CPAR Finals Reviewer and traditional Chinese and

Francis Carlo M. Abelar Japanese Art.

11STEM-14  Sable – comes from sable/ weasel
Mr. Andrew Megano fur and is expensive; used in water
color and oil painting.
MEDIUMS AND TECHNIQUES  Nylon – synthetic; and more
commonly used nowadays; almost
Two-Dimensional Media has the same texture w/ sable and
is suitable for all kinds of painting.
 An artwork is described as two-dimensional if
it has length and width. Classifications of Brushes by Shape
 Two parts: Support/Surface and
A. Dome Shaped – covers more areas and is
Medium/Artwork
primarily used to paint clouds. Also used to
Support and Other Materials apply make-up.
B. Pointed/ Round Brush – focuses on details.
 Wood
C. Flat – ideal for broad strokes.
 Paper
 Canvas [Drawing]
 Metal
 Usually the first step in producing two-
 Concrete dimensional artworks, it is done by using dry
 Glass media such as charcoal and graphite.
Drawing Medium and Materials Kinds of Drawing
1. Charcoal 1. Life Drawing – based directly upon the
 Organic material from burnt observation of a particular subject. (e.g. still
wood/animal bones. life and figure drawing)
 2 Types: 2. Expressive Drawing – emphasizes the
 Vine: in thin sticks and is easy to expression of different emotions, feelings, and
blend and erase. mood.
 Compressed: charcoal pressed 3. Sketching – done at the “spur of the
into a wooden casing; creates moment”; the most fundamental type of
darker shades than vine charcoal. drawing.
2. Graphite 4. Perspective Drawing – a drawing in which the
 Aka Pencil, is made from a soft mineral; artist creates 3D objects on a 2D plane; used
more common and easier to use, and in urban planning; interior/industrial design
not as messy as charcoal. and architecture.
 9H (Lightest) – 9B (Darkest)
Technique
3. Brush
 To spread and transfer paint onto a  Shading – use of light and shadow (degrees of
surface. values); gives the work characteristics of
 3 Types: having depth and feature.
 Bristles – comes from pig’s fur;  Hatching, Cross-Hatching, Pointillism
used for impressionalist paintings (tiny dots), Stippling, Blending,
Scribbling (Continous)
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[Painting] 3. Pointillism: done by applying layers of various
tiny paint dots to create depth in an image, as
 Art forms wherein your spread color.
well as texture.
 It exists before the dawn of civilization. (Ex.
4. Impasto: done by simply using a palette knife to
Cave paintings)
scrape up a bit of paint and apply it to your work
[Components of Paint] surface.
5. Flicking: using a fairly wet brush, you can flick
1. Pigments: pertains to the
paint onto a work surface for an uneven splatter
minerals/substances that give a paint its
effect.
colour. In its rawest form, it is unstable.
6. Dabbing: using a corner of a sponge or even a
2. Binder: is the material that holds the pigment
piece of paper towel, you can dab on accents of
together, and allows it to stick to a surface.
color.
3. Solvents: pertains to liquids that are used to
control the viscosity (thickness and thinness) [Other Two Dimensional Media]
of the paint.
A. Pastel Painting: uses pastels and unlike other
A. 2 Types of Oil: Normal Drying and Quick
mediums, liquids and solvents aren’t used.
Drying
a. Soft Pastels: powdery in texture. There
B. 2 Kinds of Thinner: Organic and
is a higher proportion of pigment
Synthetic.
compared to binder.
[Different Kinds of Paint] b. Hard Pastels: also known as chalk
pastels. Good for creating details.
1. Oil-based Paints: first used predominantly
c. Oil Pastels: bound in oil. More vibrant
during the early Renaissance. Oil paints dry
compared to the 2 other types.
slowly.
B. Collage: composes of various cut-outs from
2. Water-Soluble Paints:
print media. (magazine, newspaper,
A. Watercolor – is the most popular of all
photographs)
water-based media.
C. Printmaking: process that involves the
B. Gouache – is a water-soluble paint
repeated transferring of an original image
which is a mixture of transparent
from a prepared surface called
watercolor with a water-soluble white
matrix/printing plate onto another surface,
chalk.
usually paper or canvas.
3. Tempera: is a type of paint that consists of
D. Mixed Media: refers to works of art that
natural pigments
combine various mediums.
4. Acrylic: composed of water-soluble synthetic
pigments and becomes water-resistant when [Technology as Art Media]
dry.
A. Digital Art: uses digital technology
[Painting Techniques] (computers, tablets, and smartphones) as an
important tool in creating art.
1. Dry Brush: achieved by applying paint undiluted
B. Multimedia Art: combines texts, graphics,
by water using dry brush; it creates a strong and
video, and sound into a single masterpiece.
intense colour blending.
C. Three-Dimensional Media: solid shapes,
2. Washing: achieved by applying watered-down
volume and the interesting use of space are
paint to apply translucent washes on the
some of the elements that challenges three-
surfaces.

