TERMS: FOR ATOMIC STRUCTURE:

ISOTOPES: same element, different number DEMOCRITUS: “Atomos”

of neutrons
ISOTONES: same number of neutrons
ISOBARS: different elements, same atomic
mass, different atomic number
Quantum Theories
HEISENBERG’S UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE: it
is impossible to determine the exact
position & momentum of the particle.
PAULI EXCLUSION PRINCIPLE: no 2
electrons can have the same 4 quantum
numbers
DALTON: “Billiard ball model”
THOMSON: “Raisin bread model”
RUTHERFORD: “Gold foil experiment”
JAMES CHADWICK: Neutron
BOHR: “Planetary Model”
SCHRODINGER: “Quantum Mechanic Model/
3D Model”
Dmitri Mendeleev: Father of periodic table
Lavoisier: 1st to set up the periodic table
Moseley: first modern periodic table

AFBAU PRINCIPLE: fill up electrons in NEW ELEMENTS:

lowest energy orbitals 113 Nh: Nihonium
HUND’S RULE: most stable arrangement 115 Mc: Moscovium
of electrons
117 Ts: Tennessine
PRINCIPAL QUANTUM NUMBER (n) : size
118 Og: Oganesson
of electron cloud
Note: know your periodic trends
AZIMUTHAL / ANGULAR MOMENTUM
(l): shape of orbital 3 MOST ABUNDANT ELEMENTS: O, Si, Al

S: spherical shape 1st produced artificially: Tc

p: dumbbell shape Rarest Element: At
d: clover leaf shape
Liquid at Room Temperature: Hg/ Br
f: fundamental
Note: Review the Chemical Symbols
MAGNETIC QUANTUM NUMBER (ml):
orientation of orbital in space METALLOIDS: S, Ge, Po, Sb, Ar, Te, B
MAGNETIC SPIN (ms): spin ACIDS AND BASES
Johan Dobereiner: law of triads
THEORY ACID BASE
TRIADS: (BEQ) Arrhenius Liberates Liberates
1st triad: Fe, Co, Ni H+ ion OH- ion
2nd triad: Ru, Rh, Pd, Bronsted- Donates Accepts
Lowry Proton Proton
3rd triad: Os, Ir, Pt
Lewis e- pair e- pair
John Newlands: Law of Octaves Theory acceptor donnor

August 2018, RPh

HYDROGEN: Inflammable air POTASSIUM: major intracellular
CATION; POTASH: soluble of K+
o Lightest element salts.
o Commercial Production: Messer
Schimdt Process o POTASSIUM CHLORIDE
o Protium: most common and stable Preferred salt for
isotope hypokalemia
o Deuterium: heavy isotope
o Tritium: radioactive isotope  COMPONENT OF
o Haber process: production of DARROW’S
ammonia SOLUTION; KCl,
NaCl, Na Lactate
HYDROGEN PEROXIDE: “Agua oxigenada”  COMPONENT OF
USE: 3% is for tx of Vincent’s Stomatitis LETHAL
(severe form of gingivitis) INJECTION (IV
6% hair bleach, tooth whitening agent push)
30% disinfectant
Commercial availability: 10 volume and 20 o POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE
volume - deliquescent (Note:
know your basic
LITHIUM: Lightest metal terms such as
o Highly reactive deliquescent,
o LITHIUM CARBONATE: tx for bipolar effervescent)
disorders; last line tx for mania - use as saponifying
agent
SODIUM: Major extracellular CATION KOH: Soft soap
NaOH: Hard soap
o SODIUM BICARBONATE: 2nd major
extracellular ANION o POTASSIUM IODIDE
DOC for cutaneous
NOTE: Know your other names.
lymphatic sporotrichasis
o SODIUM CHLORIDE: major (Rose Gardener Disease)
extracellular ANION o POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE
* component of Ringer’s Solution Aka: Mineral Chameleon
and Lactated Ringer’s Solution - deep purple color; strong oxidizing
 RINGER’S SOLUTION: agent
“solution of 3 chlorides;
(NaCl, KCl, CaCl2)
COPPER: 3rd most malleable metal
 LACTATED RINGER’S
IMPORTANT ALLOYS
SOLUTION: “Hartmann’s
BRONZE ( Cu + Sn)
Solution”; (NaCl, KCl, CaCl2,
BRASS ( Cu + Zn)
Na lactate)
 SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE:
DAKIN’S SOLUTION

