CHAPTER 4

COLD WATER SUPPLY

By : Mohamad Shahrizal Bin Alias
 MAIN SOURCE OF WATER SUPPLY
 Surface water : Oceans, rivers, ponds & lakes
 Originates from rain water.
 Prone to contamination from human and animal sources.
 Not safe for human consumption unless subjected to sanitary
protection and purification before use.

 Ground water : shallow wells, deep wells , springs

 Cheapest and most practical means of providing water to small
communities.
 Ground water is superior to surface water, because the ground
itself provides an effective filtering medium.
 GROUND WATER
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
It is likely to be free from It is high in mineral content, e.g.,
pathogenic agents; salts of calcium and magnesium which increase
the water hard;
It usually requires no treatment; It requires pumping or some arrangement to lift
the water.
The supply is likely to be certain
even during dry season;
It is less subject to contamination
than surface water.
 DISTRIBUTION METHOD
 Gravity

 Pump
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

There are 4 types of distribution system

from main pipe source to control valves:

1. Dead end
2. Grid iron
3. Ring system
4. Radial
 Service pipe: this pipe connects the water to the water tank and piping to the
kitchen

 Communication pipe: this pipe connects the main pipe with the water meter

 Distribution pipe: this pipe supplies water from the water tank to the piping
equipments in the house like sinks, wash basins and showers

 Scour pipe: installed at the base of the water tank. Its function is to let water
flow out of the water tank during cleaning or maintenance works

 Overflow pipe: this pipe is fixed slightly above the full water mark of the
water tank. Its diameter size is bigger than that of the service pipe. Its
function is to let overflow when the ball valve is malfunctioned or damaged.
 PIPE CONNECTIONS
ELBOW
 An elbow is a pipe fitting installed between two lengths
of pipe or tubing to allow a change of direction, usually
a 90° or 45° angle.
 When the two ends differ in size, the fitting is called a

reducing elbow or reducer elbow

 PIPE CONNECTIONS
COUPLING
 A coupling connects two pipes to each other.

 If the size of the pipe is not the same , the fitting may

be called a reducing coupling or reducer, or an

adapter.
 PIPE CONNECTIONS
UNION
 A union is similar to a coupling, except it is designed to
allow quick and convenient disconnection of pipes for
maintenance or fixture replacement.
 PIPE CONNECTIONS
REDUCER
 A reducer allows for a change in pipe size to meet
hydraulic flow requirements of the system, or to adapt
to existing piping of a different size.
 PIPE CONNECTIONS
TEE
 Tee is used to either combine or split a fluid flow. Most
common are tees with the same inlet and outlet sizes,
but reducing tees are available as well.
 TYPES OF PIPE
Galvanized Iron Pipe
 made of zinc plated steel

 Size is determined through the inside diameter.

 Typical household size is 13 mm and 20 mm.

 Usually threaded at both end of pipe for connections.

GRED THICKNESS COLOUR CODE APPLICATION

A THIN BROWN OVERFLOW PIPE

B MEDIUM BLUE DISTRIBUTION PIPE
C THICK RED COMMUNICATION & SERVICE PIPE
 TYPES OF PIPE

Polyvinyl chloride(PVC) Pipe

 made of Polyvinyl chloride

 Used for distribution, overflow and scour pipe.

 Light and easy to handle but not suitable for hot water

supply.
 Typical size is (in mm) 13, 20, 25, 32 and 50.
 TYPES OF PIPE
High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Pipe
 Black colour and lightweight.

 Stainless, elastic, tough and flexible.

 Usually installed underground, in concrete wall and

floor.
 Typical size is (in mm) 13, 25, and 32.
DOWNLOAD THIS AT CIDOS E-LEARNING POLIKK

shahrizal@polikk.edu.my