Professional Documents
Culture Documents
LM Animalpoultryproduction PDF
LM Animalpoultryproduction PDF
Learner’s Material
GOVERNMENT PROPERTY
NOT FOR SALE
ALLOTTED TO
District/ School: _________________________________________
Division _________________________________________________
First Year of Use: _________________________________________
Source of Fund (Year included):__________________________
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the
Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.
Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every
effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective
copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.
MODULE 3. BROODING
Have you ever thought about running your own business? Entrepreneurship
has brought great success to some people, but it's not a career path for all. Do
you think you can handle the stress and hard work that go with running a small
business enterprise? The key to success in a small business enterprise is your
entrepreneurial ability to produce the desired results. Before embarking on your
first business, it's worth spending some time evaluating your own preparedness
for entrepreneurship. Try to examine your own personality and compare it with
the Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies (PECs) of a successful
entrepreneur. Ask yourself if you are ready to enter into the world of business. If
your answer is yes, consider this reminder: “Successful entrepreneurs
continuously develop and improve their PECs.”
Essential Question
Performance Standard
5. Based on the data that you have gathered from the interview with the
successful entrepreneur in your community, how do you develop your
PECs?
6. Can you prepare an action plan that addresses your areas of development
and strengths based on your PECs?
7. How does your action plan help sustain your strong areas and / or address
your development areas based on your PECs?
A. Matching Type
Column A Column B
Entrepreneur’s Traits Definition
Multiple Choice.
Ms. Gillian Myles opens up her own retail business. She knows that her
personal entrepreneurial characteristics are insufficient to ensure the
successful operationalization of a business that she has in mind. Your
answers to the questions below will help in developing her PECs.
1. What PECs must she possess if there are customers who complain about
the quality of her product?
a. Patience
b. Hardwork
c. Versatility
d. Patience, hardwork and versability
1. Hard working: If you are determined to run your own business, you must
concentrate on your work either as a producer or a seller. The success of
your business depends on how much time and effort you will spend on it.
2. Self- confident: You must have a strong faith in your ability despite the
problems that you will encounter along the way.
3. Future-oriented: Once you enter a line of business, you must
understand that you are in a non-stop contract as an entrepreneur. It may
take several years to develop a business to a reasonable standard. The
goal for most successful business people is to build a secure job and
ensure a stable income for themselves based on their own ability.
4. Profit-oriented: When you enter the world of business, you are obviously
looking for what you know will be your bread and butter, not only for you,
but also for your family. Therefore, you must see to it that the business
can generate enough income. Another plan of action is to expand your
own business through the use of your generated income.
5. Goal-oriented: An entrepreneur is forward looking. You need advanced
preparation for your business. You set a long-term goal for the activities
that are needed, an extensive preparation for the production process and
procedures that you need to go through to acquire human and non-human
resources. Everything in your business will have to be set clearly,
organized, and planned depending on the goal you want to achieve.
6. Persistent: Differences in opinion and judgment may vary. Your
opponent can be part of the rejection about what you intend to do for your
endeavor. As an entrepreneur, you must be firm, strong-willed, and be
able to stick to or follow your own belief.
following tasks:
your town and locality. Write down all the descriptions on the second
column.
2. Reflect and assess the entrepreneurial traits and write it on the third
-
Characteristics -
-
-
Traits -
Directions: Choose from the list below the characteristics and traits that best
describe your own personal entrepreneurial characteristics. Find
ways to align them according to the personal entrepreneurial
characteristics of an entrepreneur which were discussed earlier.
Write your answers in the activity sheet provided.
Hello! I’m here once again reminding you whether you have
reached a certain point where you could honestly tell that you are
already successful in strengthening your own PECs. Let’ s see…
Directions: From the given chart below, write at least six techniques that would
allow you to strengthen your own PECs. Write the PECs that you
feel that you still need to focus on to strengthen these.
Example: Self-confidence
. .
Self-
confidence
Culminating Activity
Post-Assessment
Column A Column B
Entrepreneur’s Traits Definition
Ms. Gillian Myles opens up her own retail business. She knows that her
personal entrepreneurial characteristics are insufficient to ensure the
successful operationalization of a business that she has in mind. Your
answers to the questions below will help in developing her PECs.
1. What PECs must she possess if there are customers who complain about
the quality of her product?
a. Patience
b. Hardwork
c. Versatility
d. Patience, hardwork and versability
5. Mrs. Magno tells Mary, her best friend, that she has a strong will and does
not give up finding a solution to a business problem. What PECs has been
demonstrated by?
a. Hard work
b. Persistence
c. Self-Confidence
d. Risk- Taking
Feedback
You slowly find answers to these questions as you decide to do the first
step in launching a business enterprise. Be cautious, however, that you should
develop a habit of identifying opportunities around you. Only then will you find
the activity both exciting and easy.
Essential Question
- How does one select an entrepreneurial activity?
Content Standard
- The learner demonstrates understanding of environment and
market that relates with the career choice.
Performance Standard
- The learner formulates a business idea based on the analysis
of the environment and market.
Guide Questions:
1. How does one determine the product to be produced or services to be
offered and delivered to the target market or customers in a particular
community?
2. How does one select an entrepreneurial activity?
3. How can one respond effectively to a business enterprise?
Pre-assessment
1. The following are examples of peoples’ basic needs, EXCEPT:
a. recreation
b. clothing
c. shelter
d. food
a. Types of merchandise
b. The access of the target customers
c. The attractiveness of the store layout
d. The prevailing prices of goods in the area
Everyone has his or her own needs and wants. However, people have
different concepts of needs and wants. Needs in business are important things
that every individual cannot do without in a society. These include:
Basic needs are essential to every individual so he/she may be able to live
with dignity and pride in the community of people. These needs can obviously
help you generate business ideas.
Wants are desires, luxury, and extravagance that signify wealth and an
expensive way of living. Wants or desires are considered above all the basic
necessities of life. Some examples are the passion of every individual for:
fashion accessories, shoes, clothes; travelling around the world; eating in an
exclusive restaurant; watching movies, concerts, plays; having luxurious cars;
wearing expensive jewelry, perfume; living in impressive homes; and others.
Needs and wants of people are the basic indicators of the kind of
business that you may engage in because it can serve as the measure of your
success. Some other good points that you might consider in business
undertakings are the kind of people, their needs, wants, lifestyle, culture and
tradition, and social orientation that they have.
Here are some ways by which you may generate possible ideas for business.
1. Examine the existing goods and services. Are you satisfied with the
product? What do other people who use the product say about it? How
can it be improved? There are many ways of improving a product from the
way it is made to the way it is packed and sold. You can also improve the
materials used in crafting the product. In addition, you introduce new
ways of using the product, making it more useful and adaptable to the
customers’ many needs. When you are improving the product or
enhancing it, you are making an innovation. You can also make an
invention by introducing an entirely new product to replace the old one.
2. Examine the present and future needs. Look at and listen to what the
customers, institution, and communities are missing in terms of goods and
services. Sometimes, these needs are already obvious and felt at the
moment. Other needs are not that obvious because they can only be felt
in the future, in the event of certain developments in the community. For
example, a town will have its electrification facility in the next six months.
Only by that time will the entrepreneur think of electrically- powered or
generated business such as a photocopier, computer service, digital
printing, etc.
3. Examine how the needs are being satisfied. Needs for the products
and services are referred to as market demand. To satisfy these needs is
to supply the products and services that meet the demands of the market.
The term market refers to whoever will use or buy the products or service,
and these may be people or institutions such as other businesses,
establishments, organizations, or government agencies.
Businesses or industries in the locality also have needs for goods and
services. Their needs for raw materials, maintenance, and other services
such as selling and distribution are good sources of ideas for business.
Poultry Production Page 29
4. Examine the available resources around you. Observe what materials
or skills are available in abundance in your area. A business can be
started out of available raw materials by selling them in raw form and by
processing and manufacturing them into finished products. For example,
in a copra-producing town, there will be many coconut husks and shells
available as “waste” products. These can be collected and made into
coco rags/doormat and charcoal bricks and sold profitably outside the
community.
A group of people in your neighborhood may have some special skills that
can be harnessed for business. For example, women in the Mountain
Province possess loom weaving skills that have been passed on from one
generation to the next generation. Some communities there set up
weaving businesses to produce blankets, as well as decorative items and
various souvenir items for sale to tourists and lowland communities.
Business ideas can come from your own skills. The work and experience
you may have in agricultural arts, industrial arts, home economics, and
ICT classes will provide you with business opportunities to acquire the
needed skills which will earn for you extra income, should you decide to
engage in income-generating activities. With your skills, you may also
tinker around with various things in your spare time. Many products were
invented this way.
You have to select the most promising one from among a hundred
and one ideas. It will be good to do this in stages. In the first stage, you
screen your ideas to narrow them down to about five choices. In the next
stage, trim down the five choices to two options. In the final stage, choose
between the two and decide which business idea is worth pursuing.
This kind of changes being made will affect the existing principles in
business and industries that can be easily adapted to the changes in producing
the products/services to meet the needs and wants of people in the community.
In generating business idea, you should first identify what type of business
is suited to your business idea. You should analyze and scan the potential
environment, study the marketing practices and strategies of your competitors,
analyze the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and the Threats in your
environment to ensure that the products/goods and services you are planning to
offer will be patronized within the easy reach of your target markets/consumers.