August 2018, RPh

TOXICITY DISEASE SUMMARY OF BACTERIAL SOURCES FOR
Pb: Plumbism ANTIMICROBIALS
Hg: Minamata
Cd: Itai-itai o CYCLOSERINE: Streptomyces
Ag: Argyria orchidaceus
Cu: Wilson’s Disease o VANCOMYCIN: S. orientalis
Au: Gold dermatitis o DAPTOMYCIN: S. roseosporus
Al: Shaver’s Disease o STREPTOMYCIN: S. griseus
o ERYTHROMYCIN: S. erythreus
GOLD: king of all metals, best conductor of o CHLORAMPENICOL: S. venezuelae
electricity, most malleable metal. o LINCOSAMIDES: S. lincolnensis
CAN BE DISSOLVED BY: o RIFAMYCIN: S. mediterranei
Aqua regia o AMPHOTERICIN B: S. nodosus
Selenic Acid: only SINGLE acid that can o IVERMECITIN: S. avermitilis
dissolve o CAPREOMYCIN: S. capreolus
Purple of Cassius o TETRACYLINES: S. aureofaciens
o BACITRACIN: Bacillus subtilis
BERYLLIUM: most toxic metal
o POLYMYXIN B: Bacillus polymyxa
o TEICOPLANIN: Actinoplanes
MAGNESSIUM: 6th most abundant element in
earth’s crust; 2nd MAJOR intracellular CATION teicomyceticus
o MUPIROCIN: Pseudomonas
CALCIUM: 2nd major extracellular CATION fluorescens
o AZTREONAM: Chromobacterium
ZINC: element present in insulin (BEQ) violaceum
o GENTAMYCIN: Micromonospora
CARL SCHEELE: “empereal air” purpurea
JOSEPH PRIESTLY: “dephlogisticated air”
ANTOINE LAVOISHER: “OXYGEN” VITAMIN DEFICIENCIES

PHASE I REACTION: o VITAMIN A- Xeropthalmia, Night

- Hydrolysis blindness
- Oxidation o VITAMIN B1- Beri-beri, Wernicke
- Reduction Korsakoff
o VITAMIN B2- Cheilosis
PHASE II REACTION o VITAMIN B3- Pellagra
- Glucoronidation o VITAMIN B5- Burning foot syndrome
- Sulfate Conjugation o VITAMIN B6- Peripheral neuropathy
- Amino acid conjugation o VITAMIN B9- Megaloblastic anemia,
- Glutathione conjugation spina bifida
- Acetyl conjugation o VITAMIN B12- Megaloblastic anemia
- Methyl conjugation o VITAMIN C- Scurvy

