and China. That opera, based a play by gleaming white sports car still
In Memoriam The Duvals eventually settled Apollinaire, involves a woman, dressed as a Carmelite nun and
in Bordeaux, and the young Ms. Thérèse, who, wearying of pas- shooting off down the Champs
Robert. We shared the same Duval trained in music and drama sive femininity, assumes the iden- Élysées.”
birthday, all three of us. Miss at the Bordeaux Conservatory. tity of Tirésias, a conquering gen-
you William, and Robert, my
identical twin, more and She made her professional debut eral.
more each day.
in 1943, singing Lola in Mascagni’s Ms. Duval’s most vaunted An additional obituary ap-
Your loving brother always,
Raymond “Cavalleria Rusticana,” with the Poulenc role was almost certainly pears on the preceding page.

Cosby Case Highlights a Rivalry Between Two Lawyers
By GRAHAM BOWLEY
and SYDNEY EMBER
NORRISTOWN, Pa. — When Bill
Cosby arrives at the historic courthouse
here on Tuesday to fight charges that he
sexually assaulted a young woman 12
years ago, the key players at a pre-trial
hearing may well be two men whose own
rivalry has become part of the unfolding
Iranian
Profiles
In Courage
Given Iran’s recent nuclear
deal with the West, the lifting of
economic sanctions and political
maneuvering before this month’s
parliamentary elections (in
which hard-liners
MICHIKO have tried to dis-
qualify large num-
KAKUTANI bers of moderates
and reformists
BOOKS OF
THE TIMES from running),
Laura Secor’s new
book about Iran since its 1979
Islamic Revolution could not be
more timely.
In “Children of Paradise,” Ms.
Secor — who has written about
Iran for The New Yorker, The
New York Times and Foreign
Affairs, among other publications
— indelibly portrays the journal-
ists, dissidents, reformers and
student activists who have
fought bravely for their ideals in
a country where voicing one’s
beliefs has often led to im-
prisonment, torture and death.
As described by Ms. Secor,
their ordeals often read like
Kafkaesque nightmares in which
“nearly every Iranian was guilty
of something that could carry a
prison sentence” or worse, be
punished by death (apostasy,
alcohol consumption and “crimes
against chastity”). Or like mon-
strous fairy tales, complete with
secret prisons and “miracle
rooms,” where torture (savage
beatings, sexual humiliation,
sleep deprivation and mock
Continued on Page 6
Upon Closer Review,
Credit Goes to Bosch
By NINA SIEGAL
’S-HERTOGENBOSCH, the
Netherlands — A small 16th-cen-
tury oil on panel largely kept in
storage at a Kansas City, Mo., mu-
seum is a work by the Dutch Ren-
aissance master Hieronymus
Bosch, researchers here said on
Monday, a finding that, if accepted
by other scholars, would add to
the tiny list of about 25 recognized
Attributing an oil work
to a Dutch master.
Bosch paintings in the world.
The painting, “The Temptation
of St. Anthony,” dated 1500-1510,
had previously been attributed to
the workshop of Bosch or to a fol-
lower of Bosch, known for his
comic and surreal images of heav-
en and hell and the earthly moral
purgatory in between.
The new attribution is based on
drama in Mr. Cosby’s criminal case.
One is Bruce L. Castor Jr., the former
Montgomery County District Attorney,
who in 2005 found “insufficient credible
and admissible evidence” to bring
charges against Mr. Cosby after a Tem-
ple University basketball manager said
the actor drugged and sexually as-
saulted her at his home near here.
The other is Kevin R. Steele, the newly
A Brash Swan Queen Swoops In
By ROSLYN SULCAS
The Swan Queen enters the stage to the
familiar harp ripples that signal the begin-
ning of the tender Act II pas de deux of
“Swan Lake.” Dressed in a white tutu and
feathery headdress, she plunges her arms
forward, wrists crossed, in a movement fa-
miliar to lovers of this ballet. But the famil-
iarity ends there. Prince Siegfried is no-
where to be seen; this Swan Queen is bare-
foot and bald; and as Tchaikovsky’s plain-
studies of underdrawings, a com-
parison of motifs and details on a
microscopic level with similar
ones in undisputed Bosch paint-
ings, and an analysis of Bosch’s
brush work. Taken together, the
evidence indicates that “St. An-
thony” is in Bosch’s “handwrit-
ing,” said experts from the Bosch
Research and Conservation
Project, a six-year, $3.3 million ef-
fort to study and catalog all of the
artist’s works before the 500th
anniversary of his death in 1516.
“It’s the same painting, and all
of a sudden you see it with more
affection,” Julián Zugazagoitia,
the director and chief executive
officer of the Nelson-Atkins Mu-
seum of Art in Kansas City, said
on Friday in Amsterdam. “It’s
like your child who just won the
Nobel Prize.”
With the attribution, “St. An-
thony” would be one of only five
Bosch works in the United States.
The Metropolitan Museum of Art,
the National Gallery of Art in
Washington, and the Yale Univer-
Continued on Page 5 “The Temptation of St. Anthony,” dated 1500-1510.
For prosecutor and his
predecessor, two visions.
elected district attorney, who in Decem-
ber, citing new evidence, reversed that
decision.
tive violin melody begins, her movements
incorporate balletic sweep and the
grounded, hip-shaking, stamping notes of
African dance.
It’s a pivotal solo by Dada Masilo in her
version of “Swan Lake,” which arrives on
Tuesday at the Joyce Theater after a jubi-
lant reception in Ms. Masilo’s native South
Africa and an extensive tour in Europe,
where it has been greeted by rave reviews
and packed audiences.
RIK KLEIN GOTINK/IMAGE PROCESSING BY ROBERT G. ERDMANN
FOR THE BOSCH RESEARCH AND CONSERVATION PROJECT
N C1
TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 2016
In the fall, the two men faced off in a Mr. Cosby’s lawyers say Mr. Castor
campaign for the district attorney’s seat promised never to prosecute Mr. Cosby, a
that grew bitter as Mr. Steele deeply crit- promise that, they say, now binds his suc-
icized Mr. Castor’s handling of the case
years ago.
cessors.
Mr. Steele says there is no record of
Now Mr. Castor is scheduled to testify such an agreement. He may even cross-
on Tuesday as the star defense witness, examine Mr. Castor, his former rival, at
and members of the Cosby team hope his the hearing.
appearance will go a long way toward
crippling the case against their client. Continued on Page 4
JEFF SWENSEN FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
It’s the first time that a work by Ms.
Masilo, 30, has come to New York, although
“I fought very
she appeared in the city recently in “Refuse hard to be able
the Hour,” a performance work by the artist
William Kentridge, with whom she has col- to dance; my
laborated on film pieces for installations, as
well as on live performance work.
family did not
“We’ve been everywhere — I’m so like it one bit.”
pleased we’re finally here,” Ms. Masilo said
in a telephone interview from Amherst, DADA MASILO
Continued on Page 5 Choreographer
A Garish Legal Spectacle,
Now Seen in Double Vision
On June 12, 1994, Nicole Brown
Simpson and Ronald L. Goldman
were brutally murdered outside
Ms. Simpson’s Los Angeles
home. In the trial
JAMES that followed,
argues “The Peo-
PONIEWOZIK ple v. O. J. Simp-
son: American
TELEVISION
REVIEW Crime Story,” our
current social
conflicts and media culture were
born.
The 10-episode series, starting
Tuesday on FX, looks at that case RAY MICKSHAW/FX
from two decades ago and sees
today in embryo. The power, and The People v. O.J. Simpson:
the competing claims, of identity American Crime Story Cuba
politics. The marathon news Gooding Jr. in this FX series,
stories packaged as entertain- starting on Tuesday.
ments. Above all, the idea that
black and white Americans can
thoroughly entertaining.
look at precisely the same scene
And despite the program’s
and see entirely different reali-
ties. well-chewed-over subject matter
— the Bronco! the glove! Kato
The show acquits itself well.
Despite the audience’s knowl- Kaelin! — it is revelatory, though
edge that the former football star not about the murders. You prob-
Orenthal James Simpson will be ably have an opinion as to
found not guilty (history is not a whether O. J. did it. “The People
spoiler, sorry), the series is ab-
sorbing, infuriating and, yes, Continued on Page 6
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P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m
C2 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 2016
Bodies Apart, Connected
Through Technology
If you have used Skype, you
know the sound: a low-fi digiti-
zation of numbers being pressed
on a touch-tone phone, followed
by a burbly version of ringing.
Even if you grew up
BRIAN before the Internet
age, the sound is
SEIBERT familiar enough,
though if someone
DANCE answers on the other
REVIEW
end, and the connec-
tion is good, then not just the
voice but also the video image of
that person appears, wherever
he or she might be in the world.
This already commonplace
technology is at the center of
“NOW.,” the 108th work of the
veteran choreographer Pat
Catterson. At the Tisch School of
the Arts at New York University
on Saturday afternoon, eight
excellent dancers performed —
as did the Skype images of nine
more, whose physical bodies
were elsewhere, each alone in a
A digital projection at the Metropolitan Museum of Art shows what the Temple of Dendur, made of sandstone, may have looked like in its original form more than 2,000 years ago.
Temple of Dendur’s Lost Colors Brought to Life
By JOSHUA BARONE
As depicted in popular culture,
ancient Egypt is awash with the
color beige. A trip to the Metropol-
itan Museum of Art would seem to
reflect that notion: The Temple of
Dendur, with its weatherworn
sandstone, could fit in naturally
with the earth tones of “Aida” or
“The Mummy.”
But Egyptologists know that
this temple, like many others of
the ancient world, was painted
with vivid colors and patterns. In
“Color the Temple,” a marriage of
research and projection-mapping
technology, visitors to the Met can
now glimpse what the Temple of
Dendur may have looked like in its
original, polychromatic form
more than 2,000 years ago.
The Met’s MediaLab has in-
stalled a projector that fills in the
temple’s carvings with color.
Through March 19, one section of
the structure’s south side is on
A Grover’s Corners Concerned With Social Changes
The ghost light is on, planted
at center stage, but if its job is to
keep spirits away, it isn’t work-
ing. In “O, Earth,” Casey
Llewellyn’s whimsical, politically
impassioned riff on
LAURA Thornton Wilder’s
“Our Town,” phan-
COLLINS- tasms are present,
HUGHES and at least one of
them is angry.
THEATER The first ghost we
REVIEW meet, though, is Wild-
er (Martin Moran), a gentle soul
who is digging his shovel into a
hillside, looking for a time cap-
sule.
Social changes that have been
reshaping American life since
the early 20th century, the time
“Our Town” depicts, are a partic-
ular concern of “O, Earth,” a play
dance studio in South America,
Europe or Japan. It was one of
those the-way-we-live-now kind
of works, both homespun and
high-tech, with elements familiar
and unsettlingly novel.
“NOW.” was a complicated
75-minute installation. Specta-
tors in New York moved freely
between two rooms. In one, you
could watch two overlapping
series of duets, almost all involv-
ing a dancer who was close
enough to touch and the life-size
image of one thousands of miles
away. At the start of each duet, a
student technician made the
Skype call — a bit of logistical
suspense with every ring —
before the dancers gave their
names, locations and the local
time.
Occasionally, the physical-
virtual pairs moved in unison,
their synchronization loosened
by technological glitches as well
as by idiosyncratic timing.
view: a scene of the Roman em-
peror Augustus, dressed as a
pharaoh and making an offering
to the deities Hathor and Horus.
Because the sun would wash out
the projector’s light (the gallery
has floor-to-ceiling windows), the
scene is illuminated on Friday and
Saturday evenings, when the Met
offers extended hours.
Ron Jenkins, 63, a theater pro-
fessor at Wesleyan University,
visited the temple on Friday with
his 4-year-old son, Nicander. Mr.
Jenkins said that he might have
heard before that Egyptian tem-
ples were painted, but he was sur-
prised by how rich and fresh the
colors appeared in person. “You
feel closer to the creators,” he said.
“Color the Temple: Scene 1” is on
view Fridays and Saturdays from
5 to 9 p.m. through March 19 at
the Metropolitan Museum of Art;
212-535-7710, metmuseum.org.
that demands we notice who still
gets left out of our narratives.
Presented by the Foundry
Theater at Here, it gives us a
Grover’s Corners where the
baseball-loving young George
(Jess Barbagallo) is transgender
and his sweetheart, Emily (Kris-
ten Sieh), is a feminist. The
Stage Manager (Donnetta La-
vinia Grays) is a black woman
who feels invisible as she’s
“helping tell this story about
these white people.” And remem-
ber Simon Stimson (Mr. Moran),
the town’s alcoholic choirmas-
“O, Earth” runs through Feb. 20
at Here, 145 Avenue of the Ameri-
cas, Manhattan; 866-811-4111,
thefoundrytheatre.org. Running
time: 1 hour 45 minutes.
(There was no music.) Such
loose synchronization has long
been an intentional feature of
Ms. Catterson’s works. She wants
“It’s not just dead stone.”
The stone has long appeared
lifeless to the naked eye.
Threatened by its location on the
banks of the Nile, the temple was
subjected to centuries of annual
flooding that stripped away the
painted exterior. Still, in a 1906
survey Aylward Blackman, the
British Egyptologist, wrote about
painted scenes on the interior
walls and drew diagrams that lat-
er proved handy for the Met. By
the 1920s, Dendur was flooded
nine months of the year, which
contributed to further erosion.
In the mid-1960s, Unesco led a
salvage campaign that eventually
moved the temple to the United
States, and President Lyndon B.
Johnson gave it to the Met in 1967.
By then, no visible color re-
mained. “We tried to find paint,”
said Marsha Hill, a curator in the
Met’s Egyptian art department,
“but so far, nothing.” Even using
ter? Gay and closeted, he drinks
to drown his feelings of isolation.
That sounds schematic, but
Ms. Llewellyn and her director,
Dustin Wills, have supplied “O,
Earth” with plenty of silliness
and surreality, making a
sparkling, jagged mishmash of
time and place that includes
contemporary Greenwich Village
and Los Angeles. When Emily
alights on the West Coast, having
left Grover’s Corners behind,
why would she not head straight
for Ellen DeGeneres (Moe Ange-
los) and her wife, Portia de Rossi
(Emily Davis)?
Poignant and funny, “O, Earth”
can be clumsy, too, though that’s
no fault of the fine cast. The play
flattens badly into what feels like
political show-and-tell in scenes
her dancers to take her material
— lucid Cunningham-based
phrases that sometimes wander
into whimsy — and make it their
imaging technology, the Met has
been unable to detect any color.
But bringing this temple’s
colors to life became increasingly
possible with the advent of the
MediaLab and the arrival in 2013
of Erin Peters, then a fellow in the
Met’s Egyptian art department
and a doctoral candidate whose
research included ancient poly-
chromy.
Ms. Peters helped provide in-
formation on how the Temple of
Dendur could have looked when it
was constructed around 15 B.C.
Guiding her were Mr. Blackman’s
survey, as well as illustrated,
colored temples in the Napoleon-
era publications “Description de
l’Égypte.” The publications de-
picted brilliant paint inside the
Temple of Hathor, from the same
period as the Temple of Dendur.
Eventually, Ms. Hill said, the
Met arrived at a safe idea of how
the scene currently on view may
O, Earth A scene from Casey
Llewellyn’s play, presented by the
Foundry Theater, at Here.
involving the ghosts of Marsha P.
Johnson (Julienne Brown, a.k.a.
Mizz June) and Sylvia Rivera
(Cecilia Gentili), early transgen-
der activists in New York.
Yet it is a meeting between
these ghosts and Wilder’s that
brings the play closest to naming
what may have been the real
Wilder’s enduring heartache.
Surprised that the Stonewall
riots didn’t make it into “Our
Town,” Marsha says of him, “I
thought he was part of the fam-
ily.” She’s a little muddled on
chronology but sure the play-
wright was gay.
JULIETA CERVANTES FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
own, a process that Skype
facilitates and subtly alters.
Dance studios across the world
look rather similar, and this
PHOTOGRAPHS BY BRIAN HARKIN FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Centuries of flooding stripped
away the Egyptian temple’s
painted exterior.
have looked: Augustus in a white
kilt, Horus colored a rich blue and
Hathor with white skin and wear-
ing purple. “But,” she said, “in the
Roman period, they started doing
The Wilder we meet is the
shade of a man who was too
frightened to talk of such things,
who wrote a famous play about a
town where none of the charac-
ters loved like him.
NOW. Pat Catterson’s work fea-
turing eight dancers at the Tisch
School of the Arts at New York
University, and others via Skype.
similarity intermittently fostered
an illusion that the dancers were
not just doing the same things
but also inhabiting the same
space. The in-the-moment, often
playful physical communication
between dancers on different
continents, who may have never
met in person, approached the
usual interactions performers in
the same room might have.
Yet the divide was there, an
enormous distance that symme-
tries and mirrorings oddly
served to stress. I found the one
duet between two Skype
dancers, side by side on a
screen, easier to watch. Same
with the ensemble choreography
in the other room, which cleverly
emphasized the proximity of
multiple bodies in lines and
pileups. For all of the questions
it raised about time and technol-
ogy, “NOW.” was ultimately a
warm celebration of dancers and
how they connect.
pretty wonderful things with
paint.” Kilts could have been
colored with patterns, for exam-
ple, or depictions of battle scenes.
And the paint may have been fin-
ished with a wax or varnish to look
bejeweled, she added.
The MediaLab created alter-
nate projections for those other
possibilities, including one in
which the entire temple is painted
with a white background. Marco
Castro Cosio, manager of the Me-
diaLab, said the different patterns
would be on view. His team can
change the display to show the
various options and to highlight
objects in the scene — a useful tool
for talks and tours.
Mr. Castro said that visitors
could expect projection mapping
to appear elsewhere at the Met.
He would even like to color the
north side of the Temple of Den-
dur so people in Central Park
could see it through the windows.
“We’d love to do all of the scenes,”
he said. But, he added, creating
this first one took two years, and
“it’s a big temple.”
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JULIETA CERVANTES
“O, Earth” answers that fear
with capacious sympathy and
the certainty that sexuality —
like race, like gender — should
shut no one’s experience out of
the stories we tell.
 THE NEW YORK TIMES, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 2016 N C3

Arts, Briefly
Rihanna’s New Album: Just How Big Is It?
Just how popular is the new Rihanna album, “Anti”?
To judge by the proclamations of Tidal, the streaming music
service in which Rihanna, below, is a partner, it is an unqualified
smash. The album, which came out late Wednesday after a drawn-out
marketing campaign and a last-minute leak, was released with help
from a sponsorship deal with Samsung in which one million copies
were given away to fans.
Those downloads led the Recording Industry Association of
America to immediately certify “Anti” as a platinum
release. Tidal further said that it had sold 484,833
downloads of the album, in addition to those given
away as part of the Samsung promotion, and that it
had been streamed 5.6 million times on its service.
But despite those big numbers, “Anti” had a low
start on the Billboard album chart his week, open-
ing at No. 27 — Rihanna’s lowest opening chart
position — with fewer than 1,000 sales in the United
States. The album also had 4.2 million streams and
126,000 sales of individual tracks, according to data from Nielsen,
whose accounting week goes through the end of Thursday.
KEVIN ESTRADA/FOX Billboard’s chart policies disqualify albums that are part of free
Grease: Live! Julianne Hough and Aaron Tveit in a televised version of this musical, a period piece about the 1950s, which aired on Fox on Sunday. promotions, so the Samsung giveaways do not count. But what about
all the sales that Tidal claimed? Adding to the complexity are the
business relationships involved: Rihanna’s label and management

Cinematic Is the Word for This Live TV Musical
When Fox’s “Grease: Live!”
reached its celebratory conclu-
sion on Sunday, opinions about it
no doubt differed, but one thing
was clear: The live-musicals-on-
television trend is
NEIL no longer about
trying to capture
GENZLINGER the magic of being
in a Broadway
TELEVISION house, if it ever
REVIEW
was.
The “Grease” that the director
Thomas Kail (of Broadway’s
“Hamilton”) served up was
cinematic — impressively so,
with its countless cameras, its
tracking shots, its zooms, its
galloping from soundstage to
soundstage. Executing such a
production live must have re-
quired an unbelievable amount
of coordination and technical
expertise. But, despite the pres-
ence of a live audience for parts
of it, the experience for viewers
wasn’t remotely theater. Good
theater is spine-tingling;
“Grease: Live!” was spectacle.
That’s not a criticism; it’s just
these extravaganzas will need to
have. If there were thoughts
back in 2013, when NBC began
this trend with “The Sound of
Music,” that the point was
merely to bring beloved stage
music to a national audience,
they’re gone now. This “Grease”
was, in a sense, a new art form:
not theater; more like “Grease”
the movie, but performed live.
Some of Mr. Kail’s brainstorms
worked pretty well. The show
began with Jessie J doing a
backstage walkabout while
singing “Grease Is the Word,” an
attention-getting device that was
reminiscent of the opening num-
bers of some recent Tony
Awards broadcasts. The first
serious sign that this was some-
thing more than a filmed stage
production, though, was when
Marty (Keke Palmer, who was a
treat) sang a number called
“Freddy My Love” that morphed
from a pajama party into a lavish
dream sequence featuring a
runway promenade. It might be
technically possible to execute
by multiple camera perspectives.
Carly Rae Jepsen, playing
Frenchy, was given a song writ-
ten just for this production, and
it blended into a gauzy “Beauty
School Dropout,” sung by Boyz II
Men in a way that wouldn’t have
been clumsy onstage. A drag
race was made at least moder-
ately convincing with some
The small screen
changes the way
theater works on us.
smoke, tricks of light and amus-
ing camera angles.
What happens, though, when
spectacle replaces intimacy is
that characters and story disap-
pear, too. Julianne Hough was
impressive as Sandy, especially
in the dance numbers; Aaron
Tveit’s Danny was serviceable;
company is Roc Nation, which is led by Jay Z , the largest sharehold-
er in Tidal.
One possibility is that the sales of “Anti” were outside the United
States — Tidal operates in dozens of countries — or extended past
show that was more about indi- the deadline to be included on this week’s chart, which was midnight
vidual moments than about on Thursday. Either way, Rihanna’s album did not have the block-
building a story. Perhaps that buster chart opening that she is accustomed to — her last album,
was deliberate, the assumption “Unapologetic,” from late 2012, opened at No. 1, and each of her seven
being that everyone already earlier studio albums opened in the Top 10.
knew the story and would be This week’s Billboard chart features the return of Adele’s “25”
more interested in microanaly- (XL/Columbia) to No. 1 for an eighth week, with 97,000 sales; Justin
sis: Were the added songs any Bieber’s “Purpose” (RBMG/Def Jam) at No. 2; and “Dystopia” (Uni-
improvement over the omitted versal/Tradecraft/T-Boy) by Megadeth opens at No. 3. Twenty One
songs? (Answer: No.) Were the Pilots’ “Blurryface” is No. 4, and Panic! at the Disco’s “Death of a
topical flourishes and meta- Bachelor” — both titles are released by the label Fueled by Ramen —
wisecracks worth the distrac- is No. 5. BEN SISARIO
tion? (Answer: No.) Did the
choices between which lyrics in
the rather raunchy original to
clean up, and which to leave
unaltered, make any sense?
(Answer: No.)
Between small debating
points like those and the show’s
bigger distractions (the live
audience being the biggest and
most ill advised), what used to
be the heart of “Grease” back
when it was a rough-and-tumble
newcomer in the early 1970s was
nowhere to be found. Too bad,
because that “Grease” — pre-
John Travolta and Olivia New- ESCOBEDO SOLÍZ STUDIO

