By summing the moments about the resulting bolt force 6.

Determine the plate thickness based on the required

and solving as a quadratic function, the following expression flexural strength per inch of plate:
can be determined for calculating the bearing distance, A:
LRFD ASD
 f p B 
f ′± f ′ 2 − 4   ( PA′ + M ) 4 M u pl 4 M a pl Ω
 6  tp = tp =
A= φFy Fy
fpB
3

where B.5 Example: Small Moment Base Plate Design,

f ′ = fpBN′/2
P = Pu for LRFD, Pa for ASD
M = Mu for LRFD, Ma for ASD
Small Moment Base Plate Example
The resulting tensile force in the anchor rods is then
Design Guide 1, 2nd Edition
Base Plate and fAnchor Rod Design
p AB
=
AISC - OctT2006 −P
2
where T = Tu for LRFD, Ta for ASD, and P = Pu for LRFD,
Pa for ASD.
The design procedure is as follows:
Triangular Pressure Distribution Approach
Design a base plate for axial dead and live loads equal to 100
and 160 kips, respectively, and moments from the dead and
live loads equal to 250 and 400 kip-in., respectively. Bending
is about the strong axis for the wide flange column W12×96
with d = 12.7 in. and bf = 12.2 in. The ratio of the concrete
to base plate area is unity; Fy of the base plate is 36 ksi and
fc′ of the concrete is 4 ksi.
1. Choose trial base plate sizes (B and N) based on geom-
etry of column and 4-anchor requirements.
N > d + (2 × 3.0 in.) = 12.7 + 6 =18.7 in.
B > bf + (2 × 3.0 in.) = 12.2 + 6 = 18.2 in.

1. Determine the available bearing strength, φPp or Pp /Ω Try N = 19 in., B = 19 in.

with 2. Determine plate cantilever dimension, m or n, in direc-
Pp = 0.85 f c′A1 A2 / A1 ≤ 1.7 f c′A1 tion of applied moment.

φ = 0.90 Ω = 1.67 ( N − 0.95d ) 19.0 − 0.95(12.7 in.)

m = = = 3.47 in.
2 2
2. Choose trial base plate sizes (B and N) based on geom-
B − 0.80b f 19 − 0.80(12.2 in.)
etry of column and the four-anchor requirement. n = = = 4.62 in.
2 2
3. Determine the length of bearing, A, equal to the small- (Not in direction of applied moment)
est positive value from the equation in Section B.4.2.
If the value is reasonable, go on to the next step. If it 3. Determine applied loads, P and M, based on ASD or
is close to the value of N′, the solution is not practical LRFD load combinations.
since this implies that bearing exists in the vicinity of
the anchor rod. If this were so, the anchor rod could not LRFD ASD
develop its full tensile strength. It is then necessary to Pu = 1.2(100) + 1.6(160) = Pa = 100 + 160 = 260 kips
return to Step 2 and choose another, larger plate size. 376 kips
Mu = 1.2(250) + 1.6(400) = Ma = 250 + 400 = 650 kip-in.
4. Determine the resultant anchor bolt force, T, from the
940 kip-in.
above equation. If it is reasonable, go to the next step.
Otherwise return to Step 2. 4. Determine eccentricity e and ekern.
5. Determine the required moment strength per inch of LRFD ASD
plate as the greater of the moment due to the pressure
Mu 940 Mu 650
and the moment due to tension in the anchor rods. Each eu = = = 2.5 in. ea = = = 2.5 in.
is to be determined at the appropriate critical section. Pu 376 Pu 260

58 / DESIGN GUIDE 1, 2ND EDITION / BASE PLATE AND ANCHOR ROD DESIGN
 N 19.0 6. Determine pressure at critical bending plane [m distance
eker n = = = 3.17 in. from fp(max)].
6 6
Thus, e = 2.5 in. < ekern = 3.17 in., this is a small moment LRFD ASD
base, no tension exists between base plate and founda-
tion. m m
f pu ( m ) = f pu(max) − 2 f p (b )u   f pa ( m ) = f pa(max) − 2 f p (b ) a  
 N   N 
5. Determine base pressures for a 1-in. strip of plate. = 1.86 −
2(0.822)(3.47 in.)
= 1.29 −
2(0.569)(3.47 in.)
19 in. 19 in.
Due to axial compression: = 1.56 kips/in. = 1.08 kips/in.

