SOVIET SPACE PROGRAM

INTRODUCTION

► The Space program of the commonly known as the Soviet space program, was
the national space program of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR),
active from the 1930s until the dissolution of soviet republic in 1991.Union of
Soviet Socialist Republics.
► The Soviet Union's space program was mainly based on the cosmonautic
exploration into space and the development of the expendable launch vehicles ,
which had been split between many design bureaus competing against each
other.
LIST OF ACCOMPLISHED SPACE
PROGRAMS

► R-7 Intercontinental ballistic missile

► Sputnik program
► Luna program
► Venera program
► Almaz space station
► Mir space station
► Salyut space station
R-7 INTERCONTINENTAL BALLASTIC
MISSILE

► The R-7 Semyorka was a Soviet missile

developed during the Cold war, and the
world's first intercontinental ballistic
missile.
► The R-7 made 28 launches between 1957
and 1961, but was never deployed
operationally.
► In modified form, it launched Sputnik 1,
the first artificial satellite, into orbit, and
became the basis for the R-7 family which
includes Sputnik, Luna Vostok, Voshkod
space launchers, as well as Soyaz
variants.
SPUTNIK PROGRAM

► Sputnik 1: The first artificial satellite launched into the orbit by the Russians.
► Sputnik 2: The first spacecraft to carry living creature(Dog: Laika) into the
space.
► Sputnik 3: Geophysical research on upper atmosphere and space.
► Sputnik 4: Investigate the means of manned space flights
► Sputnik 5: The first space flight to return back the living creatures unharmed.
[two dogs, two rats, forty mice, some plants and a human mannequin]
LUNA PROGRAM (MOON MISSION)

► Luna 1: Impactor space craft was created to hit

the moon
► Luna 2: First man made object to hit the moon
► Luna 3: Returned the first photographs.
► Luna 9: First probe to achieve soft landing
► Luna10: First artificial satellite on moon
► Luna 16: Returned the samples of moon’s soil
► Luna 17: Carried Lunakhod 1 vehicles
► Luna 20: Returned the samples of moon’s soil
► Luna 21: Carried Lunakhod 2 vehicles
► Luna 24: Returned the samples of moon’s soil
VENERA PROGRAM (VENUS MISSION)
► Venera 1&2: Telemetry on the probe failed after
leaving the earth’s orbit.
► Venera 3: First spacecraft to hit the other planet’s
surface
► Venera 4: First space craft to measure the atmosphere
of other planet
► Venera 5&6: Sent as an atmospheric probes.
► Venera 7: Designed to survive Venus surface
conditions and to make a soft landings.
► Venera 8: Study the surface of the Venus planet
► Venera 9 to 12: Cameras and lens caps were not
working
► Venera 13&14: Take scientific measurements of
ground and atmosphere of Venus planet.
► Venera 15&16: Carried Surface imaging Radar
equipment.
 VOSTOK PROGRAM
Mission Pilot Notes
Vostok 1 Yuri Gagarin First human in space
Vostok 2 Gherman Titov First crewed mission lasting a
full day.
Vostok 3 Andriyan Nikolayev First simultaneous flight of two
crewed spacecraft
Vostok 4 Pavel Popovich First simultaneous flight of two
crewed spacecraft

Vostok 5 Valery Bykovsky Longest solo orbital flight.

Vostok 6 Valentina Tereshkova First woman in space.

VOSKHOD PROGRAM

► Voskhod 1: First multi man

spacecraft.
► Voskhod 2: First spacewalk
ALMAZ SPACE STATION
► The Almaz, meaning “Diamond ” in
Russian, was a highly secret Soviet
military space station program, begun in
the early 1960s. The habitable outpost
was intended almost exclusively for
military purposes, starting with
reconnaissance.
► The Soviet Almaz military space station
was designed for a three-person crew and
an operational life of one or two years.
MIR SPACE STATION

► Mir was a space station that

operated in low earth orbit from
1986 to 2001, operated by the Soviet
Union and later by Russia. Mir was
the first modular space station and
was assembled in orbit from
1986 to 1996.
► The station served as a microgravity
research laboratory in which crews
conducted experiments in
biology, human biology,
physics, astronomy meteorology,
and spacecraft systems with a goal
of developing technologies required
for permanent occupation of space.
SALYUT SPACE STATION

► The Salyut program was the first space

station program, undertaken by the Soviet
Union. It involved a series of four crewed
scientific research space stations and two
crewed military reconnaissance space
stations over a period of 15 years, from
1971 to 1986.
► Salyut had the task of carrying out
long-term research into the problems of
living in space and a variety of
astronomical, biological and
Earth-resources experiments.
MISSION ACCOMPLISHMENTS
SALYUT 1 First space station to orbit the earth
SALYUT 2 First military space station and a part of
Almaz space station program
SALYUT 3 Unlike Salyut 2, it was another Almaz space
station which was launched successfully.
SALYUT 4 Two crews stayed aboard for 63 days and re
entered the earth’s atmosphere.
SALYUT 5 It was the third and last Almaz military
space station.
SALYUT 6 staying 96 days in orbit.
SALYUT 7 The station was in orbit for eight years and
ten months.
CANCELLED INTERPLANETARY PROJECTS

► Mars 4NM : Marso khod heavy rover Mars 4NM was going to be launched by the
abandoned N1 launcher sometime between 1974 and 1975.
► Mars 5NM : Mars sample return mission Mars 5NM was going to be launched by a
single N1 launcher in 1975.
► Mars 5M : Mars sample return mission Mars 5M or Mars 79 was to be double
launched in parts by Proton launchers, and then joined together in orbit for flight to
Mars in 1979.
► Vesta : The Vesta mission would have consisted of two identical double-purposed
interplanetary probes to be launched in 1991. It was intended to fly-by Mars (instead
of an early plan to Venus) and then study four asteroids belonging to different
classes. At 4 Vesta a penetrator would be released.
► Tsiolkovsky : The Tsiolkovsky mission was planned as a double-purposed deep
interplanetary probe to be launched in the 1990s to make a "sling shot" flyby
of Jupitar and then pass within five or seven radii of the Sun. A derivative of this
spacecraft would possibly be launched toward Saturn and beyond.
FUTURE SPACE PROGRAM

• Luna-Glob : Moon orbiter and lander, planned in 2021

• Venera-D : Venus lander, planned in 2025
• Fobos Grunt : Mars mission, lost in low Earth orbit in 2012
• Mars 96 : Mars mission, lost in low Earth orbit in 1996
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