a statement of what our expecta-
tions should be as this fad
continues. Live TV versions of
“Hairspray” and more are in the
pipeline, and Mr. Kail’s produc-
tion certainly raised the bar in
terms of how much razzle-daz-
zle, innovation and star power
A Mystery Told in Light and Movement . . .
Told from the point of view of a
wry, vodka-swilling composer
and freelance spy, Robert Ash-
ley’s “Quicksand,” a 2011 opera
written as a novel, anticipates
action from the start:
GIA “I’m sitting on the
bathroom floor, lean-
KOURLAS ing back against the
sink. I have the gun
DANCE
REVIEW
in my hands.”
In the production of
“Quicksand” at the Kitchen, the
force behind the movement is
Steve Paxton, the venerable
postmodern choreographer who
was a founding member of Jud-
son Dance Theater and the cre-
ator of contact improvisation. Mr.
Paxton met Mr. Ashley, who died
in 2014, in the 1960s, and has used
his works before.
Mr. Paxton’s first foray into
opera, “Quicksand” — a mystery
story in which a man travels to
an unidentified Southeast Asian
country and helps to overthrow a
military dictatorship — is a
choreographic feat, driven by the
rhythm of words, light and bod-
ies. Even beyond Mr. Paxton’s
contribution, this three-act pro-
duction — scrappy and odd,
understated and whimsical — is
filled with movement. There is
such a thing onstage, but this
was a concept that was greatly
enhanced by television’s versatil-
ity.
And there were more such
moments as the night went on.
The crowd-pleasing “Greased
Lightning” was nicely energized
Quicksand Maura Gahan, left, and Jurij Konjar in this Robert Ashley
mystery story choreographed by Steve Paxton, at the Kitchen.
Mr. Paxton’s set, which includes
a billowing, patchwork curtain
that at times seems to swallow
the performers Maura Gahan
and Jurij Konjar whole. And in
David Moodey’s lighting design,
gliding spotlights and flashing
strobe lights — they frequently
signify gunshots — swirl across
the stage through clouds of fog.
Mr. Ashley’s recorded voice,
gentle and unemotional, reads
and Vanessa Hudgens, whose
father had died the night before,
deserves some kind of prize for
gutting it out as Rizzo. The ac-
tors did fine, but the characters
and their arcs became secondary
to executing the grand scheme.
This, in other words, was a
JULIETA CERVANTES FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
his story more or less verbatim
— think of an audiobook — while
the dancers occasionally appear
in front of the curtain to perform
movement phrases. (Sometimes
they play corpses.) Mr. Konjar, a
silky dancer, stands upright
while shaking his shoulders so
that his arms sway forward like
loose strands of spaghetti; he
leans over, crumples to the floor
and stiffens his body into a jack-
ton-John; pre-sanitization for
use in high schools; pre-addition
of Top-40-ready tunes — had a
lot of merit. Sunday’s version
did, too, but merit of a glossy,
technically proficient kind. The-
atrical magic is something en-
tirely different.
knife pose. Ms. Gahan bends her
elbows and clasps her hands
onto opposite shoulders while
slowly twisting from side to side.
Even when, later, she appears
with a palm tree on her head, she
is as serene as a statue.
Evident is Mr. Paxton’s long-
time focus on everyday move-
ment, in which seemingly normal
activities like standing, sitting
and walking are reframed to
reveal individual personalities.
Here, repeated actions, as when
Mr. Konjar sits in a chair in pro-
file while typing on an invisible
keyboard, are simple yet possess
a weighted sincerity.
It’s a wonder that “Quicksand”
isn’t sentimental. Is it Mr. Pax-
ton’s presence that keeps it so
guileless? He makes a few ap-
pearances, at one point sitting
with uncanny stillness in front of
a three-paneled window. Later,
with Mr. Konjar and Ms. Gahan,
he uses a long stick to push the
curtain, which has been lowered
onto the floor into a heap center
stage — it comes toward the end
of the story, as if they’re mopping
up the operation. With Mr. Pax-
ton, what seems ordinary never
quite is.
MoMA Young Architects
Chooses Mexican Firm
Now in its 17th year, the Young
Architects Program at MoMA
PS1 is an international competi-
tion to choose a designer to
transform the museum’s court-
yard in Long Island City, Queens,
each summer. It has seen struc-
tures with the ability to purify
water, ones made from corn
stalks and living roots and ones
consisting mostly of bungee
cords.
This year’s winner, the Es-
cobedo Solíz Studio — a partner-
ship of Lazbent Escobedo and
Andres Solíz, in Mexico City,
founded in 2011 — tacks toward
simplicity and color, relying on
the summer’s givens, sunlight
and heat, to supply the rest. The
project, “Weaving the Court-
yard,” above, which opens in
early June, will use the pattern
of holes in the courtyard’s con-
crete walls, formed when the
walls were poured, as a template
for the weaving of a colorful rope
canopy — or what the architects
call a cloud — over the outdoor
space. (A rendering, above.)
Underneath the cloud will be
embankments with platforms of
soil and water and a reflective
wading pool in the rear of the
courtyard into which visitors
may dip and cool off.
Mr. Solíz and Mr. Escobedo
described the creation as “nei-
ther an object nor a sculpture
standing in the courtyard, but a
series of simple, powerful actions
that generate new and different
atmospheres.” RANDY KENNEDY
‘Made at NYPL’ Series
Over the decades, the New
York Public Library on Fifth
Avenue has hosted countless
Sidney Offit and Susan Brown-
miller.
“The day I read the names of
the writers to whose work
space I had been admitted,” Mr.
Caro recalled, “was the day that
I felt I might be a writer, after
all.” SAM ROBERTS
‘Jazz Singers’ Exhibition
Video clips and artifacts
connected to Billie Holiday, Ella
Fitzgerald and Sarah Vaughan
will be showcased at the Li-
brary of Congress in Washing-
ton this month as part of a new
“Jazz Singers” exhibition, open-
ing on Feb. 11. The exhibition
will pull from the library’s
extensive archives and include
rarely seen documents, like
Chet Baker’s suicide note, as
well as contributions from the
current singer Cécile McLorin
Salvant and Esperanza Spal-
ding, the bass player.
The exhibition will start from
the blues and Tin Pan Alley
eras and continue to the
present day. The curator, Larry
Appelbaum, said items had
been chosen for their rarity,
historical significance and
aesthetic value. “For every
image or item in the exhibit,
there were at least three or four
others I would have loved to
include,” Mr. Appelbaum wrote
in an email.
The show runs through July
23. Details are at loc.gov
/exhibits/. ANDREW R. CHOW
ANOMALISA • n
12:00, 12:30, 2:15, 2:45, 4:30,
5:00, 6:45, 7:15, 9:00, 9:30

. . . and a Hauntingly Musical Human Voice writers, including Elizabeth

Bishop, E. L. Doctorow, Alfred
Kazin, Henry Miller and Isaac
BROOKLYN •
12:15, 12:25, 2:35, 2:50, 5:05, 5:20,
n

7:25, 7:40, 9:45, 10:00

Robert Ashley is no longer
with us, but his voice — calm,
mellow, reassuring, quizzical,
amused, earnest — lives on.
Surrounded by a shifting, un-
stable electronic
ZACHARY haze, it is the only
thing you hear at the
WOOLFE Kitchen during
“Quicksand,” the
OPERA opera that he wrote in
REVIEW
the final years before
his death, at 83, in 2014.
It will not surprise those famil-
iar with his idiosyncratic, enig-
dancers, a large patchwork fab-
ric and a set of windows, it has
been directed and designed by
the choreographic innovator
Steve Paxton, with restless light-
ing by David Moodey.
While the spectacle is stylized,
“Quicksand” is more plot-driven
than much of Mr. Ashley’s out-
put: He wrote the libretto, which
was published in book form in
2011, in an attempt to evoke the
mystery-thriller novels he
adored. This being Mr. Ashley,
the novel is something closer to
fact is that the protagonist is an
aging opera composer. Someone
asks him what his operas are
about. “This is hard,” the narra-
tor answers. “I say they are
about people telling stories.”
It shouldn’t be necessary at
this point to defend the categori-
zation of Ashley’s works as op-
eras, but they remain so outside
the norm that it feels important
Not quite sung,
cato this time: “Why. Did. I. Do.
This.” A slight elongation of the
vowel in the final word of the
phrase “some foreign place,”
unmistakably estranging. As in
any opera, these vocal effects
and so many others are precisely
lodged in, and emerge from, the
music — here a vibrating, vola-
tile drone, executed by Ashley’s
longtime collaborator, Tom Ham-
ilton.
Though full of wit, “Quick-
sand” has many poignant
reminders that the voice coming
Bashevis Singer.
The library is celebrating their
work with author lectures that
MACBETH
12:05, 2:25, 4:50, 7:10, 9:35
began last year and with a new
“Made at NYPL” exhibition
series that features Robert A.
Caro, who researched his Pulitz-
er Prize-winning biography of
Robert Moses, “The Power Bro-
ker,” in the early 1970s at the
main branch.
The first phase of the ex-
hibition, on the third floor of the
Stephen A. Schwarzman Build-
ing on Fifth Avenue through
Printed and distributed by PressReader
+1 604 278 4604 • ORIGINAL COPY • ORIGINAL COPY • ORIGINAL COPY • ORIGINAL COPY • ORIGINAL COPY • ORIGINAL COPY •

CO PY R I G H T A N D P R OT E C T E D BY A P P L I C A B L E L AW

matic works — assemblages of
deadpan observations and
stories, not quite sung and yet
something more than spoken —
that “Quicksand” is a spy tale
that keeps slipping beyond its
genre, into ruminations on love,
the Pittsburgh Steelers, country
prose poetry, quotidian in its
language but lyrical, pensive and
melancholy in its feel.
The central character, who
moonlights as a low-level courier
for American intelligence, has
ended up in an unnamed South-
east Asian country where he gets
from the speakers for three
yet somehow hours belongs to someone de-
parted. “I’m getting out,” the
more than spoken. narrator says at one point, pledg-
ing to leave the spy game —
which is no country for old men
— while implying much more
to state, for the record, that than that. Constant references to
April 7, includes a 1930 map of
proposed parks in the Bronx.
Mr. Caro was working from a
cinder-block basement store-
room in Riverdale when he read
in New York magazine about a LINCOLN PLAZA
program at the library that gave CINEMAS
1886 BROADWAY BETWEEN 62ND & 63RD STREETS
authors with book contracts their Advance Tickets - lincolnplazacinema.com
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m

For more information call (212)757-2280

music, Jane Austen. The audi-
ence listens to a recording of Mr.
Ashley’s recitation of the text
while watching the modest yet
entangled in an effort to over-
throw the authoritarian govern-
ment. Dramatic stuff: That the
opera’s mood remains so low-key,
“Quicksand” is, indisputably,
opera. Why? Because of its styl-
ization, its emotional extremity;
because the aural element
“carry-on” luggage start feeling
more and more like invocations
of carrion.
Suffused with death, the
own carrel and let them keep
their borrowed books there
RABIN THE LAST DAY
12:25, 3:20, 6:25, 9:20PM
overnight instead of having to AFERIM!
return them every day. 11:15AM, 1:10, 3:10, 5:15, 7:25, 9:35PM

enrapturing, ever-changing
staging. Consisting of just two
“Quicksand” continues Thursday
through Saturday at the Kitchen,
512 West 19th Street, Manhattan;
212-255-5793, the kitchen.org.
even slouchy, is a testament to
Mr. Ashley’s (and Mr. Paxton’s)
determinedly casual, if always
exact, style.
Mr. Ashley writes in a note at
the start of the novel that every-
thing in the book is true, “except
for a lot of the facts.” One true
heightens the visual, and vice
versa; because it is a thrilling
investigation of what can be
musical in the human voice, even
when speaking.
The legato of a simple sen-
tence — “Why did I do this” —
followed by its repetition, stac-
piece’s emotions build slowly but
surely: Mr. Ashley’s art, as ever,
eventually does take on both the
comforting predictability and
quirky surprise of a mystery
novel. Or of life. “Something is
going to happen,” as the narrator
says. “The question is, what?”
“I’ve spent my life finding stuff THE LADY IN THE VAN
11:30AM, 1:25, 3:30, 5:40, 7:50, 10:00PM
there that was impossible to find
any place else,” Mr. Caro said. 45 YEARS
11:10AM, 1:00, 3:00, 5:00, 7:05, 9:00PM
He found something else, too.
ANOMALISA
He discovered that he was in the 11:35AM, 3:40, 5:45, 7:55PM
company of Barbara W. Tuch- SON OF SAUL
man, Joseph P. Lash, Nancy 11:00AM, 12:55, 2:55, 4:55, 7:00, 9:05PM
*LAST
Milford, Ferdinand Lundberg, YOUTH 1:20, 9:45PM DAY!*
C4 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 2016

Cosby Case Highlights

An Old Rivalry
Between Two Lawyers
From First Arts Page
“Bruce’s credibility and his tes-
timony are going to be extremely
important,” said Lynne M. Abra-
ham, a former Philadelphia dis-
trict attorney. “That’s going to be
the crux of the case: What did he
agree or not agree to do?”
Mr. Castor has said he never in-
tended his decision to preclude
further prosecution if other evi-
dence emerged. But in recent
emails and other statements, he
said his decision had led Mr.
Cosby to testify freely in a subse-
quent civil suit brought by his ac-
cuser, Andrea Constand, and
therefore that testimony cannot
be part of the evidence now being
used against him.
Mr. Cosby’s testimony is impor-
tant to Mr. Steele, who cited it, and
the allegations of other women
who have recently come forward,
as key factors in his decision to
bring charges. During Mr. Cosby’s
deposition a decade ago, parts of
A question for a
former prosecutor:
What did he agree or
not agree to do?
which became public only last
summer, he acknowledged obtain-
ing quaaludes as part of his efforts
to have sex with women.
If that deposition is ruled inad-
missible based on Mr. Castor’s tes-
timony, the prosecution’s case
would be weakened.
Tuesday’s appearance will be
quite a reversal for Mr. Castor,
whose turn as a defense witness
will come in a courthouse where
he spent much of his career as a
prosecutor, gaining a profile as
high as any lawyer in the county.
Although, as a matter of law, the
criminal case concerns what hap-
pened on one night with one wom-
an in Mr. Cosby’s home, its signifi-
cance is, of course, much broader.
Mr. Cosby, 78, who says the sex-
ual encounter was consensual,
had been among America’s most
beloved entertainers. Ms. Con-
stand is unique among the dozens
of women who say Mr. Cosby
sexually assaulted them because
only her case led to criminal
charges.
“Those of us who were quiet or
silent or kept this a secret with the
exception of close family and
friends for so long feel great em-
pathy for Andrea and are watch-
ing carefully to see what the re-
sults are,” said Patricia Leary
Steuer, who said Mr. Cosby as-
saulted her decades ago.
In Montgomery County, the
case resonates for other reasons.
The legal community here is not
huge and several of the lawyers
involved have long known one an-
other. (By coincidence, in 1983,
when Mr. Cosby bought a home in
nearby Cheltenham Township,
Mr. Castor’s father, also a lawyer,
represented the seller at the clos-
ing.)
Mr. Steele, 48, worked as a pros-
ecutor under Mr. Castor, 54, dur-
ing Mr. Castor’s 2000-08 tenure as
district attorney.
Mr. Castor, a lifelong county res-
ident, has known Brian J. Mc-
Monagle, Mr. Cosby’s local crimi-
nal defense lawyer, for years, and
Mr. McMonagle supported him in
the race for district attorney last
year.
The judge overseeing the hear-
ing, Steven T. O’Neill, and Mr. Cas-
tor had competed in 1999 for the
Republican nomination for dis-
trict attorney, a race Mr. Castor
won.
And lawyers for Ms. Constand
have been jousting with Mr. Cas-
tor for parts of the last decade.
One of them, Dolores M. Troiani,
has said Mr. Castor treated her cli- ANDREW RENNEISEN FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
ent shabbily in 2005 when they
found out from the news media
that he had chosen to decline pros-
ecution. Mr. Castor has said he
took steps to alert her, including
faxing his decision to Ms. Con-
stand’s lawyer, before he went to
the media.
Last fall, in defending his han-
dling of the Cosby case, Mr. Castor
was quoted as saying that Ms.
Constand’s original account to the
police about her encounter with
Mr. Cosby was, problematically,
not as detailed as the one con-
tained in her subsequent civil
complaint.
Ms. Constand responded by su-
ing him for defamation. That case
is pending. MATT ROURKE/ASSOCIATED PRESS MATT ROURKE/ASSOCIATED PRESS
Mr. Castor, who declined to
comment for this article, main-
Top, the courthouse in Norristown, Pa., where Bill Cosby’s trial begins on Tuesday. Above left, Kevin R. Steele, the newly elected
tains that he made the right deci- district attorney; right, Bruce L. Castor Jr., the former district attorney; and below, Andrea Constand, Mr. Cosby’s accuser.
sion in not prosecuting Mr. Cosby.
In a 2014 interview with The New Mr. Castor has said he hoped his judge would find on the basis of
York Times, he said he made the decision not to prosecute would the testimony of the former dis-
decision “despite the fact that I help Ms. Constand prevail in her trict attorney without anything in
thought Cosby was guilty of some civil suit. With the threat of pros- writing that there was a nonprose-
improper behavior — my gut told ecution removed, he said, Mr. cution agreement,” said Anne
me that.” Cosby would be unable to assert Poulin, a law professor at nearby
At the time, in 2005, Mr. Castor his Fifth Amendment rights and Villanova University.
was midway through his tenure as avoid questions in her civil suit. If Judge O’Neill rejects Mr. Cos-
district attorney and already had Mr. Steele has countered in by’s arguments, the case will
a reputation as a smart prosecu- court papers that there is no evi- probably proceed to a preliminary
tor unafraid of taking on high-pro- dence of the kind of nonprosecu- hearing and eventually a trial in
file murder cases or seeking the tion agreement cited by Mr. Cos- Norristown, experts said, though
death penalty if he considered it by’s lawyers, and that Mr. Castor they expect Mr. Cosby to make
warranted. was not empowered to make such further appeals first. The process
“He was always very strong a deal anyway. could drag out for weeks, or per-
and extraordinary direct,” Ms. Mr. Cosby’s lawyers have said haps many months. If Mr. Cosby is
Abraham said. “He didn’t fool that even an oral nonprosecution found guilty, aggravated indecent
around.” agreement would be enforceable assault carries a punishment of
A polished, stylish litigator — as and have said that, on the basis of five to 10 years in prison and a
a young prosecutor he pinned it, the new charges should be dis- $25,000 fine.
handkerchiefs under his jacket so MARTA IWANEK/THE CANADIAN PRESS, VIA ASSOCIATED PRESS
missed. Mr. Steele has said the charges
the jury wouldn’t see sweat stains But Mr. Cosby’s lawyer in- are about the evidence, not poli-
on the armpits of his suit — his volved in the criminal proceed- tics. In a brief interview in the
confidence could be off-putting, didn’t like, which is another thing Tuesday’s hearing will focus ings from that time is now dead. courthouse last week, Mr. Steele
some former colleagues said. we used to tease him about,” said only on what, if anything, Mr. Cas- Ms. Constand’s lawyers have said he wanted to get the case into
But friends said his aggressive David Keightly, who worked tor promised Mr. Cosby and his said they were never told of any court as quickly as possible and
style was effective. alongside Mr. Castor as a prosecu- lawyers after deciding not to pros- kind of agreement. let the jury decide.
“Bruce never met a camera he tor for more than six years. ecute him in 2005. “It would be surprising if the “Let’s try the case,” he said.

Charting a Path to Serialism

BROADWAY
TONY YAZBECK & KELSEY GRAMMER
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A basic command of psychol-
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Milton Babbitt. Perhaps the
Juilliard School
consulted a
CORINNA trauma expert in
OFF−BROADWAY da FONSECA- assembling Fri-
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TIME MAGAZINE S
WOLLHEIM in its weeklong
#1 SHOW OF THE YEAR Focus! celebra-
Today at 7 MUSIC
Roald Dahl s REVIEW tion of Babbitt’s
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Created and Performed by Playing to a sizable crowd at
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Music and lyrics by and featuring Alice Tully Hall under the direc-
Shubert Theatre (+), 225 West 44th St.
Shaina Taub tion of the unflappable Jeffrey HIROYUKI ITO
Directed by Tina Landau
Tue-Fri at 7:30, Sat at 2 & 8, Milarsky, the Juilliard Orchestra Focus! Festival Jeffrey Milarsky leading the Juilliard Orchestra during
Sun at 2 & 7:30 charted a path from the cozy
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The Pershing Square Signature Center safety of Brahms through the
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Winner! Best Play - 2015 Tony Award lodic, music of early Schoenberg, dom. In Stravinsky’s “Variations
TONIGHT at 7, TOMORROW at 2 & 7:30
Special Added Performance 2/15 at 7 and on to Stravinsky’s late dalli- Schoenberg’s achingly chro- (Aldous Huxley in Memoriam),”
ance with Serialism, before a similar preoccupation with
THE CURIOUS INCIDENT alighting on Babbitt’s forbid-
matic Five Pieces for Orchestra,
originally composed in 1909, timbre turns into a kaleidoscope

Music and Lyrics by FUN HOME OF THE DOG dingly difficult Piano Concerto represents a midway stage in of scintillating colors that in-
GEORGE GERSHWIN & IRA GERSHWIN
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Directed and Choreographed by FunHomeBroadway.com
A New Play by SIMON STEPHENS
Based on the novel by MARK HADDON
MAURICE HINES The Brahms selection was dependence on melody. “There spidery strings and earthy syn-
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Brahms’s chorale preludes for
organ, is not just short and (per-
Brahms, Schoenberg Hanick joined the orchestra as
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haps a tad too) sweet. The melo- and Stravinsky, en concerto, the orchestra often
dy is so artfully embellished and
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functions like a comically inept

With NFL Legend Eddie George thru 2/28
Tonight at 8
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braided into the harmonic tex-
ture that I had a hard time pick-
ing it out, even though I’ve been
familiar with the chorale since
childhood.
That sort of disconnection
between perception and knowl-
route to Babbitt.
are no motives in this piece
which have to be brought to the
fore,” Schoenberg wrote when he
lighting technician trying to fix a
spotlight on a performer who
seems determined to avoid it:
Individual instruments sidle up
to the solo piano part, echoing
certain notes or motifs, only to
find that the piano has moved on
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edge — between what you hear revised the work in 1949. In- to a different riff in a completely
New World Stages (+), 340 W. 50th St. and what you’ve been told is stead, a listener is immersed in a different part of the register.
there — widens exponentially in dramatic interplay of colors and The audience could find much
Serialism, where the logic and textures. Mr. Milarsky drew to enjoy in this music, such as
Electrifying! -NYT elegance of the composition refined performances from the Mr. Hanick’s sound, ranging
PERFORMANCE TONIGHT AT 7 Today at 7! Broadway s Biggest Blockbuster process so often result in music young musicians, particularly in from sunny and crisp to pungent
THRILLING, SPECTACULAR AND –The New York Times that sounds confusing and ran- the languid third piece, titled darkness; chiseled wind solos;
DANNY BURSTEIN UNFORGETTABLE -NY Times Tonight and Tomorrow at 7
“Summer Morning by the Lake and great washes of strings. But
LES MISERABLES WICKED
JESSICA HECHT