People keep on searching for new things, new trends, and new issues.
For these reasons, an entrepreneur hurriedly responds to these needs and wants
of people fast.
As generations come and go, another set of new trends will come or will
exist. In order to adapt to the rapid changes in the business environment, existing
industries need to improve their products and services. But how can you
generate business ideas with those strong competitors? There are three main
sets of decisions that you need to make- what to produce, how to produce, and
how to share or sell out the product to the market.
Directions: After filling out the chart above, try to list down all the
probable business opportunities which you may wish to venture in.
Remember to consider the ideas and suggestions discussed in Lesson 3.
Use the suggested matrix below to indicate your choice. Write your
answers in your notebook.
Example: Selling Eggs or Chicken Meat
I – Personal Profile
a. Name (optional):
b. Age:
c. Sex:
d. Address:
e. Monthly Income:
should include the profile of the potential competitor, the products and services
being offered, their manner of delivery, and the innovations that are integrated in
competitor.
Below is a sample Survey Questionnaire which you can refer to. Feel free
to revise, add and/or alter items/questions being asked to make it fit to the target
competitor.
a. Name (optional):
b. Age:
c. Sex:
d. Monthly income:
e. Name of business establishment:
f. Number of years in business:
g. Number of employees/workers:
h. Business address:
2. Who are their common clients and how do they serve them?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
4. What are the raw materials and other resources being utilized by your
potential competitors?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
Now that, you have all the information, are you ready to test yyour
our ability to
generate your own business idea? If your answer is yes, start studying the
sample vicinity map of a community with a population of two thousand people. A
new housing project will be
constructed adjacent to Daang
Hari St. close to Old Molino St.,
its main road. This housing
project targets the
homeowners who are young
couples with two kids.
In this activity, you need
to answer the questions that
may lead to the generation of a
probable business. Your
answers to these questions will
serve as the bases in
formulating your own business
ideas.
1. Who do you think are your target consumers/markets?
2. Where is the most ideal location to situate your business?
3. Which products or services would appeal to your target
consumers/markets?
4. Can you say tthat
hat you have seized the most feasible business
opportunity?
LEARNERS’ MATERIAL
GRADE 9
ANIMAL PRODUCTION NC II
MODULE 1
I. INTRODUCTION
Let’s find out how much you already knows about selecting and procuring
stocks for egg/meat production. Answer the questions below. Write the letter of the
correct answer in your activity notebook.
1. Among the breeds/strain of broiler to select, which does NOT belong to the
group?
a. Cobb c. Peterson
b. Dekalb d. Starbro
2
6. If you are going to select meat type of bird, which do you consider most?
a. Rapid growth
b. Good breast development
c. Quick feathering
d. No defects or deformities
9. The first consideration that one should look into when selecting stocks are
the ______________.
a. body size c. legs
b. eyes d. weight and color
3
11. In the case of pullets, the replacement rate should be the rate of 1 ½
chicks per every hen. If you are the raiser and you wish to cull 100 heads,
how many chicks should you purchase?
a. 100
b. 150
c. 200
d. 250
12. The right time to purchase chicks for both eggs and meat production is
governed by_____.
a. market demand
b. market place
c. market potential
d. market standard
14. Select pullets which are offspring of hens with high production record of
about ______ eggs per year.
a.160 – 179 c. 200 - 219
b. 180 – 199 d. 220 or more
4
IV. READING RESOURCES
LESSON 1
WHAT TO KNOW?
PROCESS
There is no such thing as the best breed and commercial strains of chicken to
raise. All the good breeds require some methods of care and management even if
they serve the same purpose. There are, however, a number of factors that will help
in choosing the strain that is best to keep.
In selecting a strain, efforts should be made to suit one’s ideal and purpose to
the local conditions which affect fowls and their production. Climatic conditions and
the method of management used in the care of the chickens are the most important
factors that affect production. The availability of the breed in the locality is another
factor that must also be considered. The best breed is one which is available, cheap
and adapted to the locality.
5
Among the Commercial Strains of Chicken for Table Egg Production
are:
• Babcock
• Dekalb
• H & N cross
• Kimber
• Starcross
Among the broiler strains that are available to select from are:
• Anak
• Pilch-dekalb
• Lohman
• Starbro
• Arbor acre
• Peterson
Cobb
6
REFLECT AND UNDERSTAND
Answer the questions honestly. Write only the letter of your answer in your
activity notebook.
1. Among the breeds of broiler to select, which does NOT belong to the group
a. Cobb c.Peterson
b. Dekalb d. Starbro
2. From the choices below, select the breed of chicken known to be a goodlayer.
a. Arbor acre c. Lohman
b. Leghorn d. Minerva
7
TRANSFER
Visit poultry farms (backyard/commercial operation) and make a survey of the
most common breed of chicken (egg and meat type) they are raising. From the
capital invested by the poultry farm owners, ask them how much is their profit and
return on investment?
Go to a nearby agricultural and veterinary supply that sell meat and egg type
chicken. Make a list of the breeds of poultry that they are selling. Ask the owner
which type and breed of poultry are being patronized by poultry raiser.
With the data you have gathered,make your own analysis using the Tables
below:
Table 1.1
Raiser # Egg type Meat investment *ROI
Profit
type
1
2
3
4
5
8
FEEDBACK
We can say that the success of poultry raising is the selection of good quality
stock to raise. If the raisers fail to choose the ideal strain, the business is at risk.
Selecting good quality stocks is just like ensuring a business in an insurance
company.
After knowing the appropriate types and strain of chicken to raise, there is
also a need for the learners to have knowledge and skills in determining the
right/ideal sources of stocks for successful production which is the topic of the next
lesson.
GLOSSARY
9
RESOURCES:
CD/DVD Laptop
Visual aids Sample poultry animals
Pictures
REFERENCES:
LESSON 2
WHAT TO KNOW?
10
PROCESS
A practical guide to follow in the selection of the strain to raise is to observe
the type of chicken kept by successful poultry raisers in the locality. Find out which
will be cheaper in the long run,- to buy growing pullets or chicks of different breeds.
This can be done by estimating or computing the cost of the growing pullets and the
amount of feed they will consume and compare them with the cost of the chicks and
the feed that they will eat up to 1 ½ years old when both groups will be replaced.
Study also the prospect of market for hens after the productive period.
The breeder flock must be disease - free. Certified disease – free flock must
have a government veterinarian’s certification to the effect that the flock is free from
diseases.
“A hatchery that offers “bargains” or other form of promotions to get one to
buy should be looked upon with suspicion that the chicks it is selling may be of poor
quality.”
11
effects behind them for two to three years and some cases may even force a poultry
grower to go out of business.
• Eyes. Good quality chicks must have large, prominent eyes, indicating health
and vigor. These are two essential requirements for quality chicks. If one
looks into a box containing day-old chicks, the first impression that he/she
should get is to look on chick eyes
• Shank. Good quality chicks have strong well filled legs of good bright color,
and creamy white down (the fluffy fine feathers just below the anus). Chicks
that have pale thin legs and with chalk white coat should be rejected. Thin,
white or pale shank chicks do not possess vigor and health needed for
efficient growth.
• Weight and color. Good quality chicks should have a uniform size and color,
the color characteristic of the breed or strain, and must weigh about 35 – 40g.
• Feather. The down should be well fluffed out and of the proper color of the
breed or strain. Chicks with sticky off-colored down denote faulty incubation
that produces weak chicks.
• Deformities. Deformed chicks, meaning chicks with crooked legs and toes,
crooked beaks, small eyes, or chicks with blindness, paralysis of the legs or
neck and imperfectly healed navels should be discarded or rejected
12
Selecting Chicks for Broiler Meat Production
Male and female chicks intended as prospective breeders for the production
of broilers should be selected when one-day old and observed at regular intervals.
They should show indication of fast feathering as day-old chicks and at least 10
days. They should indicate rapid
growth in 4 to 5 weeks. Before the
birds are placed in breeding pens
they must have good breast
development in 6-12 weeks. They
should show no defects like
crooked legs and toes, crooked
beaks, blindness, paralysis, and
imperfectly healed navel.
Courtesy of MMFSL Agri. Class
13
REFLECT AND UNDERSTAND
Answer the questions honestly. Write only the letter of your correct answer in your
activity notebook.
1. The first consideration that one should look into when selecting stocks are
a. eyes b. body size c. legs d. weight and color
TRANSFER
Interview different poultry raisers in your community on what type and strain
of chicken they are raising for egg and meat and why they chose such strain. Get
14
the characteristics of stocks they consider in purchasing them and the
considerations that they observe in choosing the source of their stocks.
Submit the result of the interview to your teacher with your
remarks/comments.
FEEDBACK
Always bear in mind that the characteristics of stocks to raise and the
reputable sources should always be the first consideration.
A stock offered in “bargains” or other form of promotion to get one to buy
should be looked upon with suspicion that the chicks they are selling may possibly
be of poor quality.
Desirable characteristics of stocks to purchase should be evaluated first by
the potential raiser before decision is made. To familiarize them in doing so the next
topic should be taken.
GLOSSARY
15
RESOURCES
Visual aids/pictures
Learning guide
CD/DVD
Hand-outs
Laptop
Chicks (of different conditions)
REFERENCES:
16
LESSON 3
WHAT TO KNOW?
