Figure 43 defining the boundary conditions on geometry in ANSYS...............................................................

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Figure 44 obtaining convergence of the operating equations in ANSYS Fluent before post processing .......... 56
Figure 45 Top and bottom shows analysis of the models in the ANSYS.......................................................... 58
Figure 46 BMW 3 series dimensions ................................................................................................................ 61
Figure 47 Initial steps using inventor ................................................................................................................ 62
Figure 48 generating a 2D sketch on inventor ................................................................................................... 62
Figure 49 creating a sketch ................................................................................................................................ 63
Figure 50 using image pointing system to generate BMW 3 series model ....................................................... 63
Figure 51 importing the image .......................................................................................................................... 64
Figure 52 creating the constrained sketch ......................................................................................................... 64
Figure 53 creating the boundary walls for ANSYS ........................................................................................... 65
Figure 54 creating the boundary patch for boundary walls ............................................................................... 66
Figure 55 finishing the boundary patch ............................................................................................................. 66
Figure 56 Deck-lid model spoiler ...................................................................................................................... 70
Figure 57 ANSYS workbench ........................................................................................................................... 72
Figure 58 generating the named boundaries ...................................................................................................... 73
Figure 59 generating the named boundary and geometry condition in built-in the model ................................ 74
Figure 61 generating the boundaries for Open Spoiler model ........................................................................... 75
Figure 60 generating boundary conditions for deck-lid spoiler model.............................................................. 75
Figure 62 default mesh ...................................................................................................................................... 76
Figure 63 adjusting the mesh to 1 mm minimum and 2 mm maximum ............................................................ 76
Figure 64 Updated mesh of BLM ...................................................................................................................... 77
Figure 65 updated mesh of built-in model spoiler ............................................................................................. 77
Figure 66 updated mesh of deck-lid spoiler ...................................................................................................... 78
Figure 67 updated mesh for open spoiler .......................................................................................................... 78
Figure 68 Fluent setup ....................................................................................................................................... 79
Figure 69 applying the general settings ............................................................................................................. 80
Figure 70 changing the velocity formulation .................................................................................................... 81
Figure 71 adjusting the model settings .............................................................................................................. 82
Figure 72 adjusting the fluid selection .............................................................................................................. 82
Figure 73 assigning the input velocity (similar for all 4 cases) ......................................................................... 83
Figure 74 selecting the initialization ................................................................................................................. 83
Figure 75 selecting number of iterations for accuracy ...................................................................................... 84
Figure 76 shows converging the equations........................................................................................................ 85
Figure 77 showing the converged equations ..................................................................................................... 85
Figure 78 Velocity magnitude picture from Fluent ........................................................................................... 88
Figure 79 pressure contours............................................................................................................................... 89
Figure 80 shows static pressure graph ............................................................................................................... 89
Figure 81 shows the stagnation point ................................................................................................................ 90
Figure 82 shows turbulence graph of the BMW Body and the tyres (in red) .................................................... 90
Figure 83 Velocity in X axis ............................................................................................................................. 91
Figure 84 Velocity magnitude in manufacturer’s –built in model .................................................................... 91
Figure 85 shows velocity in Y direction............................................................................................................ 92
Figure 86 shows the pressure contours .............................................................................................................. 92
Figure 87 shows the static pressure graph ......................................................................................................... 93
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Figure 88 shows same stagnation region as the base line model ....................................................................... 93
Figure 89 shows the turbulence in case 2 .......................................................................................................... 94
Figure 90 shows the kinetic energy of the turbulence region ............................................................................ 95
Figure 91 shows velocity magnitude in deck-lid spoiler ................................................................................... 96
Figure 92 shows velocity in x direction ............................................................................................................ 96
Figure 93 enlarged picture showing the lesser velocity around the model ........................................................ 97
Figure 94 showing the pressure contours for deck-lid model............................................................................ 97
Figure 95 showing the static pressure region in graph ...................................................................................... 98
Figure 96 shows turbulence in the deck-lid spoiler car ..................................................................................... 98
Figure 97 shows the velocity contours for open style spoiler model car ........................................................... 99
Figure 98 shows the velocity in x direction ....................................................................................................... 99
Figure 99 shows enlarged image of the velocity magnitude ........................................................................... 100
Figure 100 shows the pressure contours in open style spoiler model.............................................................. 100
Figure 101 shows the graph for the static pressure along with the geometry .................................................. 101
Figure 102 shows the turbulence contours for the open style spoiler model ................................................... 101
Figure 103 shows the velocity magnitude. From top to bottom Case 1, 2, 3, 4 respectively ......................... 102
Figure 104 shows the pressure contours for cases 1, 2, 3, 4 respectively........................................................ 104
Figure 105 shows the pressure graphs for cases 1, 2, 3, 4 respectively........................................................... 105
Figure 106 shows the turbulence regions in cases 1, 2, 3, 4 respectively........................................................ 107
Figure 107 shows region of wake turbulence .................................................................................................. 108
Figure 108 figure of a deck-lid spoiler at rear of BMW 3 series. .................................................................... 111

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