Microwave Components

Waveguide Tee
E Plane Tee
H Plane Tee
Magic Tee
Hybrid Tee
Assignment

The waveguides discussed in

PREVIOUS SESSIONS serve
to transport microwave energy
from one place to another.
THE Energy WHICH is
transported has TO be
generated or amplified in a
previous stage of the circuit.
In this SESSION you will be
introduced to the special
components used in those
circuits.
Which we call it as waveguide
junction tee.
Let us start with Waveguide
Tee

A Waveguide Tee is a 3-port

OS 4 PORT device that can be
used to either divide or
combine power in a waveguide
system.
It is formed when three
waveguides tubes are
connected in the form of the
English alphabet 'T'.
This is where its name is
derived from.

Now lets see E – Plane Tee

When the axis of the side arm

is parallel to the Electric Field
(E) of the collinear, then the
 tee is called a E-Plane Tee
Junction.

 E- plane tee is voltage or

series junction, symmetrical
about the central arm, so that
the signal splits up in to two
side arms.

The outputs we get in this

type of tee are 180° out of
phase with each other,
irrespective of from which
port the input is fed.
In first case
1) If the input signal is fed to
port 3, then the output will
be split across port 1 and 2
and will be 180 degrees out
of phase with each other.
Here you can see how
output is splitted in 2 ports
and 180 degree out of
phase .

And in next case

 2) If the input signal is fed
to port 1, then the output will
be split across port 2 and 3
and will be 180 degrees out
of phase with each other.
Here you can see how
output is splitted in 2 ports

 Resultant field leaving

junction through main arm is
proportional to the difference
between instantaneous fields
that entered the junction
through side arms in opposite
direction.
 When two ports 1 & 2 are
coupled with input signals with
same amount and phase the
output from port 3 will result in
zero due to cancellation effect.

Now let us move upon H-

Plane Tee
When the axis of the side
arm of the waveguide tee is
parallel to the flow of the
Magnetic Field (H) from port
1 and is perpendicular to the
flow of the Electric Field (E),
then the tee is called a H-
Plane Waveguide Tee.

An H-Plane Waveguide
Tees can be thought of as a
two way in-phase power
divider/combiner i.e it is
additive in nature.
1) Here When two input
signals are fed to port 1
& 2, the output at port 3
is in phase and additive
 You can see the output form
this diagram
2) And when the input
signal is fed to port 3,
the signal is split in to
two equal parts that are
in-phase at port 1 & 2.
HERE YOU CAN SEE HOW
WAVES TRAVEL
THROUGH THE DEVICE

 The effective value of field

leaving through the side arm is
proportional the phasor sum of
entering fields.
 Maximum energy is
delivered to side arm when
waves entering the junction
through main arms are in
phase.
 Ok now we will see Magic
Tee – Plane

 You can say that Magic tee

is combination of E-plane tee
and H-plane tee
 It is 4 port hybrid circuit.
 A magic tee has four ports:
namely
Port 1 - Co-linear
Port 2 - Co-linear
Port 3 - Difference Port
Port 4 - Sum Port
 There is no direct
transmission between series
and parallel arms (port 3 and
port 4).
 When waves of equal
amplitude and phase enter the
parallel and series arm, the E
 field cancels in one of the side
arms and add in other.
 When power enters through
1 and 2 arm the fields leaving
port 4 proportional to the
phasor sum of two input fields.
 YOU CAN GET BETTER
IDEA WITH THIS IMAGE
SHOWNIG HOW POWER
DIVIDES which can be said as
destructive magic tee
 And in this diagram you can
see that output combines at the
junction so we can say it is
contructive magic tee

Let us see some of the

Applications of Magic Tee
 Magic Tee junction is used
to measure the impedance
 Magic Tee is used as a
duplexer
 Magic Tee is used as a mixer
 Magic Tee junction is also
used as Microwave bridge,
Microwave discriminator, etc

Now we will move upon

angular 4 port tee which we
call it as Hybrid ring

 It is 4 port device which is

also known as rat race junction.
 All of these ports are
connected in angular ring
forms at equal intervals using
series or parallel junctions.
 The mean circumference of
total race is 1.5λ and each of
 the four ports are separated by
a distance of λ/4.
 Now let us see what happens
when we apply input at
different different ports.
 Case 1


If the input power is applied at
port 1, it gets equally split into
two ports, but in clockwise
direction for port 2 and anti-
clockwise direction for port 4.
Port 3 has absolutely no output.
The reason being, at ports 2
and 4, the powers combine in
phase, whereas at port 3,
cancellation occurs due to λ/2
path difference.
 Case 2


If the input power is applied at
port 3, the power gets equally
divided between port 2 and
port 4. But there will be no
output at port 1.

 Case 3


If two unequal signals are
applied at port 1 itself, then the
 output will be proportional to
the sum of the two input
signals, which is divided
between port 2 and 4.
Now at port 3, the differential
output appears.
Let us see some adv n
applications of hybrid tee
 Advantages
It has smaller size when
compared to Magic Tee.
Also dimensions are less
critical at short wave lengths.
 Applications :
Can be used in microwave
communications systems, in
place of magic TEE.

So that’s all about todays

session… keep watching for
new updates.
Thank you very much.