The Intel 8086 Family of

Microprocessors
Models of IBM PC and their Microprocessors
• IBM PC -> 8086/8088
• PC XT -> 8088
• PC AT ->80286
• PS/1 -> 80286
• PS/2 -> 8086,80286,80386, 80486
Intel 8086 Family of Microprocessors
• 8086 and 8088 Microprocessors
• 80186 and 80188 Microprocessors
• 80286 Microprocessor
• 80386 and 80386SX Microprocessors
• 80486 and 80486SX Microprocessors
Intel 8086 Family of Microprocessors
• 8086
• 16 bit data bus
• Faster
• But expensive
• 8088
• 8 bit data bus
• Slower
• But less expensive
Intel 8086 Family of Microprocessors
• 80186
• Extended version of 8086
• 80188
• Extended version of 8088
Intel 8086 Family of Microprocessors
• 80286
• Real address mode and virtual address mode.
Intel 8086 Family of Microprocessors
• 80386
• 32 bit data bus
• 80386SX
• 16 bit data bus
Intel 8086 Family of Microprocessors
• 80486
• Floating point
• Cache Memory
• 80486SX
• Cache Memory
Organization Of 8086/8088 Microprocessors
Organization of the 8086/8088
Microprocessors
• Registers
• 3 Types of registers
• Data Registers
• Address Registers
• Segment Register
• Index Register
• Pointer Register
• Status Register
• Flag Register

11
Data Registers
• AX (Accumulator Register)
• BX (Base Register)
• CX (Count Register)
• DX (Data Register)

• Each one has two parts like AX(AH+AL)

12
Data Registers

13
Segment Registers(Address Registers)

14
Pointer and Index Registers, Instruction
pointers (Address Registers)

15
FLAGS Register(Status Register)

16
Physical Memory Address
00000000000000000000
00000000000000000001
00000000000000000010
00000000000000000011
.
.
.
.

11111111111111111111
Physical Memory Address
00000h
00001h
.
.
00009h
0000Ah
0000Bh
.
.
FFFFFh
Logical Memory Address
• Segment: Offset Address
• CS : IP
• CS = 0001h
• IP = 0002h
Logical Addr. 0001h:0002h
0001h----> 00001h
0002h
------------
Phy addr. 00003h
• If you have a segment A4FBh and offset 4872h. Then what is the 20
bit physical address?

20
• If you have a segment A4FBh and offset 4872h. Then what is the 20
bit physical address?
A4FB0h
+4872h
-------------
A9822h ( 20 bit physical address)

21
• CS : IP
• CS = 0000h
• IP = 0000h
• CS : IP
• CS = 0000h
• IP = 0000h
Logical Addr. 0000h:0000h
0001h----> 00000h
0000h
------------
Phy addr. 00000h
• CS : IP
• CS = 0000h
• IP = FFFFh
• CS : IP
• CS = 0000h
• IP = FFFFh
Logical Addr. 0000h:FFFFh
0001h----> 00000h
FFFFh
------------
Phy addr. 0FFFFh
• Segment 0000h
Range: 00000h to 0FFFFh
• CS : IP
• CS = 0001h
• IP = 0000h
• CS : IP
• CS = 0001h
• IP = 0000h
Logical Addr. 0001h:0000h
0001h----> 00010h
0000h
------------
Phy addr. 00010h
• CS : IP
• CS = 0001h
• IP = FFFFh
• CS : IP
• CS = 0001h
• IP = FFFFh
Logical Addr. 0001h:FFFFh
0001h----> 00010h
FFFFh
------------
Phy addr. 1000Fh
• Segment 0001h
Range: 00010h to 1000Fh
• Segment 0000h
Range: 00000h to 0FFFFh

• Segment 0001h
Range: 00010h to 1000Fh
Overlapping Scenario

33
Logical Memory Address
• 0000h:0011h

• 0001h:0001h
Segment Registers
• Memory Segment
• Segment: Offset Address
• Location of Segments

Task Segment Registers Pointer and Index

Registers
Code CS IP
Data DS SI
ES DI
Stack SS SP
BP
35