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 dimensional artists in search for their own “The camera is an instrument that teaches people
style. how to see without a camera” – Dorothea Lange
D. Sculpture: many works of contemporary
Point de vue du Gras (View from the Window at le
sculptors are usually not found in rooms but
Gras, 1826/1827) by Joseph Nicéphore Niépce
rather in public places. If making a sculpture,
(1765 – 1833) – FIRST PHOTOGRAPH
it must be ideal.
 Techniques in Sculpture Visual Timeline of the History of Modern
 Subtractive: removing pieces or Photography [Find more detail about different
parts of materials. Oldest type from CPAR book]
technique.
I. Daguerreotype (1839 – early 1900s)
 Additive: putting together
 Takes a long time to expose the image.
materials or assembling the
II. Eastman Kodak (1888)
materials.
III. Leica (1927 – Present)
 Manipulation: also known as
 First range finder.
modeling.
IV. Twin-Lens Reflex Camera (1929 – Present)
 Substitution: also known as
 Utilized 2 lenses for capturing and
casting.
focusing.
 These techniques compliment each
V. Single-Lens Reflex Camera (1936 – Present)
other. Multiple sculptures were already
 Mirror tilted at 45 degrees.
made using these different techniques.
VI. Polaroid and Instant Photography (1947 –
 Kinds of Sculpture
Present)
 Relief: They are usually two-
 Instant
dimensional. These compose of
VII. Nikon F SLR (1959)
Bas Relief (Embossed Image) and
 Interchangeable lens
High Relief (Certain areas which
 Can’t zoom but can focus (50 – 55
are 3D)
meters)
 Free-Standing: All angles are seen
 Focus on slr but started as a rangefinder.
in this kind.
VIII. Digital Photography (1975 – Present)
 Constructed: Mixed media type of
IX. Digital Single-Lens Reflex Camera (1999 –
sculpture. A mix-mash of
Present)
everything.
X. Mirrorless Camera (2000 – Present)
 Kinetic: As its name implies, it’s a
sculpture that moves. Why do we take Pictures?
 Installation Art: a contemporary
 Self-expression
three-dimensional art form that
 Documentation
involves any arrangement of
 To earn a living
objects in an exhibition space.
What do you need?
[Photography]
I. Yourself
 The science and art of producing images using
II. Your camera and equipment
a camera.
III. Your knowledge, vision, passion, and
 The art of capturing light to produce an image.
confidence.
 The concept can be traced back to the Middle
Ages and the Renaissance period.
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 The Basics of Photography [The Elements of Art]

 Basic Parts  Are the building blocks used to create art.

 Lens: this focuses the light/image onto Convey meaning, express ideas and feelings.
the photosensitive surface such as a
Point
film.
 Aperture: blades in the lens that allows  Is the simplest basic unit of a sign. It can be
a certain amount of light to enter a used alone or as a unit in a group which forms
camera. a line or shape in the image.
 Shutter: opens to allow light in when a
Line
photograph is taken.
 Film/Sensor: this records the image that  Is a mark made between two points. It is two-
is taken (shot) by the camera. dimensional and goes in any direction, straight
or curved.
The Exposure Triangle
 Gives dimension to a composition through
Film/Sensor/Sensitivity (ASA/ISO) length and width; but no depth.
Perspective

 Creates an illusion of space on a flat surface. It

represent a three-dimensional object on a
two-dimensional surface making it realistic
Aperture Shutter Speed and natural.