PROCESS
It must be pointed out that sometimes, more variations exist within a strain
than among different strains with regard to production. It will be of help to inspect
and compare the production record of different sources of chicks. It will likewise be
practical to inquire, analyze and compare experiences of other broiler or egg
producers in one’s locality to serve as guide in the selection of the source of one’s
stock.
17
How to Estimate the Number of Chicks to Order
In making an order for chicks either for egg or broiler breeds, one must
consider one’s experience in the venture, the capital he/she has and the time
available. Beginner should start with a small brood, not more than 50 chicks, and for
one with experience, 500 or more chicks. That would also depend on whether one
will devote only part time or full-time on the project. Of course, the number of chicks
he/she should order depends on the capital he/she has to invest.
For estimating the number needed to replace laying hens in a given flock, the
following serve as guide:
A. For straight run (mixed sexes), buy 3 chicks for every hen to be replaced because
most likely 50% of them will be cockerels. One- third of the remaining pullets
should be culled to ensure quality, strong and healthy layers.
B. In the case of pullets, the replacement rate should be at the rate of 1 ½ chicks for
every hen. One-third of the total number of pullets should be culled before they
are placed in the laying house to ensure best quality layers.
Purchase of chicks for both eggs and meat production is governed by market
demand. In centers of population, particularly big cities and towns where educational
institutions are concentrated, the demand for poultry products is continuously high
particularly during school months. Broiler raisers may produce or more stocks a year
since it takes an average of 8 weeks for the broiler to be ready for the market.
18
The demand for poultry products during April, May and June and from the 3rd
to 4th week of December is comparatively low because many students are in the
provinces on vacation. Ironically, the demand for eggs is more on the months when
egg production is low, that is usually during the rainy months. Purchase of chicks
therefore should be on the right time such that they come into production during
those months when the prices of eggs are high.
The order for chicks should be placed well in advance to ensure receiving
them on time. The important thing to remember is to replace the entire flock with
chicks of the same age to ensure that the (1) pullet will start laying at the same time;
and (2) broilers will be ready for the market at the same time. It must also be borne
in mind that the housing facilities must be emptied and cleaned properly before
putting in the house the next lot of broilers or replacement pullets.
Answer the questions honestly. Write only the letter of your choice on your
answer sheet.
1. From among the strains of broiler to select, which does NOT belong to the
group?
a. Cobb c. Peterson
b. Dekalb d. Starbro
19
3. In selecting strain of poultry, what factor is NOT considered?
a. Availability of the breed/strain
b. Care and management
c. Climatic conditions
d. Methods of management
6. If you are going to select a meat type breed intended for breeders, which
do you consider most?
a. Rapid growth
b. Good breast development
c. No defects or deformities
d. Quick feathering
20
8. Good, healthy, and quality chicks are indicated by_____.
a. Dull and sunken eyes
b. Pale thin legs
c. Large, prominent eyes
d. Thin, white or pale shanks
9. If one looks into the box containing day-old chicks the first impression that
he/she should get should be that of_____.
a. all eyes c. legs
b. deformities d. weight and color
12. In the case of sexed pullets, the replacement rate should be______.
a. 1 ½ chicks for every hen
b. 2 chicks for every hen
c. 2 ½ chicks for every hen
d. 3 chicks for every hen
21
13. Right time to purchase chicks for both eggs and meat production is
governed by____.
a. market demand c. market potential
b. market place d. market standard
15. Select pullets which are offspring of hens with high production record of
about____ .
a. 160-179 eggs per year
b. 180-199 eggs per year
c. 200-219 eggs per year
d. 220 or more eggs per year
22
TRANSFER
Make a survey of poultry farm engaged in meat and egg production in the
locality to identify commonly raised flock by farmers in your community. Interview the
owner of these poultry farms to determine the reasons why they chose to raise a
certain breed. Find out or ask the production rate of the breeds they are raising.
IV. FEEDBACK
23
GLOSSARY
24
Selection – the process of choosing and getting the best in a flock
Shank – the leg proper of a bird
Stocks – animals used as foundation or parents of the next
Strain – kind, breed of stock through artificial means
Vigor – healthy, active
RESOURCES:
Visual aids
CD/DVD
Reading materials
Pictures
Laptop
Chicken (live)
REFERENCES:
25
K TO 12 BASIC EDUCATION CURRICULUM
TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION
AGRI-FISHERY-ARTS-ANIMAL PRODUCTION
(ESPECIALIZATION)
GRADE 9
LEARNERS’ MATERIAL
GRADE 9
ANIMAL PRODUCTION NC II
26
Content Standard Performance Standard
The learner demonstrates The learner independently
understanding and skills required in applies knowledge and skills in
providing feeds and implementing providing feeds and implementing
feeding practices. feeding practices of poultry.
MODULE 2
I. INTRODUCTION
27
III. PRE-/DIAGNOSTIC ASSESSMENT
Let’s find out how much you already know about feeding broilers. Answer the
following questions honestly. Write only the letter of the correct answer in your
activity notebook.
2. Birds are fed for the purpose of supplying nutrients needed for their_____.
a. growth and development
b. life maintenance
c. reproduction
d. reproduction, life maintenance, growth and development
5. Nutrients are supplied through the feeds which provide the birds with the
needed_____.
a. energy c. fat
b. protein d. vitamins
28
6. Which of the choices below constitute the largest portion of poultry feeds?
a. Carbohydrates
b. Fats and ash
c. Protein
d. Vitamins
9. The kind of broiler/diet which has the highest protein content is_____.
a. chick booster
b. chick starter
c. finisher feeds
d. grower feeds
2
11. Listed below are rations/diets for layers EXCEPT___.
a. booster
b. grower
c. finisher
d. starter
14. Feeds given during the early stages of growth should have a protein content
of_____.
a. 16-18 %
b. 19-21 %
c. 22-24 %
d. 25-27 %
15. The daily average amount of feed needed by a layer a day is____.
a. 80 grms.
b. 90 grms.
c. 105 grms.
d. 110 grms.
3
IV. READING RESOURCES
LESSON 1
WHAT TO KNOW?
PROCESS
Feeds have components called nutrients that aid or support animal’s life.
Poultry birds require essential nutrients for growth, body maintenance, and
egg production. These nutrients are supplied through the feeds and provide the
quality, quantity or in a balanced ration for each type of bird at any stage of growth.
4
The biggest percentage of expenses incurred in poultry raising goes to feeds.
Hence the poultry raiser should pay careful attention to this very important item in
development. A greater part of the animal’s body such as the muscle, skin,
feathers, blood, brains, tendons, and internal organs are made up principally of
protein.
• Copra meal
• Sun-flower meal
• Fish meal
• Shrimp meal
• Blood meal
5
2. Energy. This constitutes a large portion of poultry feeds. Heat and energy are
Sources
3. Fats. Its major function is to supply the birds with heat and
energy.
of the eggs. The hen has only 2 ounces of mineral in her body. Mineral must
6
REFLECT AND UNDERSTAND
Choose the best answer. Write only the letter of your answer in your activity
notebook.
5. Which need the greatest quantity of nutrients for the rapid development of
bones and muscle tissues?
a. Broilers
b. Chicks
c. Layers
d. Pullets
7
TRANSFER
1. Place a kilo of mature coconut meat under the sun until it becomes very
dry. Chop and press the coconut to extract the oil. After the oil has been
removed, cook the coco meat and squeeze it in a vat. Add some sugar or
molasses. The finished product will be nutritious and delicious copra meal.
2. Collect a kilo of tinapa heads or any discarded parts of fish. Dry them
under the sun and grind finely. This is an example of fish meal. It will
provide a maximum of 45 percent protein to the chicken’s diet.
FEEDBACK
The largest cost in raising poultry for meat and egg production goes to feeds.
Understanding the fundamentals of poultry feeding is essential in order that the birds
may be fed economically. Nevertheless, learners and poultry raisers should know
the essential nutrients for chicken for them to be able to provide what is only
beneficial to chicken for optimum production and maximize the utilization of
investment. The next lesson will teach you how.
GLOSSARY
8
Feed ingredients - the sources of nutrients which are used in preparing poultry
feeds
Feeds - edible materials which are consumed by animals that
contribute energy and or nutrients to the animal diet
Nutrients - substances which nourish and promote animal growth.
Palatable - agreeable in taste
Poultry - feathered animals that render economic service to men
RESOURCES:
REFERENCES:
9
LESSON 2
WHAT TO KNOW?
4. appreciate the value of efficient feed and effective feeding for chicken.
PROCESS
Purposes of Feeding
Chickens are fed for the purpose of supplying nutrients needed for their growth,
maintenance, and reproduction. Broilers are marketed at a very young age (35-37
days). They need the greatest quantity of nutrients for the rapid development of
bones and muscle tissues. Layers also need those nutrients that will keep them for
the production of eggs and to replace worn out body tissues during egg production
stage. Layers are self-liquidating six months after the point of lay.
Functions of Feeds
2
1. To maintain life. The bulk of feed consumed by chicken is used to maintain life.
What is over and above the requirement for life maintenance is utilized for growth
and reproduction.
2. To promote growth. Broilers must have enough quality of feed for their growth.
They are raised to be utilized for meat purposes while layers are raised for egg
production.
needed.