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Monday through Friday, tails crinkling the music’s sur- come in handy — is never al-
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“I want to open up conversations about issues like homophobia and domestic violence, because those are realities at home,” said Dada Masilo, who plays Odette in her version of “Swan Lake.”
A Brash Swan Queen Swoops In, Turning Tchaikovsky on His Head
From First Arts Page
Mass., where her company was
midway through its United States
tour. On the phone, Ms. Masilo
sounds girlish, but her dancing is
powerfully muscular and kinetic,
and she has been singularly un-
afraid of tackling issues that are
volatile in her home country.
“I don’t just want to be a body in
space,” she said of her dancing
and choreography. “I want to open
up conversations about issues like
homophobia and domestic vio-
lence, because those are realities
at home.”
In “Swan Lake,” her Odette is
married off to Siegfried, who is in
love with Odile. The catch: Odile is
a man, although Ms. Masilo has
him dance on point and, like all the
swans, wear a tutu. The three
principal characters are victims of
Charles Lloyd This saxophonist and the drummer Eric Harland, a member of the Marvels, at the Appel Room at Jazz at Lincoln Center.
A Sax Man and His Band Defy Easy Categories
The jazz saxophonist Charles
Lloyd’s new quintet has some
effective signal-scrambling in it.
That starts with its name, the
Marvels, which sounds like a
surf-rock instrumental
BEN band from around 1963.
Its repertory in-
RATLIFF cludes songs like “All
My Trials,” “Last Night
MUSIC
REVIEW I Had the Strangest
Dream” and “Masters
of War,” works associated with
antiwar and social protest move-
ments; the Christian hymn
“Abide With Me,” once recorded
by Thelonious Monk; the Mexi-
can folk standard “La Llorona”;
and some of Mr. Lloyd’s own
pieces from his mid-1960s
records. The band has a steel
guitarist, Greg Leisz, who is often
the man pop singers call on when
they want honky-tonk attributes.
In its rhythm section is Reuben
Rogers on electric bass, and Eric
Harland on drums, jazz musi-
cians about half Mr. Lloyd’s age
who sound right up-to-date: deep
social convention. As in the origi-
nal ballet, it doesn’t end happily.
This is not the first “Swan Lake”
to offer a gay spin on the story.
Matthew Bourne’s version is the
best-known, but there are several
classical productions (by Rudolf
Nureyev and John Neumeier,
among others) that feature a
sexually ambivalent leading man.
But in Ms. Masilo’s “Swan Lake,”
the issues of homophobia, ar-
ranged marriage and domestic vi-
olence are part of the picture, too.
Born in Soweto in 1985, Ms.
Masilo grew up partly under
apartheid, partly in post-1994
democratic South Africa. Her
mother, a single parent, worked as
a cashier, and she was raised by
her grandmother in modest cir-
cumstances. Ballet, mostly the
province of the white middle class
in her youth (and still hardly di-
in the pocket and behind the beat.
Its guitarist is Bill Frisell, a de-
tail-oriented maximalist whose
own work traces an American
aesthetic through Charlie Chris-
tian, country, surf and rock, and
jazz since the ’60s.
And there’s Mr. Lloyd, now 77,
an inveterate signal-scrambler
himself, a musician who holds
back and pours it on at his own
discretion. He is pretty good at
seeing beyond the limitations of a
given musical language while
conveying the beauty in it. Lead-
ing the band at the Appel Room
at Jazz at Lincoln Center on
Friday night, he seemed commit-
ted to making himself part of a
bigger sound (warm, enveloping)
and a bigger idea (hybrid,
layered). He didn’t act like a star
soloist, except for the moments
when he did.
Sounds complex, right?
Charles Lloyd & the Marvels’
new record, “I Long to See You”
(Blue Note), isn’t so complex.
You’ll get the idea quickly: a slow
THE NEW YORK TIMES, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 2016
verse anywhere in the world), was
not an obvious option.
But at 10, Ms. Masilo began to
dance with a group of children
from her neighborhood, “just for
the fun of it.” Two years later, the
group’s dancers were invited to
start formal training in ballet and
contemporary dance after ap-
pearing at a festival at the Dance
Factory in Johannesburg. “I was
bitten by the bug right away,” she
said. “I fought very hard to be able
to dance; my family did not like it
one bit. They wanted me to be a
lawyer or accountant, something
stable.”
Ballet was her first love. She
saw a Russian production of
“Swan Lake” in Johannesburg at
12, and “fell in love with the tutus
and Tchaikovsky,” she said. “But
in the end, contemporary dance
made more sense to me.”
blast of empathetic feeling,
wisely revisionist yet deeply
comfortable. (Willie Nelson and
Norah Jones make appearances
on it, if that helps.) Because of its
Americanness, its smoky inti-
mations of jazz and blues and
folk and country, all that guitar-
generated warmth, it will proba-
bly appeal to a greater number of
listeners — and Grammy voters
— than Mr. Lloyd’s previous run
of excellent records for ECM
with more traditionally jazzlike
bands.
This music is stylishly slow-
footed, which could present a
challenge for some bands on-
stage. Not for this one, at least in
Friday’s early set. Only a few
moments felt reductive: During
“La Llorona,” nothing was wrong,
per se, with Mr. Lloyd’s soft,
onrushing whispers, or the deep,
pillowlike feeling of the rhythm
section, or the warm blankets of
guitar, but cumulatively, it felt
like a bedtime story for adults.
For the most part, though, the
After graduating from the Na-
tional School of the Arts in Johan-
nesburg, Ms. Masilo trained for a
year with Jazzart dance theater in
Cape Town, then auditioned in
2004 for the Parts School in Brus-
sels, founded by Anne Teresa de
Keersmaeker. She was one of 30
candidates chosen from 250 appli-
cants. (“A terrifying experience,”
she said.) Choreography was part
of the course work. At first unin-
terested, Ms. Masilo decided to
create a solo to Saint-Saëns’s “The
Dying Swan” as a tribute to her
aunt, who had died of AIDS.
“That was the start of ‘Swan
Lake,’” she said. “It was about re-
jection and pain and dying.” The
experience, she said, made her
want to explore choreography fur-
ther. After returning to South Af-
rica in 2007, she danced in other
productions and then began to
NICOLE FARA SILVER FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
serious concentration and listen-
ing within the band made it
beneficially more complex, and
harder to reduce. In a version of
the Beach Boys’ “In My Room” —
a secular hymn, basically — Mr.
Lloyd played the vocal melody
straight, without much improvis-
ing; the rest of the band, subse-
quently taking the song apart a
bit more, managed to get all the
way inside it. In “Island Blues,”
near the end of the set, the dam
broke inside Mr. Lloyd, and he
began improvising voluminously,
in a style influenced by John
Coltrane, but shaped by his own
light tone and calm temperament.
And during “Shenandoah,” one
of the deep joys of hearing live
jazz occurred: a series of solos by
Mr. Lloyd, Mr. Leisz and Mr.
Frisell, each so thoughtfully
executed, and seamlessly leading
into one another, that you could
see members of the audience
making motions to applaud but
then thinking twice about it, so as
not to interrupt the moment.
create her own pieces, partly, she
said, because no one else was
making the kind of narrative work
that she wanted to perform.
“I started tackling the classics,
because the narratives are so
good, and the characters so
great,” she said. First came “Ro-
meo and Juliet” in 2008, then
“Carmen” in 2009, and “Swan
Lake” in 2010. Her reputation be-
gan to grow. “We first became
aware of her at a platform in South
Africa in 2010,” said Linda Shelton,
the executive director of the
Joyce. “Her work wasn’t on, but
everyone was talking about it.”
Mr. Kentridge said he was im-
mediately intrigued by the eroti-
cism and unconventionality of Ms.
Masilo’s work, and its blend of
dance styles. “There are a lot of
very good dancers and
choreographers in South Africa,
Upon a Closer Review,
The Credit Goes to Bosch
From First Arts Page
sity Art Gallery in New Haven
each own a painting by Bosch, and
the Morgan Library & Museum in
New York has a Bosch drawing.
The Nelson-Atkins, a small but
highly regarded museum with a
$30 million annual operating
budget and about a half a million
visitors a year, has a collection of
40,000 to 50,000 works, with high-
lights by Caravaggio, Gauguin and
Monet.
Independent experts have not
yet reviewed the project’s evi-
dence, and it can take years for
scholars to come to a consensus on
the authenticity of a painting. This
attribution is based, however, on
the most comprehensive study of
Bosch works ever conducted, and
it is accompanied by the publica-
tion of a 1,000-page monograph on
Bosch by a team of eight special-
ists, including Bosch scholars and
scientists.
“It’s an intriguing and plausible
attribution,” Joseph Koerner, a
professor of art history and archi-
tecture at Harvard, and the author
of a coming book on Bosch and
Bruegel, said on Sunday. He said
he would need to see the painting
himself before making a final de-
termination.
Professor Koerner said that the
work of the Bosch project was
highly respected among scholars.
“At the same time,” he added,
“there’s no question that these at-
tributions — and I’m sure they will
admit this themselves — are not a
science ultimately. It’s partly an
art.”
“The Temptation of St. Antho-
ny” will be on display at the Noord-
brabants Museum here in ’s-Her-
togenbosch, the artist’s home-
town, as part of “Hieronymus
Bosch: Visions of Genius,” the
largest Bosch retrospective ever
assembled. The show, which opens
on Feb. 13, will feature 20 Bosch
paintings and 19 drawings.
Matthijs Ilsink, the coordinator
of the Bosch Research and Conser-
vation Project and a co-curator of
the retrospective, said he first be-
came interested in the painting
when he saw it in an exhibition cat-
alog several years ago and got a tip
from an amateur historian who
had taken an interest in the work.
But Kansas City is a long flight
from Amsterdam, and so he put
the picture on his lengthy to-check
N C5
JOHN HOGG
but to have someone who is en-
gaged with tradition, who is play-
ing against expectations, and has
the openness to allow all things to
come into the dance was some-
thing I was in sympathy with,” he
said in a telephone interview from
his home in Johannesburg.
The international success of
“Swan Lake” and “Carmen” has
kept Ms. Masilo and her dancers
working steadily for the last three
years, but she said she was look-
ing forward to time off to create a
new work.
“I’ve done flamenco, Zulu
dance, West African dance, and
now I’m learning the dance of my
own Tswana culture,” Ms. Masilo
said. “It is very delicate and intri-
cate, with a lot of complicated
rhythms and footwork with rat-
tles.” She paused. “I’m thinking,
‘Giselle.’ ”
list. It was not until last fall, after
he and his colleagues were finish-
ing up their studies for the mono-
graph, that he remembered the
work at the Nelson-Atkins.
Assembling the retrospective
required a nine-year effort to get
larger institutions to entrust their
Bosches to a small museum with
limited resources. Among the
works on display are “Haywain
Triptych,” on loan from the Prado
in Madrid, and “The Adoration of
the Magi” from the Met, as well as
nine paintings that have been re-
cently restored, six of them with
the help of the research project.
Notably absent is “Garden of
Earthly Delights,” which is a cen-
terpiece of the Prado and has not
left Spain in more than 400 years.
The research project, which was
financed by the city of ‘s-Herto-
genbosch, the Foundation Jheron-
imus Bosch 500, the Gieskes-Stri-
jbis Fund and the Getty Founda-
tion, examined about 35 paintings
by Bosch, his followers or mem-
bers of his workshop.
“The Temptation of St. Antho-
ny,” which is about 15 inches tall
and 10 inches wide, was probably
part of a much larger panel from a
triptych that was dismantled at
some point in the last 500 years. It
had been heavily retouched and
painted over.
The Nelson-Atkins bought the
work from a dealer in New York in
1935, two years after the museum
was founded on the former estate
of William Rockhill Nelson, a real
estate developer and founder of
The Kansas City Star newspaper.
“St. Anthony” contains the bi-
zarre details that have long
amused and baffled viewers —
what the Bosch project called “fa-
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miliar little monsters,” like a figure
with a spoonbill beak, a toad clam-
bering out of the water and a float-
ing sausage.
But the key to the upgrade of the
painting’s authorship to master
from follower lay beneath the sur-
face, researchers said.
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m
Bosch was constantly rework-
ing his paintings, covering over or
wiping out whole scenes from ear-
lier drafts. Mr. Ilsink and his team
were able to visualize those layers,
using infrared photography and
infrared reflectography, and they
said that the “St. Anthony” under-
drawings “perfectly match” those
from other panels in Bosch’s core
oeuvre in style, composition and
brush work.
C6 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 2016

Profiles in Courage,
In Iran Since 1979
From First Arts Page
executions) was used to extract
forced confessions.
Some of those profiled began
as anti-Western militants in-
volved in the taking of American
hostages and evolved into propo-
nents of democratic reform.
Some began as revolutionaries
with the highest hopes of creat-
ing a new Islamic state with
room for liberal, humanist ideas,
only to find themselves in the
NINA SUBIN
crosshairs of extremists, intent
on cementing their own power Children of Paradise
and crushing all dissent. Some The Struggle for the Soul of Iran
tried to maintain political viabili-
ty by trying to triangulate among Laura Secor
the many factions in Iranian 508 pages. Riverhead Books. $30.
politics. And some were killed or
forced into exile after excruciat- paid for dissent. There’s the
ing stints in prison and threats writer Akbar Ganji, a Revolution-
against their relatives and ary Guardsman in the 1980s, who
friends. became a liberal agitator and one
Ms. Secor’s portraits create an of the Islamic Republic’s most
impressionistic montage of Irani- formidable political prisoners.
an life during the last 37 years, And there’s Abbas Amir En-
RAY MICKSHAW/FX
which is hugely valuable in help- tezam, who served under Mehdi
David Schwimmer, left, as Robert Kardashian and John Travolta as Robert Shapiro in “The People v. O.J. Simpson” on FX. ing us understand Iran’s complex Bazargan (the country’s first
back story. Indeed, as this book prime minister after the revolu-

A Garish Legal Spectacle, Seen in Double Vision underscores, today’s battles

From First Arts Page
v. O. J. Simpson” is not interested
in sharing its own, though the
book it’s based on, “The Run of
His Life: The People v. O. J.
Simpson,” by Jeffrey Toobin,
couldn’t be more explicit: “Simp-
son murdered his ex-wife and
her friend.” (The author was a
consultant on the series.)
Instead, “The People,” which
was developed by the
screenwriters Scott Alexander
and Larry Karaszewski (“The
People vs. Larry Flynt,” “Ed
Wood”) and has Ryan Murphy as
an executive producer, focuses
on the legal process. Like the
true-crime sensations “Serial”
and “The Jinx,” it’s conscious of
the ways justice is achieved,
denied or bought. You’ve seen
“Making a Murderer”? Get
ready for “Unmaking a Mur-
derer.”
“The People” opens with video
of the 1991 police beating of an
African-American motorist,
Rodney King, which sets the
racial context (and echoes in the
Black Lives Matter movement),
then jumps to the hours and days
after the murders, as suspicion
settles around Mr. Simpson
(Cuba Gooding Jr.).
Mr. Gooding captures the
unsettling enigma of Mr. Simp-
son, the running back, actor and
Hertz pitchman, grown strange
in the hothouse of celebrity,
lashing out — in grief? guilt? —
as the investigation closes in on
him. Before the infamous free-
way chase, he signs a suicide
note, “Peace and Love, O. J.,”
with a smiley face in the “O.”
The show really comes to life
when we meet Johnnie Cochran
(a magnetic Courtney B. Vance),
a legal maestro who can hear the
note of race in the investigation
while everyone else is still deaf
to it. Mr. Simpson may protest to
his defense team that “I’m not
black, I’m O. J.!” But when the
prosecutor Christopher Darden
(Sterling K. Brown) argues to an
African-American neighbor that
Mr. Simpson effectively “became
white” as a celebrity, his neigh-
bor answers: “Well, he got the
cops chasing him. He’s black
now.”
But he’s still famous, and rich
enough to assemble his fractious
dream team of defenders, includ-
ing Mr. Cochran, Robert Shapiro
(imagined by John Travolta as a
vain wax doll), F. Lee Bailey
(Nathan Lane) and Alan Der-
showitz (Evan Handler), aided
by Mr. Simpson’s pal Robert
Kardashian (David Schwimmer).
Against this well-financed
club, its meetings catered with
lox and whitefish from Nate’n Al
of Beverly Hills, is the overtaxed
yet overconfident prosecutor
Marcia Clark (Sarah Paulson),
certain that once a jury sees the
evidence and O. J.’s history of
domestic violence, neither race
nor celebrity will matter. She’s
driven, idealistic, blinded,
doomed.
Docufiction may seem an odd
fit for Mr. Murphy, known for
carving the exquisite gargoyles
of “American Horror Story” and
“Scream Queens.” But Mr. Mur-
phy, a former journalist, has a
reporter’s impulse to document
the way we live and a moralist’s
zeal about society’s obsession
with fame and appearance. (His
“Nip/Tuck” used plastic surgery
to examine self-loathing; “Glee”
began with Rachel Berry’s decla-
ration that “being anonymous is
worse than being poor.”)
“The People” shifts tones
nimbly. When Mr. Cochran
stages Mr. Simpson’s house for a
walk-through by the largely
black jury — removing pictures
of white people and furnishing it
A notorious trial,
multiple perspectives.
with Afro-centric décor and art
from “the Cochran collection” —
the makeover scene slyly slip-
pity-slides to Coolio’s “Fantastic
Voyage.” But the series also
slaps us with reality: grisly stills
from the murder scene; a mo-
ment in which Mr. Cochran is
slammed to the hood of his car
during a police stop, in front of
his children.
Like an amateur sleuth argu-
ing that a guilty man was
framed, this series believes that
two seemingly opposed ideas can
be true: a charge of police rac-
ism, say, can be both legitimate
and cynically deployed. Its tri-
umph is to take a case that divid-
ed the nation into teams and
treat everyone, vulture or victim,
with curiosity and empathy.
Ms. Clark, for instance, has
been lambasted for her failings
— Tina Fey played her as a bum-
bler in “Unbreakable Kimmy
between hard-liners and more
moderate and reformist forces
tion, who appealed for modera-
tion); he became known, Ms.
Secor writes, as “Iran’s Nelson
are part of a historical clash
Schmidt.” Ms. Paulson makes her Mandela,” serving some 27 years
between political and religious
a flawed but tragic heroine: a in prison or under house arrest
principles, as well as tensions
divorced mom, strapped for child — two and a half of those in a cell
between nationalistic yearnings
care, battling a legal hydra made so crowded “that the inmates
for authenticity and a
of money while the tabloids pick philosophical openness to (even took turns sleeping on the floor,
at her hairstyle and kibitzers tell fascination with) Western ideas each of them getting just three
her to smile more. Among other and ideals. hours of sleep every 24 hours.”
Among the most haunting
things, the series is a story of a Drawing parallels between
stories recounted in these pages
feminist narrative — domestic Iran’s revolution and the classic
abuse, stereotypes of women — is that of two brothers, Akbar
template of revolution described
losing to a racial one. (If the trial by the historian Crane Brinton in and Manouchehr Mohammadi,
happened today, there would be a who led a secular student group
“The Anatomy of Revolution,”
smoking ash heap where Twitter Ms. Secor points out that revolu- and who were found guilty of
and Facebook used to be.) tionary Iran’s first political lead- waging war against God. Though
The casting is inspired, from ers like Mehdi Bazargan and their death sentences were com-
Connie Britton as Faye Resnick muted, Ms. Secor reports, they
(Ms. Simpson’s friend turned
Abolhassan Bani-Sadr were
moderates, but that they were were tortured horribly in prison:
instant tell-all author) to Larry
King as himself. Robert Morse is
soon driven out of government Akbar refused to implicate his
brother in a foreign plot against
by radicals, who consolidated
delectable as the journalist- power and put into effect what
gadfly Dominick Dunne, who Brinton would have called a
dismisses the notion that the reign of “terror and virtue.”
police framed Mr. Simpson. “O. J.
hosted pool parties for them,” he
So many “enemies of God” Harrowing personal
were executed in the summer of
scoffs, dragging out “pooool” into 1988, following a fatwa issued by stories from a time
a little catty aria.
The oddest choice is how the
the Ayatollah Khomeini, she
writes, that “executioners com-
when executioners
series strains to include Mr.
Kardashian’s young children —
plained of overwork and asked to were overworked.
use firing squads,” but “silence
notably “Kimmy” — who now and secrecy were of the essence.”
live on reality-TV Olympus.
According to one former official,
Having used his new fame to she says, prisoners “were loaded the state and was beaten so
jump a line and score a table at
onto forklifts and lifted onto six badly that a disk in his spine
brunch, he tells his kids: “We are cranes from which they were
ruptured and he suffered internal
Kardashians. And in this family, hanged” — for some two months,
bleeding from his kidneys and
being a good person and a loyal this reportedly went on every
stomach. He mounted a hunger
friend is more important than half hour from 7:30 in the morn-
being famous.” strike in 2006 as a plea for medi-
ing until 5 o’clock in the evening. cal care, Ms. Secor writes, but
The line is on the nose enough
The problem with “Children of after being given an “unspecified
to leave a mark, but it feels like Paradise” is that it can feel hap-
more than mere name-dropping. medicine,” his condition
hazardly assembled, hopping worsened and he was left on a
The trial is long over, “The Peo-
and skipping around, and some- stretcher to die.
ple v. O. J. Simpson” tells us, but
times providing only a fuzzy Under pressure from the me-
the world is still dining out on sense of political context. For dia and international human
this sad story. instance, it skims over the rever- rights groups, the judiciary
berating consequences of the granted Manouchehr — whose
C.I.A.’s orchestration of the 1953 vertebrae had been fractured by
coup that ousted Mohammad prison beatings — a furlough to
Mossadegh, Iran’s prime min-
attend a memorial for his
ister. And the book sharply trun-
brother, and with the help of

Crossword Edited by Will Shortz

PUZZLE BY PETER A. COLLINS
cates an account of the 2009
democratic Green movement and
the brutal crackdown unleashed
on its protesters by Khomenei’s
Iran’s Kurdish Democratic Party,
he managed to escape to Iraq,
and then Turkey, and make his
successor, Ayatollah Ali way to the United States.
ACROSS 39 Thermonuclear 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Although Ms. Secor does not
experiment of Khamenei. The volume also ends
1 Something seen the ’50s abruptly, skating over the presi- always manage to situate such
14 15 16
in the 6-Across dency of Hassan Rouhani and his stories within a larger, coherent
43 Dutch cheese narrative, her subjects’ experi-
6 Blue expanse 17 18 19 efforts to contend with hard-
44 “Didn’t you get liners, eager to squash his more ences speak for themselves —
9 Melee the ___?” and they provide sharp, pinhole
20 21 22 moderate policies and outreach
14 Chick of jazz 48 Poker declaration to the West. windows into a country that for
23 24 25 26 27 What Ms. Secor does do in this many years has seemed, in her
15 Whom Uncle 50 Muslim holy book — with intense emotion — words, like “a black box whose
Sam wants, on month 28 29 30 31 is convey the often harrowing contents were all but unknow-
an old poster
52 Go separate stories of her subjects’ lives: able.”
16 “___ en Rose” ways 32 33 34 35 36
their hopes, their aspirations and Follow Michiko Kakutani on
(song classic) the often terrible prices they Twitter: @michikokakutani
53 Mani-pedi spot 37 38
17 Genius’s head? 56 “Hey, wait your
18 Yule quaff turn in line!” 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47

19 Gems with 57 Group found 48 49 50 51

kaleidoscopic below the
colors 37-Across 52 53 54 55 56

20 Group found 60 Express

above the appreciation for 57 58 59

37-Across 61 Zilch 60 61 62 63 64 65
23 Field worker, e.g. 62 Request
26 Old atlas inits. forgiveness for 66 67 68

66 Strangely
27 Things spotted in 69 70 71
a casino coincidental, say
67 Hip-hop’s Dr. ___ 2/2/16
28 Paul ___, 1993
World Series 68 “If ___ a 2 Bathroom, in 22 1960s Angela 45 Follower of
M.V.P. Carpenter” Bath Davis do, indiana., ohio.
69 Dog-eared informally or colorado.
30 Prop for the Tin 3 Bark
Man 23 Channel for 46 Wrestling need
70 Blue expanse 4 Bigname in cinephiles 47 Clip-___ (some
32
33
___ Mix
Dealer buster
71 Something seen
in the 70-Across
on-demand
media
5 Bald baby?
24
25
“How delightful!”
___ de France 49
sunglasses)
Immigrant’s
KenKen Answers to
36 Politburo refusals 29 Like a 1913 course, for short Previous Puzzles

37 Line dividing DOWN 6 Coordinate

Liberty Head 51 Subway artwork,
6- and 70-Across 1 Windows runners 7 Nutcases nickel maybe
Printed and distributed by PressReader
+1 604 278 4604 • ORIGINAL COPY • ORIGINAL COPY • ORIGINAL COPY • ORIGINAL COPY • ORIGINAL COPY • ORIGINAL COPY •