“The Sunny 16 Rule” Space

ISO 200
 Area between two elements used to separate
or group anything. Gives eye rest, importance
to subject, etc.
 Positive Space – Free Space
 Negative Space – Occupied.
f/16 1/200 Seconds Texture

Rule of Thirds  Perceived surface of an object, the look and

feel of it, and also the perceived physical
properties. Adds depth and visual interest.
 Implied Texture – visual illusions of images on
a 2D space.
 Real Texture – Actual texture on a 3D surface.

Shape

 Is an enclosed space, limited into two

dimensions: length and width.

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Geometric
 Has the clear outlines (circle, rectangle,
square)
Organic
 Has natural, less well-defined edges (an
amoeba or a cloud)
Colour
 The result when light hits an object, the
perceived visual and physical properties is
seen by the human eye.
 It is how the brain interprets the light waves
reflected.
 Black – presence of all colors.
 White – complete absence of colors.
 Tint – Lighter attribute of color.
 Shade – Darker attribute of the color.
Color Psychology
a. Red – single most dynamic and passionate
color that symbolizes love, rage, and courage.
It also increases metabolism.
b. Orange – an optimistic and extroverted color
associated with adventure and social
communication.
c. Yellow – most vibrant color in the spectrum
that is truly joyous and radiant. Signifies
enlightenment, sunlight, and spirituality.
d. Green – lively color that symbolizes renewal
and growth. Represents life, natural
environment, and money.
e. Blue – color is associated with peace, serenity,
meditation, and relaxation. It is also
associated with intelligence and improves
concentration and productivity.
Major Color Attributes
 Hue – is the most basic attribute of a color that
makes it distinct from another color.
 Saturation – or intensity, is the dominance of
hue in the color or how a hue appears under
particular lighting conditions. Desaturated is
where colors are dulled down.
Types of Color Schemes
 Monochromatic – Colors are derived from a
single base hue and extended using its shades,
tones, and tints.
 Complementary – colors opposite of other
colors in the color wheel.
 Analogous – Groups of 3 colors next each
other on the color wheel; often seen in nature,
and pleasing to the eye.
 Triadic – Are usually three colors evenly
spaced out or equal distance in the color
wheel; produces vibrant feel.
 Split-Complementary – a variation of the
complementary scheme form a thin triangle;
has strong visual contrast with less tension;
good choice for beginners.
 Tetradic – a.k.a. “double complementary”
forms a rectangle; has many variations.
[The Principles of Design and Composition]
Principles of Composition
B.E.M.U.C.H
 B – Balance: a concept of visual equilibrium. It
is the dynamics among opposing forces in one
composition that results in visual stability.
Symmetrical – equal weights on both sides.
Asymmetrical – placement of varying weight.
 E – Emphasis: is the “center of interest”; the
focal point. Most artists put it a bit off center
and balance it with some minor themes to
maintain interest.
 M – Movement: is the visual sense of flow
through the artwork; the path where the
viewer’s eye takes through the artwork.
 U – Unity: showcases different elements in
sync one another.
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  C – Contrast: An arrangement of two or more
opposite elements. It also applies to the start
contrast between two different elements.
 Chiaroscuro: is the strong contrast
between light and shadow in a painting
or drawing.
 Tenebrism: applies to the dynamics of
contrast used in classical painting that
utilizes predominantly dark tones over
light for dramatic effect.
 H – Harmony: is the visually satisfying effect of
combining similar elements. All the sa[me
parts of the visual image relate to and
complement each other. It can be achieved
through rhythm and repetition.
[Looking at Art based on Themes and Subject
Matter]
Theme – is the main idea conveyed by a piece. It is
what an artist wants to communicate with the
audience. Moral lesson of the story.

Good luck, Fellow Potentials! See you guys next year!

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