August 2018, RPh

 o VITAMIN D- Rickets, Osteomalacia
o VITAMIN K- Prolonged bleeding
#C
2: Oxalic
DISEASE DEFICIENCIES 3: Malonic
SANDHOFF β- 4: Succunic
HEXOSAMINIDASE A 5: Glutanic
AND B 6: Acidipic
TAY-SACHS β- 7: Pimelic
HEXOSAMINIDASE A 8: Subenic
FABRY α GALACTOSIDASE 9: Azelaic
KRABBE β- GALACTOSIDASE 10: Sebacic
GAUCHER β-GLUCOSIDASE Mnemonic: O Masarap Sa Gabi Ang
METACHROMATIC ARYLSUFATASE A Pagkaing Sweet and Sour
LEUKODYSTOPY
NIEMANN PICK SPHINGOMYELINASE Caffeine (1,3,7 Trimethylxanthine)
FARBER CERAMINIDASE Theophylline (1,3 Dimethylxanthine)
Theobromine (3,7 Dimethyl Xanthine)
GLYCOGEN STORAGE DISEASES
DISEASE DEFICIENCIES
ALKALOIDAL REAGENTS
0 Glycogen
synthase
WAGNER’S REAGENT: IODINE IN KI (WIKI)
I Von Glucose-6-
MAYER’S REAGENT: POTASSIUM MERCURIC
Gierke phosphatase
IODIDE (MaMeKI)
II Pompe Acid maltase/α-1,4-
VALSER’S REAGENR: MERCURIC IODIDE
glucosidase
(VAMI)
III Forbes- Debranching enzyme DRAGENDORFF’S REAGENT: POTASSIUM
Cori BISMUTH IODIDE (DRAKBI)
IV Andersen Branching enzyme SONNECHEIM’S REAGENT:
V McArdle Muscle PHOSPHOMOLYBDIC ACID (SON in Pma)
phosphorylase SCHEIBLER’S REAGENT:
VI Hers Glycogen PHOSPHOTUNGSTIC ACID (SCHooL in pTA)
phosphorylase Note: Know your plant classifications,
VII Tarui Muscle specially in Alkaloids and know your
phosphofructokinase scientific names
VIII Liver phosphorylase
kinase FOR COMPUTATION
1G 1000MG
1ML 1L
1TSP 5ML
1TBSP 15ML
1KG 2.2LBS

August 2018, RPh

1METER 39.37 A- Have the capacity to cause error (Ala
INCHES lang)
1INCHE 2.54CM B -Did not reach the patient (Buti nalang)
S C- Reached the patient but didn’t cause
1GAL 3785ML harm (Chos lang)
1FLUID 29.57ML D -Increased patient monitoring (Dito na)
OUNCE E -Treatment or intervention (Eto na!)
COCKROFT AND GAULT F -Initial or prolonged hospitalization
(Frolonged)
FOR MALE: (140-AGE)X WEIGHT in KG G -Permanent harm (Grabe!)
72 x serum creatinine H -Near-death (Heto na)
I –Death (Ililibing)
FOR FEMALE: SAME FORMULA then
answer X 0.85 PREGNANCY CATEGORY
CATEGOR HUMA ANIMA EFFECT
GTTS/MIN= amt of fluid x gtts/mL (IV set) Y N L
hrs to administer x mins/hr STUDIE STUDIE
S S
A / / SAFE
TEMPERATURE EQUIVALENTS B X / SAFE
C X / UNSAFE
Very Dull Red Heat 500-550 C D BENEFITS OUTWEIGH RISKS
Dull Red Heat 550-700 C X / / TERATOGEN
Bright Red Heat 800-1000 C IC
Yellow Red Heat 1000-1200 C
White Red Heat 1200-1600 C
Mnemonic: Very Demanding BaYaW Pharmacoeconomic Methodologies:

TYPE OF OIL IODINE EXAMPLES Cost-Effectiveness: Lowest cost for a given

VALUE level of effectiveness
RANGE Cost-Minimization: Comparison of drugs
NON- <100 OLIVE, that are generically equivalent
DRYING ALMOND Cost-Utility: Incorporates a measure of QOL
(NOA) into outcomes being measured
SEMI- 100-120 COTTONSEED, Cost-Benefit: Uses monetary value in
DRYING SESAME comparing costs and consequences
(COTSE) Cost of Illness: All direct and indirect cost
DRYING >120 LINSEED, COD attributable to a certain disease
LIVER (LICOD)
PHARMACOLOGY:
MEDICATION ERRORS know your qiss and qiq
LUNA vs HIPE
Graphs

August 2018, RPh

 Sympa vs parasympa Lidocaine
ADRs (rationale; more common for Module Mexeletine
3) Tocainide
Phenytoin