Sources of Energy
A. Yellow corn. Yellow corn is one of the best grains for fattening chickens. It
Courtesy of CLSU
3
B. Rice bran. Rice bran is palatable
following:
D1 11 to 12%
D2 10%
D3 8.5 to 8.9%
A. Vegetable and Coconut oil – Plant oil are good source of energy for animals’
diet.
Sources of Protein
Plant Sources
A. Corn gluten feed (CP 18 to 20%). Corn gluten is a combination of corn gluten
and corn bran mixed in such a proportion as to contain twenty five percent
4
B. Soy bean oil meal. There are two types of soy bean oil meal: high
igh protein(46 %
C. Ipil-ipil leaf meal- it contains twenty one (21%) protein, but is fed mostly for its
A. Fish meal (58 to 60 % CP). Fish meal is a good source of high quality protein.
It contains
ns about sixty to sixty five percent protein
protein. It also contains an
percent
ercent crude protein but low in
5
Two major parts of shrimp are used in making shrimp meal, the shell (39%
C. Meat and Bone meal (50% CP). These are by-products, trimmings of canning
Minerals. There are 13 minerals required by chicken. These are grouped into the
selenium. Cobalt, which is found in Vitamin B, is also essential for healthy red
blood corpuscles. Calcium and phosphorous are needed for skeletal growth
and bone and teeth development found in the fluids and soft tissues of the
hydrochloric acid formation in the stomach. Zinc protects the skin from the
disease called mange. Iron and copper are necessary for the formation of
hemoglobin in the red blood cells to prevent nutritional anemia. All these
Vitamins. These are organic substances important to the health and proper
functioning of the animals. They are needed in small amounts. Vitamins are
6
FORMS OF FEED
a. MASH - (physical form) a mixture of feed ingredients in meal form.
7
KINDS OF POULTRY FEEDS
1. Pre-starter/Chick booster- given from day old to 2 wks; with 21.5 % to 23 % CP.
Ration Formulation
The cost of poultry feeds makes up 70 to 80 percent of the total cost of
affecting the health and vigor of the birds. This can be done successfully by
8
The saying “Tell me the kind of feeds you are giving your birds and I will tell
you what kind of birds you have” is true. In poultry nutrition, economical but nutritious
the correct proportion of two feed ingredients without changing the feed’s protein
content. However, in balancing swine rations by the Pearson Square Method, only
problem below:
A poultry raiser wants to prepare a ration with 17 % CP for his flock. He has
an adequate supply of rice bran and soybean oil meal. The protein content of rice
bran is 12 percent while soybean oil meal has 44 percent protein. How much rice
bran and soybean oil meal should be mixed to produce a 100 kilogram feed mixture
2. On the upper left hand corner of the square, write the protein content of the
energy source (rice bran). On the lower left hand corner, write the protein content
9
3. Draw a diagonal line from each corner; subtract the smaller number from the
12 27
17
17%
44 5
32
4. Get the total parts of rice bran and soybean.
5. The parts of each ingredient are simplified into a percentage of the total and these
27.0 parts of RB
______________ x 100 =84.375 kg. RB
10
Trial and Error Method. This is the most practical method to use in small scale
farm operations. A ration formulated by using this method is balanced and ensures
using trial and error method as stated by E.C. Coligado, University of the Philippines
College of Agriculture.
Steps:
1. Determine the kind of feed you want to formulate.
2. Determine the crude protein content of feed you want to prepare.
3. Identify commonly available feed ingredients.
4. List them down as shown in the above Table with their protein content.
5. Decide on the amount of feed to prepare.
6. Make a calculated amount for each ingredient and multiply them to protein
content of each ingredient.
7. If the total CP and amount of feed required are not met, TRY again.
8. Total the CP and the amount of feed, if both correspond to required CP
and amount of feed mixtures,you are ready for mixing feed.
11
FEEDING GUIDE FOR THE GENERAL FLOCK
Broiler and layers require different kind of feeds as they grow.
Feeds given during the early stages of growth have higher protein content (22 to 24
percent) than those given during the later stages of growth (19 to 20 percent).
To find out how much corn is needed to maintain a hen for one year, multiply the
possible.
laying stage to supply her daily maintenance and laying needs which can be
One of the factors that has improved the development of the poultry industry in
our country is the availability of efficient feeds and effective feeding management.
12
Correct practices in feeding chicken start during their first day in the brooding
house. An open type feeding trough or newspaper sheets should be used during the
first few days of the chicks. Feeds are spread over several layers of newspaper
sheets. These newspaper sheets must be changed every day until the chicks are big
Choose the best answer. Write only the letter of your answer in your activity
notebook.
13
4. Which is the main function of fats?
a. Aids in the support of animal life
b. Supplies the animal’s body with heat and energy
c. Supplies materials in the manufacture of egg shells
d. Utilized as material for fattening broiler
14
TRANSFER
Activity # 1
Students are grouped into six (or any ideal group size for the class) to
demonstrate the procedure in formulating a broiler ration using the different feed
ingredients as reflected on the Table of feed formulation (Students will prepare feed
mixture based on the available resources and problem that the teacher will provide).
Practice both methods of formulating feed.
RESOURCES:
Activity # 2
Visit at least five backyard poultry raisers in your community. Interview them
on what kind of feeds they give to their stocks. List down the kinds of feeds they are
using. Evaluate whether they are giving the proper nutrient requirements to their
15
stocks. Based on your findings write your comments and suggestions and discuss
them in class.
Activity 3
Gather different kinds of green feeds in your garden. Chop them finely and
place them in a separate feeder. Give it to your layer as green feeds. Observe which
of these chopped green feeds are most likely to be eaten by the birds. Write your
observations. Discuss them with your classmates.
V. SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT
Choose the best answer. Write only the letter of your answer on your answer
sheet.
1. The greatest percentage of expenses incurred in broiler production is cost
of_____.
a. antibiotics c. feeds
b. chicks d. labor
2. Birds are fed for the purpose of supplying nutrients needed for their_____.
a. growth and development
b. life maintenance
c. reproduction
d. reproduction, life maintenance, growth and development
16
c. For reproduction
d. For maintenance of life
4. For maximum efficiency, nutrients have to be supplied with the______.
a. balanced ration
b. right quality of ration
c. right quantity of ration
d. right quality and quantity of balanced ration
5. Nutrients are supplied through the feeds which provide the birds with the
needed_____.
a. Energy
b. Protein
c. fat
d. vitamins
6. Which of the choices below constitute the largest portion of poultry feeds?
a. Carbohydrates
b. Fats and ash
c. Protein
d. Vitamins
7. Which statement below best describes a yellow corn?
a. High in fiber but contains an adequate amount of fats
b. One of the best grains in fattening chickens
c. The cheapest source of carbohydrates
d. The common and cheapest source of plant protein
8. Which is NOT a function of water?
a. Acts as food carrier
b. Acts as tissue lubricant
c. Aids in digestion and absorption
d. Supplies the animal’s body with energy
17
9. The kind of animal feed which has the highest protein content is_____.
a. chick booster
b. chick starter
c. finisher feeds
d. grower feeds
10. Which of the following is NOT beneficially influenced by antibiotics?
a. Feed conversion
b. Rate of growth
c. Reduction of mortality
d. Repair of broken tissues
11. Listed below are feeds for layers EXCEPT___.
a. Booster
b. Grower
c. Finisher
d. Starter
12.Listed below are feeds for broiler EXCEPT____.
a. developer
b. finisher
c. grower
d. starter
13. Which form of feeds is made from crush pellet?
a. Crumble c. Mash
b. Grits d. Pellet
14. Feeds given during the early stages of growth should have a
protein content of_____.
a. 16-18 %
b. 19-21 %
c. 22-24 %
d. 25-27 %
18
15. The daily average amount of feed needed by a layer a day is____.
a. 95 grms.
b. 100 grms.
c. 105 grms.
d. 110 grms.
VI. SUMMARY/FEEDBACK
Feeds eaten by poultry birds or nutrients provided to them by the raiser are
transformed into heat and eggs which are useful to man for food and profit. Hence,
the poultry raiser should pay careful attention to this very important item in poultry
production, otherwise there will be an unnecessary amount of feed waste and,
consequently, lower profits and worst, failure of the business.
GLOSSARY
Absorption – assimilation
Ad libitum – continuous feeding
Commercially mixed feeds – feeds of animals intended for sale
Digestion – the process of dissolving food in the stomach, so
that can be turned into available nutrients for
the body
19
Feed intake – the amount of feeds eaten by the birds
Moistened – slightly wet
Musty – with moldy odor
Nutritious – promoting nutrition, nourishing something
Overfeeding – feed intake is more than what is required
Ration – the amount of feed given to birds within 24 hours
Retarded – abnormally slow in development
Self feeder – equipment where feeds are placed
Self feeding – free to take feeds in the feeder
Stale – loss of freshness
Wastage – waste, worthless, loss of materials, minerals or
waste products
RESOURCES
Feeds for layers Mixing pail
Feeds for broilers Weighing scale
Poultry equipment Different feed ingredients
Feeders Paper
Waterers
REFERENCES:
Broiler Production
MATEA-BASED TEXTBOOK
20
K TO 12 BASIC EDUCATION CURRICULUM
TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION
AGRI-FISHERY-ANIMAL PRODUCTION
(ESPECIALIZATION)
GRADE 9
LEARNERS' MATERIAL
GRADE 9
ANIMAL PRODUCTION NC II
21
Content Standard Performance Standard
The learner demonstrates The learner demonstrates
understanding and skills on proper independently the skills and attitudes
brooding of chicks. required in brooding.