P P
f p( ax ) = =
A BN
7. Determine Mpl for bending about critical planes at m
and n.
LRFD ASD

Pu P Bending of a 1-in.-wide strip of plate about a plane at m,

f p( ax ) = f p(ax) = a in the direction of applied moment:
BN BN
376 kips 260 kips
= = 1.04 ksi = = 0.720 ksi LRFD ASD
19 in.×19 in. 19 in.×19 in.
 m 2   m 2 
M u pl = ( f pu ( m ) )  M a pl = ( f pa ( m ) ) 
 2   2 
 m 2   m 2 
Due to applied moment: + ( f pu(max) − f pu ( m ) )  + ( f pa(max) − f pa ( m ) ) 
 3   3 

M 6 Pe (3.47 in.) 2 (3.47 in.) 2

M u pl = (1.56 kips/in.) M u pl = (1.08 kips/in.)
f p( b ) = = 2 2
S pl BN 2 (3.47 in.) 2 (3.47 in.) 2
+ (1.86 −1.56 kips/in.) + (1.29 −1.08 kips/in.)
3 3
= 10.6 kip-in. = 7.34 kip-in.
LRFD ASD
6 Pu e 6 Pa e
f p(ax) = f p (bu) = f p ( ax ) = f p (ba ) =
BN 2 BN 2 Bending about a plane at n, perpendicular to applied
6(376 kips)(2.50 in.) 6(260 kips)(2.50 in.) moment. For the case of axial loads plus small mo-
= =
19 in.×(19 in.)
2
19 in.×(19 in.)
2 ments, the procedure shown below can be used (using
the axial load only). For axial loads plus large moments,
= 0.822 kips/in. = 0.569 kips/in. a more refined analysis is required.

LRFD ASD
Combined pressure:
 n2   n2 
LRFD ASD M u pl = f p ( ax )u   M a pl = f p ( ax ) a  
 2   2 
f pu(max) = f p ( ax )u + f p (b )u f pa(max) = f p ( ax )u + f p (b )u (4.62 in.) 2 (4.62 in.) 2
= 1.04 kips/in. = 0.720 kips/in.
= 1.042 + 0.822 = 0.720 + 0.569 2 2
= 11.1 kip-in./in. = 7.68 kip-in./in.
= 1.86 kips/in. = 1.29 kips/in.

f pu(min) = f p ( ax )u + f p (b )u f pa(min) = f p ( ax )u + f p (b )u
The critical moment is the larger of Mpl about m and n
= 1.042 − 0.822 = 0.720 − 0.569 critical planes.
= 0.220 kips/in. = 0.151 kips/in.
LRFD ASD

Mu crit = 11.1 kip-in./in. Ma crit = 7.68 kip-in./in.

DESIGN GUIDE 1, 2ND EDITION / BASE PLATE AND ANCHOR ROD DESIGN / 59
8. Determine required plate thickness: 2. Assume a 14-in. × 14-in. base plate. The effective ec-
centricity is
Note: Since the Mpl is expressed in units of kip-in./in.,
the plate thickness expressions can be formatted with- LRFD ASD
out the plate width (B) as such:
e = 720 kip-in./90 kips = 8.00 in. e = 480 kip-in./60 kips = 8.00 in.
LRFD ASD

4 M u crit 4 M a crit Ω Then, e > ekern; therefore, anchor rods are required to
tu req = ta req = resist the tensile force. The anchor rods are assumed to
φFy Fy
be 1.5 from the plate edge.
4×11.1 kip-in. 4× 7.68 kip-in.×1.67
= = 3. Determine the length of bearing.
0.90×36 ksi 36 ksi
= 1.17 in. = 1.19 in.
LRFD ASD

3.06 ksi ×14 in.×12.5 in. ′ 2.04 ksi ×14 in.×12.5 in.
f′= f =
9. Use plate size: 2 2
= 268 kips = 178 kips
N = 19 in.

B = 19 in.
thus,
t = 14 in. LRFD ASD
 2.04×14 
B.5.2 Example: Large Moment Base Plate Design,  3.06×14  1782 − 4  
2682 − 4    6 
Triangular Pressure Distribution Approach 268 −  6  178 −
 
× (60×5.5) + 480
Design the base plate shown in Figure B.4 for an ASD and × (90×5.5) + 720
A= A=
 
LRFD required strength of 60 and 90 kips, respectively, and 
 3.06×14 
  2.04×14 
 3   3 
moments from the dead and live loads equal to 480 and 720
kip-in., respectively. The ratio of the concrete to base plate = 5.27 in. = 5.27 in.
area (A2/A1) is 4.0. Bending is about the strong axis for the
wide flange column W8×31 with d = bf = 8 in.; Fy of the
base plate and anchor rods is 36 ksi and fc′ of the concrete
is 3 ksi.
1.
LRFD ASD

Pu = 90 kips Pa = 60 kips
M u = 720 kip-in. M a = 480 kip-in.
φPp Pp (0.85)(3.0)(2)
= 0.60(0.85)(3.0)(2) =
A1 ΩA1 2.50
≤ 0.60(1.7)((3.0) (1.7)(3.0)
≤
2.50
φPp Pp
= 3.06 ksi = 2.04 ksi
A1 ΩA1

Figure B.4. Design example with large eccentricity.