ClassIC- More Fries Please

Moricizine
THEORIES: Flecainide
1. HYPOTHESIS OF CLARK: maximum Propefanone
pharmacologic effect is obtained if
ALL receptors are occupied. Class II- Beta Blockers
2. HYPOTHESIS OF PATON: “rate Propanolol
theory” maximum effect depends on Atenolol
the STIMULUS Metoprolol
3. HYPOTHESIS OF ARIENS &
STEPHENSON: “Occupancy theory” Class III- Potassium Channel Blockers
the effect of the drug lasts as long as “SAD”
the receptors are occupied. Sotalol
Amiodarone
TERMS: Dofelitide

EFFICACY: maximum achievable Class IV- Calcium Channel Blockers

response Diltiazem
CEILING DOSE: minimum dose that Verapamil
produces the maximum response
POTENCY: dose required to achieve UNIVERSAL ANTIDOTE (BEQ)
50% of the maximum response  Activated Charcoal
SLOPE: degree of chance in response  Tannic Acid
with a change in dose.  Magnesium Oxide
ED50: effective dose in 50% of the
given population
TD50: toxic dose in 50% of the given REPUBLIC ACTS
population
THERAPEUTIC INDEX: measure of RA 5921- THE PHARMACY LAW
relative safety . RA 10918- THE PHILIPPINE PHARMACY ACT
Lapsed into law WITHOUT signature on July
Anti Arrhythmic Drugs 21 2016
RA 8981- PRC MODERNIZATION ACT
Class Ia- Double Quarter Pounder RA 10912- CPD ACT
Disopyramide - from 45 units to 15 units
Quinidine - newly board passer are excepted from 1st
Procainamide renewal
RA 8293- INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY CODE
ClassIB- Letuce Mayo Tomato Please RA 9711- FDA ACT

August 2018, RPh

RA 7581- PRICE ACT PINK SULFIDE: MnS
RA 7432- SENIOR CITIZENS ACT ORANGE SULFIDE: Sb2S3
RA 9994- EXPANDED SENIOR CITIZENS ACT YELLOW SULFIDE: CdS, SnS
RA 9165- COMPREHENSIVE DANGEROUS WHITE SULFIDE: ZnS
DRUGS ACT BROWN SULFIDE: Bi2S3
RA 8203- SPECIAL LAW ON COUNTERFEIT SOLUBILITY
DRUGS VERY SOLUBLE <1
RA 9502- CHEAPER MEDICINES ACT FREELY SOLUBLE 1-10
RA 10152- MANDATORY INFANT AND SOLUBLE 10-30
CHILD HEALTH IMMUNIZATION ACT SPARINGLY SOLUBLE 30-100
RA 10606- NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE SLIGHTLY SOLUBLE 100-1000
ACT VERY SLIGHTLY 1,000-10,000
SOLUBLE
INSOLUBLE >10,000
FLAME TEST
METALS NON- UNDER ANIMAL ASSAY MNEMONICS:
METALS COBALT DIGITALIS PIGEON PIGITALIS
GAS INSULIN RABBIT RABINSULIN
SODIUM PERSISTENT NIL GLUCAGON CAT GLUCATGON
GOLDEN TUBOCURARIN RABBIT TUBOCURABBI
YELLLOW E T
POTASSIUM VIOLET CRIMSON COD LIVER OIL RACHITI CORAT
RED C RAT
LITHIUM CARMINE PURPLE OXYTOCIN CHICKE MANOKCYTOCI
RED N N
CALCIUM BRICK RED LIGHT PARATHYROID DOG PITBULL
GREEN HORMINE
STRONTIUM CRIMSON PURPLE HEPARIN SHEEP SHEEPARIN
RED
BARIUM YELLOW BLUE GREEN
GREEN
BORATE, GREEN
COPPER,
THALIUM,
PHOSPHORUS
LEAD, BLUE YELLOW
ARSENIC,
ANTIMONY,
BISMUTH,
COPPER
AMMONIUM COLORLESS

BLACK SULFIDES: CuS, PbS, NiS, FeS, CoS

August 2018, RPh