MODULE 3
MODULE TITLE : BROODING
CODE : TLE-AFPA9RP-II a-e-3;III f-h-3
I. INTRODUCTION
1
III. PRE-/DIANOSTIC ASSESSMENT
Let us find out how much you know about brooding. Answer the following
test items; write the letter only of your answer in your activity notebook.
7. When the chicks are moving away from the source of heat it means that
the temperature is? ____.
a. moderate c. too low
b. too high d. fluctuating
11. The process of giving the necessary attention, care and management to
the birds is called _____.
a. brooding b. culling c. laying d. rearing
13. What will be the basis in grouping the chicks using all in all out system
a. Age b. Breed c. Color d. Size
4
IV. READING RESOURCES
LESSON 1
SYSTEMS OF BROODING
WHAT TO KNOW?
PROCESS
5
depending upon some factors like the rate of feathering of the chicks and the
time of year brooding is done.
Brooding can be successfully done all year round. However, provisions for
the comfort of chicks during the brooding period should be observed. Chicks
should be comfortably housed and protected from inclement weather. Materials
and other fixtures in the brooder should always be available to ensure that chicks
are given the utmost care and attention they need.
6
An example of brooder ( Courtesy of RMC-JRS)
Maintain proper temperature inside the brooding house to make chicks feel
comfortable.
Types of Brooding
Natural brooding. This is the brooding of chicks with the mother hen or
trained capon. Natural brooding is still the most common type of brooding
7
practiced in the rural areas. The hen after hatching the eggs rears her brood
through a natural process. A hen can conveniently brood around 12-15 chicks.
There are different kinds of chicks to brood. The flock may be composed of
any of the following:
• Sexed chicks. These are either all male or female chicks, intended for the
production of meat or egg.
a. Remove feed and water troughs and other equipment from the brooder
and bring them outside the brooder house.
b. Scrape, sweep, scrub and disinfect the brooder as well as the ceilings,
walls, and floors of the brooder house. Do the same thing with the feed
and drinking troughs and other equipment in the brooder and in the
brooder house.
2. Make a trial run of the brooder one week before the arrival of the chicks.
a. Check if the heat regulating system is properly working.
8
3. Check if the air circulates properly in the brooder house.
9
b. Replacement chicks (pullets) require 15 – 30 sq. cm./bird, but require
more as they grow older.
Setting up of Brooder
Materials needed:
• Any available material for chick guard
• Watering trough
• Feeding trough
• Litter materials:
• Rice hull/sawdust
• Old newspaper
10
How to Set-up Brooder
11
REFLECT AND UNDERSTAND
Answer the test items below. Write the letter of the correct answer in your
activity notebook.
1. The process of providing the necessary heat to the chicks to make them
warm and comfortable naturally or artificially is called ________.
a. Brooding
b. Culling
c. Hatching
d. Heating
2. Which group of chicks is composed of unsexed day-old chicks?
a. Pullets
b. Sexed chicks
c. Started chicks
d. Straight run chicks
3. Which female chicks produced mainly for the production of eggs.
a. Sexed chicks
b. Started chicks
c. Straight–run chicks
d. Sexed, started and straight-run chick
4. Making a trial run/test of the brooder before the arrival of chicks is made
for the purpose of _______.
a. checking the heat regulating system is properly working.
b. determining if air circulates properly inside the brooder.
c. buying in advance materials or spare parts that may be needed later.
d. checking the functionality of the heater, air circulation and buying
spare parts that may be needed later.
5. Which is NOT an artificial brooding? Heat is provided by _______.
a. charcoal c. a kerosene lamp
b. an electric bulb d. a mother hen
12
TRANSFER
Types of Brooding
Listed below are the materials and equipment needed in brooding. Place a
check mark in the column to indicate if this item is present, functional, or
defective. This undertaking will prepare you for a brooding activity in your class
broiler raising project. List down possible problems which you find not ready or
not functional and discuss them in the class.
Not
Conditions/equipment/materials Ready Functional Remarks
Functional
Brooder ready for brooding
Brooder properly disinfected
Litter materials
Drinking trough
Feeding trough
Feeds
Ventilation inside the brooder
Source of artificial light
Brooder properly secured
Brooder free from drafts
Space requirement feasible
Antibiotics/ vitamins
Open sacks (used to maintain
temperature)
1
FEEDBACK
Proper brooding practices are vital for proper growth and development of
chicks particularly in the early stages of their growth.
GLOSSARY
2
RESOURCES
Feeding trough
Watering trough
Day old chicks
Brooder
Spray tank
Disinfectants
Heater
Electric lamps
Empty sacks
Litter materials
REFERENCES
3
LESSON 2
WHAT TO KNOW?
PROCESS
Sources of Heat for Artificial Brooding
Electricity. Electricity is the common source of heat in big brooders that
accommodate a large number of chicks. An incandescent bulb which is normally
raised 15 cm above the floor of the brooder is used to provide the desired heat
needed by the chicks. It is the most convenient and the most reliable source of
heat. One (1) watt per head is required.
4
Charcoal, rice hull or wood. This type of artificial brooder is seldom used
because it is laborious. The poultry raiser has to make sure that the burning
charcoal, wood and rice hulls will not drop to the floor of the poultry house for it
causes fire. Heat is difficult to control, thus wider brooder space is needed for
the chicks to move away from the heat source in case it becomes too hot.
Additional precaution must be observed to avoid fire.
5
Kerosene lamp used in small number of chicks (Courtesy of RMC-JRS)
SYSTEMS OF BROODING
There are several systems of brooding that one can choose from based
on the construction of the poultry house. Select from the following systems of
brooding that you want to adopt.
6
Chicks raised in a litter-floor brooder (Courtesy of RMC-JRS)
1.Quality chicks
2.Proper temperature
3.Proper ventilation
4.Adequate space allowance
5.Proper sanitation
6.Adequate lighting facilities
7.Ample protection from the predators
8
Courtesy of RMC-JRS
Courtesy of RMC-JRS
9
Courtesy of RMC-JRS
Humidity. This refers to the condition of air moisture in the brooder. Too
much manure and spilled water accumulated in the brooder can make the pen
damp. This damp condition is unsanitary and is conducive to infectious diseases
(e.g. coccidiosis) that affects the chicks. This can be prevented by keeping the
brooder room dry, replacing defective waterers and changing the litters as often
as necessary.
Condition inside a brooder showing low temperature (RMC-JRS)
10
Brooder house showing good ventilation ( Courtesy of RMC-JRS)
Use the following Table as your guide in providing proper space allowance
for chicks and equipment for broiler production.
Proper brooding practices are vital for proper growth and development of
chicks particularly in the early stages of their lives.
11
On the 15th day broiler chicks are transferred to the growing or finishing
house where they can utilize more space for growth. Layer chicks on the other
hand are transferred on the 31st day.
Chicks should be provided with sufficient feeding and drinking space.
Overcrowding should be avoided.
Choose the best answer. Write the letter of the correct answer in your
activity notebook.
12
3. Brooder temperature is too cold when chicks____.
a. are noisy, open their wings, and keep on chirping
b. eat and drink more than what they need.
c. pile one on top of the other near the source of heat.
d. all of these
TRANSFER
13
V. SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT
Read the questions carefully and write the letter of your choice on your
answer sheet
14
6. Brooder temperature is just right when chicks_____.
a. are evenly distributed inside the brooder house
b. are noisy with open wings
c. drink less and they are panting
d. pile up near the source of light or in the corner
7. When the chicks are moving away from the source of heat it means that
the temperature is? ____.
a. moderate c. too low
b. too high d. fluctuating
11. The process of giving the necessary attention, care and management to
the birds is called _____.
a. brooding
b. culling
c. laying
d. rearing
15
12. Rapid growth of a chick is affected by their ____.
a. carcass quality
b. color of their shank
c. feed conversion efficiency
d. good fleshing and pigmentation
13. What will be the basis in grouping the chicks using all in all out system?
a. Age
b. Breed
c. Color
d. Size
17
GLOSSARY
REFERENCES
https://www.google.com.ph/search?
1
K TO 12 BASIC EDUCATION CURRICULUM
TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION
AGRI-FISHERY-ANIMAL PRODUCTION
(ESPECIALIZATION)
GRADE 9
COMPETENCY-BASED
LEARNING MATERIAL
LEARNERS’ MATERIAL
GRADE 9
ANIMAL PRODUCTION NC II
2
MODULE 4
I. INTRODUCTION
In this Module, learners will be provided with the knowledge, skills and
attitudes required for an effective and proper flock management in poultry
production. The Module will also give the learners a chance to observe and
manifest actual poultry farm conditions.
The learners or raises can also learn different approaches and processes
in poultry farm operations regarding activities on how to manage the flock
efficiently. The knowledge and skills they will learn from this Module will help
them to reduce potential or probable flock loss.
3
III. PRE-/DIAGNOSTIC ASSEEMENT
Direction: Read carefully the questions below. Write the letter of your choice in
your activity notebook.