CO PY R I G H T A N D P R OT E C T E D BY A P P L I C A B L E L AW

8 Cheap 1980s car 31 Quaint lodging 54 Skin cream

ANSWER TO PREVIOUS PUZZLE imports 34 Expunge brand
9 Lump 35 Peter or Ivan 55 Blazing
A FM M N O T E O F T E N 58 “___-doke!”
10 At a clip 37 Brooklyn ___,
C RO A E R I E C A R V E
N.Y.: Abbr. 59 Bother for
C EO D W A L L S T R E E T 11 One of the seven
38 Saudi neighbor Bowser
E ES P E L T H O M E R S deadly sins
39 63 Anthem
S OH A L S B U B
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m

Trendy urbanite
12 University of contraction
S NU S E T B O U L E V A R D Kentucky athlete 40 Windpipe
B S A O P T R I L E Y 64 2nd Amendment
13 Alleviates 41 Aviation’s Amelia advocate
L U A U B E T E L S E
42 “Oh, shut up!”
E R I C H B R O E I N 21 Maine university 65 Slippery
town 44 Supersonic speed swimmer
M U L H O L L A N D D R I V E
F E E A D A G E S Fill the grid with digits so as not to repeat a digit in any row or column, and so that the digits within each
A D R I F T M Y M Y H S T Online subscriptions: Today’s puzzle and more than 9,000 past puzzles, heavily outlined box will produce the target number shown, by using addition, subtraction, multiplication
R O A D M O V I E S A T T A nytimes.com/crosswords ($39.95 a year). or division, as indicated in the box. A 4x4 grid will use the digits 1-4. A 6x6 grid will use 1-6.
A P N E A I S L E B E A T Read about and comment on each puzzle: nytimes.com/wordplay. For solving tips and more KenKen puzzles: www.nytimes.com/kenken. For feedback: nytimes@kenken.com
B E G A N P O L L E R L E Crosswords for young solvers: nytimes.com/studentcrosswords. KenKen® is a registered trademark of Nextoy, LLC. Copyright © 2016 www.KENKEN.com. All rights reserved.
 THE NEW YORK TIMES, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 2016 N C7

EVENING WHAT TO WATCH TUESDAY

7:00 7:30 8:00 8:30 9:00 9:30 10:00 10:30 11:00 11:30 12:00
2 WCBS The Insider (N) Entertainment Super Bowl’s Greatest Commercials 2016 A countdown of Super Bowl > NCIS “Double Trouble.” Vance NEWS (N) (CC) The Late Show With Stephen Col- “Blade Runner” remains on HBO Go till the end
(CC) (HD) Tonight (N) (CC) commercials. (N) (CC) (HD) (8:01) and Gibbs partner up in the field. (HD) bert David Schwimmer; Joel Osteen; of the month, so there is a window of opportunity
(HD) (CC) (HD) (14) (10:01) M. Ward. (N) (HD) (PG) (11:35)
for refreshing your memory. Continue that
4 WNBC Extra (N) (CC) Access Hol- Hollywood Game Night “Football Chicago Med “Reunion.” Manning Chicago Fire “The Sky Is Falling.” NEWS (N) (CC) The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy
(HD) (PG) lywood (N) (CC) Game Night.” Al Michaels; Rich returns from maternity leave. (N) Chili’s erratic behavior continues. (HD) Fallon Danny DeVito; Khloe Kar- exercise with Martin Scorsese’s “Goodfellas” on
(HD) (PG) Eisen; Apolo Ohno. (N) (CC) (HD) (CC) (HD) (14) (N) (CC) (HD) (14) dashian. (CC) (HD) (14) (11:34) Netflix, where you can also stream Season 1 of
5 WNYW > Modern Fam- > Modern Fam- ONew Girl “Bob OGrandfathered OBrooklyn Nine- The Grinder NEWS Alexander, Lacy, Gregory, > The Big Bang > The Simpsons TMZ Live (CC) “Better Call Saul” before the second season
ily “The Help.” ily “A Fair to Re- & Carol & Nick & “Budget Spa.” (N) Nine “Karen Per- “Grinder V Grind- Salzberg. (N) (CC) Theory (CC) “Simpsorama.” (HD) (PG) begins next week.
(CC) (HD) member.” (HD) Schmidt.” (N) (CC) (HD) (14) alta.” (N) (14) er.” (N) (HD) (HD) (PG) (CC) (PG)
7 WABC Jeopardy! (N) Wheel of For- OFresh Off the The Muppets Marvel’s Agent Carter “Smoke and What Would You Do? A person NEWS (N) (CC) Jimmy Kimmel Live George Cloo-
(CC) (HD) (G) tune (N) (CC)
(HD) (G)
Boat “Year of the “Swine Song.” (N) Mirrors.” Discoveries about Whitney saws the lock off a bike. (N) (CC)
Rat.” (N) (HD) (CC) (HD) (PG) Frost. (N) (CC) (HD) (PG) (HD)
(HD) ney; Dave Salmoni. (N) (CC) (HD)
(14) (11:35) WHAT’S STREAMING
9 WWOR Family Feud (N) > The Big Bang The Walking Dead “Judge, Jury, The Walking Dead “Better Angels.” NEWS (N) (CC) Inside Edition Anger Manage- Anger Manage- > How I Met
(CC) (HD) (PG) Theory Executioner.” (HD) (MA) (HD) (MA) (HD) (N) (CC) (HD) ment (CC) (HD) ment (CC) (HD) Your Mother (14)
11 WPIX > Friends (CC) > Seinfeld “The The Flash “Fast Lane.” Iris is wor- iZombie “Fifty Shades of Grey Mat- NEWS (N) (CC) PIX11 Sports > Seinfeld (CC) Two and a Half Two and a Half
(HD) (PG) Cafe.” (HD) ried about Wally. (N) (CC) (HD) (PG) ter.” (N) (CC) (HD) (14) (HD) Desk (HD) (10:45) (HD) (PG) Men (CC) (HD) Men (CC) (HD)
13 WNET PBS NewsHour (N) (CC) (HD) Finding Your Roots “Visionaries.” American Experience “Murder of a President.” The life of President > Charlie Rose (N) (CC) (HD) Tavis Smiley (N)
(N) (CC) (HD) (PG) James Garfield. (N) (CC) (HD) (PG) (CC) (G)
21 WLIW MetroFocus N.Y.C. Arts Miss Fisher’s Murder Mysteries Father Brown (CC) (PG) Luther (PG) MetroFocus NEWS (CC) No Escaping
25 WNYE Caged Bird: Life-Florence Secrets Blueprint: N.Y.C. Reel Works NYU Journalism Great Museums: Elevated Polish News Artist Toolbox Museums
31 WPXN Criminal Minds (CC) (HD) (PG) Criminal Minds (CC) (HD) (14) Criminal Minds “Scream.” (HD) (14) Criminal Minds “Lockdown.” (HD) Saving Hope “Bed One.” (N) (HD) Saving Hope (N)
UNIVERSAL PICTURES
41 WXTV Muchacha italiana viene a Antes Muerta que Lichita (N) Pasión y poder (N) El Hotel de los Secretos (N) Noticias (N) Noticiero Uni Deportivo
47 WNJU Caso Cerrado: Edición Estelar (N) Celia (N) (CC) Eva la Trailera (N) (CC) La Querida del Centauro (N) (CC) Noticias Titulares y Más Gran Hermano BLADE RUNNER (1982) on HBO Go. Ridley
48 WRNN NEWS (N) Paid programming Plastic Surgery Paid programming Scott’s noir science-fiction thriller, with a
49 CPTV PBS NewsHour (N) (CC) (HD) Finding Your Roots (N) (CC) (HD) American Experience “Murder of a President.” (N) (CC) (HD) (PG) Secrets of the Dead (CC) (HD) Newsline (CC) hard-boiled Harrison Ford as an agent who
50 WNJN One on One NEWS Doc Martin “Rescue Me.” (CC) Miss Fisher’s Murder Mysteries Mercy Street “The New Nurse.” NEWS Due Process > Charlie Rose must “retire” robots called replicants. He
55 WLNY 2 Broke Girls > Mike & Molly College Basketball Virginia Tech vs. Syracuse. Judge Judy (N) Judge Judy (HD) 2 Broke Girls > Mike & Molly Ent. Tonight becomes emotionally entangled with one while
in pursuit of another. Sweeping shots of a hazy
63 WMBC Paid programming Power Lecture Compass (8:40) NEWS Mission 2014 Paid programming
fictional skyline look as stunning in 2016 as they
68 WFUT Por Ella Soy Eva (6) La Rosa de Guadalupe (CC) Lady La Vendedora de Rosas Ruta 35 (N) Noticias (N) Noticiero Uni Vecinos (CC)
did in 1982. (Image: a scene from the film)
PREMIUM CABLE
ENC Real Genius (1985). Val Kilmer, Mi- Mars Attacks! (1996). Jack Nicholson, Glenn Close. Tim Burton’s parody Think Like a Man Too (2014). Las Vegas wedding Stealth (2005). Josh Lucas, Jessica
chele Meyrink. (PG) (CC) (6:10) of sci-fi schlock. Flat as a pancake. (PG-13) (CC) weekend goes awry. No thinking required. (CC) (9:50) Biel. (PG-13) (CC) (11:40)
FLIX Mafia! (1998). Jay Mohr. (PG-13) . Parenthood (1989). Steve Martin, Mary Steenburgen. Problems The Battle of Shaker Heights (2003). Shia LeBeouf, . Kicking and Screaming (1995).
(CC) (6:30) thereof. Bittersweet, sophisticated caper. (PG-13) (CC) Elden Henson. (PG-13) (CC) (10:05) Josh Hamilton, Olivia d’Abo. (R) (CC)
HBO Real Time With Bill Maher Radio True Story (2015). Jonah Hill. Murder suspect pretends Divergent (2014). Shailene Woodley, Theo James. Teenager battles segregated postwar The Last Castle
host Thom Hartmann. (CC) (MA) to be disgraced reporter. Hollow and inert. (R) (CC) society. Dumb despite dashing stars. (PG-13) (CC) (9:45) (2001). (CC) (12:10)
HBO2 A Knight’s Tale (2001). Heath Led- VICE Special Report: Fighting . Borat: Cultural Learnings of America for Make Ben- Real Time With Bill Maher Radio Boxing Sergey Kovalev vs. Jean
ger, Mark Addy. (PG-13) (CC) (5:45) ISIS (CC) (MA) efit Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan (2006). (R) (CC) host Thom Hartmann. (CC) (MA) Pascal. From Montreal. (CC)
MAX Meet the Spartans (2008). Parody of 300 (2007). Gerard Butler, Lena Headey. Outnumbered Spartan warriors 300: Rise of an Empire (2014). Eva Green. Greeks vs. Co-Ed Confidential 4Play “Staying
sword-and-sandal epics. (CC) (6:35) battle the Persian army. Muscle-bound, grunting self-seriousness. (R) (CC) Persians, take 2. More gravity-defying gore. (R) (CC) Power.” (CC) (MA) (11:45)
SHO Backcountry (2014). Missy Per- Billions “YumTime.” Axe makes an Inside the N.F.L. Highlights and Shameless “Going Once, Going Inside the N.F.L. Highlights and . King Kong
egrym, Jeff Roop. (R) (CC) (6:20) activist play. (CC) (MA) analysis. (CC) Twice.” Fiona confronts Patrick. (MA) analysis. (CC) (2005). (PG-13) (CC)
SHO2 . The Talented Shooter (2007). Wounded sniper plots revenge against those who be- The Circus: The Tudors “In Cold Blood.” A lady- The Tudors “Simply Henry.” Henry The Tudors (CC)
Mr. Ripley (5) trayed him. Mainly men and guns and things that go boom. (R) (CC) (7:20) Inside in-waiting becomes pregnant. (CC) considers an alliance with Spain. (MA)
STARZ Cinderella (2015). Same old Disney Cinderella. . Big Game (2014). Teenage Finnish hunter helps U.S. Black Sails “XX.” The Walrus crew Life (1999). Eddie Murphy, Martin Lawrence. Wisecrack-
Blanchett as stepmother steals show. (PG) (CC) (6:40) President evade killers. Irresistible fable-thriller. (PG-13) (CC) fights the elements. (CC) (MA) ing prison pals. More likable than it sounds. (R) (CC)
TMC Delivery Man (2013). Vince Vaughn, . Pride (2007). Terrence Howard, Bernie Mac. Swim coach organizes an all- . Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom (2013). Idris Elba, Naomie Harris. Portrait of South URSULA COYOTE/AMC
Chris Pratt. (PG-13) (CC) (6:15) black team in 1970s Philadelphia. Corny, but your heart will leap. (PG) (CC) African leader. Towering performance by Elba. (PG-13) (CC)
BETTER CALL SAUL on Netflix. The first
CABLE
season of this “Breaking Bad” spinoff, starring
7:00 7:30 8:00 8:30 9:00 9:30 10:00 10:30 11:00 11:30 12:00 Bob Odenkirk, began streaming on Netflix
A&E Fit to Fat to Fit “Steve; Tasha.” A Married at First Sight “Making OMarried at First Sight “Celebra- Fit to Fat to Fit “Adonis; Alissa.” (N) Fit to Fat to Fit “Steve; Tasha.” Married at First Monday. The show, set years before Odenkirk’s
mother of three tries to lose weight. Memories.” (CC) (PG) tions.” (N) (CC) (14) (CC) (PG) (10:01) (CC) (PG) (11:02) Sight (PG) (12:01)
character, Saul Goodman, meets Walter White,
AHC Anne Frank: Beyond the Diary Nuremberg: Nazi Judgment Day Nuremberg: Nazi Judgment Day Nuremberg: Nazi Judgment Day Nuremberg: Nazi Judgment Day Nuremberg
avoids the pitfalls of spinoff television. “ ‘Better
AJAM NEWS (N) (CC) NEWS (N) (CC) Ali Velshi America Tonight NEWS (N) (CC) NEWS (N) (CC) Inside Story NEWS (N) (CC) Call Saul’ is better than good: It’s delightful —
AMC The Rock (1996). Sean Connery, . The Fugitive (1993). Harrison Ford, Tommy Lee Jones. Super juggernaut of an adventure owes nothing to Air Force One (1997). Radical Russians take over Pres- in a brutal, darkly comic way, of course,”
Nicolas Cage. (R) (CC) (5) the past, including that series. (PG-13) idential plane. High-octane thrills; few surprises. (CC)
Alessandra Stanley wrote in The New York
APL River Monsters (CC) (PG) River Monsters “Amazon Apocalypse.” Boat attack killed over 200 people. Wild Expectations River Monsters “Amazon Apocalypse.” (CC) (PG)
Times. (Image: Mr. Odenkirk)
BBCA Kitchen Nightmares “Capri.” (CC) Kitchen Nightmares (CC) (14) Kitchen Nightmares (Part 1 of 2) Kitchen Nightmares (Part 2 of 2) Kitchen Nightmares “Sabatiello’s.” Nightmares
BET Tyler Perry’s Tyler Perry’s House of Payne “Bad Tyler Perry’s Tyler Perry’s Tyler Perry’s Zoe Ever After Real Husbands Zoe Ever After Real Husbands The Wendy Wil- GOODFELLAS (1990) on Amazon and iTunes.
House of Payne Influence.” (CC) (PG) (7:42) House of Payne House of Payne House of Payne “Ghost.” (N) (14) of Hollywood (N) “Ghost.” (14) of Hollywood liams Show (PG) Growing up in East New York, Brooklyn, in the
BLOOM > Charlie Rose (N) (CC) With All Due Respect (G) Trending Business (G) > Charlie Rose (CC) Bloomberg West (G) Paid programming 1950s, Henry Hill (Ray Liotta) goes to work for
BRV The Real Housewives of Beverly The Real Housewives of Beverly The Real Housewives of Beverly Girlfriends’ Guide to Divorce Abby Watch What The Real Housewives of Beverly local gangsters. Later, his exploits and those of
Hills “Going Deep.” (14) Hills “Busted BBQ.” (14) Hills “Backwards in Heels.” (N) (14) puts Dr. Harris to the test. (N) (14) Happens: Live Hills “Backwards in Heels.” (14)
his friends become ever more extreme and
CBSSN That Other Pregame Show (6) College Basketball U.N.L.V vs. New Mexico. Super Bowl Live The Timeline lurid. Martin Scorsese directed the film, which
CMT Last-Standing Last-Standing Last-Standing Last-Standing Fool’s Gold (2008). Squabbling treasure hunters seek Spanish coins. Perfect skin, imitation romance. (PG-13) (CC) Reba (CC) (PG) also stars Joe Pesci and Robert De Niro.
CN We Bare Bears Regular Show King of the Hill Bob’s Burgers Bob’s Burgers Cleveland Show American Dad American Dad Family Guy (14) Family Guy (14) Robot Chicken “ ‘Goodfellas’ doesn’t end,” Vincent Canby wrote
CNBC The Profit “240 Sweets.” A gourmet Shark Tank Knee-high boot socks; Shark Tank A sustainable replace- The Profit “Farmgirl Flowers.” (N)
The Profit “Wick’ed.” A candle com- The Profit in The Times. “It crashes, with Henry, into the
marshmallow company. Drop Stop. (CC) (PG) ment for peat moss. (CC) (PG) pany with niche products. sobriety of the straight world. It disturbs, and
CNN Erin Burnett OutFront (N) Anderson Cooper 360 (N) (CC) Anderson Cooper 360 (N) (CC) CNN Tonight With Don Lemon (N) CNN Tonight With Don Lemon (N) Anderson Coo- even makes one think.”
(PG) (PG) per 360 (PG)
COM . Groundhog Day . Groundhog Day (1993). Bill Murray, Andie MacDowell. Smug weatherman condemned to Tosh.0 “Possum The Half Hour The Daily Show The Nightly At Midnight With

