Channel Geometry Controls Downstream

Lags in Sediment Rating Curves

The rivers exhibit systematic variations in the width of the water surface, the
hydraulic depth H and the average speed of the cross section V along with the flow
discharge Q. Leopold and Maddock (1953) He discovered that their relationships
can express well as the power of power. In a given cross section, variations of W,
H and V with Q (varying frequency of flow) can be given as The hypothesis could
be tested with one dimension (1D) or hydraulics of two-dimensional (2D) channels
and sediment transport model. A 2D model was developed based on a previous 2D
model for transcritical flow and sediment transport (Kim and Lee 2012; Kim and
Kim 2014) and was used for hypothesis testing. The present 2D model generalizes
the mass conservation equation to consider the lateral inflow q for example, excess
rainfall as Because the equations that govern previous are in the form of Unstable
flow equations, can simulate a transient flow started from a given initial condition
and quickly converging to hydraulics stable state. The governing equations are
solved using a Monotonic ascending scheme of second order for conservation laws
(MUSCL) (van Leer 1985) with a total variation reduction plan (TVD) (Harten 1983)
to prevent failures numerical oscillation The method of the predictor and the
corrective step is used for the integration of time. In the prediction step, the
intermediate the values of more than one step of half time are calculated, and in
the corrector step a solution over a full time step is calculated by solving local
Riemann problems based on products of the prediction step. Using the
reconstructed values in the mesh interface, the flow is evaluated by a Harten-Lax-
van Read-contact (HLLC) Riemann Solver Toro (2002) and Kim and Lee (2012)
provided more details of the numerical solver. The governing equations are solved
first until the flow and sediment concentration reach a stable hydraulic state with
the fixed geometry of the initial channel. A numerical simulation continues until the
relative error defined as maxjfNþ1 - fNj = fNþ1 becomes less that 10-3, where f
represents h, u, v, or c. Here, fNþ1 and fN represent the results calculated in the
updated and present time March level in time integration, respectively. For the
computational time step Δt, the numerical results converge without physical
oscillations provided the stability of Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy condition (Courant et
al., 1967) is satisfied, that is, Cr ≤ 0.2. The Courant Cr number is defined here as
To test the hypothesis with respect to the response of the C-Q relationship to a
given channel geometry, the channel width in each the cross section is given and
is considered invariant over time. The secular The increase in downward direction
in W is imposed by the scaling ratio of 2 Other variables of hydraulic geometry of
H, V and C are determined internally by the flow discharge and the width given
variation during simulations. Simulation h depth, u speed , and c (concentration) of
the 2D model are converted to average cross-sectional amounts like

BIBLIOGRAPHY

 https://ascelibrary-
org.ezproxy.umng.edu.co:2518/doi/pdf/10.1061/%28ASCE%29HY.1943-
7900.0001418