60 / DESIGN GUIDE 1, 2ND EDITION / BASE PLATE AND ANCHOR ROD DESIGN
 Project: Verification Example Page # ___
Engineer: Javier Encinas, PE 7/20/2014
Descrip: Small Moment Base Plate
ASDIP Steel 3.2.5 STEEL BASE PLATE DESIGN www.asdipsoft.com

GEOMETRY SERVICE LOADS (ASD)

Column Section ................. W12X87 Vertical Load P ................ 260.0 kip
Width Length Bending Moment M ......... 54.2 k-ft
Column .......... 12.1 12.5 in Horizontal Load V ............ 0.0 kip
Plate .............. 19.0 19.0 in OK Design Eccentricity e ....... 2.5 in
Concrete Wp1 9.5 Lp1 9.5 in OK Design Eccentricity Is < L/6
Support Wp2 9.5 Lp2 9.5 in OK
Rod Offset ..... 4.0 3.0 in OK MATERIALS
Thickness of Grout ............ 1.5 in Plate Steel Strength Fy .... 36.0 ksi
Pier Concrete Strength f'c 4.0 ksi

AXIALLY LOADED PLATES

Cantilever Model Thornton Model
Bearing Stress fp ............. 0.72 ksi OK Bearing Strength Fp/Ω ..... 1.36 ksi
Critical Section @ Long m 3.56 in Critical Section @ Int λn' . 2.65 in
Critical Section @ Short n 4.66 in Design Moment @ Plate ... 2.54 k-in/in
Plate Thickness tp .......... 1.20 in Plate Thickness tp ............ 0.69 in

BASE PLATES WITH MOMENT

Blodgett Method DeWolf Method
Max. Bearing Stress fp ...... 1.29 ksi OK Max. Bearing Stress fp ...... 1.29 ksi OK
Bearing @ Critical Section 1.08 ksi Bearing @ Critical Section 1.08 ksi
Moment @ Critical Section 7.73 k-in/in Moment @ Critical Section 7.73 k-in/in
Moment due to Rod Tension 0.00 k-in/in Moment due to Rod Tension 0.00 k-in/in
Design Moment @ Plate .... 7.73 k-in/in Design Moment @ Plate .... 7.73 k-in/in
Plate Thickness tp ............. 1.20 in Plate Thickness tp ............. 1.20 in

1
 Project: Verification Example Page # ___
Engineer: Javier Encinas, PE 7/20/2014
Descrip: Small Moment Base Plate
ASDIP Steel 3.2.5 STEEL BASE PLATE DESIGN www.asdipsoft.com

ANCHORAGE DESIGN SUMMARY OF RESULTS

Rod Material Specification ......... F1554-36 Design Moment @ Plate ... 7.8 k-in/in
(4) Rods , fya = 36.0 ksi, futa = 58.0 ksi Plate Thickness tp ............ 1.20 in
Anchor Rod Size .. 1" diam. x 12.0 in emb. Max. Bearing Stress fp ..... 1.29 ksi
Concrete Is Uncracked at Service Load Level Bearing Strength Fp/Ω ...... 1.36 ksi
fp / Fp/Ω Design Ratio .............. 0.95 OK
Tension Analysis (kip) DESIGN IS DUCTILE
Total Tension Force N .......... 0.0 kip
Tension Force per Rod Ni .... 0.0 kip
No Reinforcing Bars Provided
Failure Mode Ω Nn N / Nn/Ω
Steel Strength Nsa 2.00 35.1 0.00
Rebars Strength Nrg 2.00 N.A. N.A.
Conc. Breakout Ncbg 2.14 21.9 0.00
Pullout Strength Npn 2.14 67.2 0.00
Side Blowout Nsbg 2.14 N.A. N.A.
N / Nn/Ω Tension Design Ratio .... 0.00 OK

Shear Analysis (kip)

Shear Taken by Anchor Rods only
Total Shear Force V ........... 0.0 kip
Shear Force per Rod Vi ...... 0.0 kip
All Anchor Rods Are Effective
No Reinforcing Bars Provided
Failure Mode Ω Vn V / Vn/Ω
Steel Strength Vsa 2.31 16.9 0.00
Rebars Strength Vrg 2.31 N.A. N.A.
Conc. Breakout Vcbg 2.14 12.0 0.00
Conc. Pryout Vcpg 2.14 43.9 0.00
V / Vn/Ω Shear Design Ratio ...... 0.00 OK

Tension-Shear Interaction
Combined Stress Ratio ........... 0.00 OK

DESIGN CODES
Steel design ............. AISC 360-10 (14th Ed.)
Base plate design .... AISC Design Series # 1
Anchorage design ... ACI 318-11 Appendix D