COOK
(1993). (CC) (4:46) relive Feb. 2 over and over again in Punxsutawney, Pa. Witty and resonant. (PG) (CC) (7:24)
Unwrapped (G) Unwrapped (G) Man Fire Food Man Fire Food Junk Food Flip Junk Food Flip
Lady.” (CC) (14) “Nikki Glaser.”
Pizza Masters Pizza Masters
Show Chris Hardwick
Good Eats (G) Good Eats (G) Man Fire Food
WHAT’S ON TV
CSPAN US House of Representatives Special Orders Key Capitol Hill Hearings Speeches. Capitol Hill
CSPAN2 U.S. Senate Coverage Key Capitol Hill Hearings Speeches. Capitol Hill
CUNY NEWS (6:30) Closer to Truth Science & U! Attitude Human Body Physics-21st Wild! (G) Stoler Rpt Legend Classic Arts
DIS Liv and Maddie Mako Mermaids Let It Shine (2012, TVF). Tyler James Williams, Coco Jones. Cyrano de Bunk’d (CC) (G) Best Friends Girl Meets World K.C. Undercover Jessie “Romanc-
(CC) (G) “The Siren.” (G) hip-hop. (CC) Whenever (CC) (CC) (G) (CC) (Y7) ing the Crone.”
DIY Building Alaska (G) Building Alaska “Hello Hoonah.” Building Alaska (N) (G) Building Alaska “Family Legacy.” Building Alaska “Frozen Highway.” Building Alaska
DSC Moonshiners “Trouble Brewing.” Moonshiners: Outlaw Cuts “Caved Moonshiners “Cherry Bounce.” A Killing Fields “Family Matters.” (N) Moonshiners “Cherry Bounce.” A Killing Fields
The shiners double their efforts. (14) In.” (N) (CC) (14) massive international order. (N) (14) (CC) (14) massive international order. (11:01) (CC) (14) (12:01)
E! E! News (N) (CC) (PG) Total Divas (CC) (14) Total Divas (N) (CC) (14) Just Jillian “Expand the Brand.” (N) E! News (N) (CC) (PG)
ELREY War of the Worlds 2 V “Hearts and Minds.” (14) V “Fruition.” (14) V “Red Sky.” Val’s water breaks. Rockabilly Zombie Weekend (2013). Daniel Baldock.
ENCFAM Little Monsters (1989). Fred Savage. (PG) (CC) Million Dollar Arm (2014). Jon Hamm, Aasif Mandvi. (PG) (CC) (8:42) Blue Crush (2002). Kate Bosworth. (PG-13) (CC) (10:47)
ESPN College Basketball Kentucky vs. Tennessee. College Basketball Indiana vs. Michigan. SportsCenter (CC) SportsCenter
ESPN2 N.B.A. Coast to Coast College Basketball West Virginia vs. Iowa State. College Basketball
ADAM TAYLOR/FOX
ESPNCL Can’t Blame. Can’t Blame. Can’t Blame. Can’t Blame. Can’t Blame. Can’t Blame. Can’t Blame. Can’t Blame. Can’t Blame. Can’t Blame. Can’t Blame.
ESQTV Team Ninja Warrior (CC) (PG) Team Ninja Warrior (N) (CC) (PG) Friday Night Tykes Team Ninja Warrior (CC) (10:15) Team Ninja Team Ninja Warrior (CC) (PG) NEW GIRL 8 p.m. on Fox. This is the comedic
FOOD Chopped “Belly Up.” (G) Chopped Junior “Shake It Up.” (G) Chopped “Tailgate Fate.” (G) Chopped “Tailgate Party.” (N) (G) Chopped “All-Burger Meal!” (G) Chopped (G) Zooey Deschanel vehicle that popularized the
FOXNEWS On the Record With Greta Van The O’Reilly Factor (N) (CC) The Kelly File (N) Hannity (N) The O’Reilly Factor (CC) The Kelly File word “adorkable.” Nick considers his future,
Susteren (N) (CC)
and Schmidt weighs in; Winston and Cece shop
FREEFRM Pretty Little Liars (CC) (14) Pretty Little Liars (N) (CC) (14) Shadowhunters “Raising Hell.” (N) Pretty Little Liars (CC) (14) The 700 Club (CC) (HD) (G) Mean Girls (2004). for a wedding dress. At 8:30, on
FS1 College Basketball Georgetown vs. Butler. (CC) College Basketball Providence vs. DePaul. (CC) Fox Sports Live (CC) TMZ Sports “Grandfathered,” Jimmy visits a Korean spa
FUSE > Hates Chris > Hates Chris The PJs (CC) The PJs (CC) The PJs (CC) The PJs (CC) The PJs (CC) The PJs (CC) You Got Served: Beat the World (2011). (PG-13) with Ravi and Gerald, and Sara, Vanessa and
FX Thor (2011). Thor: The Dark World (2013). Chris Hemsworth, Natalie Portman. Thor versus light-suck- The People v. O.J. Simpson: American Crime Story The People v. O.J. Simpson: Annelise patronize a new bar. (Image: Lamorne
(PG-13) (CC) (5) ing Dark Elves. Witless. (PG-13) (CC) “From the Ashes of Tragedy.” (Series Premiere) (N) American Crime Story (MA) (11:20) Morris and Hannah Simone)
FXM Immortals (2011). FXM Presents The Sitter (2011). Jonah Hill. Adventures in slacker The Sitter (2011). Jonah Hill, Max Records. Adventures in slacker baby- Bringing Down the House (2003).
(R) (CC) (5:30) (CC) (MA) (7:41) babysitting. Breezily indifferent comedy. (R) (CC) sitting. Breezily indifferent comedy. (R) (CC) (9:42) Steve Martin. (PG-13) (CC) FRESH OFF THE BOAT 8 p.m. on ABC. The
FXX Runner Runner (2013). (R) (6) > The Simpsons > The Simpsons > The Simpsons > The Simpsons > The Simpsons > The Simpsons > The Simpsons > The Simpsons Archer (MA) Huang family ends up in Orlando instead of
FYI Married at First Sight (CC) (14) Married at First Sight (CC) (PG) Married at First Sight (N) (CC) Married-Sight BlackLove “Crash the Party.” (N) Food Porn (CC) Married-Sight Washington for the Chinese New Year because
GOLF Golf Academy Learning Center P.G.A. Tour Golf Final Round of 2015 Phoenix Open. Golf Central Inside P.G.A. P.G.A. Tour Golf of an airline error. In the absence of their
GSN Family Feud Family Feud The Chase (CC) (PG) Family Feud Family Feud Family Feud Family Feud Family Feud Family Feud Family Feud extended clan, the Huangs are left to search for
HALL Last-Standing Last-Standing All Things Valentine (2015). Sarah Rafferty, Sam Page. (CC) The Middle (PG) The Middle (PG) Golden Girls Golden Girls Golden Girls other people with whom to spend the holiday.
HGTV Fixer Upper (CC) (G) Fixer Upper (CC) (G) Fixer Upper (N) (CC) (G) House Hunters Hunters Int’l Fixer Upper (CC) Fixer Upper (G)
MARRIED AT FIRST SIGHT 9 p.m. on A&E.
HIST The Curse of Oak Island “Sword The Curse of Oak Island: Digging The Curse of Oak Island “Secrets To be announced The Curse of Oak Island “Secrets Oak Island: Dig-
Play.” (CC) (PG) Deeper “Voices From Below.” (N) and Revelations.” (Season Finale) (N) and Revelations.” (CC) (PG) (11:03) ging Deeper Prospective couples meet, promptly marry and
HLN Forensic Files Forensic Files Nancy Grace (N) Dr. Drew (N) Forensic Files Forensic Files Forensic Files Forensic Files Forensic Files
go on their honeymoons. Their relationships are
then documented until each pair decides
ID Homicide Hunter: Lt. Joe Kenda Homicide Hunter: Lt. Joe Kenda Ice Cold Killers “Slaying Season.” Homicide Hunter: Lt. Joe Kenda Homicide Hunter: Lt. Joe Kenda Ice Cold Killers
“Dead on Target.” (CC) (14) “City of Fear.” (CC) (14) (N) (CC) (14) “My Tortured Soul.” (N) (CC) (14) “City of Fear.” (CC) (14) “Slaying Season.” whether to stay together. In this episode, a
IFC That ’70s Show That ’70s Show That ’70s Show That ’70s Show That ’70s Show That ’70s Show That ’70s Show That ’70s Show That ’70s Show That ’70s Show That ’70s Show friendship causes insecurity, Samantha hangs
“Hot Dog.” (CC) “Thank You.” (14) “Black Dog.” (PG) “The Crunge.” “The Girl I Love.” (CC) (PG) (CC) (PG) (CC) (14) “Ramble On.” (14) (CC) (PG) “Hot Dog.” (CC) out with Neil’s friends, and David is sending
LIFE Dance Moms “Mini Dancers, Big Dance Moms “Dance & Chat: Now Dance Moms “Abby’s Replaceable.” Pitch Slapped “Eliminations Begin.” Little Women: Atlanta “Twerk Off!” Dance Moms texts to a woman other than Ashley.
Drama.” (CC) (PG) You See Abby, Now You Don’t.” (N) (N) (CC) (PG) (N) (CC) (PG) (10:06) The ladies hit the town. (CC) (11:06) (CC) (PG) (12:02)
LMN Hoarders “Verna; Joanne.” An im- Intervention “Cristy.” Psychothera- Intervention “Ryan.” A father-to-be Intervention “Danielle.” A woman Intervention “Chuckie.” A third-gen- Intervention
maculate home becomes a filthy pit. pist; stripper. (CC) (14) battles the bottle. (CC) (14) with an addiction to Percocet. (CC) eration addict. (CC) (14) “Cristy.” (CC)
7:00 7:30 8:00 8:30 9:00 9:30 10:00 10:30 11:00 11:30 12:00
LOGO Child’s Play 2 (1990). Killer-doll rides Child’s Play 2 (1990). Alex Vincent, Jenny Agutter. Killer-doll rides again. The Faculty (1998). Jordana Brewster, Clea DuVall. Teachers from another planet. Pass-
again. Unfortunately. (R) (CC) (6) Unfortunately. (R) (CC) able horror; cast gets extra credit. (R) (CC)
MLB Intentional Talk M.L.B. Now M.L.B. Tonight M.L.B. Network Presents M.L.B. Network Presents M.L.B. Tonight M.L.B. Network
MSG Knicks Pregame N.B.A. Boston Celtics vs. New York Knicks. Knicks Post. Knicks Extra JB Smoove Rangers in 60
MSGPL N.H.L. New York Rangers vs. New Jersey Devils. Devils Postgame The Game 365 N.H.L. Minnesota Wild vs. New York Islanders.
MSNBC Hardball With Chris Matthews (N) All In With Chris Hayes (N) The Rachel Maddow Show (N) The Last Word All In With Chris Hayes Rachel Maddow
MTV Ridiculousness Ridiculousness Ridiculousness Ridiculousness Teen Wolf “Amplification.” (N) (14) The Shannara Chronicles (N) (14) American Pie (1999). Jason Biggs. (R) (11:01)
NBCS N.H.L. Live (6:30) N.H.L. Florida Panthers vs. Washington Capitals. N.H.L. Overtime (10:15) World Series of Fighting
NGEO Mine Hunters “Seven Sapphires.” The Boonies “Finders Keepers.” The Boonies “Into the Abyss.” (N) Mine Hunters (N) (14) The Boonies “Into the Abyss.” (14) Mine Hunters
NICK Paradise Run (N) Henry Danger Henry Danger Nicky, Ricky Full House (CC) Full House (CC) Full House (CC) Full House (CC) > Friends (14) > Friends (14) > Friends (14)
NICKJR Wallykazam! (Y) Bubble Guppies Bubble Guppies Shimmer, Shine Peppa Pig (CC) Peppa Pig (CC) Go, Diego, Go! Blaze, Monster Team Umizoomi Little Charmers Mia and Me (Y)
JOHN P. FLEENOR/FOX
NY1 Inside City Hall New York Tonight The Call Inside City Hall NEWS Sports on 1 The Last Word. (11:35)
OVA . La Bamba (1987). (PG-13) (5:30) . The Descendants (2011). Lawyer learns dying wife was unfaithful. Full of grief and warmth. (R) . 127 Hours (2010). For trapped hiker, solution is severe. Frequently dazzling. BROOKLYN NINE-NINE 9 p.m. on Fox. Jake
OWN The Haves and the Have Nots (14) The Haves and the Have Nots (14) The Haves and the Have Nots (N) The Haves and the Have Nots (14) The Haves and the Have Nots (14) The Haves, Nots wants to introduce Amy to his mother but is
OXY The Prancing Elites Project (CC) The Prancing Elites Project (N) The Prancing Elites Project (CC) The Prancing Elites Project (CC) The Prancing Elites Project (CC) Prancing Elites thwarted by the appearance of his father.
SCIENCE What on Earth? “Lake of Blood.” What on Earth? (CC) (PG) What on Earth? (N) (CC) (9:01) What on Earth? (CC) (PG) (10:01) What on Earth? (CC) (PG) (11:01) What on Earth? Mandatory body cams complicate policing.
SMITH Concorde: Flying Supersonic (HD) Air Disasters (CC) (HD) (14) X-Ray Mega Airport (CC) (HD) Secrets of the Third Reich (HD) Air Disasters (CC) (HD) (14) X-Ray Mega A.
(Image: Andy Samberg and Melissa Fumero)
SNY College Basketball Rhode Island vs. Massachusetts. (CC) Oh Yeah. Oh Yeah. Baseball Night SportsNite SportsNite SportsNite SportsNite ALEC M. PRIESTER
SPIKE Hitch (2005). Will Smith. (PG-13) (5) Happy Gilmore (1996). Adam Sandler, Christopher McDonald. (PG-13) Hitch (2005). Will Smith, Eva Mendes. (PG-13)
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SUN . Deliverance (1972). Burt Reynolds, Jon Voight. Weekend canoeists vs. . Cliffhanger (1993). Sylvester Stallone. Harrowing air crash forces demor- Cobra (1986). Sylvester Stallone. L.A. sleuth stalks
backwoods fiends, from Dickey novel. Raw and riveting. (R) (CC) (6:30) alized rescue worker back into action. Rugged, mile-high suspense. (R) (CC) slasher. Crude and sometimes confusing. (R) (CC)
SYFY Silent Hill (2006). Radha Mitchell, Resident Evil (2002). Milla Jovovich, Michelle Rodriguez. Virus turns The Expanse “Critical Mass; Leviathan Wakes.” Holden and Miller team 12 Monkeys ONLINE: TELEVISION LISTINGS
Laurie Holden. (R) (CC) (5:30) research staff into ravenous zombies. Gory technohorror. (R) (CC) up on Eros. (Season Finale) (N) (CC) “Arms of Mine.”
Television highlights for a full week, recent
TBS > Seinfeld “The > Seinfeld “The > The Big Bang > The Big Bang > The Big Bang > The Big Bang > The Big Bang > The Big Bang Conan Charlie Day; Rob Gronkows- 2 Broke Girls
Pie.” (CC) Stand-In.” Theory (14) Theory Theory (14) Theory (14) Theory Theory (14) ki. (N) (CC) (14) (CC) (14) reviews by The Times’s critics and complete
TCM . Battle of the Bulge (1966). Hen- . The Sting (1973). Paul Newman, Robert Redford. Two 30’s Chicago . The Verdict (1982). Paul Newman, Charlotte Rampling. Biting courtroom drama, with local television listings.
ry Fonda, Robert Ryan. (CC) (5) con men. Nimble and amusing, with effective Joplin music. (PG) (CC) exceptional Newman as alcoholic lawyer. (R) (CC) (10:15) nytimes.com/tv
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m

TLC The Little Couple “Safety First!” The Little Couple (CC) (G) The Little Couple (N) (CC) (G) Rattled (Series Premiere) (N) (CC) The Little Couple (CC) (G) Rattled (CC)
TNT Castle “A Rose for Everafter.” Cas- Castle “Sucker Punch.” Investigating Castle “The Third Man.” A family Castle “Suicide Squeeze.” A former Castle “The Mistress Always > CSI: NY “He-
tle runs into an old flame. (CC) an Irish mobster’s death. (CC) (PG) finds a dead man in the house. (CC) ballplayer is murdered. (CC) (PG) Spanks Twice.” (CC) (14) roes.” (CC) Definitions of symbols used in the program listings:
TRAV Bizarre Foods America (CC) (PG) Bizarre Foods America “Boston.” Delicious Destinations Booze Traveler (N) (CC) (PG) Bizarre Foods/Zimmern Delicious ★ Recommended film (N) New show or episode
TRU Imp. Jokers Imp. Jokers Imp. Jokers Imp. Jokers Imp. Jokers Imp. Jokers Almost Genius 10 Things (N) 10 Things (11:01) 10 Things (11:31) Imp. Jokers ☆ Recommended series (CC) Closed-captioned
 New or noteworthy program (HD) High definition
TVLAND Andy Griffith Andy Griffith > Everybody Loves Raymond > Raymond > Raymond > Raymond > Raymond King of Queens King of Queens King of Queens
Ratings:
USA > Modern Fam- > Modern Fam- > Modern Fam- > Modern Fam- > Modern Fam- > Modern Fam- > Modern Fam- > Modern Fam- > Modern Fam- > Modern Fam- > Law & Order: (Y)All children (PG) Parental guidance suggested
ily (CC) ily (CC) ily (CC) ily (CC) ily (CC) ily (CC) ily (CC) ily (CC) ily (CC) ily (CC) SVU (CC) (Y7) Directed to older children (14) Parents strongly cautioned
VH1 Love & Hip Hop “The Long Game.” The Best Man (1999). Taye Diggs. Writer meets old flame at friend’s wedding. Genial. (R) (CC) Coming to America (1988). African prince seeks bride. Listless. (CC) (10:36) (G) General audience (MA) Mature audience only
WE > Law & Order “Trust.” Friend’s > Law & Order “Vengeance.” Mur- > Law & Order “Sisters of Mercy.” > Law & Order “Cradle to Grave.” > Law & Order “The Fertile Fields.” > Law & Order
shooting was accidental? (CC) (14) der suspect faces extradition. (14) (CC) (PG) Slumlord causes infant’s death. (PG) (CC) (PG) “Intolerance.” (14) The TV ratings are assigned by the producers or network.
Ratings for theatrical films are provided by the Motion Picture
YES Yankees Classics From Oct. 26, 2000. (CC) CenterStage Best of The Michael Kay Show Nets Magaz. Association of America.
C8 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 2016

CONGRATULATIONS
to The New York Times
The semifinalists below have been selected from
several hundred eligible applicants currently enrolled in
public, private or parochial schools in the five boroughs
of New York City. These students have demonstrated
outstanding academic achievement, community service College Scholarship
Program 2016
and commitment to learning in the face of financial and
other obstacles. A select number of these High School
seniors will receive four-year college scholarships,

Semifinalists
summer internships, mentoring and introductions to
various cultural and civic activities. Support for the
scholarships comes from The New York Times College
Scholarship Endowment started with a generous grant
from The Starr Foundation and from contributions by
Times readers. New York Times reporters, editors,
executives and several other employees will help
select the winners, whose names will be announced
at a later date.
To learn more about this program or to donate,
please visit www.nytimes.com/scholarship.

BRONX BROOKLYN MANHATTAN QUEENS STATEN ISLAND

Leonel Martinez Tavan Wright Mamadou Diallo Bushra Rahman Sabrina Quintana
All Hallows High School Academy for Conservation and the A. Philip Randolph Campus High Academy of American Studies Curtis High School
George Rivera Environment School Chris Lora Stephanie Johnson
All Hallows High School Peter Simpson Tashi Bhutia Aviation Career Technical New Dorp High School
Astia Innis All City Leadership Secondary Art and Design High School Education High School Destini March
Bronx High School for Medical School Stephen Velastegui Gurjeet Singh Susan E. Wagner High School
Science Terry-Ann Lawrence Art and Design High School Aviation Career Technical
Ivan Vargas Benjamin Banneker Academy Jasmine Rucker Education High School
Bronx Leadership Academy II High Adenique Lisse Cathedral High School Najma Tubssum
School Benjamin Banneker Academy Sarah Begum Baccalaureate School for Global
Michael Reid Onike Browne Central Park East High School Education
Eximius College Preparatory Brooklyn College Academy Jia Ying Mei Shania Sinclair
Academy Adoni Dowridge Eleanor Roosevelt High School Bard High School Early College
Jasmine Capellan Brooklyn High School of the Arts Queens
Evan Rosado
High School of American Studies at Princess Adeyinka Esperanza Preparatory Academy Cedoni Francis
Lehman College Brooklyn Technical High School Forest Hills High School
Dyanna Bohorques
Maryam Hashmi Nishitha Burman Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School Samia Tamazi
High School of American Studies at Brooklyn Technical High School of Music, Art and Performing Arts Francis Lewis High School
Lehman College Sumitra GC
Matthew Choy Ivette Cortez
Leila Rami Fatimata Sylla Brooklyn Technical High School Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School Grover Cleveland High School
High School of World Cultures of Music, Art and Performing Arts Cassidy James
Eileen Cruz
Ajifanta Marenah Brooklyn Technical High School Patrick Maruffi High School for Arts and Business
New Visions Charter High School Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School Shaharan Chowdhury
for Advanced Math and Science Nazia Hanif
Brooklyn Technical High School of Music, Art and Performing Arts Hillcrest High School
Taina Perez Alassane Jelani Balde Sumayra Khan
New Visions Charter High School Kayla Jessup
Brooklyn Technical High School Harlem Childrens Zone Promise Hillcrest High School
for Advanced Math and Science Academy Charter
Maya Muhieddine Sunpreet Singh
Matthew DiFuccia Tiranke Kande Hillcrest High School
Salesian High School Brooklyn Technical High School
Harlem Village Academies High Zainab Tahir
Jayna Cooke Tracey Andrew Palacios School
Brooklyn Technical High School Hillcrest High School
Theatre Arts Production Company Jean Kevin Fernandez
School Laurette Parrella Jacqueline Infante-Hernandez
High School of Economics and Monsignor McClancy High School
Allen Deleon Brooklyn Technical High School Finance
Theatre Arts Production Company Isaiah White Kendra Dennis
Keisha Aboagye Preparatory Academy for Writers
School Brooklyn Technical High School Manhattan Center for Science and
Emma Navarro Wilson Zhang Mathematics Jada Fitzpatrick
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Aileen Jiminian
School Natasha Soto Manhattan Village Academy Deanna Lochan
Bushwick Leaders High School for Queens High School for the
Eileen Jiminian Sciences at York College
Academic Excellence Manhattan Village Academy
Milo Jackson Hughes Cassandra Francis
Raquel Mabra York Early College Academy
Columbia Secondary School Manhattan Center for Science and
Daniel Collins, Jr. Mathematics Nabila Chowdhury
Eagle Academy for Young Men II Young Women’s Leadership School,
Sandra Alcaraz Astoria
Davonte Kelly Saint Jean Baptiste High School
Eagle Academy for Young Men II Anum Sheikh
Tina Jiang Young Women’s Leadership School,
Jean Louis Stuyvesant High School Astoria
Eagle Academy for Young Men II Miesha Agrippa
Abiodun Omotayo The Chapin School
Eagle Academy for Young Men II Darianny Abreu
Kelechi Stuart The High School of Fashion
Eagle Academy for Young Men II Industries
Brittany Davis Nasiba Chowdhury
Edward R. Murrow High School The High School of Fashion
Melissa Ferrari Industries
Edward R. Murrow High School Matthew Levy
Mark Ivachtchenko The Rabbi Joseph H. Lookstein
Edward R. Murrow High School Upper School of Ramaz
Lisa Mollano Zuher Ibrahim
Fort Hamilton High School Union Square Academy for Health
Sciences
Kayah Lewis
High School for Youth and Rayne Robateau
Community Development at Union Square Academy for Health
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Keisha Jean-Charles Gennesis Sierra
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Midwood High School

Natural Baptiste
The Brooklyn School for Math and
Research
Lauren Robinson
The High School for Enterprise,
Business and Technology
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m

Tahamina Hossain
Urban Assembly Institute of Math
and Science for Young Women

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to more than 200 graduates of New York City public schools, selected because they excelled in the face of adversity
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3 MATTER 3 MATHEMATICS 4 EATING DISORDERS

Diabetics who skip

The Supreme Court A challenge for insulin to lose weight.
settles the fate of two children and 5 THE NEW OLD AGE
skeletons more than scientists: keeping Acid reflux drugs may
9,000 years old. beavers on track. endanger long-term users.

SCIENCE MEDICINE TECHNOLOGY HEALTH TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 2016 D1

N

Dreams of the Dying

JONATHON ROSEN

A team at a hospice is trying to understand the importance of visions in helping the ill and the bereaved.
By JAN HOFFMAN
LANCASTER, N.Y. — One evening in the late fall, Lucien Majors, 84, watery pale blue eyes widening with delight
at the thought of the road trip.
sat at his kitchen table, his wife Jan by his side, as he described a re- “We were looking for the Grand Canyon.”
And then they saw it. “We talked about how
cent dream. Mr. Majors had end-stage bladder cancer and was in renal amazing, because there it was — all this
failure. As he spoke with a doctor from Hospice Buffalo, he was alert time, the Grand Canyon was just at the end
of Clinton Street!”
but faltering. ¶In the dream, he said, he was in his car with his great Mr. Majors had not spoken with Carmen
pal, Carmen. His three sons, teenagers, were in the back seat, joking in more than 20 years. His sons are in their
late 50s and early 60s. “Why do you think
around. ¶“We’re driving down Clinton Street,” said Mr. Majors, his CONTINUED ON PAGE D6

At the Heart of El Niño

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Researchers take to the air mospheric Administration were cruising

seeking better forecasting.
this desolate stretch of tropical ocean where
the northern and southern trade winds
meet. It’s an area that becalmed sailors
have long called the doldrums, but this year
worst of the disturbed air to the south. Ev-
ery 10 minutes, on a countdown from Mike “Our strong suspicion
Holmes, one of two flight directors, techni- is that our models
cians in the rear released an instrument have major errors” in
package out through a narrow tube in the
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m

HENRY FOUNTAIN/THE NEW YORK TIMES
Leonard Miller testing an instrument package.
By HENRY FOUNTAIN
HONOLULU — A thousand miles south of Ha-
waii, the air at 45,000 feet above the equato-
rial Pacific was a shimmering gumbo of
thick storm clouds and icy cirrus haze, all
cooked up by the overheated waters below.
In a Gulfstream jet more accustomed to
hunting hurricanes in the Atlantic, re-
searchers with the National Oceanic and At-
it is anything but quiet.
This is the heart of the strongest El Niño
in a generation, one that is pumping mois-
ture and energy into the atmosphere and, as
a result, roiling weather worldwide.
The plane, with 11 people aboard includ-
ing a journalist, made its way Friday on a
long westward tack, steering clear of the
floor. Slowed by a small parachute, the de-
predicting weather.
vices, called dropsondes, fell toward the wa- RANDALL DOLE
NOAA EARTH SYSTEM
ter, transmitting wind speed and direction, RESEARCH LABORATORY
humidity and other atmospheric data back
to the plane continuously on the way down.
The information, parsed by scientists and
fed into weather models, may improve fore-
CONTINUED ON PAGE D2
D2 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 2016

Q&A When Carrots Show Their Growing Pains

Q. Why are some carrots split or
deeply cracked, and why are more
of these showing up in stores? Are
they safe to eat?
Research at Heart of El Niño
A. What agricultural experts call
growth cracks can originate dur-
ing the growth period, typically
when a period of little water in the
soil is followed by a period of too
much water.
The carrot, Daucus carota,
subspecies sativus, prefers consis-
tent moisture the whole time it is
VICTORIA ROBERTS
growing, according to the website
for the World Carrot Museum. Moisture-sensitive during growth and
storage, carrots can also crack if they dry out after harvest. Some
cultivated varieties are more susceptible to cracks than others.
Other factors that can contribute to cracking include the overuse of
certain fertilizers, high growth temperatures, heavy soil texture and
the strength of the outer layer of the root.
The periodic availability of cracked carrots could depend on supply
and demand, with dealers and consumers more likely to accept cos-
metically inferior examples when demand is strong and the crop is
small.
In developed countries, discarding ugly but edible food contributes
significantly to food waste, according to the Rockefeller Foundation’s
initiative to fight the problem.
Cracking is just one of the blemishes that can lead to rejection of
edible and nutritious carrots. A project by the photographer Tim Smyth
shows the many flaws that can be screened for by an optical sorting
device called Focus.
As to the safety of cracked carrots, common sense should be the rule,
relying on careful cleaning and judicious paring. Growth cracks can
lead to carrots’ being given lower grades under United States Depart-
ment of Agriculture standards on appearance grounds. But the depart-
ment’s threshold for “serious damage” involves defects that cannot be
removed without a loss of more than 20 percent of the carrot in ordi-
nary preparation. question@nytimes.com PHOTOGRAPHS BY KENT NISHIMURA FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