4. The height of light bulbs from the floor should not be more than____.
a. 1.4 meters
b. 2.4 meters
c. 3.4 meters
d. 4.4 meters
4
5. What does culling mean?_____.
a. Removal of unproductive birds from the flock
b. Raising quality birds
c. Selecting a good quality birds
d. Removal, raising and selecting birds
5
9. Starting from the recommended lighting at 19 weeks of age, light hours should
be increased by __________.
a. 15 minutes every week
b. 20 minutes every week
c. 25 minutes every week
d. 30 minutes every week
12. Which condition exists where birds form a habit of feather picking, to the
extent of eating their companions if not controlled?
a. Cannibalism
b. Culling
c. Molting
d. Toe picking
7
LESSON 1
PERFORM PROPER FLOCK MANAGEMENT
In this Module the learners or raisers will learn how to perform proper flock
management that will help them make a successful poultry production.
This lesson deals with the importance of flock uniformity, lighting program
debeaking, molting and culling that will lead to a successful and productive
poultry raising.
WHAT TO KNOW?
At the end of the lesson, the learners should be able to:
1. discuss flock uniformity in egg production project;
2. observe proper lighting programs of laying flock;
3. perform debeaking of chicks and pullets;
4. demonstrate proper culling procedure ; and
5. monitor indicators of molting.
PROCESS
Flock Uniformity
9
Lighting Program
Light control is a valuable tool to control sexual maturity and to ensure
high egg production, bigger size of eggs and longer productive life. Increasing
day length during the growing period stimulates sexual maturity while decreasing
or constant day length lowers it down.
To meet the lighting requirements of a flock, natural day light should be
supplemented with artificial lights. A light intensity equivalent for the following
wattage of incandescent bulb per square meter of floor area should be provided.
From the beginning of 17-18 weeks (119-126 days) of age, artificial light
intensity equivalent to 3 watts of incandescent light or a minimum ¾ of a
fluorescent light per square meter floor area should be provided and evenly
distributed inside the laying house. Light bulbs should be not more than 2.4
meters (8 ft.) in height from the floor laying house.
Proper Ventilation
1
Systems of Ventilation
• Light intensity in the laying house should not be less than the growing
period.
• Artificial lights should be switched off 30 minutes after sunrise, and
switched on 30 minutes before sunset.
• Bulbs and reflectors should be cleaned regularly. Busted bulbs should be
replaced immediately.
• When increasing light hours, do it during the cooler predawn hours. This
will encourage feed intake.
• During dark overcast days, use artificial lights all day.
• Never decrease light hours anytime during the laying period.
Debeaking /Beak Trimming
Birds are usually debeaked at 6-8 days of age; only a small percentage of
the birds will require re-debeaking before being moved to the laying house.
• Cauterize the cut portion of the beak for 2 ½ seconds to prevent bleeding.
Also, correct cauterization will prevent undesirable re growth of the beak.
• Avoid burning the birds tongue. This can be done by pressing a finger
under the throat of the chicks during beak-trimming.
2
Taken from Tech-Voc. Module
Culling
3
culling of these undesirable birds is necessary to maintain efficiency of the
flock.
When to Cull
1. Time of hatching
2. Time bird began to lay ( point of lay)
3. Length of time in production (productive life)
4. Rate of molt – whether slow, moderate or rapid
5. Size of eggs
6. Rate of egg layed ( egg production)
7. Management practices
4
May Include:
How to Cull
5
What To Look For?
For Observation
6
Record Keeping
To monitor the performance of the flock, accomplish and keep the following
records during the entire laying period.
Molting
7
REFLECT AND UNDERSTAND
Answer the questions below. Write only the letter of your answer in your
activity notebook.
1. Light control is a valuable tool for _______.
a. controlling sexual maturity
b. ensuring high egg production
c. increasing egg size
d. controlling sexual maturity, ensuring high egg production and increasing
egg size
2. Debeaking or beak trimming is the most effective method of____.
a. avoiding cannibalism
b. minimizing feed wastage
c. prevent shedding of feathers
d. avoiding cannibalism, minimizing feed wastage and prevent shedding of
feathers
3. Which is a sign of a good layer?
a. Dull and somewhat cloudy eyes
b. Late molter
c. Shrunken and dull comb
d. Small ,dry and round vent
4. How do you catch laying hens during culling?
a. Catch them in the middle of the night.
b. Feed the bird to facilitate catching.
c. Run after the birds inside the poultry house until they get tired.
d. Use catching create to confine birds.
8
5. What factors should be considered when culling?
a. Length of production
a. Rate of laying
b. Rate of molting
d. Length of production and the rate of laying and molting
TRASFER
Visit a poultry farm engaged in egg production in your community. Interview
the owner about how he maintains uniformity of the flock, lighting program for
his laying hens and health and sanitation practices. Request the owner to
demonstrate proper procedure of culling. Ask the farm owner to assist you in
culling.
Read carefully the questions below. Write the letter of your choice on your
answer sheet.
9
3. To monitor the performance of the flock, raiser or caretaker should
accomplish and keep_______ .
a. visitation plan
b. marketing data
c. management record
d. farm output
4. The height of light bulbs from the floor should not be more than
a. 2.4 meters
b. 1.4 meters
c. 3.4 meters
d. 4.4 meters
5. What does culling mean?
a. Removal of un productive birds from the flock
b. Selecting a good quality birds
c. Raising quality birds
d. Removal, selecting and raising birds
6. Which is NOT a proven care and management practice of poultry?
a. Avoid overcrowding.
b. Follow approved practices.
c. Keep flock healthy.
d. Keep birds eating all the time.
7. How do you observe strict sanitary management practices in your poultry
farm?
a. Keep away from diseased flock.
b. Invite visitors and buyers to visit your project.
c. Keep on introducing new bird in the flock without assessing their
heath.
d. Stop giving medication to the flock even if there is an outbreak of
disease.
10
8. Which is the most effective method of preventing cannibalism, feather picking
or picking out
a. Culling
b. Nail cutting
c. Debeaking
d. Segregation
9. Starting from the recommended lighting at 18 weeks of age, light hours should
be increased by
a. 15 minutes every week
b. 20 minutes every week
c. 25 minutes every week
d. 30 minutes every week
10. Which is a sign of a good layer?
a. early molter
b dull and somewhat cloudy eyes
c. small ,dry and round vent
d. late molter
11. How do you catch laying hens during culling?
a. Use a catching crate to confine the birds.
b. Run after the birds inside the poultry house until they get tired.
c. Feed the bird to facilitate catching.
d. Catch them in the middle of the night.
12. Which refers to a condition where birds form a habit of feather picking, to
the extent of eating their companions if not controlled?
a. Cannibalism
b. Toe picking
c. Molting
d. All of the above
11
13., check for overcrowding, inadequate feeder, water space, and
condition in the flock if the uniformity of stocks is _______ .
a. less than 80 %
b. less than 90 %
c. less than 95 %
d. less than 85 %
15. Listed below are correct waste management practices, EXCEPT _____.
a. utilization of manure as plant fertilizer
b. use of manure for biogas production
c. making canals from poultry farm to rivers
d. use of manure as fish feed
12
V. SUMMARY/FEEDBACK
GLOSSARY
Cannibalism – a condition where birds form the habit of feather
picking to the extent of eating their companions
if not controlled
Cauterize – burning wounds or injuries by means of a heated
metal to prevent further infection
Culling – the process of removing unproductive birds from
the flock
De-beaking /beak trimming – removing of a part of the upper and
lower beak of the bird
Flock uniformity – a more or less equal weight of birds in the flock
Lighting - having abundant/sufficient light or illumination
Molting - refers to the shedding of feathers among poultry
birds
Pigmentation - color
Pliable – flexible
Pubic bones – lower part of the abdomen
Vent – an opening in the body, commonly small, for the
passage of fluid, gases
13
RESOURCES
Spray tank
Disinfectants
Boots
Hand gloves
Cleaning materials
Antibiotics
Vitamins
REFERENCES
14
K TO 12 BASIC EDUCATION CURRICULUM
TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION
AGRI-FISHERY-ANIMAL PRODUCTION
(ESPECIALIZATION)
GRADE 9
LEARNERS’ MATERIAL
GRADE 9
ANIMAL PRODUCTION NC II
Unit of Competency: RAISING POULTRY
15
MODULE 5
I. INTRODUCTION
This lesson deals with poultry parasites and diseases, their prevention and
control. This lesson will also serve as an important guide for the learners in
familiarizing some of the common poultry parasites and diseases as well as their
prevention and control, which learners and prospective poultry raisers should
know. The knowledge and skills in this particular Module is an important aspect
of managing a poultry farm.
The learners and potential poultry raisers should also bear in mind that
diseases should not be considered as the ultimate deterrent in raising poultry,
simply because, diseases can be prevented and controlled if they have the
proper knowledge and skills in doing so.
II. LEARNING COMPETENCIES
Let’s find out how much you already know about selecting and procuring
stocks for egg/meat production. Answer the questions below. Write only the letter
of the correct answer in your activity notebook.
3
7. What is the most important thing to do when disease starts in a flock?
a. Dress all birds affected by the disease
b. Let the disease attack the flock
c. Market all your stocks
d. Prevent the disease from spreading
8. The following are possible sources of infection which can bring health
risks to the flock EXCEPT ______.
a. improper disposal of dead birds
b. improper lighting
c. improper disposal of manure
d. unsanitary surroundings
4
LESSON 1
WHAT TO KNOW?