C. CLAIBORNE RAY
Observatory
A R C H A E O LO GY
Hunter-Gatherers With a Taste for Tortoise
More than 400,000 years ago,
hunter-gatherers living in what is
now Israel perked up a diet of
game and vegetables with some-
thing unusual: tortoises.
“The evidence shows they
regularly ate turtle,” said Ran
Barkai, an archaeologist at Tel
Aviv University and one of the
researchers who made the discov-
ery. “It was a sort of supplemen-
tary dish, maybe like a dessert or
an opener to dinner.”
The findings appear in the
journal Quaternary Science Re-
views.
Inside the Qesem Cave near Tel
Aviv, Dr. Barkai (pictured above
at the site) and his colleagues
discovered the remains of tortoise
shells with burns, as well as tor-
toise bones with markings left by
stone tools.
The remains suggest that the
inhabitants sometimes roasted
P SYC H O LO GY
Women’s Views on Women Who Are Ovulating
Several studies suggest that men
find women more attractive when
they are in the ovulatory phase of
their menstrual cycle.
The thesis takes a strange turn
in a new study in which women
were questioned: Each subject
was asked whether a woman in
an image was likely to entice a
man that she was dating.
Although women do not find
images of ovulatory women par-
T E C H N O LO GY
New Wearable Sensor Can Get Data From Sweat
Wearable monitors measure heart
rate, body temperature and other
health indicators. For the first
time, a flexible, wearable sensor
can collect data about multiple
chemicals in body sweat.
The device could help people
monitor conditions like dehydra-
tion and fatigue in real time, said
RINA CASTELNUOVO FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
tortoises whole over a fire and
sometimes butchered them first,
Dr. Barkai said, adding, “Some-
how they cut them with stone
knives, and most probably into
small pieces.”
Qesem Cave was discovered
accidentally during a road con-
struction project in 2000 and has
proved to be a trove of ancient
tools and fossils.
The inhabitants were hunter-
gatherers who came and went
from the cave. They hunted
mainly game animals like fallow
deer, wild horses and cattle. Evi-
dence suggests they also ate
vegetable material.
“What we know now is that
they also had turtle on the menu,”
Dr. Barkai said.
He and his colleagues are now
studying the remains of bird
bones discovered in the cave.
SINDYA N. BHANOO
ticularly attractive, scientists
found, women with higher estro-
gen levels did perceive such
images to be more threatening.
Women with high estrogen, the
researchers noted, have a high
potential for fertility. “We’re still
trying to pinpoint exactly what all
is involved in this,” said Janek S.
Lobmaier, a psychologist at the
University of Bern.
SINDYA N. BHANOO
Other researchers have been
developing sensors for sweat, but
this is the first one that breaks
down and analyzes multiple
chemicals in sweat at a molecular
level and transmits meas-
urements in real time, Dr. Javey
added.
He and his colleagues, using
CONTINUED FROM PAGE D1
casting of El Niño’s effect on weather by
helping researchers better understand
what happens here, at the starting point.
“One of the most important questions is
to resolve how well our current weather and
climate models do in representing the tropi-
cal atmosphere’s response to an El Niño,”
said Randall Dole, a senior scientist at
NOAA’s Earth System Research Laborato-
ry and one of the lead researchers on the
project. “It’s the first link in the chain.”
An El Niño forms about every two to sev-
en years, when the surface winds that
typically blow from east to west slacken. As
a result, warm water that normally pools
along the Equator in the western Pacific
piles up toward the east instead. Because of
this shift, the expanse of water — which in
this El Niño has made the central and
eastern Pacific as much as 5 degrees Fahr-
enheit hotter than usual — acts as a heat en-
gine, affecting the jet streams that blow at
high altitudes.
That, in turn, can bring more winter rain
to the lower third of the United States and
dry conditions to southern Africa, among El
Niño’s many possible effects.
Aided by vast processing power and bet-
ter data, scientists have improved the abil-
ity of their models to predict when an El
Niño will occur and how strong it will be. As
early as last June, the consensus among
forecasters using models developed by
NOAA, as well as other American and for-
eign agencies and academic institutions,
was that a strong El Niño would develop lat-
er in the year, and it did.
But scientists have been less successful
at forecasting an El Niño’s effect on
weather. This year, for instance, most
models have been less certain about what it
will mean for parched California. So far,
much of the state has received higher than
usual precipitation, but it is still unclear
whether Southern California, especially,
will be deluged as much as it was during the
last strong El Niño, in 1997-98.
Anthony Barnston, the chief forecaster at
the International Research Institute for Cli-
mate and Society at Columbia University, “Our strong suspicion is that our models Part of a satellite image of the
who has studied the accuracy of El Niño have major errors in reproducing some of area of the Pacific where
modeling, said that so-called dynamical these responses,” he said. “The only way we scientists are studying deep
models, which simulate the physics of the
can tell is by going out and doing observa- tropical convection, top. Alan S.
real world, have recently done a better job tions.” Goldstein, middle, the radar
in predicting whether an El Niño will occur monitor on a flight over the
When forecasters last year began to pre-
than statistical models, which rely on com- area, with other researchers.
dict a strong El Niño, the NOAA scientists
parisons of historical data. Above, the plane’s delivery
saw an opportunity and started making
With a dynamical model, Dr. Barnston system for instrument
plans for a rapid-response program of re-
said, data representing current conditions
is fed into the model, and off it goes. “You
search. packages, called dropsondes.
Dr. Dole estimated that it would normally
plug it in and you crank it forward in time,”
take two or three years to put together a
he said. This can be done dozens of times — A brief whooshing noise was the only in-
program they assembled in about six
or as often as money will allow — tweaking dication that a sonde had been released.
months.
the data slightly each time and averaging The cylindrical tubes, which weigh about a
the outcomes. In a way, he said, they were helped by the
pound, are simply sucked out of the plane
With any model, good data is crucial. El developing El Niño, which suppressed hur-
by the difference in pressure between the
Niño models have been helped by the devel- ricane activity in the Atlantic last fall. The
cabin and the outside air, and quickly sink
opment of satellites and networks of buoys Gulfstream flew fewer missions and the
when they hit the water about 15 minutes
that can measure sea-surface temperatures available flight hours, as well as extra drop-
later.
and other ocean characteristics. sondes, were transferred to the project.
Data starts streaming in almost immedi-
When it comes to forecasting El Niño’s In addition to the jet — which is also
ately once a dropsonde leaves the plane,
weather effects, however, good data can be equipped with Doppler radar to study wind and is displayed in real time on a few of the
harder to come by. That’s where the NOAA — the program is launching other sondes, several computer screens in the cabin, in-
research project aims to help, by studying a from a ship and a small atoll near the Equa- cluding the one manned by Richard Hen-
key process in the El Niño-weather connec- tor. A large remotely piloted aircraft from ning, the other flight director. Mr. Henning,
tion: deep tropical convection. NASA, the Global Hawk, has also been en- who like Mr. Holmes is a meteorologist,
listed to study the Pacific between Hawaii
The clouds that the NOAA jet cruised past makes sure the data is clean — with his
on Friday were a result of this process, in and the mainland. practiced eye, he can quickly tell if a sensor
which air over the warm El Niño waters The Gulfstream flight Friday was the re- has malfunctioned or the sonde has other-
searchers’ fourth so far, out of nearly two
picks up heat and moisture and rises tens of wise provided unusable data — before
thousands of feet. When the air reaches dozen planned over the next month. The sending it off in several forms, including a
day began at Honolulu International Air-
high altitudes — about the flight level of the condensed format that can be immediately
Gulfstream — the moisture condenses into port five hours before the 11:30 a.m. takeoff fed into models around the world.
droplets, releasing energy in the form of when Ryan Spackman, the other lead inves- Elsewhere in the cabin, crew members
heat and creating winds that flow outward. tigator, and NOAA colleagues sat down for a made sure all the plane’s electronics were
Scientists know that the energy released weather briefing with Dr. Dole and other running properly and monitored the Dopp-
can induce a kind of ripple in a jet stream, a scientists at the agency’s offices in Boulder, ler radar. Mr. Holmes, Dr. Spackman and
wave that as it travels along can affect Colo. the aircraft commander, Ron Moyers,
The original plan was to fly due south
weather in disparate regions around the talked from time to time about course
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CO PY R I G H T A N D P R OT E C T E D BY A P P L I C A B L E L AW

Ali Javey, an electrical engineer at
the University of California,
Berkeley, and one of the inven-
tors.
The sensor could provide an
alarm, for instance, that alerts a
patient to drink a glass of water
flexible plastic substrates, made
the prototype from a flexible
electronics board and managed to
collect information about glucose,
lactate, sodium and potassium
levels as well as body tem-
perature from test subjects.
world. And they know that the winds that
are generated can add a kick to a jet stream,
strengthening it. That’s a major reason Cali-
fornia and much of the southern United
States tend to be wetter in an El Niño; the
winds from convection strengthen the jet
stream enough that it reaches California
from Honolulu and around an area of con-
vection — a “cell” in meteorological terms
— near the Equator. But when the plane’s
three pilots arrived for their briefing sev-
eral hours later, the plan was changed out of
safety concerns. There was a risk they
would have no way to get back from the
changes designed to get closer to the con-
vection to obtain better data.
After two and a half hours of flying west,
it was time to turn to the northeast and head
back to Honolulu, still three hours away.
The pace of work slowed again, with only a
few dropsondes left to release.
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m

or take some medication. Dr.
Javey and his colleagues de-
scribed their system in the jour-
nal Nature.
“Lots of studies have shown
how and why sweat composition
changes, but it was very difficult
before to measure this on pa-
tients,” he said. “The beauty of
this is that it is a comfortable and
easy-to-wear system.”
The sensor transmits the data
to a smartphone in real time. The
researchers have filed a patent
application for the technology.
“We only looked at four differ-
ent chemicals, but sweat contains
much more useful information
that tells about what’s happening
to the body,” Dr. Javey said.
SINDYA N. BHANOO
and beyond.
But to study convection during an El
Niño, data must be collected from the at-
mosphere as well as the sea surface. That’s
a daunting task, because the convection oc-
curs in one of the most remote areas of the
planet. As a result, there has been little actu-
al data on convection during El Niño events,
Dr. Dole said, and most models, including
NOAA’s own, have had to make what
amount to educated guesses about the de-
tails of the process.
south side of the convection area without
going through a storm, and the Gulfstream,
unlike NOAA’s other hurricane-hunting
planes, cannot do that.
In the end, scientists and aviators agreed
they would fly a long leg along the north
fringe of the convection area.
The plan called for 30 dropsondes, and
the crew released a few during the long
flight down to the convection zone and then
picked up the pace as the plane headed
west.
Mr. Henning and Dr. Spackman took time
to look over some of the dropsonde data.
They saw winds coming out of the top of the
convective cell and blowing toward the
northwest. Earth’s rotation, Dr. Spackman
said, would make that wind curve to the
east, where it would no doubt join up with
the Pacific jet stream that was affecting the
West Coast.
Dr. Spackman seemed pleased despite
the change in plans. “We did a lot of good
science today,” he said.