PROCESS
Poultry diseases are one of the major setbacks in poultry production. A
disease is an impairment that interrupts or modifies the performance of the vital
functions of poultry. It is usually characterized by inherent weakness. Poultry
raisers suffer considerable losses when their birds are attacked by diseases. The
spread of diseases poses a grave threat to the poultry industry. Some poultry
raisers are never able to recover from losses due to diseases.
5
For the prevention of infectious diseases, observe the following guidelines:
2. Provide the flock with comfortable quarters equipped with proper fixtures.
Overcrowding, lack of feeding and watering space and substandard
brooding procedures can easily cause the outbreak of a disease.
6
6. Use nutritionally balanced
feeds and rations, and
provide clean drinking
water at all times.
Malnutrition can cause
specific diseases or make
the flock susceptible to
other diseases.
8. Isolate sick birds and dispose dead birds immediately so as not to spread
infection by contaminating the feeds, water, and equipment.
7
Age of Type of Route of
Remarks
Birds Vaccine Administration
8-10 days NCD or Intranasal Chicks from unvaccinated
Avian Pest parents may be vaccinated as
Vaccine early as 3 days of age
21-24 days Fowl Pox Wing web May not be given to areas where
Vaccine the disease is not common
26-28 days NCD Intranasal or Chick protection 10-14 after
Intramuscular vaccination. Revaccinate if
protection is low.
Note: Follow manufacture’s recommendation or consult veterinarian for a successful
vaccination practice.
8
COMMON DISEASES OF POULTRY
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
SEASES
9
CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASE (CRD)
10
FOWL FOX
Causal Virus
organism
• Spread by mosquitoes which feed on pox-infected birds;
direct contact
Transmission • Mechanically transmitted by visitors, wild birds and
predators
• Dry form-characterized by the formation of black wart-like
nodules on the skin of the face, in the region of the comb,
wattles, and around the eyes, causing the latter to swell and
close. There is usually profuse eye discharge.
• Wet form-characterized by the presence of whitish yellow
Signs growth of the pharynx, larynx, and windpipe. Because of the
growth, there is difficulty in breathing which will result in
death
• Vaccination with fowl pox vaccines. Mosquito control by
Prevention spraying with insecticides.
11
There is no effective treatment against the disease. In the wet
form, removal of the wart-like growth in the throat usually
Treatment leads to recovery. In the dry form. the early application of
tincture of iodine directly on the wart-like growth has been
found to give beneficial result.
12
poultry is kept. Live and killed vaccines are available. These vaccines can
induce high levels of maternal antibodies in chicks which give protection for
about four to five weeks.
2. AVIAN MALARIA. This is a protozoan infection of the blood stream in tropical
areas which is spread by mosquitoes. Avian malaria is characterized with the
chickens dropping their heads and frequent chilling. It causes reduced egg
production and eventually results in mortality. There is no known effective
treatment. However, maintenance of sanitation and hygiene through proper
drainage will eliminate the growth of the mosquito carriers to prevent this
disease.
3. COCCIDIOSIS- This disease is one of the most dangerous diseases among
poultry. It is caused by small protozoan parasites called coccidian which
attack the digestive system. Chicks from two weeks to three months old are
highly susceptible. Chicks suffering from this disease become droopy and
depressed.
4. NON-INFECTIOUS DISEASES
a. Cage Layer Fatigue. This ailment is characterized by paralysis with thin
brittle bones resulting frequent. It occurs in high producing commercial
layers kept in cages. Most often, it is associated with deficiency of calcium
and phosphorous in the diet. Treatment with Vitamin D and extra
phosphorous may be helpful.
b. Scaly Leg .This disease caused by mites burrowing under the scales of
the poultry’s legs and feet. As a
result, the shanks become enlarged
and roughened, and in serious cases,
the affected birds may become lame.
The disease may be treated by
brushing off the crust after soaking
the legs in soapsuds, and coating the
clean portions with creolized Vaseline. Taken from Tech-Voc. Module
13
Dipping the legs in kerosene and coconut oil mixture of one to one
proportion is another effective treatment for scaly leg.
Internal Parasites
1. Intestinal worms.. The most common intestinal worm is the roundworm and
tapeworm. Roundworms are long, cylindrical, and vary in size from a
centimeter or less to more than ten centimeter
centimeters
s in length. Tapeworms are long,
flat and segmented. Young birds that are affected with intestinal worms
become very thin, dull and sleepy. Drugs to control worms are available in the
local market.
14
External Parasites
1. Lice. They do not cause serious harm to adult fowls, except when
they are heavily infested, when chicken lose vigor and become
susceptible to other diseases. Laying flocks heavily infested with lice will
not lay eggs
gs regularly. A good insect powder like sodium fluoride may be
sprinkled underneath the feathers to kill the lice. Nicotine sulfate solution
applied in the upper surface of the roost will also keep the flock free from
lice.
2. Mites.. Layers are disturbed by mites. Infested young chicks lose their vigor
and vitality and become emaciated. Effective preventive measures against
mites are cleanliness, dry surroundings, good ventilation, and sufficient
sunlight. To control mites ,a nest that is badly infested shoul
should
d be burned
and roost, nest, and walls of the house should be painted with nicotine
sulfate solution.
15
The Life Cycle of Mites
Taken from Tech-Voc.
Tech Module
16
6. Clean only and wipe dry the surface of the rubber stopper of vaccine vials
with sterile absorbent cotton before inserting needles.
7. Use only approved diluents for vaccines, preferably use one that comes
on the vaccine.
8. Vaccine should be administered within one hour after reconstitution.
9. Empty vials and left over of reconstituted vaccines should be properly
dispose immediately.
10. Unnecessary stress to the birds should be avoided particularly during
vaccination time.
11. If there is a disease outbreak in the farm, a veterinarian should be
consulted.
Bury dead birds at least three feet below soil surface. Apply lime to
the dead birds before covering them with soil.
17
REFLECT AND UNDERSTAND
Answer the following questions. Write only the letter of your answer in
your activity notebook.
18
5. The following are possible sources of infection which can bring health risks to
the flock EXCEPT_______.
a. improper disposal of dead birds
b. improper disposal of manure
c. unsanitary surroundings
d. improper disposal of dead birds, manure and unsanitary surroundings
TRANSFER
19
V. SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT
Answer the questions below. Write only the letter of the correct answer in
your answer sheet.
1. A practical way to hasten the adaptive efficiency of chickens to discharge
infection is to _______.
a. deprive them of feed and water
b. expose birds to inclement weather
c. expose them to extreme temperature
d. use antibiotic- vitamin-mineral supplements
2. To prevent the occurrence of pest and diseases, construct poultry houses
that will provide adequate ventilation and facilitate cleaning, disinfection
and maintenance of _______ .
a. sanitary conditions
b. vaccination facilities
c. medication supplies
d. utilities.
3. One of the efficient ways to eliminate infectious organisms from the farm
is to practice periodic ______.
a. periodic partial depopulation.
b. periodic compartment depopulation.
c. periodic complete depopulation.
d. periodic cage depopulation.
4. Disease infestation is more likely to occur when
a. there is an insufficient space for feeder and waterer.
b. the bird quarters are overcrowded.
c. there is an improper hygiene and sanitary measure.
d. the selection a, b and c happens.
20
5. An impairment that interrupts the performance of the vital functions of
birds is called _______.
a. inclement weather
b. disease
c. parasites
d. cannibalism
6. following are signs of Chronic Respiratory Diseases (CRD)
EXCEPT ______.
a. gasping, coughing, rattling of the windpipe
b. foamy exudates in the eyes
c. reduced feed consumption and lose of weight
d. tracheal rales, sneezing, coughing, watery or sticky discharge
from the nostrils, swelling of the face
21
10. Which of the following is an effective treatment for INFECTIOUS
CORYZA (Colds or SIPON)?
a. Broad spectrum antibiotics applied in feed and water and sulfa
preparation
b. Give Vitamin D and extra phosphorous
c. There is no effective treatment against the disease
d. Vaccination
VI. SUMMARY/FEEDBACK
GLOSSARY
22
Vaccine - refers to live and controlled causal organisms of
certain diseases for immunization
Veterinarian - an animal doctor
Vaccination - the introduction of live but weak disease causing
organism to develop immunity
RESOURCES
Laying hens Chicks to be vaccinated
Lighting facilities Antibiotics/medicines or
Catching crate Veterinary Drugs
Record notebook Syringes and needles
REFERENCES
23
K TO 12 BASIC EDUCATION CURRICULUM
TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD
EDUCATION
AGRI-FISHERY-ANIMAL PRODUCTION
(ESPECIALIZATION)
GRADE 9
LEARNERS’ MATERIAL
GRADE 9
ANIMAL PRODUCTION NC II
2
Content Standard Performance standard
The learner demonstrates The learner independently
independently the knowledge, skills performs pre-and post-harvest activities
and attitudes required in the successful in poultry production properly.
pre- and post-harvest activity in poultry
production
MODULE 6
I. INTRODUCTION
This Module is intended to provide the learners with knowledge, skills and
attitudes that can guide them in undertaking the activities about proper pre- and
post-harvest activities in poultry production. This Module also aim to give the
learners a chance to undergo actual venture in harvesting and marketing of poultry
products to turn the produce of the flock into profit and not into junk.