A Battle Over Bones
Native Americans are taking
back 9,500-year-old remains,
denying scientists for now.
THE SAN DIEGO Archaeology Center holds a
pair of extraordinary skeletons. Dating
back about 9,500 years, they are among the
oldest human remains ever found in the
Americas.
A number of scientists would love to
study the bones, using powerful new tech-
niques to extract any surviving DNA.
“These skeletons of such antiquity are so
important for helping us understand what
happened in the past in North America,”
said Brian Kemp, a molecular anthropolo-
gist at Washington State University.
But for years, the remains have been out
of reach, the subject of a legal struggle that
pitted three University of California scien-
tists against their own administration and
the Kumeyaay, a group of Native American
tribes.
The skeletons were found in San Diego’s
La Jolla community in 1976 by an archaeolo-
gy class digging on land owned by the Uni-
versity of California, San Diego. In 2006, a
group of tribes laid claim to the skeletons,
and the university later agreed to transfer
custody. To block the transfer, the scientists
went to court.
After losing in lower courts, the scientists
in November asked the United States Su-
preme Court to become involved. Last
week, the court declined. That decision
swept away the last obstacle to the transfer.
“It’s hard to describe how bad I feel,” said
Robert L. Bettinger, one of the plaintiffs in
the case and a professor at the University of
California, Davis. “To have them slip
through our fingers this way is a tremen-
dous loss for science.”
Steven Banegas, spokesman for the
Kumeyaay Cultural Repatriation Commit-
tee, which claimed the skeletons, said the
tribes would meet to decide what to do with
the remains. He did not rule out that scien-
tists could study them. “These things we
need to discuss,” he said. “We want to be the
ones who tell our own story.”
At the time the skeletons were found, ar-
chaeologists were relatively free to do with
Native American remains as they saw fit.
That changed with the passage of the Na-
tive American Graves Protection and Repa-
triation Act of 1990. The law was a response
to some ugly chapters in the history of re-
search on Native Americans. Grave robbers
had plundered skeletons and sacred ob-
jects, some of which were stockpiled in mu-
seums.
The act established a legal procedure by
which Native Americans could claim cultur-
al objects and human remains kept in muse-
ums or found on public land. More than 1.4
million objects and remains of 50,000 peo-
ple have been transferred under the act, but
some cases have sparked conflicts.
In 1996, for example, hikers stumbled
across an 8,500-year-old skeleton in Kenne-
wick, Wash. Native American tribes
claimed the skeleton, intending to rebury it.
But scientists challenged their claim, and
after eight years of legal battling, they won
the opportunity to study the remains. Most
recently, geneticists retrieved enough DNA
from the Kennewick Man’s bones to recon-
struct his entire genome.
Last year, the scientists reported that he
was closely related to living Native Ameri-
cans. That finding strongly weighed against
earlier claims that Kennewick Man might
Meet 2 Beavers That Will Never Meet
A math museum’s exhibit
gives visitors a chance to learn
the concept of Truchet tiles.
By KENNETH CHANG
The latest exhibit at the National Museum
of Mathematics in Manhattan was sup-
posed to have been put on display last fall,
except it was not quite working.
It’s called Beaver Run, but the way things
were going, Beaver Derailment would have
been more accurate.
“We could have opened it, and it would
have been unsatisfactory,” said Cindy
Lawrence, the executive director of the mu-
seum, popularly known as MoMath.
So the museum decided to gnaw at the
problem a while longer.
The concept is straightforward. Two me-
chanical beavers move along winding
tracks, which visitors can reconfigure using
a panel of 24 knobs. Each twist of a knob
causes a corresponding turntable to pivot
90 degrees, and that switches the connec-
tions between segments of track.
One of the mathematical truisms under-
lying Beaver Run is that never shall the two
beavers meet.
“That is a fact,” said Glen Whitney, Mo-
Math’s founder and president. “No matter
how I turn this sequence of knobs — and it
seems as though I have complete power to
reconfigure these tracks, make the beavers
go wherever I want them to — nevertheless,
I will never be able to make the beavers
meet each other.”
That truism is subject to a few conditions.
For one, the two beavers cannot be placed
on the tracks so they just run into each
other. Another restriction is that one cannot
turn a turntable while a beaver is on it, thus
depriving visitors the glee of sending the
animals careening off the tracks across the
miniature swamp and forest landscape. Fi-
nally, the two beavers have to trundle at the
same speed, in synchrony from turntable to
turntable.
“The important thing that you need to
know is that when Beaver 1 is passing a
junction, Beaver 2 is passing some other
junction somewhere else on the board, si-
multaneously,” Mr. Whitney said.
THE NEW YORK TIMES, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 2016
MATTER CARL ZIMMER
JAN AUSTIN/SANTA MONICA COLLEGE
Adult male and female be related to Polynesians or even Euro-
skeletons buried together were peans.
excavated from the La Jolla Ancient skeletons like Kennewick Man
community of San Diego in and the La Jolla remains can offer clues to
1976. Native American tribes how humans spread across the Americas.
won the right to take the Researchers generally agree that people
remains back from the San moved from Asia over the Bering Land
Diego Archaeology Center. Bridge roughly 15,000 years ago.
How they spread from there is still the
subject of fierce debate. Did they move
down through the center of North America?
“To have them slip Did their route hug the coast? The La Jolla
through our fingers this remains, excavated from a cliff overlooking
way is a tremendous loss the Pacific, could offer some clarity.
for science.” The Kumeyaay Cultural Repatriation
Committee, representing 12 bands of Native
ROBERT L. BETTINGER
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, Americans in Southern California, filed a
DAVIS claim for the La Jolla remains in 2006.
To determine what connection the re-
mains might have to its people, the commit-
tee asked Arion Mayes, a San Diego State
anthropologist who had worked on
Kumeyaay skeletons, to conduct an exami-
nation, on the condition that she not destroy
any of the material. “It was a great honor,”
Dr. Mayes said.
Dr. Mayes found clues about what the two
people had been like in life. One was a man
who died in his mid- to late 20s. He had a
strong right arm that he may have built up
through the use of a spear thrower. The
other, a woman in her late 30s or early 40s,
had teeth that showed signs of having been
worn down by stripping fibers for making
baskets.
“She used her teeth as tools,” Dr. Mayes
said.
The University of California, for its part,
appointed a committee of professors to
evaluate the tribes’ claim. In 2008, they con-
cluded that the skeletons were “culturally
CHRISTIAN HANSEN FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
That was the tricky part. The internal lo- At the Beaver Run exhibit at
comotion of the beavers comes from identi- the National Museum of
cal electric motors from model railroad Mathematics in Manhattan,
trains, but they did not run at exactly the visitors can reconfigure the
same speed. tracks by turning knobs,
First, the exhibit makers attempted a changing the beavers’ paths.
crude fix. Sensors next to the tracks note
the positions of the beavers, and when one
got too far ahead, the software cut off power
“We want to get people
to that beaver, bringing it to a jolting stop for
a moment until the other caught up. curious about why the
That, said Geva Patz, a museum volun- beavers are not meeting
and hopefully get a
teer who was finally able to make Beaver
Run run, “doesn’t fit very well with the no-
glimpse into the reason
tion of busy beaver — knocking off for a tea
break every 20 seconds.” why mathematicians are
interested in doing
It was also not a very good solution. The
jerky stops and starts also sometimes proofs and the power
partly derailed the beavers, severing the those proofs provide.”
electrical connection.
GLEN WHITNEY
The museum staff knew the program- NATIONAL MUSEUM
ming and tinkering expertise of Mr. Patz, a OF MATHEMATICS
founder of Android Alpha, an options trad-
ing financial firm, and asked him to take a
look.
“It became clear, after lots of testing, we
needed something more sophisticated,” Mr.
Patz said.
Mr. Patz’s fix was to add brains to the
beavers — small computer chips with Wi-Fi
modules. Now, the exhibit sends instruc-
tions to the beavers to speed up and slow
unidentifiable.” The grave contained no ob-
jects that might have established a cultural
link, and the committee found no compel-
ling evidence that these were ancient rela-
tives of the Kumeyaay people.
Even so, Dr. Bettinger, a member of the
committee, said in an interview that he
grew concerned that the university would
rush a transfer of the skeletons, and that the
Kumeyaay would deny access.
So in 2010, he asked the university for per-
mission to study the remains. So did Mar-
garet J. Schoeninger, an anthropologist at
the University of California, San Diego, and
Tim D. White of the University of California,
Berkeley. Dr. Schoeninger was denied, and
Dr. Bettinger and Dr. White say they never
received a response.
Instead, the University of California an-
nounced that in 2011, the skeletons would be
given to the La Posta Band, one of the
Kumeyaay bands. Drs. Bettinger,
Schoeninger and White sued to stop the
transfer, arguing that the university had not
made an adequate finding about the
skeletons.
Dr. Kemp of Washington State, who filed
an amicus brief on behalf of the scientists,
said the university had failed to meet the re-
quirements of the repatriation act. “The law
hasn’t been followed,” he said.
But the court arguments didn’t directly
address the university’s actions or the sci-
entific importance of the skeletons. The
University of California argued that the
Kumeyaay bands had to be joined in the
suit. Because the bands had tribal immuni-
ty, the university argued, the scientists
couldn’t sue them.
A district court agreed and dismissed the
suit. In 2014, the United States Court of Ap-
peals for the Ninth Circuit also ruled against
the scientists.
In November, the scientists petitioned
the Supreme Court to send the case back to
the circuit court to consider whether tribal
immunity can be invoked in claims arising
under the repatriation act. The court re-
jected the petition with no explanation.
“It’s a tragedy and a disgrace — a tragedy
for science, and a disgrace for the court,”
said James McManis, a lawyer for the plain-
tiffs.
Mr. McManis said the decision could
leave researchers at a disadvantage be-
cause tribes will be able to claim immunity
in disputes over remains.
The Supreme Court’s denial marks the
end of the road for the scientists. The task
now, said Dorothy Alther, the lawyer for the
Kumeyaay, is “to contact the university and
see what the next steps are for repatria-
tion.”
Kate Moser, a spokeswoman for the Uni-
versity of California, said by email, “We be-
lieve the university process has achieved a
decision that is in accordance with both the
law and our commitment to the respectful
handling of human remains and associated
artifacts.”
Dr. Mayes said she hoped that scientists
and Native Americans would find more con-
structive ways to resolve such conflicts.
“When you end up in the courts, things get
volatile and the conversation gets lost,” she
said. “Only by having mutual respect will
we have a positive situation in the future.”
While some tribes have rejected ancient
DNA studies, others have decided to go for-
ward with them. Mr. Banegas wouldn’t rule
out that possibility for the La Jolla remains
once they come into Kumeyaay custody.
“That’s not off the table,” he said. “I would-
n’t want anyone to think we’re closed off.”
down, almost imperceptibly, to stay syn-
chronized, and they derail less often.
On Saturday, the exhibit was unveiled for
all museum visitors to play with.
The exhibit grew out of brainstorming
about Truchet tiles, named after Sébastien
Truchet, a French Dominican priest who de-
scribed them in 1704. The tiles are decorated
with simple patterns that are not rotation-
ally symmetric.
The Beaver Run exhibit is based on
Truchet tiles popularized in 1987 by Cyril
Stanley Smith, a scientist at Massachusetts
Institute of Technology. On each tile, two
quarter-circles connect midpoints of adja-
cent sides.
Timothy Nissen, the museum’s chief de-
signer, thought of turning the quarter-cir-
cles into train tracks. “I thought, ‘Well, what
if we had trains moving on a Truchet tile?’”
he said. “Wouldn’t kids love that? And you
could rearrange them remotely. And so I
thought that would be sort of a cool idea.”
In the exhibit, the tiles can be rotated to
produce 18 small circles. It is also possible to
form one large loop.
Mr. Whitney, also a model train enthusi-
ast, liked the idea, and he remembered the
mathematical proof that would allow two
trains to run on the tracks and never crash.
With some effort, Ms. Lawrence per-
suaded Mr. Nissen and Mr. Whitney to use
beavers. “I had a very strong sense that
trains might appeal more to boys than
girls,” she said. “We thought little beavers,
little animals, are more universally appeal-
ing.”
That is all part of the museum’s mission to
convey the magic of math to everyone.
Since the museum opened in 2012, 465,000
visitors have passed through its doors on
East 26th Street. “We want to get people cu-
rious about why the beavers are not meet-
ing and hopefully get a glimpse into the rea-
son why mathematicians are interested in
doing proofs and the power those proofs
provide,” Mr. Whitney said.
Those intrigued by Truchet tiles can find
more at the museum.
“If you venture into one of our bathrooms
and look at one of the tile walls, you will see
another Truchet tiling,” Ms. Lawrence said.
“If you look really carefully, you will see a
hidden message.”
N D3
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AND ONLINE COMMENTS
.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
GERIATRICS
It Takes a Team
TO THE EDITOR:
Re “A Hole in Health Care” (Jan. 26):
I am a senior faculty physician at
Oregon Health and Science Univer-
sity and know very, very well the
geriatricians described in your arti-
cle. In fact I take pride in my role in
their training. They are wonderful,
and their program is stunning. I want
to bring to your attention a theme
that was not included in the article
but is central to the program: the
team. There are myriad health care
professionals who are as engaged as
the physicians in the operation of the
program. It is through the team that
the program succeeds; i.e., their
unique training, their commitment,
their communication and their mutu-
al respect. They include doctors of
nurse practice, registered nurses,
nurse practitioners, medical
assistants, licensed vocational nurses,
social workers, administrative per-
sonnel and many others. My most
sincere congratulations to the team,
those interprofessional individuals
who together make this service func-
tion very well.
DONALD E. GIRARD, M.D.
PORTLAND, ORE.
.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Science Times welcomes letters, com-
ments on nytimes.com and social media
posts from readers. Email should be sent
to scitimes@nytimes.com.
TAKE A NUMBER
0.6
Escalating homicide rates in Mexico
are affecting the country’s average
life expectancy.
According to research published in
the journal Health Affairs, the life
expectancy for Mexican men aged 15
to 50 fell by 0.6 percent from 2005 to
2010.
“In most countries, homicides do
commonly occur, particularly among
young people,” said Hiram Beltrán-
Sánchez, a professor of public health
at the University of California, Los
Angeles, and the lead author of the
study. “What is unusual, though, is for
homicides to have such a large im-
pact at the national level.”
In 2005, Mexico’s murder rate was
9.5 per 100,000 people, but by 2010,
that figure had more than doubled, to
22 per 100,000. That shift coincides
with the beginning of a new national
security strategy in 2006, which
aimed to dismantle criminal organiza-
tions, Dr. Beltrán-Sánchez said.
“We suspect that the rise in homi-
cides has to do with those policies,
which we hope will be discontinued.”
As in most countries around the
world, improvements in health care,
living standards and nutrition had
increased life expectancy in Mexico,
which rose by four to five years per
decade from 1940 to 2000. Had that
pattern held, Mexican men, whose life
expectancy at birth was about 72
years in 2000, should have averaged
76 or 77 years in 2010.
Instead, Dr. Beltrán-Sánchez and
his colleagues found that life ex-
pectancy had held steady over that
time. For women during the same
period, life expectancy increased by
less than a year — from about 77 to 78
years — rather than the 5.5 years
seen in past decades.
According to Dr. Beltrán-Sánchez’s
analysis, life expectancy seemed to
be on the rise from 2000 to 2005, but
from 2005 to 2010, many states, espe-
cially those at the center of the drug
war, had a drastic reversal.
The average life expectancy for
men in the states of Chihuahua, Sina-
loa and Durango, for example, fell by
three years over those five years.
Chihuahua averaged more than 20
deaths per 1,000 males under age 75.
The life expectancy among women
in those states was also affected,
falling by three to six months.
Because of the surplus of missing-
person reports in Mexico, Dr. Beltrán-
Sánchez and his colleagues consider
their results a conservative estimate
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CO PY R I G H T A N D P R OT E C T E D BY A P P L I C A B L E L AW
of homicide’s true effect on life ex-
pectancy.
“We don’t know if missing individu-
als are already dead or still alive,” Dr.
Beltrán-Sánchez said. “So what we’re
finding, although dramatic, is not as
bad as it could actually be.”
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m
Dr. Beltrán-Sánchez suspects that
even sharper trends are playing out
in other nations where homicide rates
have recently shot up, including El
Salvador and Honduras.
“Our next step is to try to get our
hands on data from other Central
American countries,” he said. “Get-
ting reliable data that actually reflect
what’s going on is always the issue.”
RACHEL NUWER
D4 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 2016
Ask Well
Is there a link between
getting a good night’s
sleep and the ability to
ward off winter ailments
like bronchitis, colds and
pneumonia?
There is plenty of evidence
linking poor sleep to chronic
diseases like diabetes and heart
disease, but remarkably few
good clinical trials have looked
at whether sleep is a bulwark
against respiratory infections.
One such study, published last
September in the journal Sleep,
reported that adults who slept
less than five or six hours a night
were four times more likely to
catch a cold than those who slept
at least seven hours.
The trial was one of the first to
objectively measure the amount
of sleep volunteers got before
they were deliberately exposed
to the common cold through
nasal drops containing the cold
virus. A clinical trial in 2009 that
relied on participants’ own ac-
counts of their sleep habits also
found sleep protective against
the common cold. In that trial,
volunteers who reported sleep-
ing fewer than seven hours a
night were nearly three times
more likely to catch a cold after
exposure than those who slept
eight hours or more.
An observational study from
2012 of nearly 60,000 women in
the Nurses Health Study II also
suggested sleep patterns may
affect pneumonia risk. It found
that women who slept five hours
In Brief N ICHO LA S BA KA LA R
C H I L DB I R T H
Depression and Preterm Birth
Having a mother or
father who is de-
pressed increases the
risk of preterm birth, a
new study has found.
Swedish researchers used data
on 366,499 singleton births and
assessed whether parents had
been given a diagnosis of depres-
sion or filled a prescription for
antidepressant drugs between a
year before conception and the
end of the second trimester.
Among mothers, a “new” diag-
nosis of depression, defined as
getting a depression diagnosis
after a year without one, was
associated with a 34 percent
increased risk of moderately
preterm birth (32 to 36 weeks’
gestation). Recurrent maternal
depression was associated with a
42 percent increased risk.
Recurrent paternal depression
PAT T ER N S
Recurring Malpractice Suits
One percent of all
doctors account for 32
percent of all paid
malpractice claims,
and the more often a doctor is
sued, the more likely it is he or
she will be sued again.
Researchers analyzed 10 years
of paid malpractice claims using
the National Practitioner Data
Bank, a federal government data-
base that includes 66,426 claims
against 54,099 doctors. The study
is in The New England Journal of
Medicine.
A doctor who had two paid
claims was twice as likely to have
another as a doctor who had one,
and a doctor who had six or more
paid claims was 12 times as likely
to have another.
Neurosurgeons and orthopedic
surgeons were about twice as
R I SKS
Coffee and Irregular Heartbeats
People with irregular
heartbeats are often
advised to give up
caffeine, but a new
study suggests they may not have
to forgo coffee.
Researchers had 1,388 people
record their intake of coffee, tea
and chocolate for a year, and used
Holter monitors to get 24-hour
electrocardiograms.
More than 60 percent of the
participants reported consuming
one or more caffeine-containing
foods daily. But the electrocardio-
grams revealed no differences in
premature beats or episodes of
accelerated heart rate between
caffeine users and abstainers. The
study is in The Journal of the
American Heart Association.
or less were more likely to de-
velop pneumonia. Oddly enough,
those who slept nine hours or
more were also at higher risk. Dr.
Sanjay Patel, the study’s author,
suggested that the women who
slept excessively may have suf-
fered from poor quality sleep. It is
also possible that being in the
sleep position for an extended
time increases susceptibility to
pneumonia, since bacteria that
colonize the nose and throat may
drip into the lungs, he said. Sleep
scientists were not aware of any
studies examining the role of
sleep in bronchitis.
Scientists are uncertain how
sleep might help fight infections,
but sleep is known to play a role
in the regulation of the immune
system. Studies suggest that
sleep deprivation, for example,
may lead to a weaker antibody
response to vaccination, Dr. Patel
said. Insufficient sleep “seems to
reduce the functioning of cells like
natural killer cells and lympho-
cytes that are important in giving
you an immune response.”
RONI CARYN RABIN
ISTOCK
was not associated with preterm
birth. But new paternal depres-
sion increased the risk for moder-
ately preterm birth slightly and
the risk for very preterm birth (22
to 31 weeks’ gestation) by 38
percent. The study, in BJOG,
controlled for maternal depres-
sion, parents’ age, smoking and
other factors.
“The message — and it might
be self-evident — is that fathers
are also important,” said the
senior author, Dr. Anders Hjern,
an epidemiologist at the Karolin-
ska Institute. “Having a mentally
healthy and supportive father
who can provide a favorable
environment for his partner is
also good for the baby. And ma-
ternity care interventions should
also include the father. Sometimes
the father is forgotten.”
likely to have a paid claim as
internists, while pediatricians
were 30 percent less likely to
have one.
After controlling for the num-
ber of years in practice, doctors
under 35 were one-third as likely
to have a recurrence as older
colleagues, and men had a 38
percent higher risk of recurrence
than women.
“Ninety-four percent of all
doctors have no claims,” said the
lead author, David M. Studdert, a
professor of law and medicine at
Stanford. “But doctors who accu-
mulate multiple claims are a
problem, and a threat to the
health care system. Identifying
these high-risk doctors is a key
first step toward doing something
about the problem.”
“There’s no clear evidence that
drinking more caffeine increases
the risk for early beats,” said the
senior author, Dr. Gregory M.
Marcus, an associate professor of
medicine at the University of
California, San Francisco. Other
studies suggest caffeine may even
be linked to decreased rates of
cardiovascular problems.
“I tell patients that it is very
likely that for some people, caf-
feine is an important trigger” of
irregular heartbeats, Dr. Marcus
said. “I generally tell them that
it’s fine for them to experiment
and weigh the pros and cons of
caffeine to see how it influences
their quality of life. The majority
of arrhythmias are not life
threatening.”
Well
Exercise to Avoid Back Pain
Shoe orthotics and back belts
were almost completely
ineffective, a review found.
LOWER BACK pain is an almost universal, if
unwelcome, experience. About 80 percent
of those of us in the Western world can ex-
pect to suffer from disruptive lower back
pain at some point in our lives. But if we be-
gin and stick with the right type of exercise
program, we might avoid a recurrence, ac-
cording to a comprehensive new scientific
review of back pain prevention.
Lower back pain develops for many rea-
sons, including lifestyle, genetics,
ergonomics, sports injuries, snow shoveling
or just bad luck. Most often, in fact, the un-
derlying cause is unknown.
For most people, a first episode of back
pain will go away within a week or so.
However, back pain recurs with distress-
ing frequency. By most estimates about 75
percent of people who have had one debili-
tating episode of lower back pain will have
another within a year.
These repeated bouts can set off what
doctors and researchers call a “spiral of de-
cline,” in which someone takes to his or her
couch because of the pain; this inactivity
weakens muscles and joints; the person’s
now-feebler back and core become less able
to sustain the same level of activity as be-
fore and succumb when he or she tries to
return to normal life, leading to more pain
and more inactivity; and the spiral acceler-
ates.
This scenario obviously makes prevent-
ing back pain, especially in someone who al-
ready has undergone at least one episode,
extremely desirable. But until now, few
studies have systematically examined what
really works against repeated back pain
and what doesn’t.
So for the new review, which was pub-
lished in JAMA Internal Medicine, re-
searchers affiliated with the George Insti-
tute for Global Health at the University of
Sydney in Australia and other institutions
set out to gather and analyze as many rele-
vant studies as possible.
There were surprising few high-quality
Diabetes Meets Bulimia
‘Diabulimia’ patients
manipulate insulin levels in
order to purge calories.
By RONI CARYN RABIN
The first time she skipped an insulin dose,
the 22-year-old said, it wasn’t planned. She
was visiting her grandparents over a sum-
mer break from college and indulged in
bags of potato chips and fistfuls of candy,
but forgot to take the extra insulin that peo-
ple with Type 1 diabetes, like her, require to
keep their blood sugar levels in a normal
range.
She was already underweight after
months of extreme dieting, but when she
stepped on the scale the next day, she saw
she had dropped several pounds overnight.
“I put two and two together,” said the young
woman, who lives in Boston and wished to
remain anonymous.
She soon developed a dangerous habit
that she used to drive her weight down: She
would binge, often consuming an entire pint
of Ben & Jerry’s peanut butter cup ice
cream, and then would deliberately skip the
insulin supplements she needed.
People with Type 1 diabetes, who don’t
produce their own insulin, require
continuous treatments with the hormone in
order to get glucose from the bloodstream
into the cells. When they skip or restrict
their insulin, either by failing to take shots
or manipulating an insulin pump, it causes
sugars — and calories — to spill into the
urine, causing rapid weight loss.
But the consequences can be fatal. “I
knew I was playing with fire, but I wasn’t
thinking about my life, just my weight,” said
the young woman, who was treated at The
Renfrew Center of Boston, which special-
izes in treating eating disorders, and is in
recovery. “I got used to my blood sugars
PHYS ED GRETCHEN REYNOLDS
GETTY IMAGES
studies, meaning those that had random-
ized participants to be treated or not. But af-
ter scouring through more than 6,000 stud-
ies about back-pain prevention, the re-
searchers settled on 23 that they felt were
methodologically robust. These studies had
examined, in total, more than 30,000
participants with back pain.
The prevention techniques under review
included education about lifestyle changes,
shoe orthotics, back belts, various types of
exercise programs, and exercise programs
that also included some type of education
about back-pain prevention.
For the purposes of the review, a success-
ful prevention program was defined as one
that had kept someone from reporting an-
other bout of back pain within a year or
longer or that had staved off lost work time
because of back problems.
Such success, as it turned out, was dis-
couragingly limited. Educational efforts
alone showed essentially zero ability to pre-
vent a recurrence of back pain, the re-
searchers found. Back belts and orthotics
likewise were almost completely ineffec-
tive, leaving people who employed either of
those methods very prone to experiencing
more back pain within a year.
But exercise programs, either with or
without additional educational elements,
LUBA LUKOVA
running high all the time. I would get so
nauseous I would throw up, which I knew
was a serious sign that I should go to the
hospital. It was very scary.”
The eating disorder the young woman de-
veloped is unique to people with Type 1 dia-
betes and has been called diabulimia,
though it is not a recognized medical condi-
tion. (People with Type 2 diabetes who take
insulin do not have the same rapid response
to insulin restriction.) It occurs when pa-
tients manipulate their insulin in order to
purge calories, much as someone with bu-
limia might induce vomiting to lose weight.
Insulin restriction can lead to diabetic ke-
toacidosis, a potentially fatal condition that
develops when the body lacks insulin and
starts to break down fat, producing ketones
that can poison the body. It also increases
the risk of serious long-term complications
of diabetes, including kidney disease, blind-
ness, nerve damage, amputations and heart
disease.
“It’s a Faustian bargain,” said Dr. Henry
Cheng, the Northeast regional medical di-
rector for The Renfrew Center.
Young women with Type 1 diabetes,
which is often diagnosed in the pre-teenage
years, when girls may be preoccupied with
weight and body image, are at 2.4 times the
risk of developing an eating disorder com-
pared with young women without diabetes,
research suggests. Weight loss is often the
first symptom of Type 1 diabetes, but once
the condition is diagnosed and patients
start insulin treatment, they tend to gain
weight.
The combination of Type 1 diabetes and
an eating disorder is “very dangerous,” said
Ann Goebel-Fabbri, a psychologist in
Brookline, Mass., who specializes in treat-
ing people with diabetes who have eating
disorders. “Anorexia is the most lethal psy-
chiatric diagnosis that exists, and the risk of
proved to be potent preventatives, the re-
searchers found.
In fact, “the size of the protective effect”
from exercise “was quite large,” said Chris
Maher, a professor at the George Institute,
who oversaw the new review. “Exercise
combined with education reduced the risk
of an episode of low back pain in the next
year by 45 percent. In other words, it almost
halved the risk.”
Interestingly, the type of exercise pro-
gram didn’t matter. In some of the
experiments that Dr. Maher and his col-
leagues reviewed, the regimens focused
solely on strengthening muscles in the core
and back. In others, the training was more
general, combining aerobic conditioning
with strength and balance training. Most
asked participants to complete two or three
supervised sessions every week, typically
for about two months, although some lasted
longer. A few included education programs
as well.
The end result was that if someone with a
history of back pain exercised in a regular
way, he or she was considerably less likely
to be felled by more back pain within a year.
However, the protective effects typically
wore off after that, with recurrences rising
after 12 months, probably because many of
the people who had been involved in the
studies stopped exercising, Dr. Maher said,
and their back problems returned.
Based on the currently available evi-
dence, he said, it’s still impossible to know
whether exercise improves back health in
the long-term, or if one type of exercise pro-
gram is measurably better than others. He
and his colleagues hope to mount studies
comparing different routines head-to-head
and following people for several years.
But for now, he said, “of all the options
currently available to prevent back pain,
exercise is really the only one with any evi-
dence that it works.”
If you are curious about the particulars of
an effective back-exercise program, Dr.
Maher points to one example, a full regimen
of exercises from a 1991 study in the journal
Physical Therapy, one of the studies includ-
ed in the new analysis. Its suggested work-
out soundtrack of 1990s Swedish pop tunes
is, however, optional.
mortality is so much more heightened when
Type 1 diabetes is added.”
Research suggests insulin manipulation
is not uncommon. A recent study in Ger-
many found that among patients ages 11 to
21 who were being treated with insulin for
Type 1 diabetes, one in three girls and one in
six boys had reported either disordered eat-
ing, insulin restriction or both.
Another study from the Joslin Diabetes
Center in Boston that followed 234 adult
women with Type 1 diabetes for 11 years
found that 30 percent reported engaging in
insulin restriction behaviors. Those who re-
stricted insulin died at an average age of 45,
compared with 58 for those who didn’t re-
strict insulin.
Treatment for diabulimia is especially
challenging because approaches to manag-
ing eating disorders and diabetes are at
odds with one another, said Trish Lieber-
man, the director of nutrition at Renfrew.
“The treatment for diabetes includes very
intense focus on reading labels, counting
calories and carbohydrates, and limiting so-
dium and fat,” she said. “All these things
that are very effective for treating diabetes
are actually contraindicated for eating
disorders, where we try to take a more in-
tuitive approach, saying there aren’t good
or bad foods.”
Indeed, Dr. Goebel-Fabbri said, the me-
ticulous focus on food in diabetes “can
mimic an eating disorders mind-set.”
An added danger occurs when diabetic
patients disengage from their medical care,
she said. That’s what happened to the Bos-
ton college student, who put off going to the
doctor for months at a time, hoping the de-
lays would give her time to change her be-
havior and improve her blood glucose test
results. She was alarmingly underweight,
and her friends and family were concerned.
Last spring, with severe pain racking her
body and fearful she had damaged her kid-
neys (she had not), she finally enrolled in an
intensive five-week day treatment program
at Renfrew, followed by a slightly less inten-
sive six-week program.
“At that point, it wasn’t so much for me,”
she said. “I almost felt like if I were to die, I
would deserve it. I was thinking more of my
mom. I couldn’t do that to my mother.”
Though she still suffers from obsessive
thoughts about food, she said, “I’m in a
much better place. My weight is at a healthy
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CO PY R I G H T A N D P R OT E C T E D BY A P P L I C A B L E L AW
range. I’m more comfortable about reach-
ing out when I need help.”
Experts say both physicians and family
members should be on the lookout for eat-
ing disorders in Type 1 diabetes patients
who have repeated episodes of ketoacido-
sis, or consistently poor blood sugar control
that doesn’t improve. While eating
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m
disorders usually develop during the pre-
teen and teenage years, they may emerge
later, during college or early adulthood, in
those with Type 1 diabetes, experts say.
Once patients get help and start recover-
ing, they can regain their health and stave
off long-term complications, Dr. Goebel-
Fabbri said. “What’s so positive, and what
people need to hear, is that healing can oc-
cur, once blood sugar gets to a healthier
range.”

Pursuing the Dream of Healthy Aging
A team seeks drugs to slow
the development of the
chronic ailments of old age.
GIVEN THEIR druthers, most people would
opt for a long and healthy life. Few relish the
idea of spending years, even decades,
incapacitated by illness, dependent on care-
givers and unable to enjoy the people,
places and activities that make life worth
living.
In 1980, Dr. James F. Fries, a Stanford Uni-
versity physician who studied chronic dis-
ease and aging, proposed that a “compres-
sion of morbidity” would enable most peo-
ple to remain healthy until a certain age,
perhaps 85, then die naturally or after only
a brief illness.
Now, a group of experts on aging envi-
sions a route to realizing Dr. Fries’s pro-
posal: one or more drugs that can slow the
rate of aging and the development of the
costly, debilitating chronic ailments that
typically accompany it. If successful, not
only would their approach make healthy
longevity a reality for many more people,
but it could also save money. They say that
even a 20 percent cut in how fast people age
could save more than $7 trillion over the
next half-century in the United States alone.
“Aging is by far the best predictor of
whether people will develop a chronic dis-
ease like atherosclerotic heart disease,
stroke, cancer, dementia or osteoarthritis,”
Dr. James L. Kirkland, director of the
Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging
at the Mayo Clinic, said in an interview. “Ag-
ing way outstrips all other risk factors.”
He and fellow researchers, who call
themselves “geroscientists,” are hardly
hucksters hawking magic elixirs to extend
life. Rather, they are university scientists
joined together by the American Federation
for Aging Research to promote a new ap-
proach to healthier aging, which may — or
may not — be accompanied by a longer life.
They plan to test one or more substances
that have already been studied in animals,
and which show initial promise in people, in
hopes of finding one that will keep more of
us healthier longer.
As Dr. Kirkland wrote in a new book, “Ag-
ing: The Longevity Dividend”: “By target-
ing fundamental aging processes, it may be
possible to delay, prevent, alleviate or treat
the major age-related chronic disorders as a
group instead of one at a time.”
Heartburn Solutions, and Problems
Drugs meant to fight acid
reflux may lead to other health
problems if used too much.
MAYBE YOU have seen television ads star-
ring the beefy, affable comedian and actor
known as Larry the Cable Guy.
In his sleeveless shirt and gimme cap,
he’s driving a monster truck or streaking
along on a jet ski, pausing to chomp on a tur-
key drumstick or a barbecued rib, all the
while proclaiming his love for America and
for Prilosec OTC to fight “frequent heart-
burn.”
The caution that the drug should be taken
for no more than 14 days, and not more often
than every four months, appears briefly on-
screen. If you blink or go fetch your glasses,
you’ll miss it.
Todd Semla has noticed the ads, too, and
he’s not a fan. “I don’t see Larry the Cable
Guy saying, ‘If you take this drug often,
your kidneys may be affected or you could
break a hip,’ ” said Dr. Semla, a pharmacist
at the Feinberg School of Medicine at
Northwestern University, and past presi-
dent of the American Geriatrics Society.
Since their introduction in 1990, the drugs
collectively known as proton pump in-
hibitors (common brand names: Nexium,
Prevacid, Prilosec) have become among
the most frequently prescribed in the coun-
try; as the Cable Guy points out, they are
also available over the counter. They sup-
press stomach acid more effectively than a
previous class of drugs called H2 blockers
(Zantac, Tagamet, Pepcid).
They have also given users reason to be
wary. In recent years, scores of studies have
reported associations between prescription
P.P.I. use and an array of health problems,
including bone fractures, low magnesium
levels, kidney injuries and possibly cardio-
vascular drug interactions.
They are also linked to infections, like the
stubborn Clostridium difficile and pneumo-
nia. Reducing the acidity of the stomach, re-
searchers believe, allows bacteria to thrive
and then spread to other organs like the
lungs and intestines.
The latest findings, published last month
in JAMA Internal Medicine, point to in-
creased risk of chronic kidney disease
among users, which is particularly worri-
some.
“You can treat and hopefully cure infec-
tions,” said Dr. Adam Schoenfeld, an inter-
nal medicine resident at the University of
California, San Francisco, and an author of
an accompanying editorial on the drugs’ ad-
verse effects. “Fractures can heal, though
they can be catastrophic events for older
people. But chronic kidney disease doesn’t
THE NEW YORK TIMES, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 2016
PERSONAL HEALTH
His colleague S. Jay Olshansky, a geron-
tology specialist in the School of Public
Health at the University of Illinois at Chi-
cago, said it is often counterproductive to
treat one disease at a time. Preventing car-
diac death, for example, can leave a person
vulnerable to cancer or dementia, he ex-
plained.
A better approach, Dr. Kirkland said,
would be to target the processes fundamen-
tal to aging that underlie all age-related
chronic diseases: chronic low-grade inflam-
mation unrelated to infection; cellular deg-
radation; damage to major molecules like
DNA, proteins and sugars; and failure of
stem cells and other progenitor cells to
function properly.
The team, which includes Dr. Nir Barzilai,
director of the Institute for Aging Research
at Albert Einstein College of Medicine in the
Bronx, and Steven N. Austad, who heads
the biology department at the University of
Alabama at Birmingham, plans to study one
promising compound, a generic drug called
metformin already widely used in people
with Type 2 diabetes. They will test the drug
THE NEW OLD AGE
go away.”
The new study, by a Johns Hopkins team,
compiled years of data from two sources: a
community sample of 10,482 adults in four
communities in North Carolina, Missis-
sippi, Minnesota and Maryland (average
age: 63) and a cohort of nearly 250,000 pa-
tients in a rural Pennsylvania health care
system. Those who took prescription pro-
ton pump inhibitors were 20 percent to 50
percent more likely to develop chronic kid-
ney disease than nonusers, said the senior
author, Dr. Morgan Grams, a nephrologist
and epidemiologist at Johns Hopkins.
Like the rest of these drug studies, this
one demonstrated an association, not a di-
rect cause. But in the Pennsylvania sample,
the researchers documented a dose effect:
The risk of chronic kidney disease rose 15
percent among those taking the drug once a
day, but 46 percent in those taking it twice
daily, compared with nonusers. “That leads
us to believe there’s a causal effect,” Dr.
Grams said.
Well
JANE E. BRODY
PAUL ROGERS
in a placebo-controlled trial involving 3,000
“Our goal is to establish older people to see if it will delay the devel-
the principle of using a opment or progression of a variety of age-
drug, or two in related ailments, including heart disease,
cancer and dementia. Their job now is to
combination, to extend
raise the $50 million or so needed to conduct
health span.” the study for the five years they expect it
DR. NIR BARZILAI will take to determine whether the concept
ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF
MEDICINE has merit.
The project represents a radical depar-
ture from drug studies that test treatments
for single diseases. However, the group,
spearheaded by Dr. Barzilai, said the Food
and Drug Administration has endorsed its
idea of testing a single substance for effec-
tiveness against a range of ailments.
“If metformin turns out not to work, there
are several other substances in the pipeline
that could be tried,” Dr. Barzilai said. “Un-
der the auspices of the National Institute on
Aging, three research centers have tested
16 substances in different animal models
and got incredible results with four of
them.”
Green tea, one of those tested, bestowed
no health or life span benefits, despite its
PAULA SPAN
JOYCE HESSELBERTH
Relative risk statistics sometimes seem
“I don’t see Larry the to exaggerate the dangers of a drug or an
Cable Guy saying, ‘If illness, if they were low to begin with. But
you take this drug often, “kidney disease is quite common, particu-
your kidneys may be larly among older adults,” Dr. Grams
pointed out. And the P.P.I.-using population
affected or you could is vast, she added. “When you have 15 mil-
break a hip.’” lion people using these drugs, even rela-
TODD SEMLA tively rare adverse effects can affect a lot of
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
people.”
Older people should probably pay special
heed. They are more likely to have reflux,
Dr. Semla said, in part because the muscle
that prevents stomach acid from rising into
the esophagus weakens with age. Older
adults are therefore more likely to take
these drugs, and also more vulnerable to
the diseases and disorders associated with
them, especially with long-term use.
All of this led an American Geriatrics So-
ciety panel last year to add proton pump in-
hibitors to the list called the Beers Criteria
for Potentially Inappropriate Medication
Use in Older Adults, citing the risk of bone
N D5
popularity. But the drug rapamycin, an im-
mune modulator used following organ
transplants, was most effective among
those tested, Dr. Barzilai said.
The team is starting with metformin be-
cause it is a cheap oral drug — costing about
two cents a pill — with six decades of safe
use in people throughout the world. Among
those with Type 2 diabetes who have taken
it for years, there is evidence suggesting
that, in addition to diabetes, it protects
against cardiovascular disease, cancer and
possibly cognitive impairment, Dr. Kirk-
land said, adding that “it targets the funda-
mental processes of aging, which tend to be
linked.”
Dr. Barzilai said, “Our goal is to establish
the principle of using a drug, or two in com-
bination, to extend health span. The best we
can expect from metformin is two or three
additional years of healthy aging. But the
next generation of drugs will be much more
potent.”
Dr. Barzilai is already conducting a com-
plementary study of centenarians, the re-
sults of which could identify more drugs to
delay age-related diseases. He and col-
leagues are isolating genes that appear to
keep these long-lived men and women
healthy for 20 to 30 years longer than other
people and shorten the length of illness at
life’s end. Several studies have already
found that individuals with exceptional lon-
gevity spend a smaller percentage of their
life being ill, Dr. Barzilai and his colleague
Dr. Sofiya Milman wrote in the “Aging”
book.
By analyzing the action of genes that ex-
tend health span, “it should be possible to
devise drugs that mimic the genes’ effects,”
he said. Two such gene-based drugs that
show early promise against age-related dis-
eases are already being tested.
But until definitive studies are completed
and substances are shown to be safe as well
as effective in prolonging health, Dr. Ol-
shansky cautioned against dosing oneself
prematurely with widely touted substances
like resveratrol or growth hormone.
Consumers must exercise caution, he
warned, because “there’s an entire industry
out there trying to market the products
we’re testing before they are adequately
evaluated.”
He also emphasized that taking a drug
found to ward off age-related ills is not a li-
cense to abandon a healthy lifestyle. Doing
so “could completely negate the benefit of a
compound that slows aging,” he said.
loss and fractures and C. diff infection.
The Food and Drug Administration has
also issued several safety announcements
about these drugs’ association with C. diff,
fracture risk and low magnesium, linked to
kidney disease and other ailments.
So you’d think use of proton pump in-
hibitors would be declining. It’s not.
“Despite this information, those drugs
are extremely overprescribed,” Dr. Schoen-
feld said.
From 1999 to 2002, 9 percent of people
ages 55 to 64 reported using a prescription
gastric reflux drug (including non-P.P.I.s) in
the previous 30 days, the Centers for Dis-
ease Control and Prevention has reported.
Ten years later, the proportion had risen
to 16 percent. Among prescription medica-
tions, only cardiac and cholesterol drugs
were more commonly used by adults ages
55 to 64.
Proton pump inhibitors can be crucial
medications, doctors hasten to point out, for
those with peptic ulcers or for intensive
care patients, among others. They’re also
the most effective option for severe reflux.
But whether over the counter or prescribed
(prescriptions can involve higher doses),
they are usually recommended for short-
term use.
Yet “there are definitely older people
who’ve been on these for 10 or 20 years,” Dr.
Schoenfeld said. Perhaps the medication
was prescribed during a hospital stay, then
never discontinued. Or a patient took a non-
prescription version for a bout of indiges-
tion, felt better and therefore kept taking it,
though the initial problem may have long
ago disappeared. Doctors, too, often fail to
question extended use, Dr. Schoenfeld said.
Regularly reviewing all medications, pre-
scription and over the counter, at office
visits might help reduce this overuse. Dr.
Schoenfeld recommends tapering off a pro-
ton pump inhibitor to see if it’s still needed,
or switching to one of the less potent H2
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blockers, which don’t appear to entail the
same risks.
Better yet, nonpharmacological ap-
proaches can often reduce heartburn and
other reflux-related problems. Losing
weight helps; so does limiting certain medi-
cations, like aspirin. Dr. Semla suggests
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m
raising the head of your bed so stomach acid
has a harder time climbing.
Moreover, “if people eat a lot of fatty,
greasy foods or drink a lot of alcohol or caf-
feine, those are all triggers for heartburn,”
Dr. Schoenfeld said. It probably also helps
— “people are going to hate me” — to cut
back on chocolate.
“With time or with dietary changes,” he
said, “a lot of these symptoms would go
away on their own.”
Listen up, Cable Guy.
D6 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 2016