1
III. PRE- ASSESSMENT
Let us find out how much you already know about handling, sorting,
storing and marketing poultry products. Select the letter of your answer and
write it in your activity notebook.
1. Among the choices below, select the biggest and heaviest eggs.
a. Extra large
b. Jumbo
c. Medium
d. Large
2. The ideal temperature for storing eggs is_____.
a. 13 – 15ºC
b. 13 – 20ºC
c. 15 – 25ºC
d. 15 – 30oC
3. Which is NOT true when maintaining high quality eggs for the market?
a. Dirty eggs must be washed and rinsed.
b. Dirty eggs should be cleaned with lukewarm water.
c. Dirty eggs should be washed with cold water and dried under the sun.
d. Dirty eggs should be cleaned before marketing.
4. Which is TRUE about clean and quality eggs?
Quality eggs _______ .
a. are long stored eggs.
b. command a better price.
c. command a lower price.
d. have poor hatchability.
5. Classifying eggs according to their sizes and quality is called______.
a. grading
b. harvesting
c. marketing
d. storing
2
6. The weight of a peewee egg is_____.
a. below 41 grams
b. 41 -47 grams
c. 48 -54 grams
d. above 68 grams
7. Egg should be stored in a room with relative humidity of_____.
a. 60-65%
b. 65-70%
c. 70-75%
d. 70-80%
8. Eggs should be collected from the laying house at least____.
a. once a day
b. 1 -2 times a day
c. 2 – 3 times a day
d. 3 – 4 times a day
9. For an appropriate material for egg collection, one may use____.
a. empty cans
b. empty sacks
c. woven basket
d. wooden box
10. Eggs must be stored in the egg tray _____.
a. with small end down
b. with small end up
c. upside down
d. in any position
3
LESSON 1
HARVESTING OF TABLE EGGS
WHAT TO KNOW?
PROCESS
Proper harvesting is done to have quality egg for the market. Use an open
woven basket for gathering and egg grader for sorting. It is good to collect eggs two
to three times a day to avert the danger of being broken or becoming extremely dirty
by hens treading on them. Any violent motion on the egg such as shaking and jarring
should be avoided as this can rapture the internal membranes and the eggs became
useless for incubation. Eggs not intended for hatching should be set aside to be
used as table egg and for selling to the market.
To maintain the quality of eggs, dirty eggs must be washed and rinsed with
clean lukewarm water within the hour they are picked from the nest. It is important to
clean dirty eggs before they are brought to the market so that they command a better
price.
4
Courtesy of MMFSL Agri. Class
Eggs must be stored with the small end down on clean trays. Ideally,
o
eggs must be stored in a room of 13-15 C (55-560 o F ) with 70-75 % humidity to
control growth of molds and fungi caused by high humidity. Walls and floors of the
room should be scrubbed frequently with a suitable disinfectant. Always keep the
egg room clean and free from odorous materials. Eggs can easily absorb odors from
these materials.
5
REFLECT AND UNDERSTAND
Read carefully the following questions. Write only the letter of your correct
answer in your activity notebook.
6
TRANSFER
1. Proceed to the school poultry house and demonstrate proper harvesting,
sorting, and storing eggs using appropriate materials and following the
procedures learned in this lesson.
2. Write a short paragraph about your most exciting experience as you perform
harvesting, sorting, and storing eggs.
GLOSSARY
Harvesting - collecting produce at the right time
Gathering - act of harvesting
Storage - safekeeping for future use
Egg grader - device used in sorting eggs
RESOURCES
Wooven basket
Egg trays
Egg grader
Egg boxes
Egg cart
Dust coats
Hand gloves
Boots
REFERENCES
7
LESSON 2
This lesson will provide the learners information on how to prepare the poultry
products for proper sorting, storing and marketing.
This lesson also deals with the profitable way of marketing poultry products.
Marketing involves knowledge on the law of supply and demand. When the
supply is low and the demand is high, and the price is high. To expect returns, plan
the right time of producing more. Do this specially when the price of the product is
high and there is great demand. Always remember that profit making is the goal of
any business venture.
WHAT TO KNOW?
8
PROCESS
The standard for size set by the Bureau of Product Standards are the following;
9
MARKETING EGGS
A greater portion of eggs produced in the farms, backyards and other sources
should be fresh when marketed. This means that the eggs have not been handled
unnecessarily nor have been treated. However, if production is high and there is less
demand for eggs in the market, surplus eggs may be preserved in cold storage for
future use. Other egg producers practice other preservation methods like the use of
lime water and immersion of eggs in boiling water for a short period.
MARKETING BROILERS
The most profitable way to market broilers is by directly selling live broilers to
the consumers. The product of most small-scale broiler projects are sold in this
manner. Better profit is attained by eliminating the services of middlemen and
promptly disposing the broilers as soon as they reach the ideal market age.
10
Courtesy of MMFSL Agri. Class
Before, broilers were known as 45-days in the market because they are
harvested in 45 days. Today, commercial farms of broiler integrators harvest their
stock as early as 35 days.
Ready market for broilers should be determined even at the very start of the project
for the following reasons:
1. broilers should be marketed at the right age for this will give high quality
meat;
2. broilers with high quality meat is preferred by consumers;
3. it helps the raisers avoid additional investment;
4. it gives the raisers chance for another batch of broilers to raise; and
5. this can give higher income for the raiser
The target weight for broilers nowadays is 1.55 to 1.6 kilograms in 35 days.
However, market types of broilers are classified into three groups, according to
weight, namely: large, medium and small. A pair of large broilers weighs from 3.75 to
4.0 kgs. or 1.87 to 2 kgs each. Large broilers are used extensively as fryers and are
11
in great demand during the holiday seasons. Medium broilers weigh from 1 to 1.5
kgs each. The medium broiler is very popular and commands the highest price
during the broiler season. Small broilers weigh from ½ to 1.0 kilogram. This grade of
broiler is the most expensive for the consumer and is used only in hotels and
restaurant trade. Among the three types, small broilers are the most expensive from
the stand point of both supply and demand, especially during the season of high
prices.
a. It should be full-feathered and well filled out, especially the breast and thigh.
b. It should have a compact form.
c. Its meat should be of good quality (tender, juicy and free from excessive
connective tissue).
d. It should have yellow skin and shank.
e. It should be light or white-feathered.
f. First class broilers have small comb and wattles, shanks and feet and short
legs.
Marketing Broilers
1. Live – In this system, broilers are marketed by getting the individual or group
live weight.
2. Dressed – In this system, the raiser will get the carcass weight of the dressed
chicken for marketing.
12
3. Dressing Percentage – This is the weight of the animal after slaughter
removing all the internal organs as well as inedible portions over the live
weight multiplied by one hundred (100). Ideal dressing percentage for chicken
is more or less seventy five percent (75%).
Directions: Choose the best answer. Write only the letter of the correct answer
in your activity notebook.
1. Market types of broilers are classified into three. Which is NOT included?
a. 0.5 to 1 kilogram
b. 1 to 1.5 kilograms
c. 1.87 to 2 kilograms
d. more than 2 kilograms
13
5. Broiler nowadays are harvested when they reach ________ .
a. 30 days
b. 35 days
c. 40 days
d. 45 days
TRANSFER
1. Visit local market to determine the sale of eggs. Find out the consumers’
demand and the price per egg. Compare the prices of extra large, large,
medium, and small eggs. Which size of eggs is most patronized by
consumers? Draw a conclusion and discuss this in the class.
2. Market given poultry products inside or outside the school compound. Report
the result to the teacher for evaluation.
3. Visit the school’s broiler project and identify which among the stocks are
ready for market (Age and desirable features for marketing broilers should be
the basis of determining birds ready for market).
4. Get the live weight of the broilers ready for marketing. Record the total weight
of the broilers after being slaughtered. Compute for dressing percentage.
Report the result to the teacher for evaluation.
14
IV. SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT
Direction: Let us find out how much you already know about handling, sorting,
storing and marketing eggs. Select the letter of your answer and write it
on your answer sheet.
1.Among the choices below, select the biggest and heaviest eggs.
a. Extra large
b. Jumbo
c. Large
d. Medium
2. The ideal temperature for storing eggs is_____.
a. 13 – 15ºC
b. 13 – 20ºC
c. 15 – 25ºC
d. 15 – 30o
3. Which is NOT true when maintaining high quality eggs for the market?
a. Dirty eggs must be washed and rinsed.
b. Dirty eggs should be cleaned with lukewarm water.
c. Dirty eggs should be washed with cold water and dried under the sun.
d. Dirty eggs should be cleaned before marketing.
4. Which is TRUE of clean and quality eggs?
a. Buyers prefer to buy long stored eggs.
b. They command a better price.
c. They command a lower price.
d. They have poor hatchability.
5. Classifying eggs according to their sizes and quality is called______.
a. grading
b. harvesting
c. marketing
d. storing
15
6. The weight of a peewee egg is_____.
a. below 41 grams
b. 41 -47 grams
c. 48 -54 grams
d. above 68 grams
16
V. SUMMARY/FEEDBACK
GLOSSARY
RESOURCES
REFERENCES
17