New Vision for Dreams of the Dying

CONTINUED FROM PAGE D1
your boys were in the car?” asked Dr. Chris-
topher W. Kerr, a Hospice Buffalo palliative
care physician who researches the thera-
peutic role of patients’ end-of-life dreams
and visions.
“My sons are the greatest accomplish-
ment of my life,” Mr. Majors said.
He died three weeks later.
For thousands of years, the dreams and
visions of the dying have captivated cul-
tures, which imbued them with sacred im-
port. Anthropologists, theologians and soci-
ologists have studied these so-called death-
bed phenomena. They appear in medieval
writings and Renaissance paintings, in
Shakespearean works and set pieces from
19th-century American and British novels,
particularly by Dickens. One of the most fa-
mous moments in film is the mysterious
deathbed murmur in “Citizen Kane”:
“Rosebud!”
Even the law reveres a dying person’s fi-
nal words, allowing them to be admitted as
evidence in an unusual exception to
hearsay rules.
In the modern medical world, such expe-
riences have been noted by psychologists,
social workers and nurses. But doctors tend
to give them a wide berth because “we don’t
know what the hell they are,” said Dr. Timo-
thy E. Quill, an expert on palliative care
medicine at the University of Rochester
Medical Center. Some researchers have
surmised that patients and doctors avoid
reporting these phenomena for fear of
ridicule.
Now a team of clinicians and researchers
led by Dr. Kerr at Hospice Buffalo, an in-
ternist who has a doctorate in neurobiology,
are seeking to demystify these experiences
and understand their role and importance
in supporting “a good death” — for the pa-
tient and the bereaved.
These events are distinct from “near-
death experiences,” such as those recalled
by people revived in intensive care units,
said Pei C. Grant, the director of the re-
search team. “These are people on a jour-
ney towards death, not people who just
missed it.”
Hospice Buffalo, in Cheektowaga, N.Y.,
cares for 5,000 patients a year, mostly with
visits to private homes and nursing facili-
ties. After doctors, nurses, social workers or
chaplains ask patients, “How have you been
sleeping?” they often follow up with, “Can
you recall any dreams?”
Mainly Comforting Visions
I was laying in bed and people were walk-
ing very slowly by me. The right-hand side I
didn’t know, but they were all very friendly
and they touched my arm and my hand as
they went by. But the other side were people
that I knew — my mom and dad were there,
my uncle. Everybody I knew that was dead
was there. The only thing was, my husband
wasn’t there, nor was my dog, and I knew
that I would be seeing them. — Jeanne
Faber, 75, months before her death from
ovarian cancer.
For their primary study, published in The
Journal of Palliative Medicine, the re-
searchers conducted multiple interviews
with 59 terminally ill patients admitted to
acute care at Hospice Buffalo, a facility fur-
nished in warm woods, with windows that
frame views of fountains, gazebos and gar-
dens. Nearly all the patients reported hav-
ing had dreams or visions. They described
the majority of their dreams as comforting.
About one in every five was associated with
distress, and the remainder felt neutral.
The dreams and visions loosely sorted
into categories: opportunities to engage
with the deceased; loved ones “waiting;”
unfinished business. Themes of love, given
or withheld, coursed through the dreams,
as did the need for resolution and even for-
giveness. In their dreams, patients were
reassured that they had been good parents,
children and workers. They packed boxes,
preparing for journeys, and, like Mr. Ma-
jors, often traveled with dear companions
as guides. Although many patients said
they rarely remembered their dreams,
these they could not forget.
¶A 76-year-old patient said he dreamed of
his mother, who died when he was a child.
He could smell her perfume and hear her
soothing voice saying, “I love you.”
¶An older woman cradled an invisible in-
fant as she lay in bed. (Her husband told re-
searchers it was the couple’s first child, who
had been stillborn.)
¶Nine days before she died, a 54-year-old
woman dreamed of a childhood friend who
had caused her great pain decades earlier.
The friend, who had since died, appeared as
an old man and said, “Sorry, you’re a good
person,” and “If you need help, just call my
name.”
This is certainly research in its infancy.
The investigators, counselors and palliative
care doctors, are trying to identify and de-
scribe the phenomena. Dr. Quill said he be-
lieved the studies would help make these
experiences more accessible to skeptical
doctors.
“The huge challenge of this work is to
help patients feel more normal and less
alone during this unusual experience of dy-
ing,” he said. “The more we can articulate
that people do have vivid dreams and vi-
sions, the more we can be helpful.”
Other research suggests that dreams
seem to express emotions that have been
building. Tore Nielsen, a dream neurosci-
ence researcher and director of the Dream
and Nightmare Laboratory, at the Univer-
sity of Montreal, surmised that at the end of
life, such a need becomes more insistent.
Troubled dreams erupt with excessive en-
ergy. But positive dreams can serve a simi-
lar purpose.
“The motivation and pressure for these
dreams is coming from a place of fear and
uncertainty,” he said. “The dreamers are
literally helping themselves out of a tough
spot.”
In the weeks and days before death, the
dreams of the patients in the study tended
to occur with greater frequency, populated
with the dead rather than the living. The re-
searchers suggest that such phenomena
might even have prognostic value.
“I was an aggressive physician, always
asking, ‘Is there more we can do?’” said Dr.
Kerr, who is also the chief medical officer for
Hospice Buffalo. “There was a patient who I
thought needed to be rehydrated, and we
could buy him some time.” But, he said, a
nurse, familiar with the patient’s dreams,
cautioned: “ ‘You don’t get it. He is seeing
his dead mother.’ He died two days later.”
Certainly, many dying patients cannot
communicate. Or they recount typical
dream detritus: a dwarf lifting the refriger-
ator, neighbors bringing a chicken and a
monkey into the patient’s apartment. And
some patients, to their disappointment, do
not remember their dreams.
Dr. Kerr, who recently gave a talk at
TEDxBuffalo about the research, said he
was simply advocating that health care
providers ask patients open-ended ques-
tions about dreams, without fear of recrimi-
nation from family and colleagues.
“Often when we sedate them, we are ster-
ilizing them from their own dying process,”
he said. “I have done it, and it feels horrible.
They’ll say, ‘You robbed me — I was with
my wife.’”
Complexities of Delirium
While the patient was lying in bed, her
mother by her side, she had a vision: She saw
her mother’s best friend, Mary, who died of
leukemia years ago, in her mother’s bed-
room, playing with the curtains. Mary’s hair
was long again. “I had a feeling she was com-
ing to say, ‘You’re going to be O.K.’ I felt relief
and happiness and I wasn’t afraid of it at
all.” — Jessica Stone, 13, who had Ewing’s
sarcoma, a type of bone cancer, a few
months before she died.
Many in hospice suffer from delirium,
which can affect up to 85 percent of hospital-
ized patients at the end of life. In a delirious
state, brought on by fever, brain metastases
or end-stage changes in body chemistry, cir-
cadian rhythms are severely disordered, so
the patient may not know whether he is
awake or dreaming. Cognition is altered.
Those who care for the terminally ill are
inclined to see end-of-life dreams as mani-
festations of delirium. But the Hospice Buf-
falo researchers say that while some study
patients slipped in and out of delirium, their
end-of-life dreams were not, by definition,
the product of such a state. Delirious pa-
tients generally cannot engage with others
or give a coherent, organized narrative. The
hallucinations they are able to describe
may be traumatizing, not comforting.
Yet the question remains of what to make
of these patients’ claims of “dreaming while
awake,” or having “visions” — and the not-
uncommon phenomena of seeing deceased
relatives or friends hovering on the ceiling
or in corners.
Donna Brennan, a longtime nurse with
Hospice Buffalo, recalled chatting on the
couch with a 92-year-old patient with con-
gestive heart failure. Suddenly, the patient
looked over at the door and called out, “Just
a minute, I’m speaking with the nurse.”
Told that no one was there, the patient
smiled, saying it was Aunt Janiece (her
dead sister) and patted a couch cushion,
showing “the visitor” where to sit. Then the
patient cheerfully turned back to Mrs.
Brennan and finished her conversation.
In her notes, Mrs. Brennan described the
episode as a “hallucination,” a red flag for
delirium. When the episode was recounted
to Dr. Kerr and Anne Banas, a Hospice Buf-
falo neurologist and palliative care physi-
cian, they preferred the term “vision.”
“Is there meaning to the vision or is it dis-
organized?” Dr. Banas asked. “If there is
meaning, does that need to be explored?
Does it bring comfort or is it distressing?
We have a responsibility to ask that next
question. It can be cathartic, and patients
often need to share. And if we don’t ask, look
what we may miss.”
Dr. William Breitbart, chairman of the
psychiatry department at Memorial Sloan
Kettering Cancer Center, who has written
about delirium and palliative care, said that
a team’s response must also consider bed-
side caregivers: “These dreams or visions
can be interpreted by family members as
comforting, linking them to the legacy of
their ancestry.
“But if people don’t believe that, they can
be distressed. ‘My mother is hallucinating
and seeing dead people. Do something
about it!’” Dr. Breitbart trains staff to re-
spect the families’ beliefs and help them un-
derstand the complexities of delirium.
Some dream episodes occur during what
is known as “mixed-state sleep” — when the
boundaries between wakefulness and sleep
become fragmented, said Dr. Carlos H.
Schenck, a psychiatrist and sleep expert at
the University of Minnesota Medical
School. Jessica Stone, the teenager with
Ewing’s sarcoma, spoke movingly about a
dream of her dead dog, Shadow. When she
awoke, she said, she saw his long, dark
shape alongside her bed.
Dr. Banas, the neurologist, favors the
phrase end-of-life experiences. “I try to nor-
malize it for the family, because how they
perceive it can push them away from that
bedside or bring them closer,” she said.
Reliving Trauma
The patient had never really talked about
the war. But in his final dreams, the stories
emerged. In the first, the bloody dying were
everywhere. On Omaha Beach, at Nor-
mandy. In the waves. He was a 17-year-old
gunner on a rescue boat, trying frantically to
bring them back to the U.S.S. Texas. “There
is nothing but death and dead soldiers all
around me,” he said. In another, a dead sol-
dier told him, “They are going to come get
you next week.” Finally, he dreamed of get-
ting his discharge papers, which he de-
scribed as “comforting.” He died two days
later. — John, 88, who had lymphoma.
Not all end-of-life dreams soothe the dy-
ing. Researchers found that about 20 per-
cent were upsetting. Often, those who had
suffered trauma might revisit it in their dy-
JONATHON ROSEN
“The huge challenge of
this work is to help
patients feel more
normal and less alone
during this unusual
experience of dying.”
DR. TIMOTHY E. QUILL
UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER
MEDICAL CENTER
ing dreams. Some can resolve those experi-
ences. Some cannot.
When should doctors intervene with anti-
psychotic or anti-anxiety medication, to
best allow the patient a peaceful death? For
the Hospice Buffalo physicians, the deci-
sion is made with a team assessment that
includes input from family members.
Dr. Kerr said: “Children will see their par-
ents in an altered state and think they’re
suffering and fighting their dying. But if you
say: ‘She’s talking about dead people, and
that’s normal. I’ll bet you can learn a lot
about her and your family,’ you may see the
relative calming down and taking notes.”
Without receiving sufficient information
from the family, a team may not know how
to read the patient’s agitation. One patient
seemed tormented by nightmares. The
Hospice Buffalo team interviewed family
members, who reluctantly disclosed that
the woman had been sexually abused as a
girl. The family was horrified that she was
reliving these memories in her dying days.
Armed with this information, the team
chose to administer anti-anxiety medica-
tion, rather than just antipsychotics. The
woman relaxed and was able to have a pow-
erful exchange with a priest. She died dur-
ing a quiet sleep, several days later.
This fall, Mrs. Brennan, the nurse, would
check in on a patient with end-stage lung
cancer who was a former police officer. He
told her that he had “done bad stuff” on the
job. He said he had cheated on his wife and
was estranged from his children. His
dreams are never peaceful, Mrs. Brennan
said. “He gets stabbed, shot or can’t
breathe. He apologizes to his wife, and she
isn’t responding, or she reminds him that he
broke her heart. He’s a tortured soul.”
Some palliative care providers maintain
that such dreams are the core of a spiritual
experience and should not be tampered
with. Dr. Quill, who calls people with such
views “hospice romantics,” disagreed.
“We should be opening the door with our
questions, but not forcing patients through
it,” Dr. Quill said. “Our job is witnessing, ex-
ploring and lessening their loneliness. If it’s
benign and rich with content, let it go. But if
it brings up serious old wounds, get real
help — a psychologist, a chaplain — be-
cause in this area, we physicians don’t know
what we’re doing. ”
Solace for the Living
In the first dream, a black spider with
small eyes came close to her face. Then it
turned into a large black truck with a red
flatbed, bearing down on her. Terrified, she
forced herself awake. In another dream, she
had to pass through her laundry room to get
to the kitchen. She glanced down and saw
about 50 black spiders crawling on the floor.
She was so scared! But when she looked
closer, she saw they were ladybugs. She felt
so happy! “Ladybugs are nice and I knew
they weren’t going to hurt me,” she recounted
later. “So I made my way to the kitchen.”—
Rosemary Shaffer, 78, two months before
she died of colon cancer.
The Hospice Buffalo researchers have
found that these dreams offer comfort not
only for the dying, but for their mourners.
Kathleen Hutton holds fast to the end-of-
life dream journals fastidiously kept by her
sister, Mrs. Shaffer, a former elementary
schoolteacher and principal. Rosemary
Shaffer wrote about spiders and trucks, and
then the ladybugs. In one dream, she saw
flowers at a funeral home, which reminded
her of those her daughter painted on hand-
made scarves. She felt loved and joyful.
“I was glad she could talk about dreams
with the hospice people,” Ms. Hutton said.
“She knew it was her subconscious working
through what she was feeling. She was
much more at peace.”
Knowing that has made her own grief
more manageable, said Ms. Hutton, who
teared up as she clasped the journals during
a visit at the hospice’s family lounge.
Several months ago, Mrs. Brennan, the
nurse, sat with a distraught husband,
whose wife had pancreatic cancer that had
spread to the liver. She had been reporting
dreams about work, God and familiar peo-
ple who had died. The patient thought that
she would be welcomed in heaven, she said.
That God told her she had been a good wife
and mother.
“Her husband was angry at God,” Mrs.
Brennan said. “I said: ‘But Ann is not. Her
dreams aren’t scary to her at all. They are
all about validation.’
“He just put his head down and wept.”

SCIENCETAKE JAMES GORMAN

The Venus Flytrap, a Plant That Can Count

raindrops and windblown debris.
When trigger hairs are moved In the recent experiment, researchers
twice within 20 seconds, it is studied how the plant was responding to
movement of the trigger hairs, and deter-
time to clamp down on prey. mined that it was counting electrical pulses
from them.
CARNIVOROUS PLANTS stir the imagination. Plants don’t have a nervous system to
You can find the results in science fiction transmit these pulses as animals do, but a
novels (“The Day of the Triffids”), Broad- spike in electricity produced by biochemical
way plays(“Little Shop of Horrors”) and in changes can travel on the surfaces of cells.
recent research that concludes that the Ve-
needed. Dr. Hedrich and colleagues found
that more electric signals from the trigger
hairs translated proportionally into more
enzymes for the green stomach.
Dr. David Clapham at Harvard, who stud-
ies the biochemistry of how animal cells
generate electric signals as a way to trans-
mit signals in their nervous systems, said
he was intrigued by what seemed to be this
“just-in-time” system of providing digestive
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The researchers flicked the trigger hairs

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nus flytrap can count. while they recorded electrical activity in the produce enzymes when they are needed
Not out loud, of course. And no one is plant. The motor cells that close the leafy and only in the amount needed, an efficient
claiming that the plants are aware that they jaws on prey acted only when they received mechanism for a plant living in a poor envi-
are counting. But even so, this is the first two signals within about 20 seconds. That ronment.
time someone has demonstrated counting meant that the cells somehow remembered The process is slow compared with what
in a plant, according to the researcher who the first signal for a short time. After 20 sec- occurs in animals, he said, but “plants have
led the experiments, Rainer Hedrich at the onds, this first electrical pulse was forgot- a lot more time to react.”
P r e s s R e a d e r. c o m

University of Würzburg, in Germany.
Dr. Hedrich, Jennifer Böhm and Sönke
Scherzer, all at Würzburg, and a team of
other scientists reported their research in
Current Biology.
Venus flytraps are carnivorous. They live
in poor soil and pull needed nutrients from
the insects they trap and dissolve. Their
trap is a pair of leaves that act as jaws and
stomach.
When an insect lands and bumps into
trigger hairs on the surface of these leaves,
After a Venus flytrap closes on
an insect, it needs more than
three flicks of a trigger hair to
produce digestive enzymes.
SÖNKE SCHERZER
the trap closes. As digestive enzymes seep
into the trap, it becomes what Dr. Hedrich
calls a “green stomach,” and the prey is
gradually turned into a nourishing soup.
Scientists knew that an insect had to
bump the trigger hairs more than once to
cause the trap to shut, presumably to avoid
wasting energy by responding to random
ten, essentially resetting the process.
But closing the trap on an insect is only
Step 1. The Venus flytrap must also dissolve
its prey. Two flicks of a trigger hair were not
enough to kick off that mechanism. More
than three flicks of a trigger hair were
needed to signal the cells that produce di-
gestive enzymes to begin that process.
In nature, the trigger hairs are activated
time and again as the trapped prey strug-
gles. That frenzy gives the plant a way to
judge the amount of digestive enzymes
Dr. Hedrich said that electrical signals
were produced by biochemical changes and
that this process evolved very early in the
history of life. “A single cell can be electri-
cally excited,” he said.
Asked about primitive animals, like the
worm C. elegans, studied in many laborato-
ries around the world by many, many scien-
tists, he joked, “I think the Venus flytrap is
much smarter than C. elegans,” quickly
adding with a laugh, “Don’t quote me on
that.”